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Soclimpact´S Islands Other Islands SOCLIMPACT´S ISLANDS Azores (Portugal) Balearic Islands (Spain) Islands' best Canary Islands_1 (Spain) Canary Islands_2 (Spain) Corsica (France) Crete (Greece) Cyprus Fehmarn (Germany) practices as a Madeira (Portugal) Malta Sardinia Sicily_1 (Italy) Sicily_2 (Italy) benchmark for Sicily_3 (Italy) West Indies (France) OTHER ISLANDS climate action Aran Islands (Ireland) Bornholm (Denmark) Funafuti, Nanumea and Nanumaga (Tuvalu) Orkney Islands (United Kingdom) Samoa Samsø (Denmark) The SoClimPact project has received funding from the European Union´s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 776661 BEST PRACTICE CONTEXT Ratifications, plans, strategies, decrees, regulations This project is in line with the PRAC (Regional Program for Climate Change), started in 2015, delivered in 2017 and approved in 2019 (Decreto Legislativo Regional n.º 30/2019/A, November 28th). This pilot project started before PRAC but it is perfectly in line with the program, namely the proposed measure ITE2 (Increase of RES in the energy mix). This measure was a decarbonization measure which was considered as a measure of interest for the adaptation of the Energy sector. In 2020 a set of regional decreets (Decreto Regulamentar Regional n.º 2/2020/A and Decreto Regulamentar Regional n.º 15/2020/A), created subsidies for the investment in electric vehicles and charging stations. The last integrates the project “Graciosa - Ilha Modelo” (to which Graciolica project is part of) to be in the forefront of an intelligent electric ecosystem, which relies in the use of natural resources and their linkage to the grid. ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS IN IMPACT/BENEFIT GRACIOSA ISLAND: THE GRACIOSA The project puts the Azores Archipelago in the forefront of the energy transition and adaptation: HYBRID RENEWABLE POWER PLANT •Energy transition to a sustainable energy sector requires very high penetration level of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) •Some of these RES have an uncontrollable output and managing the variability is challenging ISSUE/PROBLEM •Among several options for increasing flexibility, Energy Storage (ES) is a promising one considering the variability of many renewable sources The development of energy storage systems can •Electric batteries have an immediate response and can replace backup power and energy quality duties in the grid •The project has proved that it is possible to achieve a highly reliable energy grid with high-RES penetration provide an alternative when the main power sources •This project is under the umbrella of another project which sets the Graciosa island has a role model for the Autonomous fail and need time to recover. This allows for a more Region of the Azores, mainland Portugal, Europe and the World resilient energy grid while enabling decarbonization •It includes a clear incentive to foster a deep decarbonization of the economy starting with the transport sector and peak levelling (shaving) at a controlled cost. This measure is in line with Clean Energy for all Europeans Package, namely the Electricity Directive (EU) NATURE OF THE BEST PRACTICE 2019/944 and the EU Green Deal. This practice is the This is a pilot project which is testing a high integration of RES in real world conditions promoted by the private company most selected adaptation option selected in the Graciólica with partners from the public and private sector. The Graciosa Hybrid Renewable Power Plant includes 1 MW of Soclimpact project for the energy sector. solar, 4.5 MW of wind power and 6 MW/3.2 MWh of energy storage system which are supplied to the local grid (serving nearly 4500 inhabitants), reducing the islands’ reliance on petroleum imports and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It also serves as a backup unit that replaces the need to have thermal generators running at all times. The project has been licensed since 2018 and is expected to run for the next 20 years. The investment cost was 22,5 M€ from which around 4.5 M€ RESPONSIBLE ORGANISATION where came from non-reimbursable grants. It aims to produce 65% from RES but it proved to able to run on 100%. The hybrid project was developed by Portuguese project company Graciolica Lda, whose majority shareholder is Denmark-based Recharge A/S https://www.linkedin.com/company/graciolica/about/ +INFO => SOCLIMPACT WEBSITE BACK BEST PRACTICE CONTEXT Mitigations efforts (Renewable energy system) Ratifications, plans, strategies, decrees, regulations The strategy is part of the “Clean Energy for EU islands” program of the European Union. This program is a contribution to the overall European climate and energy plans, taking into account the specific limitations of the islands. IMPACT/BENEFIT The expected benefits are: ESTRATEGIA MENORCA 2030 - 50% less CO2 emissions in 2030 (w.r.t. 1990) - Increased energy independence - Improved security of energy supply ISSUE/PROBLEM - Health benefits due to reduced fossil fuel pollution The issues and problems to be tackled in Menorca are: NATURE OF THE BEST PRACTICE • Energy dependence: the island depends strongly The best practice is a strategy with a main time horizon of 10 years, that includes regulatory and on fuel oil and diesel imports planning measures for achieving decarbonisation aims in most energy-related sectors by 2030: • Vulnerability to failures of power interconnections to other islands (Mallorca) o Power system (85% renewables share) o Land transport system (50% reduction of fossil fuel consumption w.r.t. 2013) • Health problems linked to pollutant emissions due o Thermal energy demand in the residential, service and industrial sectors (30% reduction of to fossil fuel consumption fossil fuel consumption w.r.t. 2013) o Primary sector (10% reduction of diesel consumption w.r.t. 2013) LESSONS LEARNED RESPONSIBLE ORGANISATION A multisectoral perspective contributes to accelerate energy transition. The European Commission is open to support downscaled initiatives at island level. Consell Insular de Menorca [email protected] http://www.cime.es/Contingut.aspx?IdPub=83040&IdDep=47 +INFO => SOCLIMPACT WEBSITE BACK BEST PRACTICE CONTEXT Mitigations efforts (Renewable energy system) This project, coordinated by ITC aimed at the integration of wind energy with hydrogen storage technologies, fuel cells and desalination by reverse osmosis, within the EC Fifth Framework Program. It was developed at two principal test sites: one in Greece and another in Spain (ITC premises, Gran Canaria, close to the Arinaga port). The direct application of the Spanish site project was a stand-alone system to provide continuous electricity and water from wind turbines for a remote community of 50 houses. This prototype installed at ITC facilities was designed to satisfy electricity and water needs of a theoretical isolated village. During the initial testing phase, the system was connected to the grid. The grid- connected system has been in operation since 2007 at ITC experimental premises. IMPACT/BENEFIT RES2H2 - CLUSTER PILOT PROJECT FOR This location is under the influence of the trade winds and is an excellent lab for testing RES systems. When electricity THE INTEGRATION OF RES INTO supply exceeds the theoretical demand, an alkaline electrolyser uses excess electricity to produce 1 kg of hydrogen per hour at 25 bar (5,500 Nm3 of storage) and the reverse osmosis plant also uses this excess electricity to produce a EUROPEAN ENERGY SECTORS THROUGH maximum of 110 m3 per day of desalinated water. When power from the wind turbine does not cover demand from the HYDROGEN electrical loads connected to the system, the stored hydrogen is used in six 5 kW PEM fuel cells to produce electricity. ISSUE/PROBLEM NATURE OF THE BEST PRACTICE The Canary Islands energy sector is characterized by a high dependence on fossil fuels. In this context, of the 4,900,683 toe of Hydrogen obtained from electrolysers powered by RES is an excellent solution for isolated islands which is not interconnected with the mainland. Moreover, H2 is an alternative/complementary energy vector to electricity, allowing the Primary Energy consumed in the Canary Islands in 2017, only 70,491 transport of renewable energy to other sites of the island in which the wind and solar potential is not enough, or the toe was produced with renewable energies. These statistics remained installation of wind farms or photovoltaic plants is not possible due to spatial restrictions. The project allowed to evaluate almost unchanged from 2011 to 2017. Nevertheless, 85 wind farms the technical, economic and environmental feasibility of this solution, and was an opportunity for its replication in other were authorized in 2018, allowing the installation of additional 184 islands. MW (out of which, 154 MW were installed in Gran Canaria). This action has produced a considerable increase in the coverage of The production of H2 based on RES during hours with excess of power capacity (low electricity prices), situations of electricity demand through renewable energies, going from values congestions in the grid or curtailments of the production, is a smart solution to provide clean H2 and to improve the close to 9% in 2017 to 16.8% in 2019. Due to this deployment, the integration of wind farms and photovoltaic plants in insular electrical systems (and especially for non-interconnected islands). Canary Islands are the non-interconnected archipelago with the highest ratios of variable RES in the energy mix worldwide. LESSONS LEARNED Islands are isolated territories and perfect laboratories to test RES technologies and processes before
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