VOL. L NO. 4 FEBRUARY 955

What New Benefits? Fels Grant To Study One of the most widely discussed subjects among Faculty Conditions faculty and staff groups-and certainly the one which was the most provocative subject of the University Senate The University of Pennsylvania has received a grant meeting held in Dietrich Hall on February 24th-is "What of $25,000 from the Fels Fund to study policies and additional faculty benefits will be realized as a result of practices which contribute most effectively to the develop- the tuition increases which will take place next July 1st, ment of the strongest possible faculty working under the and as a result of additional State aid, if such aid is best possible conditions. forthcoming?" The study, looking toward the development of an affirmative for will be made Tuition increases, if enrollment holds up to present policy faculty personnel, by a committee of the of which Dr. David figures, will result in approximately one million dollars University faculty R. Goddard, Professor of will serve as the chair- above last year's funds. About half of this must be applied Botany, man. Others on the committee are Doctors John A. Goff, to the anticipated 1955-56 operating deficit University's Clarence A. Clarence Morris, Glenn R. Morrow, costs including faculty salaries Kulp, representing University and P. The of the which have been assumed prior to the availability of Eugene Pendergrass. responsibility committee will involve both the initiation and conduct of funds to meet them. The remaining funds will be divided its and the recommendation of between faculty benefits, maintenance, and a small amount investigations policies. for initiating the Benjamin Franklin National Scholarships These studies and will be directed toward the (see page 2). policies ultimate attainment of the following four major objectives: How the best insure that The of the balance which will be directed to 1) may University every post portion on its instructional and research staffs is filled the amounts to somewhat less than a of faculty, faculty quarter with the that and funds a million dollars. The the strongest person opportunity major problem confronting What rewards, and conditions and climate administration is to use these funds in the manner which permit? 2) of work will attract and hold able men and maxi- will be of assistance to the of provide greatest majority faculty mum for creative work? 3) How members. it is the of increases encouragement may Basically, question salary the entire become as suffused with vs. so-called benefit" increases. University community "fringe a desire for excellence as the best departments now are? 4) How may plans in such matters be made well in President Harnwell, speaking before the University advance? Senate, stated that in talking to various members of the to determine their on the he faculty disposition subject, During its investigations, to be conducted both on this finds the divided to For the most faculty according ages. campus and at several other universities, the committee the members favor increased salaries, while part, younger will consider such subjects as methods employed in dis- the older ones are more interested in the tax-free benefits covering, appointing and promoting faculty talent, regu- which will them better health and retirement give programs. lations governing tenure, elements of good departmental chairmanship, faculty salaries, and other relevant factors. Some question arises as to how much the faculty desires such benefits when investigation shows that a surprisingly Dr. Joseph H. Willits, director of the current educa- small percentage is now taking advantage of the benefits tional survey being conducted at the University, has com- already available at the University. mented that the new studies will supplement the broader survey by providing a deep and penetrating analysis in 2 Continued on Page an exceptionally significant area of investigation.

THE ALMANAC 2

Continued 1 Benefits from Page Franklin Scholarships Established At the time the is in present University engaged pre- The University of Pennsylvania is establishing eighty paring a full picture of its financial inadequacies to be new to be known as to the State undergraduate scholarships Benjamin presented Legislature. Franklin National Scholarships. "I am fully cognizant of the fact that salaries must be The will be awarded to raised to make it to hold on to the fine four-year scholarships secondary possible faculty school graduates of exceptional ability and promise who which we now have and to attract outstanding new men would be unable to at the without re- and women to our Dr. Harnwell said. "The study University campus," ceiving some measure of outside aid to supplement their additional funds being requested from the State for the own resources. The initial awards will be made to fresh- biennium are to cover the increased cost of Uni- coming men entering the University in the academic year of versity operations with particular emphasis upon the need 1955-56. for increasing faculty remuneration." In addition to the cost of tuition in the Therefore, if aid for this is to the covering purpose granted undergraduate schools, many will provide annual stipends University by the State, it might then be possible to oblige to be determined in relation to the needs of the individual all of the some of the tuition segments faculty by directing applicants, but not to exceed $1200. funds to "fringe benefits" as well. In announcing that the Franklin Scholarships will be As chairman of the committee appointed to investigate available not to men and women in this area, but various for additional benefits, Dr. C. A. only possibilities to high school graduates throughout the country, President Kulp has indicated that he and his committee are thinking Harnwell stressed the desire to maintain its the lines of medical examina- University's along (1) prepaid regular national character in the best interest of the student body. tions, (2) insurance for permanent and total disability, and (3) insurance for catastrophic medical costs. Since "To students for constructive service in these are much in an and no equip today's very exploratory stage world", he added, "we must give them every opportunity definite figures are available at this writing, a more com- for democratic in an educational environment and will have to wait until a later issue of living prehensive report with no geographical limitations and none imposed on The Almanac. When figures, facts and ideas are better the basis of race, color or creed." formulated, however, it is quite probable that reactions and suggestions will be solicited from all members of the faculty through a questionnaire. With the information at hand at the completion of such a survey, and through personal conversations and cor- Summer Research Grants Offered respondence to learn faculty preferences and attitudes, the ultimate steps taken by the administration may better The Committee on the Advancement of Research an- reflect the wishes of the faculty on the question: "What nounces that three Special Summer Grants of $1000. will additional faculty benefits will be realized?" be made for the summer of 1955. These awards will follow the plan used for such grants in 1954. All full-time members of the staff, including instructors with the Doc- tor's degree, may apply. No special application form will be distributed, but the material submitted should include a detailed description of the project and a letter from Faculty Bibliography Started the applicant to explain how the work contemplated for 1955 fits into his professional plans and why financial The Committee on the Advancement of Research an- assistance is needed. nounces that forms for entries in the Bibliography of Faculty Publications for 1954 will be available early in These tax free grants are designed to free appointees March. from the need to seek other summer employment such as teaching. They may be used to initiate, continue, or In addition, the committee is undertaking a compilation complete any research project approved by the committee. of current research projects, including those completed in 1954. The forms for reporting research work will be Since earlier announcements from members of the com- distributed with those for the Bibliography and if funds mittee indicated that no Special Summer Grants would are available the list of projects reported will be published. be made in 1955, the widest possible publicity should The committee feels that such a publication would be a be given these awards, and the cooperation of deans, record of productive scholarship and a guide for the use directors, and departmental chairmen is especially sought of its limited funds for promoting research. to encourage a large number of applicants. Instruction sheets will accompany the forms for both Applications should be sent to Dr. W. Wallace Weaver, the Bibliography and the Census of Research. Those who Secretary of the Committee on the Advancement of Re- do not receive this material or who require additional search, Room 104, Bennett Hall. The closing date for copies should call the office of the Graduate School of applications will be April 1. Awards will be announced Arts and Sciences in Bennett Hall. as soon as possible.

3 FEBRUARY 1955

d) In order not to discriminate in favor of taxpayers Tax Reduction Planned in higher brackets, it would provide that 30% of the A bill which would of students student fees would be taken as credit on the tax bill give parents college of the bracket. a reduction in their income tax payments and help more regardless taxpayer's young people get a college education will be introduced e) A ceiling of $450 for each student would be placed in Congress during the current session. on the amount of tax credit. That portion of any tuition above $1,500 per year would not result in any further This new proposal indicates a realization by many tax credit. individual educators, government leaders, and educational associations and institutions throughout the country, of f) No particular legal relationship must exist between the serious fact that the cost of a college education today the taxpayer entitled to receive tax credit and the student. has risen to a where it is the reach of point beyond many No tax credit would be allowed on amounts families and an extreme financial sacrifice to many others. g) for tuition and fees supplied in the form of scholarships, The proposed legislation would attempt to alleviate fellowships, or grants from sources other than the taxpayer this situation to the extent of granting an income tax himself. It would be assumed that payment of tuition credit of 30% of the tuition charges or educational fees and fees would be the first charge against such a scholar- paid for students above the twelfth grade. ship, fellowship, or grant. Under its new tuition scale, for example, the University of Pennsylvania tuition for full-time undergraduates will be $800 and the fee $135. As this writer interprets the Names In The News proposal, the new credit may be applied to the $935 total of the two, thus allowing the taxpayer to deduct Word has been received from the Adjutant General $280.50, or 30%, from his federal income tax bill. that Dr. I. S. Ravdin, John Rhea Barton Professor of Surgery and Director of the Harrison Department of Sur- If such tax relief were given for student fees paid to Research, has been to the rank of and institutions, gical promoted Major tax-exempt public private many parents General in the United States Army Medical Corps Reserve. could reappraise their financial ability to pay the costs The extends its of a child's education and more of the University family hearty congratulations country's youth to Dr. Ravdin on receiving this honor. would have the benefit of advanced educational oppor- tunities. Some parents who now require partial scholar- ships to keep their children in college would be able to Congratulations are also in order for Henry L. Herbert, forego these scholarship funds, thereby making them avail- Director of the University News Bureau, on his election able for young men and women coming from homes of to the National Board of Directors of the American College lesser financial ability. Some institutions, without curtail- Public Relations Association. The election took place ing the support given to superior students from low-income at the Association's recent convention held in Lancaster, homes, could conserve some of the operational funds Pa., -4. now used for scholarships and make them available for faculty salaries and maintenance of plants, thus improving Paul M. Rudolph, Visiting Professor of Architecture, the quality of instruction. has won the first design award for the "best piece of progressive architecture" in a competition sponsored an- Similar legislative proposals in the past have been based nually by Progressive Architecture Magazine. Sketches on a plan of making the cost of tuition and fees deductible of the design are featured in the magazine's January issue. from income. The new plan about to be introduced into The panel of judges, which passed on 500 entries, termed Congress this year is believed to be better as it provides Mr. Rudolph's design for a Florida home "a marvelous identical benefits to all taxpayers, regardless of their concept". Paul Rudolph also designed the photographic income tax bracket. This is of particular advantage to exhibit, "Family of Man", which is currently receiving those in low income brackets. wide acclaim at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. The proposed plan, which is now in the hands of the Senate Committee on Finance and the House and Dr. Zellig S. Harris, Professor of Linguistics, recently Ways was elected President of the of America Means Committee, contains the following features: Linguistic Society for the year 1955. a) It would be limited to payments made to the insti- tutions for educational services and facilities, and would One of the Freedom Foundation Awards, presented not attempt the complications of covering travel, housing each year on Washington's birthday at Valley Forge in and meals, even though these may be indirectly involved recognition of outstanding contributions or services to in education. (These are partially covered by the $600 the American way of life, was won on February 22nd deduction already allowed for a dependent.) by Dr. G. Lloyd Wilson, Professor of Transportation and Public Utilities, for his recent "The Foundations b) The tuition and fee payments would be only those pamphlet made to educational institutions which meet the tests of Our Freedoms". for special tax treatment under the present income tax laws. Dr. Carl C. Chambers, Vice-President in Charge of Engineering Affairs, has been appointed the University c) The bill would apply only to higher education: that of Pennsylvahia representative on the Board of Directors above the twelfth grade. of the Brookhaven National Laboratories, Long Island.

THE ALMANAC 4

Provost's Dictionary Published For The Record... Publication of a unique Spanish and English dictionary The Tax Court of the United States has ruled tnat has climaxed 11 years of global research by Dr. Edwin B. recipients of grants from philanthropic organizations for Williams, Professor of Romance Languages and Provost fellowships in research and study are exempt from paying of the University. income tax on them. In a precedent making decision The 1,272-page Holt Spanish and English Dictionary, affecting 32,000 foundations and many thousands of bene- designed and compiled by Dr. Williams, has been called ficiaries of such fellowships, the decision reverses a stand the first entirely new, all-purpose bilingual dictionary pro- taken by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue in 1951. duced in the United States in more than 50 years. It The new ruling defines study grants as gifts. translates about 60,000 Spanish terms into English and an equal number of English terms into Spanish. Not limited to "the King's English" or academic Spanish, it In keeping with its policy of cutting unnecessary ex- embraces provincialisms of both-as spoken from the penditures, the University is instituting the use of intra- Philippines to North Africa, from Cambridge to the Ken- mural envelopes. These are for use with campus mail tucky hills. only and are not sealed. They are used many times simply T0 make it comprehensive and up to date, Dr. Williams by crossing out the last address and indicating the new tracked down the Spanish equivalents of "baby-sitter", addressee in the next consecutive block provided for that "flattop", "flying saucer", "cold shoulder", "crapshooter", purpose. The intramural envelopes-both the standard "G.I.", "hangover", "has-been", "high fidelity", "news- letter size and a large 10 x 13 inch size-may be obtained caster", "proximity fuse", and "sponge cake". Nor did by calling Mr. Riggs at the University Mail Service, or he overlook the new vocabularies of atomic science, jet by asking your carrier to deliver some to you. aviation, television and the wonder drugs. Since Spanish, too, has its share of twentieth century jargon, a similar job had to be done in reverse. "It was an effort to equate two cultures, two civilizations," Dr. Williams explained. "The difficulties were many. "It was not enough merely to define an English word Deaths needed in Spanish, or vice versa. What was was exact, MISS ISABEL BRONK, Institute of Local and State Govern- one-word wherever existed. It was sur- equivalents, they ment Research Librarian. One of four who organized prising to find that there were such equivalents for some the words. Lippincott Library in 1927. Through specialized very unlikely library service during the past 18 years, contributed "As a result of the penetration of the King James version to the Institute's administra- Bible the world, I significantly governmental of the throughout English-speaking tive program. February 2, 1955. found English to be sprinkled with Biblical phrases that in the world if translated would be meaningless Hispanic DR. ELMER V. EYMAN, Assistant Professor of Psychiatry. literally-such as 'salt of the earth'. But often there was A known who was Chief an term of different derivation." nationally psychiatrist of equivalent altogether Services at the Pennsylvania Hospital for twenty years, To pin down biological terms, such as the names of and Chief of the of at the fish, flowers, mammals and even bacteria, Department Psychiatry trees, birds, University. , 1955. Dr. Williams usually sought Spanish and English words representing the same Latin genus and species-but even DR. ALoNzo H. STEWART, former Assistant Instructor of here there were pitfalls. Bacteriology. Noted bacteriologist and inventor. Re- In translating "turnip", for example, he discovered an cipient of a Franklin Institute Award for studies in early botanist's error in giving the American turnip the the purification of milk and inventor of the widely Latin name for an entirely different European vegetable. used Stewart Forceps and the Stewart Counter for Dr. Williams finally translated "turnip", "sponge cake" examining blood. February 13, 1955. and other culinary terms by having Spanish authorities throughout the world consult an even higher authority- their wives. THE ALMANAC To identify chemical and mineralogical terms, Dr. Wi!- Published monthly by the University for the hams turned to their chemical formulae. Here, again, were verbal boobytraps such as scientific chemical names information of its faculty and staff that are used commercially to describe an entirely different The Editor is assisted an Committee substance. by Advisory comprised of representatives of Faculty, Adminis- Since the dictionary contains hundreds of words not tration, and Personnel of the University. yet found in standard English dictionaries, Dr. Williams had to define terms for which no definitions Letters, items of news, and articles of interest to many laymen's the faculty and staff are solicited. were available in any language. In this he was aided by earnestly leading scholars and scientists throughout the University. Editor Bruce Montgomery "The result:" says Time magazine, "the most compre- Address 3459 Walnut Street hensive dictionary of its kind yet."