DOCSLIB.ORG

Interspecific and Intraspecific Spatial Separation by Birds Breeding in Nest Boxes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Interspecific and Intraspecific Spatial Separation by Birds Breeding in Nest Boxes VOLUME 12, ISSUE 2, ARTICLE 1 Deeming, D. C., L. E. Biddle, and C. R. Du Feu. 2017. Interspecific and intraspecific spatial separation by birds breeding in nest boxes. Avian Conservation and Ecology 12(2):1. https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-01026-120201 Copyright © 2017 by the author(s). Published here under license by the Resilience Alliance. Research Paper Interspecific and intraspecific spatial separation by birds breeding in nest boxes Denis C. Deeming 1, Lucia E. Biddle 1 and Christopher R. du Feu 2 1University of Lincoln, 2Treswell Wood Ringers Group ABSTRACT. Nest boxes can be seen as a conservation tool for improving low-grade nesting habitat but it is unclear how sympatric species using boxes establish a spatial distribution relative to conspecifics and heterospecifics. This study determined the distances between nest boxes occupied by Blue Tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) and Great Tits (Parus major) in two British woodlands to ascertain whether spatial distribution was affected by species and, if it was, whether there were reproductive consequences of this breeding distribution. Occupancy of nest boxes at two woodland sites were recorded on an annual basis between 2010 and 2014, inclusive. Distances between nest boxes, and reproductive activity, were recorded. Even if nest boxes showed a clumped distribution in the woodlands, the occupancy of the boxes was random. Not all boxes were used and the minimum distance between occupied boxes was at least twice the distance between boxes in general. Blue Tits tended to have greater distances between boxes containing conspecifics but distances between boxes containing heterospecifics were generally of comparable lengths. Reproductive output was only affected in relation to clutch size for Blue Tits nesting at one site. Nest boxes that aim to improve habitats that lack suitable nesting sites should be placed to reflect actual dispersal distances of the focal bird species. Séparation spatiale interspécifique et intraspécifique d'oiseaux nichant dans des nichoirs RÉSUMÉ. Les nichoirs peuvent être considérés comme des outils de conservation pour améliorer les milieux de nidification de mauvaise qualité, mais on ne sait pas comment les espèces sympatriques utilisant les nichoirs établissent une répartition spatiale relativement aux individus conspécifiques et hétérospécifiques. La présente étude avait pour but de déterminer les distances entre les nichoirs occupés par les Mésanges bleues (Cyanistes caeruleus) et les Mésanges charbonnières (Parus major) dans deux boisés britanniques afin de vérifier si la répartition spatiale était influencée par les espèces et, le cas échéant, s'il y avait des conséquences sur le plan reproductif de cette répartition de nidification. L'occupation des nichoirs à deux sites boisés a été colligée annuellement de 2010 à 2014 inclusivement. La distance entre les nichoirs et l'activité reproductrice ont été notées. Même si les nichoirs montraient une répartition groupée dans les boisés, leur occupation était aléatoire. Tous les nichoirs n'étaient pas occupés et la distance minimale entre deux nichoirs occupés était au moins le double de celle entre les nichoirs en général. Chez la Mésange bleue, les distances entre les nichoirs occupés par des individus conspécifiques étaient plus grandes, mais les distances entre les nichoirs occupés par des individus hétérospécifiques étaient généralement de longueurs comparables. La seule composante affectée du succès reproducteur était la taille de ponte de la Mésange bleue nichant à un site. Les nichoirs dont l'objectif est d'améliorer l'habitat là où il manque de sites de nidification propices devraient être installés pour refléter les distances de dispersion réelles des espèces d'oiseaux ciblées. Key Words: Blue Tit; Great Tit; nearest neighbor distances; nest box; reproductive success INTRODUCTION sites in many woodland locations (Newton 1994, Camprodon et Provision of nest boxes is a conservation measure by which al. 2008, Mazgajski 2009, Cockle et al. 2011). Artificial provision habitats can be made attractive to species for breeding (Mänd et of nest boxes may allow species to breed in habitats that may be al. 2005, Sánchez et al. 2007, Lima and Garcia 2016). For instance, suitable for various ecological reasons, such as suitable foraging forestry management often removes dead or decaying trees, which opportunities, but lack appropriate natural nest sites (Newton can develop natural cavities, or provide sites for cavity excavation 1994, Sánchez et al. 2007). Provision of nest boxes can allow an by species such as woodpeckers (Picidae; Remm et al. 2006, increase in breeding density in some, but not all, habitats (Mänd Sánchez et al. 2007). The absence of large diameter trees can also et al. 2005, Camprodon et al. 2008). However, provision of nest limit availability of natural cavities (Camprodon et al. 2008). boxes can also lead to an ecological trap because birds may be These serve as nest sites for secondary cavity-nesting species, i.e. “tied” to breeding in a suboptimal habitat (Mänd et al. 2005, Klein species that utilize existing holes rather than excavating their own, et al. 2007, Rodríguez et al. 2011). although holes created by woodpeckers or other primary cavity In Europe, foraging competition between Eurasian Blue Tits excavators can be durable but eventually the wood can decay and (Cyanistes caeruleus; hereafter Blue Tits) and Great Tits (Parus the cavity is lost (Cockle et al. 2011). Hence, for natural and major) in woodland habitats can be minimized by use of different human-induced reasons there can be a shortage of suitable nest parts of the habitat (Colquhoun and Morley 1943). However, use Address of Correspondent: Denis C. Deeming, School Of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln , United Kingdom, LN6 7DL, [email protected] Avian Conservation and Ecology 12(2): 1 http://www.ace-eco.org/vol12/iss2/art1/ of cavities for nesting can depend on the availability of suitable METHODS natural or primary excavator cavities (Newton 1994, Camprodon et al. 2008, Mazgajski 2009, Cockle et al. 2011). If such sites are Locations few in number in any particular location then artificial boxes may Riseholme Park campus, University of Lincoln (53°16′N, 0°31′ offer a suitable nest cavity and allow breeding (Sánchez et al. 2007, W) has eight small interconnected areas of mainly deciduous Camprodon et al. 2008, Lima and Garcia 2016). The locations of woodland (ranging from 0.6 to 5.8 ha adding to a total of 16 ha) a population of nest boxes are chosen by humans, which may not and dominated by beech (Fagus sylvatica), ash (Fraxinus reflect the most appropriate habitat for the different species of excelsior), and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) surrounded by birds (Mänd et al. 2005, Milligan and Dickinson 2016). arable farmland (Britt and Deeming 2011, Deeming 2013). Given that both Blue Tits and Great Tits are sympatric the Between 70 and 80 nest boxes (mainly with base dimensions of question arises of whether intraspecific or interspecific 115 mm × 140 mm and minimum height of 155 mm, although competition determines the spatial separation of breeding birds around 10% were larger in base area) were available during 2010 within nest boxes provided within the habitat. Nest box occupancy to 2014 for Blue Tits and Great Tits to use (range of densities = shows a positive correlation with breeding bird density in both 4.25-5.00 boxes per ha; Table 1). Boxes were typically positioned Blue and Great Tits (Minot and Perrins 1986). In Great Tits on the north sides of trees at a height of 1.5–1.8 m from the distances between boxes were affected by bird density: lower ground. The number of boxes varied slightly between years density increased the distances between nest boxes containing because of damage and loss of boxes and addition of boxes. conspecifics (Krebs 1971). However, Green (1979) argued that Placement of boxes allowed provision of potential nesting sites although intraspecific interference was significant for both Blue over most of the woodland. Nest boxes were monitored on a Tits and Great Tits, if interspecific interference occurred then it weekly basis during each breeding season to record the presence would be relatively small. of a nest, the species concerned, and the reproductive output from the nest (clutch size, brood size, and number of fledged nestlings). From a conservation perspective the number of nest boxes will Most boxes were occupied each year by Great Tits or Blue Tits determine how widely they are dispersed within the available but one or two boxes a year were occupied by Winter Wren habitat, especially if they are placed to achieve maximum coverage (Troglodytes troglodytes), Coal Tit (Poecile ater), European Robin through the available area. Be it a box, or a tree hole, the birds (Erithacus rubecula), or Eurasian Treecreeper (Certhia familiaris; are unable to move the location of a cavity. Whether any cavity is for exact numbers see Table 1). occupied may depend on where it lies adjacent to any breeding territory if there is a need to minimize intraspecific interference Treswell Wood, near Retford, Nottinghamshire, UK (53°18′N, 0° (Gosler 1993). Building and locating nest boxes is not without 51′W) is a Nottinghamshire Wildlife Trust reserve of 47 ha of cost and so conservation schemes might be more cost-effective if mixed woodland dominated by ash with hazel (Corylus avellana) there is efficient placement of boxes. Nest boxes are often provided and surrounded by farmland (Deeming and du Feu 2011, in excess because rarely are all boxes occupied (e.g., Mänd et al. MacColl et al. 2014). The number of boxes varied from 173 to 2005) but it is unclear whether this reflects the carrying capacity 204 over the time period studied (range of densities = 3.68-4.34 of the habitat or the suitability of location for nest boxes. No boxes per hectare; Table 1); they varied in style from standard nest studies have yet investigated whether the numbers and boxes through to custom built cavities excavated out of tree distribution of nest boxes could be better managed to maximize stumps (du Feu 2003).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Birds of the Phoenix Park, County Dublin: Results of a Repeat Breeding Bird Survey in 2015
    The Birds of the Phoenix Park, County Dublin: Results of a Repeat Breeding Bird Survey in 2015 Prepared by Lesley Lewis, Dick Coombes & Olivia Crowe A report commissioned by the Office of Public Works and prepared by BirdWatch Ireland September 2015 Address for correspondence: BirdWatch Ireland, Unit 20 Block D Bullford Business Campus, Kilcoole, Co. Wicklow. Phone: + 353 1 2819878 Email: [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 9 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 10 Methods ....................................................................................................................................................... 10 Survey design ...................................................................................................................................... 10 Field methods ..................................................................................................................................... 11 Data analysis & interpretation ........................................................................................................... 12 Results .......................................................................................................................................................... 12 Species diversity and abundance
    [Show full text]
  • Hungary & Transylvania
    Although we had many exciting birds, the ‘Bird of the trip’ was Wallcreeper in 2015. (János Oláh) HUNGARY & TRANSYLVANIA 14 – 23 MAY 2015 LEADER: JÁNOS OLÁH Central and Eastern Europe has a great variety of bird species including lots of special ones but at the same time also offers a fantastic variety of different habitats and scenery as well as the long and exciting history of the area. Birdquest has operated tours to Hungary since 1991, being one of the few pioneers to enter the eastern block. The tour itinerary has been changed a few times but nowadays the combination of Hungary and Transylvania seems to be a settled and well established one and offers an amazing list of European birds. This tour is a very good introduction to birders visiting Europe for the first time but also offers some difficult-to-see birds for those who birded the continent before. We had several tour highlights on this recent tour but certainly the displaying Great Bustards, a majestic pair of Eastern Imperial Eagle, the mighty Saker, the handsome Red-footed Falcon, a hunting Peregrine, the shy Capercaillie, the elusive Little Crake and Corncrake, the enigmatic Ural Owl, the declining White-backed Woodpecker, the skulking River and Barred Warblers, a rare Sombre Tit, which was a write-in, the fluty Red-breasted and Collared Flycatchers and the stunning Wallcreeper will be long remembered. We recorded a total of 214 species on this short tour, which is a respectable tally for Europe. Amongst these we had 18 species of raptors, 6 species of owls, 9 species of woodpeckers and 15 species of warblers seen! Our mammal highlight was undoubtedly the superb views of Carpathian Brown Bears of which we saw ten on a single afternoon! 1 BirdQuest Tour Report: Hungary & Transylvania 2015 www.birdquest-tours.com We also had a nice overview of the different habitats of a Carpathian transect from the Great Hungarian Plain through the deciduous woodlands of the Carpathian foothills to the higher conifer-covered mountains.
    [Show full text]
  • Colorado Birds the Colorado Field Ornithologists’ Quarterly
    Vol. 50 No. 4 Fall 2016 Colorado Birds The Colorado Field Ornithologists’ Quarterly Stealthy Streptopelias The Hungry Bird—Sun Spiders Separating Brown Creepers Colorado Field Ornithologists PO Box 929, Indian Hills, Colorado 80454 cfobirds.org Colorado Birds (USPS 0446-190) (ISSN 1094-0030) is published quarterly by the Col- orado Field Ornithologists, P.O. Box 929, Indian Hills, CO 80454. Subscriptions are obtained through annual membership dues. Nonprofit postage paid at Louisville, CO. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Colorado Birds, P.O. Box 929, Indian Hills, CO 80454. Officers and Directors of Colorado Field Ornithologists: Dates indicate end of cur- rent term. An asterisk indicates eligibility for re-election. Terms expire at the annual convention. Officers: President: Doug Faulkner, Arvada, 2017*, [email protected]; Vice Presi- dent: David Gillilan, Littleton, 2017*, [email protected]; Secretary: Chris Owens, Longmont, 2017*, [email protected]; Treasurer: Michael Kiessig, Indian Hills, 2017*, [email protected] Directors: Christy Carello, Golden, 2019; Amber Carver, Littleton, 2018*; Lisa Ed- wards, Palmer Lake, 2017; Ted Floyd, Lafayette, 2017; Gloria Nikolai, Colorado Springs, 2018*; Christian Nunes, Longmont, 2019 Colorado Bird Records Committee: Dates indicate end of current term. An asterisk indicates eligibility to serve another term. Terms expire 12/31. Chair: Mark Peterson, Colorado Springs, 2018*, [email protected] Committee Members: John Drummond, Colorado Springs, 2016; Peter Gent, Boul- der, 2017*; Tony Leukering, Largo, Florida, 2018; Dan Maynard, Denver, 2017*; Bill Schmoker, Longmont, 2016; Kathy Mihm Dunning, Denver, 2018* Past Committee Member: Bill Maynard Colorado Birds Quarterly: Editor: Scott W. Gillihan, [email protected] Staff: Christy Carello, science editor, [email protected]; Debbie Marshall, design and layout, [email protected] Annual Membership Dues (renewable quarterly): General $25; Youth (under 18) $12; Institution $30.
    [Show full text]
  • Thailand Highlights March 9–28, 2019
    THAILAND HIGHLIGHTS MARCH 9–28, 2019 Gray Peacock-Pheasant LEADER: DION HOBCROFT LIST COMPILED BY: DION HOBCROFT VICTOR EMANUEL NATURE TOURS, INC. 2525 WALLINGWOOD DRIVE, SUITE 1003 AUSTIN, TEXAS 78746 WWW.VENTBIRD.COM By Dion Hobcroft The stunning male Blue Pitta that came in to one of the wildlife viewing hides at Kaeng Krachan. We returned to the “Land of Smiles” for our annual and as expected very successful tour in what is undoubtedly the most diverse and comfortable country for birding in Southeast Asia. Thailand is fabulous. Up early as is typical, we went to the recently sold off Muang Boran fish ponds—now sadly being drained and filled in. The one surviving pond was still amazing, as we enjoyed great looks at Pallas’s Grasshopper Warbler, Baillon’s Crake, a winter-plumaged Watercock, Black-headed Kingfisher, and a handful of Asian Golden Weavers, although only one male fully colored up. Nearby Bang Poo was packed to the gills with shorebirds, gulls, and fish-eating waterbirds. Amongst the highlights here were Painted Storks, breeding plumaged Greater and Lesser sand-plovers, hundreds of Brown-headed Gulls, primordial Mudskippers, and even more ancient: a mating pair of Siamese Horseshoe Crabs! Beverly spotted the elusive Tiger Shrike coming in to bathe at a sprinkler. A midday stroll around the ruins of the ancient capital of Ayutthya also offered some good birds with Small Minivets, a Eurasian Hoopoe feeding three chicks, and a glowing Coppersmith Barbet creating some “oohs and aahs” from first time Oriental birders, and rightly so. One last stop at a Buddhist temple in limestone hills in Saraburi revealed the Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 2 Thailand Highlights, 2019 highly localized Limestone Wren-Babbler; they were quite timid this year, although finally settled for good looks.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Fragmented Habitat-Patch Use in an Urban Breeding Passerine, the Short-Toed Treecreeper
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Multiple fragmented habitat-patch use in an urban breeding passerine, the Short-toed Treecreeper Katherine R. S. SnellID*, Rie B. E. Jensen, Troels E. Ortvad, Mikkel Willemoes, Kasper Thorup Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract Individual responses of wild birds to fragmented habitat have rarely been studied, despite large-scale habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss resulting from widespread urbanisa- tion. We investigated the spatial ecology of the Short-toed Treecreeper Certhia brachydac- OPEN ACCESS tyla, a tiny, resident, woodland passerine that has recently colonised city parks at the Citation: Snell KRS, Jensen RBE, Ortvad TE, northern extent of its range. High resolution spatiotemporal movements of this obligate tree- Willemoes M, Thorup K (2020) Multiple living species were determined using radio telemetry within the urbanized matrix of city fragmented habitat-patch use in an urban breeding passerine, the Short-toed Treecreeper. PLoS ONE parks in Copenhagen, Denmark. We identified regular edge crossing behaviour, novel in 15(1): e0227731. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. woodland birds. While low numbers of individuals precluded a comprehensive characterisa- pone.0227731 tion of home range for this population, we were able to describe a consistent behaviour Editor: Jorge RamoÂn LoÂpez-Olvera, Universitat which has consequences for our understanding of animal movement in urban ecosystems. Autònoma de Barcelona, SPAIN We report that treecreepers move freely, and apparently do so regularly, between isolated Received: July 10, 2019 habitat patches. This behaviour is a possible driver of the range expansion in this species Accepted: December 29, 2019 and may contribute to rapid dispersal capabilities in certain avian species, including Short- toed Treecreepers, into northern Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematic Notes on Asian Birds. 65 a Preliminary Review of the Certhiidae 1
    Systematic notes on Asian birds. 65 A preliminary review of the Certhiidae 1 J. Martens & D.T. Tietze Martens, J. & D. T. Tietze. Systematic notes on Asian birds. 65. A preliminary review of the Certhiidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 80-5 (17), 21.xii.2006: 273-286.— ISSN 0024-0672. Jochen Martens, Institut für Zoologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. (e-mail: [email protected]). Dieter Thomas Tietze, Institut für Zoologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Ger- many. (e-mail: [email protected]). Key words: Certhiidae; species limits; systematics; taxonomy; First Reviser; eastern Palaearctic region; Indomalayan region; morphology; bioacoustics; molecular genetics. Recent proposed taxonomic changes in the Certhiidae are reviewed within the geographic scope of this series and their reliability is discussed in terms of the Biological Species Concept, with respect to sec- ondary contacts, bioacoustics, and molecular genetics. Certain hitherto unpublished data, useful for the understanding of taxonomic decisions, are included. In accordance with Article 24.2.3 of the Code one of us acts as First Reviser in selecting the correct spelling of the name of the recently described Chinese species. Introduction This contribution critically reviews, within the scope of this series, the few recent systematic and taxonomic papers on Asian treecreepers and their allies. Consequently it is purely descriptive in nature. Recommendations for taxonomic changes for nearly all the cases discussed here have been published elsewhere, most of them quite recently. As yet suffi cient time has not passed for completely objective review, nor for additional information to be discovered and presented in such cases.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Fragmented Habitat-Patch Use in an Urban Breeding Passerine, the Short-Toed Treecreeper
    Multiple fragmented habitat-patch use in an urban breeding passerine, the Short-toed Treecreeper Snell, Katherine R. S.; Jensen, Rie B. E.; Ortvad, Troels E.; Willemoes, Mikkel; Thorup, Kasper Published in: PLoS ONE DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227731 Publication date: 2020 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY Citation for published version (APA): Snell, K. R. S., Jensen, R. B. E., Ortvad, T. E., Willemoes, M., & Thorup, K. (2020). Multiple fragmented habitat- patch use in an urban breeding passerine, the Short-toed Treecreeper. PLoS ONE, 15(1), [0227731]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227731 Download date: 25. sep.. 2021 RESEARCH ARTICLE Multiple fragmented habitat-patch use in an urban breeding passerine, the Short-toed Treecreeper Katherine R. S. SnellID*, Rie B. E. Jensen, Troels E. Ortvad, Mikkel Willemoes, Kasper Thorup Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract Individual responses of wild birds to fragmented habitat have rarely been studied, despite large-scale habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss resulting from widespread urbanisa- tion. We investigated the spatial ecology of the Short-toed Treecreeper Certhia brachydac- OPEN ACCESS tyla, a tiny, resident, woodland passerine that has recently colonised city parks at the Citation: Snell KRS, Jensen RBE, Ortvad TE, northern extent of its range. High resolution spatiotemporal movements of this obligate tree- Willemoes M, Thorup K (2020) Multiple living species were determined using radio telemetry within the urbanized matrix of city fragmented habitat-patch use in an urban breeding passerine, the Short-toed Treecreeper.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Priority Woodland Birds in the North-Eastern Mount Lofty Ranges
    Distribution of priority woodland birds in the north-eastern Mount Lofty Ranges DEWNR Technical report 2017/02 Distribution of priority woodland birds in the north-eastern Mount Lofty Ranges Trevor J. Hobbs, David M. Armstrong, Nigel Willoughby, Randall Johnson and Andrew West Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources June, 2017 DEWNR Technical report 2017/02 Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources GPO Box 1047, Adelaide SA 5001 Telephone National (08) 8463 6946 International +61 8 8463 6946 Fax National (08) 8463 6999 International +61 8 8463 6999 Website www.environment.sa.gov.au Disclaimer The Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources and its employees do not warrant or make any representation regarding the use, or results of the use, of the information contained herein as regards to its correctness, accuracy, reliability, currency or otherwise. The Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources and its employees expressly disclaims all liability or responsibility to any person using the information or advice. Information contained in this document is correct at the time of writing. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © Crown in right of the State of South Australia, through the Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources 2017 ISBN 978-1-925510-61-4 Preferred way to cite this publication Hobbs TJ, Armstrong DM, Willoughby N, Johnson R & West A (2017). Distribution of priority woodland birds in the north-eastern Mount Lofty Ranges, DEWNR Technical report 2017/02, Government of South Australia, Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Adelaide.
    [Show full text]
  • Scotland in Style
    SCOTLAND IN STYLE MAY 1-10, 2020 ©2019 Please note this tour may be taken in connection with Wild & Ancient Britain with Ireland cruise , May 11-26, 2020. Cairngorms National Park © Andrew Whittaker This short, one hotel tour provides an enormously varied and comprehensive taste of all that the bonnie Scottish Highlands have to offer. During our seven full days based around Strathspey and the spectacular Cairngorms National Park, there will be a varied and flexible daily program of events. Although the main focus is on birding excursions, we will be centrally located to visit many fine castles, battlefields, and sites of historical significance, plus we’ll enjoy a guided visit to a famous Scotch single malt whisky distillery. Scotland in Style, Page 2 The Highlands scenery is the most dramatic in the British Isles: the highest peaks in Britain; extensive remote moorlands; large tracts of ancient woodland of Caledonian Pines; stunning coastal scenery of cliffs, inlets, lochs, and offshore islands; and vast tracts of prehistoric peat bog and fast-flowing, crystal clear rivers. We will target localized and rare specialties such as Eurasian Capercaillie (rare), Black Grouse, Rock Ptarmigan, Willow Ptarmigan (the British subspecies known as Red Grouse, an excellent candidate for a future split and another endemic), the gorgeous Mandarin Duck, the endemic Scottish Crossbill, localized Ring Ouzel, Crested Tit, Horned Grebe, Arctic and Red-throated loon, and raptors such as the striking Red Kite, Eurasian Sparrowhawk, Eurasian Buzzard, and Golden and White-tailed eagle (rare). Most of these breed only within the British Isles, exclusively here in this wild region of Scotland, and we have good chances of seeing most of them.
    [Show full text]
  • Bird Watching Tour in Mongolia 2019
    Mongolia 18 May – 09 June 2019 Bart De Keersmaecker, Daniel Hinckley, Filip Bogaert, Joost Mertens, Mark Van Mierlo, Miguel Demeulemeester and Paul De Potter Leader: Bolormunkh Erdenekhuu male Black-billed Capercaillie – east of Terelj, Mongolia Report by: Bart, Mark, Miguel, Bogi Pictures: everyone contributed 2 Introduction In 3 weeks, tour we recorded staggering 295 species of birds, which is unprecedented by similar tours!!! Many thanks to Wouter Faveyts, who had to bail out because of work related matters, but was a big inspiration while planning the trip. The Starling team, especially Johannes Jansen for careful planning and adjusting matters to our needs. Last but not the least Bolormunkh aka Bogi and his crew of dedicated people. The really did their utmost best to make this trip one of the best ever. Intinerary Day 1. 18th May Arrival 1st group at Ulaanbaatar. Birding along the riparian forest of Tuul river Day 2. 19th May Arrival 2nd part of group. Drive to Dalanzadgad Day 3. 20th May Dalanzadgad area Day 4. 21st May Shivee Am and Yolyn Am Gorges Day 5. 22nd May Yolyn Am Gorge, to Khongoryn Els Day 6. 23rd May Khongoryn Els and Orog Nuur Day 7. 24th May Orog Nuur, Bogd and Kholbooj Nuur Day 8. 25th May Kholbooj Nuur Day 9. 26th May Kholbooj Nuur and drive to Khangai mountain Day 10. 27th May Khangai mountain, drive to Tuin River Day 11. 28th May Khangai mountain drive to Orkhon River Day 12. 29th May Taiga forest Övörhangay and Arhangay Day 13. 30th May Khangai taiga forest site 2 Day 14.
    [Show full text]
  • British Birds VOLUME 69 NUMBER 4 APRIL I976
    British Birds VOLUME 69 NUMBER 4 APRIL I976 Identification of European treecreepers C. J. Mead and D. I. M. Wallace INTRODUCTION Although its arrival as a British bird was widely announced in January 1972, the Short-toed Treecreeper Certhia brachydactyla was not admitted to the British and Irish list until 1975, on the basis of a vagrant trapped at Dungeness on 27th September 1969 (British Ornithologists' Union, in prep). Fifteen other reports of coastal vagrants, breeding birds and inland singletons have not yet been fully reviewed but it is likely that there are several other acceptable records. Research into such records prompted a growing loss of confidence in the criteria of treecreeper identification extant in 1974 and the resulting need to review the entire subject. The outcome is far from pleasing. Before 1820, nobody had suggested the presence of more than one Certhia species in Europe. In 1907, Dresser was still lumping them. Modern systematists have, however, successfully separated them and demonstrated marked subspecific radiation in both (e.g. Vaurie 1959). Research, both in the field and in captivity, continues (e.g. Thielcke 1972, Purroy 1973, Mead 1975, Osieck 1975). The product of our separate reviews of characters in the field (DIMW) and in the hand (CJM) does not confirm statements in the current literature dealing with identification. It shows them to be not inherently false but certainly facile. We are forced to express serious caveats on the differences in voice and bill/hindclaw ratios, hitherto supposedly safe bases for separating the two species. If further advances are to be made in treecreeper identification, the studies will need to be long and complex.
    [Show full text]
  • Hasties Swamp Bird Species
    Hasties Swamp Bird Species Australian Brush-turkey Nankeen Night-Heron Wood Sandpiper White-throated Gerygone Magpie-lark Red-rumped Swallow - R Orange-footed Scrubfowl Glossy Ibis Red-necked Stint Buff-rumped Thornbill Pied Monarch - E Bassian Thrush Stubble Quail Australian White Ibis Pectoral Sandpiper Mountain Thornbill - E Yellow-breasted Boatbill Metallic Starling Brown Quail Straw-necked Ibis Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Spotted Pardalote Victoria's Riflebird - E Common Myna - I Magpie Goose Royal Spoonbill Ruff - R Striated Pardalote Pale-yellow Robin Mistletoebird Plumed Whistling-Duck Yellow-billed Spoonbill Red-backed Button-quail Eastern Spinebill Eastern Yellow Robin Olive-backed Sunbird Wandering Whistling-Duck Black-shouldered Kite Painted Button-quail Lewin's Honeyeater Grey-headed Robin - E Red-browed Finch Freckled Duck Square-tailed Kite Australian Pratincole Bridled Honeyeater - E Horsfield's Bushlark Nutmeg Mannikin - I Black Swan Pacific Baza Caspian Tern Yellow-faced Honeyeater Golden-headed Cisticola Chestnut-breasted Mannikin Radjah Shelduck White-bellied Sea-Eagle Whiskered Tern Noisy Miner Australian Reed-Warbler Australasian Pipit Australian Wood Duck Whistling Kite Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo Scarlet Honeyeater Tawny Grassbird Eastern Yellow Wagtail Pink-eared Duck Brahminy Kite Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Brown Honeyeater Silvereye Cotton Pygmy-goose Black Kite Rainbow Lorikeet White-cheeked Honeyeater Barn Swallow 231 species Green Pygmy-goose Brown Goshawk Scaly-breasted Lorikeet White-throated Honeyeater Welcome Swallow Australasian Shoveler Collared Sparrowhawk Little Lorikeet White-naped Honeyeater Fairy Martin E - Wet Tropics endemics Grey Teal Grey Goshawk Crimson Rosella Blue-faced Honeyeater Tree Martin I - Introduced birds Chestnut Teal Spotted Harrier Pale-headed Rosella Noisy Friarbird Pacific Black Duck Swamp Harrier Pheasant Coucal Macleay's Honeyeater - E Hardhead Wedge-tailed Eagle Eastern Koel Eastern Whipbird List by members & friends of BirdLife.
    [Show full text]