DOCSLIB.ORG

The Foreign Service Journal, December 2006

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Foreign Service Journal, December 2006 WRITE FOR US! LIVING WITH IRAQ REMEMBERING CHARLIE BRAY SEMIANNUAL SCHOOLS SUPPLEMENT $3.50 / DECEMBER 2006 OREIGN ERVICE FJ O U R N A L S THE MAGAZINE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS PROFESSIONALS KEEPING THE LID ON Prospects for Peace in the Middle East CONTENTS December 2006 Volume 83, No. 12 F OCUS ON M IDDLE E AST P EACE F EATURES 21 / THE HOLY LAND: LIVING WITH IRAQ / 52 CAN PEACE BE RESCUED? Many Foreign Service personnel and family members have The U.S. could, if it wished, already experienced events that place them at high risk for break the impasse and help PTSD. It’s time to talk about the problem. Israelis and Palestinians By Beth Payne make peace. APPRECIATION / 56 By Philip C. Wilcox Jr. The Best Among Us: Charles W. Bray III, 1933-2006 27 / BITTERLEMONS.ORG By Shawn Dorman AND THE LEBANON WAR Launched in 2001 with U.S. S CHOOLS S UPPLEMENT assistance, an innovative project promotes joint, Web-based THE INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE PROGRAM / 85 Israeli-Palestinian dialogue. The IB is a challenging academic program with many By Yossi Alpher perks — for the right type of student. By Francesca Huemer Kelly 29 / HOLDING ISRAEL RESPONSIBLE Bitterlemons’ Palestinian co-editor offers his own perspective. SCHOOLS AT A GLANCE / 98, 102 By Ghassan Khitab Essential data on educational choices. 33 / U.S. POLICY AND THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT C OLUMNS D EPARTMENTS President Bush has not held Israel to account PRESIDENT’S VIEWS / 5 LETTERS / 7 for its failure to pursue peace with its neighbors. Foreign Assistance “Reform:” CYBERNOTES / 12 By Nadia Hijab The Short-Term Mentality Sets In By J. Anthony Holmes MARKETPLACE / 14 39 / THE IMPLICATIONS OF IRAQ FOR THE MIDDLE EAST AFSA NEWS / 59 The presumption of U.S. military superiority is under PEAKING UT S O / 14 BOOKS / 74 fire in Iraq. Even more important, the world may Immigration Policy for the IN MEMORY / 80 begin to doubt our leadership and reliability. 21st Century INDEX TO By Edward Walker By David Searby ADVERTISERS / 114 45 / TOWARD A NEW FOREIGN POLICY AGENDA LETTER FROM THE EDITOR / 19 Terrorism in the Middle East is not the cause of the By Steven Alan Honley violence we face, but the response to occupation by REFLECTIONS / 116 those too weak to use any other tactic. The Lucky Pole By Robert V. Keeley By Nicholas Rey THE MAGAZINE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS PROFESSIONALS OREIGN ERVICE Foreign Service Journal (ISSN 0146-3543), 2101 E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037-2990 is published J O U R N A L F S monthly with a combined July/August issue by the American Foreign Service Association, a private, non-profit Editorial Board Editor organization. Material appearing herein represents the opinions of the writers and does not necessarily represent STEVEN ALAN HONLEY TED WILKINSON, the views of the Journal, the Editorial Board or AFSA. Writer queries and submissions are invited, preferably by Senior Editor CHAIRMAN e-mail. Journal subscription: AFSA Members - $13 included in annual dues; others - $40. For foreign surface mail, SUSAN B. MAITRA add $18 per year; foreign airmail, $36 per year. Periodical postage paid at Washington, D.C., and at additional mail- Associate Editor KENT C. BROKENSHIRE SHAWN DORMAN ing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to Foreign Service Journal, 2101 E Street N.W., Washington, D.C. STEPHEN W. B UCK Ad & Circulation Manager 20037-2990. Indexed by Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS). The Journal is not responsible for unsolicited ED MILTENBERGER ANTHONY S. CHAN manuscripts, photos or illustrations. Advertising inquiries are invited. The appearance of advertisements herein Business Manager JOSH GLAZEROFF does not imply the endorsement of the services or goods offered. FAX: (202) 338-8244 or (202) 338-6820. ANDREW KIDD WILLIAM W. J ORDAN E-MAIL: [email protected]. WEB: www.afsa.org. TELEPHONE: (202) 338-4045. © American Foreign Service Art Director LAURIE KASSMAN CARYN SUKO SMITH Association, 2006. Printed in the U.S.A. Send address changes to AFSA Membership, 2101 E Street N.W., KAY WEBB MAYFIELD Editorial Intern Washington, D.C. 20037-2990. Printed on 50-percent recycled paper, of which 10 percent is post-consumer waste. CRYSTAL K. MERIWETHER LAMIYA RAHMAN Advertising Intern JOYCE NAMDE FLORIAN HEINHOLD CHRISTOPHER L. TEAL Cover and inside illustrations by Adam Niklewicz DECEMBER 2006/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 3 PRESIDENT’S VIEWS Foreign Assistance “Reform:” The Short-Term Mentality Sets In BY J. ANTHONY HOLMES The buzz is back. The idea standing thematic and regional tributing anti-retroviral drugs to AIDS that was so pervasive earlier this programs are reportedly being sufferers, it could be quite the opposite year, that the State Department relegated to the margins of via- with our larger programs and broader under Secretary Rice intends to bility. goals. take over USAID, has flared up A number of affected peo- Reducing our aid’s geographical and again despite adamant denials. ple have expressed alarm that thematic focus creates other problems, This time, though, the percep- the new USAID Administra- particularly on a strategic level in terms tion is that a merger by stealth is tor/Deputy Secretary, former of how to use aid to pursue overall U.S. already well advanced. pharmaceutical executive Randall Tob- interests. USAID was forced to shrink Reports of rock-bottom morale and ias, is trying to apply to the huge, com- to survive during the 1990s, when a con- rumors of a surge in voluntary retire- plex foreign aid structure the formula centrated, “invest-in-success” model ments reflect a growing perception of that worked relatively well for him, was also a reasonable development stra- huge shifts in power and control from albeit on a much smaller scale, as head tegy. However, this approach neglects overseas to Washington and from of PEPFAR, the White House initiative many challenges in a post-9/11 world, USAID to State. I’ve gotten the impres- to fight HIV/AIDS. PEPFAR’s hall- where we must find a way to engage sion that all our foreign assistance pro- marks include: the narrowest possible with precisely those countries to which fessionals think is missing is an official geographical and thematic focus to we give short shrift. The same is true, announcement that long-term develop- achieve immediate impact; maximum many believe, for our regional programs ment has now been supplanted as the control by headquarters, with limited and our initiatives on transnational agency’s overarching goal by short-term input on funding decisions from pros in threats like WMD proliferation and political considerations cloaked as the field; and a focus on ensuring mea- environmental degradation. “transformational diplomacy.” surable results even in the near term for The growing disquiet in State and The initial announcement early this use as PR and in budget battles. USAID is striking in that consciousness year that the new USAID Administrator But what works in the fight against of these profound changes has been would concurrently be the Deputy HIV/AIDS, some veterans believe, is such a creeping phenomenon, slowly Secretary of State for Foreign Assistan- not an appropriate approach to the sinking in without frank discussion, ce generated major heartburn among complex, interrelated issues and pro- debate, or intellectual buy-in by the USAID staff but little reaction at the cesses of economic and social develop- major stakeholders involved. Most of State Department. Aggressive efforts to ment. They want flexibility in the field the large and diverse U.S. development assuage those concerns focused on com- to be able to respond quickly to changes community doesn’t have a clue. While ing reforms in the allocation process and on the ground. They fear a zealous pur- some briefings on Capitol Hill have potential benefits from streamlining suit of demonstrable results — an inher- taken place, I understand, invitations multiple pots of our aid funds. But now, ently short-term focus — will be the tail were limited and the focus was on eight months into the effort, people that wags the dog, reordering priorities, process not substance. After the mid- have seen enough detail about the damping creativity and risk-taking, and term elections, of course, there will soon process, and learned of major funding dictating a supply rather than demand- be new individuals in key positions cuts and reallocations, that the decibel driven dynamic between the U.S. and and a different approach to oversight. level of concern has skyrocketed. This its aid recipient partners. The need for Perhaps this would be a good time to applies within State as well, where long- “local ownership” has become an article initiate an all-parties review of the of faith in development. While that may new paradigm so that the necessary J. Anthony Holmes is the president of the converge completely with Washington’s support here at home is achieved in American Foreign Service Association. political agenda when it comes to dis- advance. I DECEMBER 2006/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 5 LETTERS Public Diplomacy Congress for U/S Hughes’ strategic Editor’s Note: We welcome the & Career FSOs ability and leadership has led direct- four officers’ testimonial to the work We read with surprise in your Oc- ly to increases in funding for educa- Karen Hughes is doing as under sec- tober issue (“Damage Control: Karen tional and cultural exchanges. She retary for public diplomacy — most Hughes Does PD”) that Under Secre- has pioneered new information out- points of which, in fact, appear in the tary Karen Hughes has supposedly not reach support like the Rapid Res- Zeller article — and for their first- recruited experienced Foreign and ponse Unit and overseas regional hand account of her aims and goals.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Women in Islamic Societies: a Selected Review of Social Scientific Literature
    WOMEN IN ISLAMIC SOCIETIES: A SELECTED REVIEW OF SOCIAL SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE A Report Prepared by the Federal Research Division, Library of Congress under an Interagency Agreement with the Office of the Director of National Intelligence/National Intelligence Council (ODNI/ADDNIA/NIC) and Central Intelligence Agency/Directorate of Science & Technology November 2005 Author: Priscilla Offenhauer Project Manager: Alice Buchalter Federal Research Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 205404840 Tel: 2027073900 Fax:202 707 3920 E-Mail: [email protected] Homepage: http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd 57 Years of Service to the Federal Government 1948 – 2005 Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Women in Islamic Societies PREFACE Half a billion Muslim women inhabit some 45 Muslim-majority countries, and another 30 or more countries have significant Muslim minorities, including, increasingly, countries in the developed West. This study provides a literature review of recent empirical social science scholarship that addresses the actualities of women’s lives in Muslim societies across multiple geographic regions. The study seeks simultaneously to orient the reader in the available social scientific literature on the major dimensions of women’s lives and to present analyses of empirical findings that emerge from these bodies of literature. Because the scholarly literature on Muslim women has grown voluminous in the past two decades, this study is necessarily selective in its coverage. It highlights major works and representative studies in each of several subject areas and alerts the reader to additional significant research in lengthy footnotes. In order to handle a literature that has grown voluminous in the past two decades, the study includes an “Introduction” and a section on “The Scholarship on Women in Islamic Societies” that offer general observationsbird’s eye viewsof the literature as a whole.
    [Show full text]
  • The London School of Economics and Political Science The
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by LSE Theses Online The London School of Economics and Political Science The Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions Movement: Activism Across Borders for Palestinian Justice Suzanne Morrison A thesis submitted to the Department of Government of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, October 2015 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 75,359 words. 2 Abstract On 7 July 2005, a global call for Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) was declared to people around the world to enact boycott initiatives and pressure their respective governments to sanction Israel until it complies with international law and respects universal principles of human rights. The call was endorsed by over 170 Palestinian associations, trade unions, non-governmental organizations, charities, and other Palestinian groups. The call mentioned how broad BDS campaigns were utilized in the South African struggle against apartheid, and how these efforts served as an inspiration to those seeking justice for Palestinians.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil Marriage in Lebanon
    Empowering Women or Dislodging Sectarianism?: Civil Marriage in Lebanon Sherifa Zuhurt In this article, I reflect on the proposed Lebanese civil marriage law, which initiated a political crisis in Lebanon in March of 1998 and was followed by an indefinite shelving of that proposed law. Many Westerners assume that women in today's Middle East passively submit to extreme male chauvinism and glaring legal inequalities. In fact, Middle Eastern women have been actively engaged in a quest for empowerment and equity through legal, educational, political, and workplace reforms for many decades, and through publication of their writings in some countries for over a century. Although women's rights were at stake in the proposed law, it is curious that many failed to perceive the connection between legal reform and women's empowerment. Those who understand this linkage only too well are the most frequent opponents of such legal reform, arguing that it will destroy the very fabric of society and its existing religious and social divisions. First, I will provide some information on the history of sectarianism (known as ta'ifzyya in Arabic) in Lebanon. The drama surrounding the proposed bill's debut will be followed by information on women's politically and socially transitional status in the country. I relate women's status to their inability to lobby effectively for such a reform. I will allude to similar or related regional reforms in the area of personal status in order to challenge the idea of Lebanon's exceptionalism. I then explore the politicized nature of the t Sherifa Zuhur holds a Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Farming Palestine for Freedom
    Samer Abdelnour, Alaa Tartir and Rami Zurayk Farming Palestine for freedom Discussion paper [or working paper, etc.] Original citation: Abdelnour, Samer, Tartir, Alaa and Zurayk, Rami (2012) Farming Palestine for freedom. Policy brief, Al-Shabaka, Washington D.C. This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/50329/ Originally available from Al-Shabaka Available in LSE Research Online: May 2013 © 2012 The Author LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. [email protected] www.al-shabaka.org al-shabaka policy brief FARMING PALESTINE FOR FREEDOM By Samer Abdelnour, Alaa Tartir, and Rami Zurayk July 2012 Overview For Palestinians, agriculture is more than a source of income or an economic category in budgets and plans. It is tied to the people’s history, identity, and self-expression, and drives the struggle against Israel’s Separation Wall. In this brief, Lebanese activist, author, and agronomist Rami Zurayk joins Al-Shabaka Policy Advisors Samer Abdelnour and Alaa Tartir to tackle the almost spiritual significance of the land to the Palestinians and the deliberate Israeli efforts to break the link between farmers and their crops.
    [Show full text]
  • Categories in One Old-Fashioned PDF
    Updated 1 October 2020 Full bibliography of titles & categories in one old-fashioned PDF. Categories History Today ~ Older History ~ Culture ~ Fiction ~ Poetry ~ Biography Christian Palestinians ~ LGBT Welcome to a bibliography of the most significant books on the Palestinian struggle. The site takes its inspiration from British Writers in Support of Palestine (www.bwisp.wordpress.com), co-ordinated by the novelist-poet Naomi Foyle. Your compiler was a curator at The British Library for twenty years and the titles included here have been confirmed by held copies at the BL, various university libraries, and from online booksellers. Printed bibliographies at the back of books sometimes misspell author’s names so I’ve made an effort to correct them by using the official catalogue records, which do have human errors but are more reliable than any author, book indexer, or publisher. SEARCHING : These are splayed out into several categories, to make it easier for browsing, what people used to do in physical libraries. So, if you don’t find quite what you want in one list, check another one. PALESTINIAN BOOKS’ listings are not intended to be complete, and could never be. The poetry strand is admittedly a weak one for your editor. A very few “Liberal Zionist” works are included, but these are not emphasised here. The Christian movement for Palestinian rights is, hopefully, well-represented, but Christian Zionists will have to look elsewhere. Uncredited comments about individual titles are mine, otherwise they’re credited to an author, critic, or source publication. NOTHING, nothing at all is for sale on this site, and listings do not indicate my endorsement, only significance in the long canon of Palestinian titles.
    [Show full text]
  • Women in Islamic Societies: a Selected Review of Social Scientific Literature
    WOMEN IN ISLAMIC SOCIETIES: A SELECTED REVIEW OF SOCIAL SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE A Report Prepared by the Federal Research Division, Library of Congress under an Interagency Agreement with the Office of the Director of National Intelligence/National Intelligence Council (ODNI/ADDNIA/NIC) and Central Intelligence Agency/Directorate of Science & Technology November 2005 Author: Priscilla Offenhauer Project Manager: Alice Buchalter Federal Research Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540−4840 Tel: 202−707−3900 Fax:202 −707 − 3920 E-Mail: [email protected] Homepage: http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd p 57 Years of Service to the Federal Government p 1948 – 2005 Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Women in Islamic Societies PREFACE Half a billion Muslim women inhabit some 45 Muslim-majority countries, and another 30 or more countries have significant Muslim minorities, including, increasingly, countries in the developed West. This study provides a literature review of recent empirical social science scholarship that addresses the actualities of women’s lives in Muslim societies across multiple geographic regions. The study seeks simultaneously to orient the reader in the available social scientific literature on the major dimensions of women’s lives and to present analyses of empirical findings that emerge from these bodies of literature. Because the scholarly literature on Muslim women has grown voluminous in the past two decades, this study is necessarily selective in its coverage. It highlights major works and representative studies in each of several subject areas and alerts the reader to additional significant research in lengthy footnotes. In order to handle a literature that has grown voluminous in the past two decades, the study includes an “Introduction” and a section on “The Scholarship on Women in Islamic Societies” that offer general observations⎯bird’s eye views⎯of the literature as a whole.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographic & Demographic Imperatives
    Diplomats, politicians and activists alike have long laboured under the assumption that a two-state solution is the only path to peace between the Israelis and the Palestinians. But as this goal has not come to fruition, and the ever-elusive scepter of peace slips further from reach, violence and instability deepen. This book discusses another - until recently unthinkable - option: a single bi-national state in Israel-Palestine, with all inhabitants sharing in equal rights and citizenship, regardless of ethnicity or faith. It is the first rigorous exploration of this innovative and controversial alternative that has entered the discourse surrounding the peace process. With scholars from both sides of the conflict analysing the possibility of a one-state solution and the shortcomings of the two-state track, this is an important and ground-breaking book for students of Politics, International Relations, Peace Studies and Middle East Studies and all interested in the resolution of this intractable conflict. Contributors include Salman Abu Sitta, Omar Barghouti, Nadia Hijab, Gharda Karmi, Ilan Pappe, Gabriel Piterberg, Virginia Tilley and Husam Zomlot. Publisher: I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd Series: Library of Modern Middle East Studies Hardback ISBN: 9781780760940 1 CHAPTER ELEVEN The Geographic and Demographic Imperatives of the Palestinian Refugees’ Return Salman H. Abu Sitta The history of the Zionist-Palestinian conflict is full of landmarks. To name a few, the 1897 founding in Basle, Switzerland, of the World Zionist organization which set the stage for the ongoing conflict, the 1948 declaration of the establishment of Israel in Palestine, and the war of June 1967 which resulted in the Israeli occupation of the whole of Palestine.
    [Show full text]
  • JPS183 05 Anziska 57..74
    Neither Two States nor One: The Palestine Question in the Age of Trump SETH ANZISKA In the opening weeks of his administration, President Donald Trump overturned a longstanding U.S. commitment to territorial partition and a two-state model for resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu seized the opportunity to demand “overriding security control over the entire area west of the Jordan River” while exploring regional approaches that bypass the Palestinians. At the same time, a host of Israeli politicians are reviving older models such as limited autonomy without political sovereignty and partial territorial annexation, or advocating for other forms of separation with Israel’s continued control. The resulting middle ground—neither two states nor one—poses a great risk to Palestinian self-determination. By situating recent developments in a broader historical context going back to the autonomy plan of Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin, this essay provides an overview of a shifting political discourse and examines the consequences for the fate of the Palestinians today. Netanyahu’s Art of the Deal IN ONE OF THE MOST revealing moments during the joint White House press conference between President Donald Trump and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on 15 February 2017, a reporter asked the U.S. president if he was “ready to give up the notion of [the] two-state solution.” Would he be willing “to hear different ideas” from Israel’s premier, such as “annex[ing] . parts of the West Bank and unrestricted settlement construction?” Dispensing with decades of official U.S. policy on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Trump responded like a carnival barker presiding over the stately East Room.
    [Show full text]
  • Contemporary Muslim Women's Voices
    Issue 2017 6 5 Contemporary Muslim Women’s Voices Edited by Prof. Dr. Beate Neumeier ISSN 1613-1878 Editor About Prof. Dr. Beate Neumeier Gender forum is an online, peer reviewed academic University of Cologne journal dedicated to the discussion of gender issues. As English Department an electronic journal, gender forum offers a free-of- Albertus-Magnus-Platz charge platform for the discussion of gender-related D-50923 Köln/Cologne topics in the fields of literary and cultural production, Germany media and the arts as well as politics, the natural sciences, medicine, the law, religion and philosophy. Tel +49-(0)221-470 2284 Inaugurated by Prof. Dr. Beate Neumeier in 2002, the Fax +49-(0)221-470 6725 quarterly issues of the journal have focused on a email: [email protected] multitude of questions from different theoretical perspectives of feminist criticism, queer theory, and masculinity studies. gender forum also includes reviews Editorial Office and occasionally interviews, fictional pieces and poetry Laura-Marie Schnitzler, MA with a gender studies angle. Sarah Youssef, MA Christian Zeitz (General Assistant, Reviews) Opinions expressed in articles published in gender forum are those of individual authors and not necessarily Tel.: +49-(0)221-470 3030/3035 endorsed by the editors of gender forum. email: [email protected] Submissions Editorial Board Target articles should conform to current MLA Style (8th Prof. Dr. Mita Banerjee, edition) and should be between 5,000 and 8,000 words in Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (Germany) length. Please make sure to number your paragraphs Prof. Dr. Nilufer E.
    [Show full text]
  • Farming Palestine for Freedom
    [email protected] www.al-shabaka.org al-shabaka policy brief FARMING PALESTINE FOR FREEDOM By Samer Abdelnour, Alaa Tartir, and Rami Zurayk July 2012 Overview For Palestinians, agriculture is more than a source of income or an economic category in budgets and plans. It is tied to the people’s history, identity, and self-expression, and drives the struggle against Israel’s Separation Wall. In this brief, Lebanese activist, author, and agronomist Rami Zurayk joins Al-Shabaka Policy Advisors Samer Abdelnour and Alaa Tartir to tackle the almost spiritual significance of the land to the Palestinians and the deliberate Israeli efforts to break the link between farmers and their crops. They also discuss the Palestinian Authority’s terrible neglect of the agricultural sector and the destructiveness of some donor aid.1 The authors argue that farming is a productive, meaningful, and multi-dimensional form of popular resistance through which Palestinians can demonstrate – to themselves and the world – the urgent need to reclaim lands, livelihoods, and freedom. The Culture of Land The value of the land underlies much Palestinian poetry and literature, including the work of Tawfiq Zayyad, Mahmoud Darwish and Ghassan Kanafani. For example, in Mahmoud Darwish’s powerful words, And on our eyelashes the grass of Galilee, This land absorbs the skins of martyrs, This land promises wheat and stars. More recently, Suheir Hammad’s poem Land depicts the love of a farmer as a slow, nurturing, humanizing emotion that intimately connects soil to passion. Staples such as olives, za’atar, figs and date palms are deeply rooted in the culture and history of the land.
    [Show full text]
  • Is the Motherist Approach More Helpful in Obtaining Women's Rights Than a Feminist Approach? a Comparative Study of Lebanon and Liberia
    Wright State University CORE Scholar Browse all Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2013 Is the Motherist Approach More Helpful in Obtaining Women's Rights than a Feminist Approach? A Comparative Study of Lebanon and Liberia Crystal Marie Whetstone Wright State University Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all Part of the International Relations Commons Repository Citation Whetstone, Crystal Marie, "Is the Motherist Approach More Helpful in Obtaining Women's Rights than a Feminist Approach? A Comparative Study of Lebanon and Liberia" (2013). Browse all Theses and Dissertations. 785. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all/785 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Browse all Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IS THE MOTHERIST APPROACH MORE HELPFUL IN OBTAINING WOMEN’S RIGHTS THAN A FEMINIST APPROACH? A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LEBANON AND LIBERIA A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts By CRYSTAL MARIE WHETSTONE B.A., International Studies, Wright State University, 2007 2013 Wright State University WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL April 25, 2013 I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Crystal Whetstone ENTITLED Is the Motherist Approach More Helpful in Obtaining Women’s Rights than a Feminist Approach? A Comparative Study of Lebanon and Liberia BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Arts.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized THE STATUS AND PROGRESS of WOMEN in the Middle East and North Africa World Bank Middle East and North Africa Social & Economic Development Group June 2005 ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS AFCARE l’Association des Femmes Cadres CAS Country Assistance Strategy CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women CGA Country Gender Assessment ERfKE Education Reform for the Knowledge Economy program FGM Female Genital Mutilation GCC Gulf Cooperation Council HRW Human Rights Watch ILO International Labor Organization JNCW Jordanian National Commission for Women MDG Millennium Development Goals MENA Middle East and North Africa NCLW National Commission for Lebanese Women NCW National Council for Women NGO Non-Governmental Organization PLC Palestinian Legislative Council PPP Purchasing Power Parity PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy paper SME Small and Medium-sized Enterprise STI Sexually Transmitted Infections UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS UNDESA United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs UNDP United Nations Development Programme UN/ESCWA United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNICEF United Nations Fund for Children UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women UNRWA United Nations Relief and Work Agency WDI World Development Indicators WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization WNC Women’s National Committee 2 Table
    [Show full text]