DOCSLIB.ORG

Kiribati Integrated Energy Roadmap: 2017–2025

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Kiribati Integrated Energy Roadmap: 2017–2025 Kiribati Integrated Energy oadmap: 2017–2025 R July 2017 Copyright © IRENA, SPC and PPA 2017 Unless otherwise stated, this publication and material featured herein are the property of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the Pacifi c Community (SPC) and Pacifi c Power Association (PPA) and are subject to copyright by IRENA, SPC and PPA� Material in this publication may be freely used, shared, copied, reproduced, printed and/or stored, subject to proper attribution� Material in this publication attributed to third parties may be subject to third party copyright and separate terms of use and restrictions, including restrictions in relation to any commercial use� ISBN 978-92-9260-014-3 About IRENA The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is an intergovernmental organisation that supports countries in their transition to a sustainable energy future, and serves as the principal platform for international cooperation, a centre of excellence, and a repository of policy, technology, resource and fi nancial knowledge on renewable energy� IRENA promotes the widespread adoption and sustainable use of all forms of renewable energy, including bioenergy, geothermal, hydropower, ocean, solar and wind energy in the pursuit of sustainable development, energy access, energy security and low carbon economic growth and prosperity� About SPC The Pacifi c Community (SPC) is the principal scientifi c and technical organisation supporting development in the Pacifi c region� It is an international organisation established by treaty in 1947 and is owned and governed by its 26 members including all 22 Pacifi c Island countries and territories� SPC works across more than 25 sectors and is the lead Pacifi c regional agency for the pursuit of an energy secure Pacifi c� About PPA Pacifi c Power Association (PPA) is an association of electricity utilities, organisations, and individuals who have an interest in the operations and development of the power industry in Pacifi c Island Countries (PICs)� PPA is an inter-governmental regional organisation founded by the electricity utilities operating in PICs� The PPA was established in 1992 and has a Secretariat Offi ce located in Suva, Fiji� Currently it has a membership of 25 electricity utilities operating in 22 Pacifi c Island Countries and 93 Allied Members world-wide with interest in the development of the power industry in the Pacifi c region� Acknowledgement The Kiribati Integrated Energy Roadmap (KIER) has been developed at the request of the Government of Kiribati by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the Pacifi c Community (SPC) and the Pacifi c Power Association (PPA)� This report has been made possible by a funding from the government of the Federal Republic of Germany and the government of Australia� For further information please contact IRENA at [email protected], SPC at [email protected] and PPA at www.ppa.org.fj/contact-us-2/ KIER Development Team IRENA: Emanuele Taibi, Peter Journeay-Kaler, Francisco Gafaro, ‘Apisake Soakai (IRENA consultant) and Nick Wardrop (IRENA consultant) SPC: Solomone Fifi ta, Koin Etuati, Frank Vukikomoala, Alan Bartmanovich and Makereta Lomaloma PPA: Andrew Daka Disclaimer This publication and the material featured herein are provided “as is”, for informational purposes� All reasonable precautions have been taken by IRENA to verify the reliability of the material featured in this publication� Neither IRENA, SPC and PPA nor any of its offi cials, agents, data or other third-party content providers or licensors provides any warranty, including as to the accuracy, com- pleteness, or fi tness for a particular purpose or use of such material, or regarding the non-infringement of third-party rights, and they accept no responsibility or liability with regard to the use of this publication and the material featured therein� The information contained herein does not necessarily represent the views of the Members of IRENA, SPC or PPA� The mention of specifi c com- panies or certain projects, products or services does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by IRENA, SPC or PPA in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned� The designations employed and the presentation of material herein do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of IRENA, SPC or PPA concerning the legal status of any region, country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries� Cover image: 500 kWp Solar PV system in South Tarawa, Kiribati (Source: Masdar) Copyright © IRENA, SPC and PPA 2017 Unless otherwise stated, this publication and material featured herein are the property of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the Pacifi c Community (SPC) and Pacifi c Power Association (PPA) and are subject to copyright by IRENA, SPC and PPA� Material in this publication may be freely used, shared, copied, reproduced, printed and/or stored, subject to proper attribution� Material in this publication attributed to third parties may be subject to third party copyright and separate terms of use and FOREWORD restrictions, including restrictions in relation to any commercial use� ISBN 978-92-9260-014-3 Kiribati’s dependence on imported oil to meet the majority of its energy needs creates vulnerability to oil price volatility and results in high energy About IRENA costs, which place a burden on local development. As a collection of The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is an intergovernmental organisation that supports low-lying, isolated islands, Kiribati is particularly vulnerable to rising sea countries in their transition to a sustainable energy future, and serves as the principal platform for international levels, increasing storm strength, disruptions to rainfall that supplies fresh cooperation, a centre of excellence, and a repository of policy, technology, resource and fi nancial knowledge water, and other dangers of climate change. To address these challenges on renewable energy� IRENA promotes the widespread adoption and sustainable use of all forms of renewable and support economic and social development, the Government of energy, including bioenergy, geothermal, hydropower, ocean, solar and wind energy in the pursuit of sustainable development, energy access, energy security and low carbon economic growth and prosperity� Kiribati is dedicated to finding energy solutions and climate change mitigation measures that are sustainable, reliable and affordable. About SPC The Pacifi c Community (SPC) is the principal scientifi c and technical organisation supporting development in The Kiribati 2009 National Energy Policy calls for access to sustainable, reliable and affordable energy the Pacifi c region� It is an international organisation established by treaty in 1947 and is owned and governed by services. In 2011, Kiribati joined Pacific Island leaders to agree on developing credible, comprehensive its 26 members including all 22 Pacifi c Island countries and territories� SPC works across more than 25 sectors energy roadmaps that improve energy security, reduce dependency on fossil fuel and increase access and is the lead Pacifi c regional agency for the pursuit of an energy secure Pacifi c� to electricity. In 2012, Kiribati worked with the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) About PPA to conduct a Renewables Readiness Assessment (RRA) and has adopted the renewable energy targets defined in the RRA. In September 2014, Kiribati joined the IRENA Lighthouses Initiative and Pacifi c Power Association (PPA) is an association of electricity utilities, organisations, and individuals who have an interest in the operations and development of the power industry in Pacifi c Island Countries (PICs)� PPA completed a Quickscan, which provided a comprehensive assessment of the enabling conditions for is an inter-governmental regional organisation founded by the electricity utilities operating in PICs� The PPA the accelerated deployment of renewables and identified specific needs for targeted support from was established in 1992 and has a Secretariat Offi ce located in Suva, Fiji� Currently it has a membership of 25 development partners. electricity utilities operating in 22 Pacifi c Island Countries and 93 Allied Members world-wide with interest in the development of the power industry in the Pacifi c region� The 2012-2015 Strategic Plan for Kiribati’s infastructure and sustainable energy development, together Acknowledgement with the Quickscan, highlighted the need for a long-term roadmap covering the energy sector. In The Kiribati Integrated Energy Roadmap (KIER) has been developed at the request of the Government of response to these calls for action, Kiribati has co-operated with IRENA, the Pacific Community (SPC) Kiribati by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the Pacifi c Community (SPC) and the Pacifi c and the Pacific Power Association (PPA) to develop the Kiribati Integrated Energy Roadmap (KIER). Power Association (PPA)� This report has been made possible by a funding from the government of the Federal Republic of Germany and the government of Australia� For further information please contact IRENA at The KIER comprises a policy framework, with specific targets, and a prioritised action plan, including [email protected], SPC at [email protected] and PPA at www.ppa.org.fj/contact-us-2/ cost estimates and timelines. The KIER covers institutional, policy, regulatory, technical, financial and KIER Development Team capacity-building actions. Collectively,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hard Custom, Hard Dance : Social Organisation, (Un)
    PETRA M. AUTIO HARD CUSTOM, HARD DANCE SOCIAL ORGANISATION, (UN)DIFFERENTIATION AND NOTIONS OF POWER IN A TABITEUEAN COMMUNITY, SOUTHERN KIRIBATI Academic Dissertation to be publicly discussed, by due permission of the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Helsinki, in Auditorium XII of the Main Building, April 17th, 2010, at 10 a.m. PETRA M. AUTIO HARD CUSTOM, HARD DANCE SOCIAL ORGANISATION, (UN)DIFFERENTIATION AND NOTIONS OF POWER IN A TABITEUEAN COMMUNITY, SOUTHERN KIRIBATI Research Series in Anthropology University of Helsinki Academic Dissertation Research Series in Anthropology University of Helsinki, Finland Distributed by Helsinki University Press P.O. Box 4 (Vuorikatu 3 A) 00014 University of Helsinki Finland fax +358-9-7010 2374 http://www.yliopistopaino.fi ISSN 1458-3186 ISBN 978-952-10-6150-9 (paperback) ISBN 978-952-10-6151-6 (PDF) Helsinki University Print Helsinki 2010 To my daughter Oili Raakel Maria CONTENTS List of illustrations vii Notes on names, citations and typographical conventions viii Acknowledgements ix 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Social Differentiation, Undifferentiation and Power in Southern Kiribati 3 Kiribati Introduced 11 The Kiribati Custom 15 Tabiteuea and Its Northern District 17 Tabiteuean Custom and Its Hardness 19 Kiribati Studied 21 Fieldwork and Research Questions 27 The Approach and Course of Chapters 29 2. THE ANCESTOR WITHOUT DESCENDANTS: DIFFERENTIATION AND NOTIONS OF POWER IN TABITEUEA 33 Chiefs Are Forbidden? Myth, history, concept 33 Story of the Story 36 The Story of Kourabi (Karakin Kourabi) 42 Lines of power: The Karongoa clan 46 The apical ancestor: Tematawarebwe the first-born 50 Children of many fathers 52 The twofold ancestor: Akau the younger brother 53 Karongoa clan and power 56 Dualities and Transformation of Power 58 Power in the (Un)making 62 Making men, making chiefs 64 Making women 68 Binding but Not Unbinding: Remaining tabu 76 Power in his things 77 Power in the bones 80 Summary: Differentiation and its cut-off point 83 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Legal Preparedness for Regional and International Disaster Assistance in the Pacific Country Profiles
    LEGAL PREPAREDNESS FOR REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE IN THE PACIFIC COUNTRY PROFILES ifrc.org The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) is the world’s largest volunteer-based humanitarian network, reaching 150 million people each year through our 192-member National Societies. Together, we act before, during and after disasters and health emergencies to meet the needs and improve the lives of vulnerable people. We do so with impartiality as to nationality, race, gender, religious beliefs, class and political opinions. Guided by Strategy 2020 and Strategy 2030 – our collective plan of action to tackle the major humanitarian and development challenges of this decade – we are committed to ‘saving lives and changing minds’. Our strength lies in our volunteer network, our community- based expertise and our independence and neutrality. We work to improve humanitarian standards, as partners in development and in response to disasters. We persuade decision-makers to act at all times in the interests of vulnerable people. The result: we enable healthy and safe communities, reduce vulnerabilities, strengthen resilience and foster a culture of peace around the world. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies © International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent P.O. Box 303 Societies, Asia Pacific Regional Office, Kuala Lumpur, 2020 CH-1211 Geneva 19, Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 4222 Any part of this publication may be cited, copied, translated Telefax: +41 22 733 0395 into other languages or adapted to meet local needs without E-mail: [email protected] prior permission from the International Federation of Red Cross Website: www.ifrc.org and Red Crescent Societies, provided that the source is clearly stated.
    [Show full text]
  • Maiana Social and Economic Report 2008
    M AIANA ISLAND 2008 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE PRODUCED BY THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS, WITH FINANCIAL SUPPORT FROM THE UNITED NATION DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM, AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FROM THE SECRETARIAT OF THE PACIFIC COMMUNITY. Strengthening Decentralized Governance in Kiribati Project P.O. Box 75, Bairiki, Tarawa, Republic of Kiribati Telephone (686) 22741 or 22040, Fax: (686) 21133 MAIANA ANTHEM MAIANA I TANGIRIKO MAIANA I LOVE YOU Maiana I tangiriko - 2 - FOREWORD by the Honourable Amberoti Nikora, Minister of Internal and Social Affairs, July, 2007 I am honored to have this opportunity to introduce this revised and updated socio-economic profile for Maiana island. The completion of this profile is the culmination of months of hard-work and collaborative effort of many people, Government agencies and development partners particularly those who have provided direct financial and technical assistance towards this important exercise. The socio-economic profiles contain specific data and information about individual islands that are not only interesting to read, but more importantly, useful for education, planning and decision making. The profile is meant to be used as a reference material for leaders both at the island and national level, to enable them to make informed decisions that are founded on accurate and easily accessible statistics. With our limited natural and financial resources it is very important that our leaders are in a position to make wise decisions regarding the use of these limited resources, so that they are targeted at the most urgent needs and produce maximum impact. In addition, this profile will act as reference material that could be used for educational purposes, at the secondary and tertiary levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Shyama Pagad Programme Officer, IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group
    Final Report for the Ministry of Environment, Lands and Agricultural Development Compile and Review Invasive Alien Species Information Shyama Pagad Programme Officer, IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group 1 Table of Contents Glossary and Definitions ................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 4 SECTION 1 ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Alien and Invasive Species in Kiribati .............................................................................................. 7 Key Information Sources ................................................................................................................. 7 Results of information review ......................................................................................................... 8 SECTION 2 ..................................................................................................................................... 10 Pathways of introduction and spread of invasive alien species ................................................... 10 SECTION 3 ..................................................................................................................................... 12 Kiribati and its biodiversity ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Islands - Online Climate Outlook Forum (OCOF) No
    Pacific Islands - Online Climate Outlook Forum (OCOF) No. 91 Country Name: KIRIBATI TABLE 1: Monthly Rainfall Station (include data period) March 2015 January February Total 33%tile 67%tile Median Ranking 2015 2015 Rainfall Rainfall Rainfall (mm) Total Total (mm) (mm) Beru - - - 20.0 136.0 55.3 - (Jul1932-Nov 2014) Butaritari - - 429.1 189.0 402.0 281.5 55/77 (Jul 1931 -Mar 2015) Kanton - - - 19.6 57.4 27.2 - (Sep 1937 -Jun 2014) Kiritimati - 35.9 76.3 76.6 139.8 106.1 30/90 (Jan 1921-Mar 2015) Tarawa 229.4 287.1 434.2 113.1 262.7 171.0 60/66 (Jan 1950-Mar 2015) TABLE 2: Three-monthly Rainfall January 2015 to March 2015 [Please note that the data used in this verification should be sourced from table 3 of OCOF #87] Station Three-month 33%tile 67%tile Median Ranking Forecast probs.* Verification * Total Rainfall Rainfall Rainfall (include LEPS) (Consistent, (mm) (mm) (mm) Near-consistent Inconsistent? Beru - 143.1 493.0 280.6 - 8/39/ 53 - (33.3) Butaritari - 723.0 1119.0 902.7 - 20/35/ 45 - (14.8) Kanton - 40.7 171.2 110.8 - 17/24/ 59 - (30.8) Kiritimati - 160.1 297.9 221.6 - 18/29/ 53 - (31.6) Tarawa 950.7 348.3 923.5 647.9 46/66 14/38/ 48 Consistent (25.6) Period:* below normal /normal /above normal * Forecast is consistent when observed and predicted (tercile with the highest probability) categories coincide (are in the same tercile). Forecast is near-consistent when observed and predicted (tercile with the highest probability) differ by only one category (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Kiribati Fourth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity
    KIRIBATI FOURTH NATIONAL REPORT TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Aranuka Island (Gilbert Group) Picture by: Raitiata Cati Prepared by: Environment and Conservation Division - MELAD 20 th September 2010 1 Contents Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF BIODIVERSITY, STATUS, TRENDS AND THREATS .................................................... 8 1.1 Geography and geological setting of Kiribati ......................................................................................... 8 1.2 Climate ................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Status of Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.3.1 Soil ................................................................................................................................................. 12 1.3.2 Water Resources ..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Participatory Diagnosis of Coastal Fisheries for North Tarawa And
    Photo credit: Front cover, Aurélie Delisle/ANCORS Aurélie cover, Front credit: Photo Participatory diagnosis of coastal fisheries for North Tarawa and Butaritari island communities in the Republic of Kiribati Participatory diagnosis of coastal fisheries for North Tarawa and Butaritari island communities in the Republic of Kiribati Authors Aurélie Delisle, Ben Namakin, Tarateiti Uriam, Brooke Campbell and Quentin Hanich Citation This publication should be cited as: Delisle A, Namakin B, Uriam T, Campbell B and Hanich Q. 2016. Participatory diagnosis of coastal fisheries for North Tarawa and Butaritari island communities in the Republic of Kiribati. Penang, Malaysia: WorldFish. Program Report: 2016-24. Acknowledgments We would like to thank the financial contribution of the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research through project FIS/2012/074. We would also like to thank the staff from the Secretariat of the Pacific Community and WorldFish for their support. A special thank you goes out to staff of the Kiribati’s Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources Development, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Environment, Land and Agricultural Development and to members of the five pilot Community-Based Fisheries Management (CBFM) communities in Kiribati. 2 Contents Executive summary 4 Introduction 5 Methods 9 Diagnosis 12 Summary and entry points for CBFM 36 Notes 38 References 39 Appendices 42 3 Executive summary In support of the Kiribati National Fisheries Policy 2013–2025, the ACIAR project FIS/2012/074 Improving Community-Based
    [Show full text]
  • How to Leverage Climate Finance to Reach Your Investment Goals
    GEOTHERMAL • WIND • CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER • SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS • BIOMASS • HYDROPOWER HOW TO LEVERAGE CLIMATE FINANCE TO REACH YOUR INVESTMENT GOALS Renewable energy opportunities in emerging economies and developing countries are huge. Low-cost climate financing can help turn your vision into action. Hear how industry players are leveraging concessional financing from the Climate Investment Funds (CIF)—currently the largest source of international finance for renewable energy—to catalyze success in sustainable energy in Thailand, Turkey, Mexico, and Morocco. BARBARA BUCHNER SENIOR DIRECTOR, CLIMATE FINANCE, CLIMATE POLICY INITIATIVE (CPI) 12:00–13:00 Panel Moderator Main Conference Area MAFALDA DUARTE Level 3, Room 6 MANAGER, CLIMATE INVESTMENT FUNDS Carbon Expo 2015 Overview of CIF private sector engagement in renewable energy and energy efficiency WANDEE KHUNCHORNYAKONG “When I started to develop my first solar CHAIRPERSON AND CEO OF SOLAR POWER COMPANY GROUP (SPCG) project in Thailand, no bank here would Scaling up solar power in Thailand: SPCG’s experience in promoting solar farms finance the project until the International Finance Corporation agreed to invest in it. With ENRIQUE NIETO ITUARTE the CIF, banks believed in the project, financing DIRECTOR OF SUSTAINABLE PROJECTS, NACIONAL FINANCIERA (NAFINSA), MEXICO it with a better interest rate.” The promise of an innovative risk sharing facility for geothermal investments: WANDEE KHUNCHORNYAKONG Example from Mexico “CIF funds have been able to mobilize a SIMTEN ÖZTÜRK bigger pool of liquidity and, thus, make MANAGER, LEVERAGE FINANCE, PROJECT AND AQUISITION FINANCE, GARANTI BANK, TURKEY available larger amounts of funds permitting Leveraging CIF resources for financial intermediation in promoting energy efficiency a higher leverage for a longer tenor and at a lower risk premium.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4: Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities Supplementary Material
    FINAL DRAFT Chapter 4 Supplementary Material IPCC SR Ocean and Cryosphere Chapter 4: Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities Supplementary Material Coordinating Lead Authors: Michael Oppenheimer (USA), Bruce Glavovic (New Zealand) Lead Authors: Jochen Hinkel (Germany), Roderik van de Wal (Netherlands), Alexandre K. Magnan (France), Amro Abd-Elgawad (Egypt), Rongshuo Cai (China), Miguel Cifuentes-Jara (Costa Rica), Robert M. Deconto (USA), Tuhin Ghosh (India), John Hay (Cook Islands), Federico Isla (Argentina), Ben Marzeion (Germany), Benoit Meyssignac (France), Zita Sebesvari (Hungary/Germany) Contributing Authors: Robbert Biesbroek (Netherlands), Maya K. Buchanan (USA), Gonéri Le Cozannet (France), Catia Domingues (Australia), Sönke Dangendorf (Germany), Petra Döll (Germany), Virginie K.E. Duvat (France), Tamsin Edwards (UK), Alexey Ekaykin (Russian Federation), Donald Forbes (Canada), James Ford (UK), Miguel D. Fortes (Philippines), Thomas Frederikse (Netherlands), Jean-Pierre Gattuso (France), Robert Kopp (USA), Erwin Lambert (Netherlands), Judy Lawrence (New Zealand), Andrew Mackintosh (New Zealand), Angélique Melet (France), Elizabeth McLeod (USA), Mark Merrifield (USA), Siddharth Narayan (US), Robert J. Nicholls (UK), Fabrice Renaud (UK), Jonathan Simm (UK), AJ Smit (South Africa), Catherine Sutherland (South Africa), Nguyen Minh Tu (Vietnam), Jon Woodruff (USA), Poh Poh Wong (Singapore), Siyuan Xian (USA) Review Editors: Ayako Abe-Ouchi (Japan), Kapil Gupta (India), Joy Pereira (Malaysia) Chapter
    [Show full text]
  • Anadara Fishing Supports Urban Households in Tarawa, Kiribati and Suva, Fiji Lilian Fay,1 Veikila Vuki,2 Samasoni Sauni3 and Temakei Tebano4
    SPC Women in Fisheries Information Bulletin #17 – December 2007 19 Anadara fishing supports urban households in Tarawa, Kiribati and Suva, Fiji Lilian Fay,1 Veikila Vuki,2 Samasoni Sauni3 and Temakei Tebano4 Introduction two countries, the extent to which women in urban areas support their families through subsistence Women dominate the subsistence fisheries sector use and alternative means of earning income, were throughout the Pacific Islands region (Mathews also examined. 1993). In recent years, women’s fishing activities have changed from subsistence-oriented to semi- Study areas commercially focused fisheries (Vunisea 1997). This shift in fishing practices has been influenced Tarawa, Kiribati primarily by monetary needs generated by overall modernisation and by corresponding changes in South Tarawa comprises the islets along the south- lifestyle and diet. ern rim of the atoll, all of which are inter-connected by causeways, allowing easy commuting between Women’s participation in inshore fisheries activi- communities and employment opportunities in the ties in Pacific Island states, contribute significantly main urban centres of Bairiki and Betio. Tarawa’s to food security and small-scale income generation very large population is directly or indirectly de- for households. Many Pacific Island countries rely pendent on coastal marine resources. Anadara in on nearshore marine resources to feed their fami- this case is one of the more accessible resources for lies. Marine invertebrates, such as shellfish, form a women and households. significant portion of women’s catch (Keough et al. 1993). Shellfish, especially ark shells (Anadara spp.), The islets on Tarawa are fronted by a largely inter- are an example of a species that is often harvested tidal reef platform (a few hundred meters wide) on because it is found in intertidal areas where women the ocean side, and a wide sand flat on the lagoonal fish.
    [Show full text]
  • Iea Pvps Annual Report 2019 Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme
    Cover photo THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE’S (IOC) NEW HEADQUARTERS’ PV ROOFTOP, BUILT BY SOLSTIS, LAUSANNE SWITZERLAND One of the most sustainable buildings in the world, featuring a PV rooftop system built by Solstis, Lausanne, Switzerland. At the time of its certification in June 2019, the new IOC Headquarters in Lausanne, Switzerland, received the highest rating of any of the LEED v4-certified new construction project. This was only possible thanks to the PV system consisting of 614 mono-Si modules, amounting to 179 kWp and covering 999 m2 of the roof’s surface. The approximately 200 MWh solar power generated per year are used in-house for heat pumps, HVAC systems, lighting and general building operations. Photo: Solstis © IOC/Adam Mork COLOPHON Cover Photograph Solstis © IOC/Adam Mork Task Status Reports PVPS Operating Agents National Status Reports PVPS Executive Committee Members and Task 1 Experts Editor Mary Jo Brunisholz Layout Autrement dit Background Pages Normaset Puro blanc naturel Type set in Colaborate ISBN 978-3-906042-95-4 3 / IEA PVPS ANNUAL REPORT 2019 PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2019 4 / IEA PVPS ANNUAL REPORT 2019 CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE A warm welcome to the 2019 annual report of the International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Technology Collaboration Programme, the IEA PVPS TCP! We are pleased to provide you with highlights and the latest results from our global collaborative work, as well as relevant developments in PV research and technology, applications and markets in our growing number of member countries and organizations worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Countries and Their Capital Cities Cheat Sheet by Spaceduck (Spaceduck) Via Cheatography.Com/4/Cs/56
    Countries and their Capital Cities Cheat Sheet by SpaceDuck (SpaceDuck) via cheatography.com/4/cs/56/ Countries and their Captial Cities Countries and their Captial Cities (cont) Countries and their Captial Cities (cont) Afghani​ stan Kabul Canada Ottawa Federated States of Palikir Albania Tirana Cape Verde Praia Micronesia Algeria Algiers Cayman Islands George Fiji Suva American Samoa Pago Pago Town Finland Helsinki Andorra Andorra la Vella Central African Republic Bangui France Paris Angola Luanda Chad N'Djamena French Polynesia Papeete Anguilla The Valley Chile Santiago Gabon Libreville Antigua and Barbuda St. John's Christmas Island Flying Fish Gambia Banjul Cove Argentina Buenos Aires Georgia Tbilisi Cocos (Keeling) Islands West Island Armenia Yerevan Germany Berlin Colombia Bogotá Aruba Oranjestad Ghana Accra Comoros Moroni Australia Canberra Gibraltar Gibraltar Cook Islands Avarua Austria Vienna Greece Athens Costa Rica San José Azerbaijan Baku Greenland Nuuk Côte d'Ivoire Yamous‐​ Bahamas Nassau Grenada St. George's soukro Bahrain Manama Guam Hagåtña Croatia Zagreb Bangladesh Dhaka Guatemala Guatemala Cuba Havana City Barbados Bridgetown Cyprus Nicosia Guernsey St. Peter Port Belarus Minsk Czech Republic Prague Guinea Conakry Belgium Brussels Democratic Republic of the Kinshasa Guinea-​ Bissau Bissau Belize Belmopan Congo Guyana Georgetown Benin Porto-Novo Denmark Copenhagen Haiti Port-au​ -P‐​ Bermuda Hamilton Djibouti Djibouti rince Bhutan Thimphu Dominica Roseau Honduras Tegucig​ alpa Bolivia Sucre Dominican Republic Santo
    [Show full text]