isb49-1_cv_isb49-1_cv 2/18/2015 1:00 PM Page 2

International Society of Barristers

Volume 49 Number 1

FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY ISSUE

FIFTY YEARS OF THE ISOB: FOREWORD James Bartimus

PRESIDENTIAL REFLECTIONS

FIFTY YEARS . . . AND COUNTING

Quarterly isb49-1_cv_isb49-1_cv 2/18/2015 1:00 PM Page 3

Annual Meetings

2016: April 10–16, Grand Del Mar, San Diego, California

2017: March 19–25, Ritz Carlton, Cancun, Mexico International Society of Barristers Quarterly   Volume 49 2015 Number 1      CONTENTS   ‹ˆ–›‡ƒ”•‘ˆ–Š‡ ǣ ‘”‡™‘”†ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳ James Bartimus  ”‡•‹†‡–‹ƒŽ‡ˆŽ‡ –‹‘•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͵ M.J. BrucknerǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͷ Carleton R. HoyǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͳ Charles F. Blanchard ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͷ Con M. Keating ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳ͹ David L. NixonǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤʹͳ John G. Lancione ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤʹ͹ Frank J. Brixius ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤʹͻ Myron J. Bromberg ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͵͵ Joe McLeod ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͵ͷ Daniel J. Kelly ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͶͳ Edward J. MatonichǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͶͷ Scott S. Powell ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͶ͹ Edward J. Nevin ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͶͻ William R. Gray ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͷͷ William F. Martson Jr ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͷͻ Marietta S. Robinson ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͸ͷ J. Graham Hill ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͸ͻ Michael A. Kelly. .ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͹͵  

‹ ‹ˆ–›‡ƒ”•ǤǤǤƒ†‘—–‹‰ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͹ͻ  ǤŠ‡ƒ”Ž›ƒ›•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͹ͻ Craig Spangenberg

ǤŠ‡ƒ”Ž›ƒ›•ǣ’’Ž‡ƒ††‡†—ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͺͻ  Ǥ‡„‡”•Š‹’”‹–‡”‹ƒƒ†‹œ‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻͳ   ”‹–‡”‹ƒǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻͳ   ‹œ‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻ͵   ‹˜‡”•‹–›ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻͶ    ƒ–‹‘ƒŽǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻͶ    ‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻͶ    ƒ ‹ƒŽǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻͶ ‡†‡”ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻͷ   Š‡Šƒ†‘™‡„‡”•Š‹’ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻͷ  Ǥ‡‡–‹‰•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻ͹   ‘˜‡–‹‘•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻ͹    ”‡“—‡ ›ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻ͹    ”‘‰”ƒ ‘–‡–ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻ͹    ‘˜‡–‹‘‹–‡•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͻͺ    ‘˜‡–‹‘†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͲͲ   ‘ƒ”†‘ˆ ‘˜‡”‘”•‡‡–‹‰•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͲͲ    ‡‡–‹‰‘ ƒ–‹‘•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͲͳ  ǤŠ‡QuarterlyǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͲ͵   ǤŠ‡ ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͲ͹   Ǥ ‘˜‡”ƒ ‡ƒ††‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͳͳ   ‘˜‡”ƒ ‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͳͳ   ‹•–‹‰‘ˆ”‡•‹†‡–•ƒ† ‘˜‡”‘”•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͳʹ   †‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳͳͻ   ǤŠ‡‘ƒ†Š‡ƒ†ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳʹͳ  ǤŠ‡‘˜‡–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡–‹‘ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳʹͷ Michael A. Kelly  Ǥ‹†‡„ƒ”ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳ͵͵ John Reed

‹‹ International Society of Barristers Quarterly

Special Issue Editors ‘Š‡‡† ‹ Šƒ‡ŽǤ‡ŽŽ›

Editor ‘ƒŽ† Ǥ‡•‹†  Associate Editor ‘ƒ‡•ƒ‰ƒ–  Editorial Advisory Board ƒ‹‡Ž Ǥ‡ŽŽ› ‘Š‡‡†ǡ†‹–‘”‡”‹–—• —–Ž‡†‰‡Ǥ‹Ž‡•ǡ‡š‘ˆˆ‹ ‹‘  Editorial Office

—‡‹˜‡”•‹–› Š‘‘Ž‘ˆƒ™ ‘šͻͲ͵͸Ͳ —”Šƒǡ‘”–Šƒ”‘Ž‹ƒʹ͹͹ͲͺǦͲ͵͸Ͳ ‡Ž‡’Š‘‡ȋͻͳͻȌ͸ͳ͵Ǧ͹Ͳͺͷ ƒšȋͻͳͻȌ͸ͳ͵Ǧ͹ʹ͵ͳ Ǧƒ‹Žǣ„‡•‹†̷Žƒ™Ǥ†—‡Ǥ‡†—  ‘Ž—‡Ͷͻ ••—‡—„‡”ͳ ʹͲͳͷ  Š‡         ȋ ͲͲ͹ͶǦͻ͹ͲȌȋ ͲͲʹͲǦ ͺ͹ͷʹȌ‹•’—„Ž‹•Š‡†“—ƒ”–‡”Ž›„›–Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘ ‹‡–›‘ˆƒ””‹•–‡”•ǡ—‡‹˜‡”•‹–› Š‘‘Ž ‘ˆ ƒ™ǡ ‘š ͻͲ͵͸Ͳǡ —”Šƒǡ  ʹ͹͹ͲͺǦͲ͵͸ͲǤ ‡”‹‘†‹ ƒŽ• ’‘•–ƒ‰‡ ‹• ’ƒ‹† ‹ —”Šƒ ƒ† ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽƒ‹Ž‹‰‘ˆˆ‹ ‡•Ǥ—„• ”‹’–‹‘”ƒ–‡ǣ̈́ͳͲ’‡”›‡ƒ”Ǥƒ ‹••—‡•ƒ†˜‘Ž—‡•–Š”‘—‰Š ‘Ž—‡ͶͶƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ˆ”‘‹ŽŽ‹ƒǤ ‡‹Ƭ‘Ǥǡ  Ǥǡͳʹͺͷƒ‹–”‡‡–ǡ—ˆˆƒŽ‘ǡͳͶʹͲͻǦ ͳͻͳͳǢ•—„•‡“—‡–„ƒ ‹••—‡•ƒ†˜‘Ž—‡•ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ˆ”‘ ‘‡Š”‹•–‡•‡ǡ  ǤǡͳͷͶͲ†ƒ• –”‡‡–ǡ‹ ‘Žǡ͸ͺͷʹͳǤŽŽ‹••—‡•ƒ”‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡–Š”‘—‰Š™™™ǤŠ‡‹‘Ž‹Ǥ‘”‰Ǥǣ Ž‡ƒ•‡•‡†ƒ††”‡•• Šƒ‰‡•–‘”‘ˆ‡••‘”‘ƒŽ† Ǥ‡•‹†ǡ—‡‹˜‡”•‹–› Š‘‘Ž‘ˆƒ™ǡ ‘šͻͲ͵͸Ͳǡ—”Šƒǡʹ͹͹ͲͺǦͲ͵͸ͲǤ  ̹ʹͲͳͷ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘ ‹‡–›‘ˆƒ””‹•–‡”•

‹‹‹ International Society of Barristers   Board of Governors 2014–2015 ƒ‡•Ǥƒ”–‹—•ǡKansasǡ”‡•‹†‡– —–Ž‡†‰‡Ǥ‹Ž‡•ǡFloridaǡ ‹”•–‹ ‡”‡•‹†‡– ƒ‹‡ŽǤƒ”ƒ†ƒ–ǡCaliforniaǡ‡ ‘†‹ ‡”‡•‹†‡– —†›Ǥƒ””ƒ••‘ǡLouisianaǡ‡ ”‡–ƒ”›Ȃ”‡ƒ•—”‡” ‹ Šƒ‡ŽǤ‘”‡ŽǡUtahǡ ‡†‹ƒ–‡ƒ•–”‡•‹†‡–  ‘ƒŽ† Ǥ‡•‹†ǡNorth Carolinaǡ †‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡‡ ”‡–ƒ”›Ƭ†‹–‘”

2012–2015* ‡–‡” Ǥ”‘†Š‡ƒ† –‡’Š‡Ǥ”— ‡” Š‘ƒ•Ǥ”ƒ‡” Ohio Nebraska Michigan ǤǤȋƒ›Ȍ‡”•‘•  ƒ””› Ǥ Š‡‹†‡” Georgia Washington 2013–2016* ‡””›ǤŽ‡‡–• ƒ‡•Ǥ ”‹ Ž‡–‘ ƒ–ŠŽ‡‡ Ž›‡–‡”•‘ Texas Kansas Minnesota ƒ˜‹†Ǥ‘™‡ŽŽ ”Ǥ ‹ŽŽ‹ƒǤ‹–Š Colorado California 2014–2017* ƒš‘ƒ˜‹• ‡˜‹”‹•– ƒ–ŠŽ‡‡ƒ‰ Montana Texas Michigan Ǥ‡‡–Š ™ƒ –‡’Š‡ƒ†‡ British Columbia Maine

*‡”•„‡‰‹ƒ†‡†‘–Š‡Žƒ•–†ƒ›‘ˆƒ—ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰•Ǥ

‹˜ International Society of Barristers  Past Presidents ”ƒ‹‰’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰ǡŽ‡˜‡Žƒ†ǡŠ‹‘ȋͳͻͳͶȂͳͻͻͺȌ  ͳͻ͸͸ —””ƒ›ƒ• ”Ǥǡ‹ƒ‹ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒȋͳͻʹʹȂʹͲͳͳȌ ͳͻ͸͹ ‡Ž–‘Ǥ›ǡƒ’‹†‹–›ǡ‘—–Šƒ‘–ƒȋͳͻͳ͸Ȃͳͻ͹ͶȌ ͳͻ͸ͺ ” ŠǤ Š‘ Šǡ ‹‰Š‘‹–ǡ‘”–Šƒ”‘Ž‹ƒȋͳͻͲͻȂͳͻͺͲȌ ͳͻ͸ͻ  ‘Š Ǥ‘ ‡ǡ‘ƒ‘‡ǡ‹”‰‹‹ƒȋͳͻʹͲȂʹͲͲ͵Ȍ ͳͻ͹Ͳ ‹ŽŽ‹ƒ Ǥ”‹ •‘ǡ‡˜‡”ǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘ȋͳͻʹͶȂʹͲͲͻȌ ͳͻ͹ͳ Šƒ”Ž‡•Ǥ ˜ƒ••ǡ‹‡ƒ’‘Ž‹•ǡ‹‡•‘–ƒȋͳͻʹʹȂʹͲͳʹȌ ͳͻ͹ͳ ‘„‡”––Ǥ—‹‰Šƒǡ‘„‹Ž‡ǡŽƒ„ƒƒȋͳͻͳͺȂʹͲͲͳȌ ͳͻ͹ʹ ‹ŽŽ‹ƒǤ ”ƒ–‡•ǡ‹ƒ‹ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒȋͳͻͳ͹ȂͳͻͺͶȌ ͳͻ͹͵ Š‹ŽŽ‹’ Ǥ‡–‡”•ǡƒ Š‡•–‡”ǡ‡™ ƒ’•Š‹”‡ȋͳͻʹʹȂʹͲͲ͸Ȍ ͳͻ͹Ͷ ‹ Šƒ”†Ǥ‘•–™‹ ǡƒ•’‡”ǡ›‘‹‰ȋͳͻͳͺȂʹͲͳ͵Ȍ ͳͻ͹ͷ ƒ”Ž–‘Ǥ‡‹–‡”ǡ‘”–Žƒ†ǡ”‡‰‘ȋͳͻʹͲȂͳͻͺͲȌ ͳͻ͹͸ ‘—‰Žƒ•Ǥ ‹ŽŽƒǡ ”ƒ†ƒ’‹†•ǡ‹ Š‹‰ƒȋͳͻʹʹȂʹͲͲ͹Ȍ ͳͻ͹͹ Ž‡šǤ‡ŽŽ‡”ǡ‡˜‡”ǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘ȋͳͻʹͺȂͳͻͻ͸Ȍ ͳͻ͹ͺ Ž‡šǤ‡™–‘ǡ‹”‹‰ŠƒǡŽƒ„ƒƒ ͳͻ͹ͻ –ƒ‹‡‰‡Žǡ„‡”†‡‡ǡ‘—–Šƒ‘–ƒȋͳͻʹͺȂͳͻͻ͸Ȍ ͳͻͺͲ ‹ŽŽ‹ƒǤ Žƒ•ƒ’ǡ‹‡ƒ’‘Ž‹•ǡ‹‡•‘–ƒȋͳͻʹͶȂʹͲͲͲȌ ͳͻͺͳ ƒŽ–‡”Ǥ›ƒ”• ”Ǥǡ‘–‰‘‡”›ǡŽƒ„ƒƒȋͳͻʹͺȂʹͲͳͶȌ ͳͻͺʹ ‘Š Ǥ ”‡‡”ǡ’‡ ‡”ǡ ‘™ƒȋͳͻʹͲȂʹͲͲͶȌ ͳͻͺ͵ Ǥ Ǥ”— ‡”ǡ‹ ‘Žǡ‡„”ƒ•ƒ ͳͻͺͶ ƒ› Ǥ‡ƒ”•‘ǡ‹ƒ‹ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒȋͳͻʹʹȂʹͲͲͶȌ ͳͻͺͷ ‘‡ŽǤ‘›†‡ǡ ”ƒ†ƒ’‹†•ǡ‹ Š‹‰ƒȋͳͻ͵͹ȂͳͻͻͻȌ ͳͻͺ͸ ‹ŽŽ‹ƒǤ‰ƒǡ‹‡ƒ’‘Ž‹•ǡ‹‡•‘–ƒȋͳͻʹͷȂʹͲͳʹȌ ͳͻͺ͹ ƒ”Ž‡–‘Ǥ ‘›ǡ‹‘—š ƒŽŽ•ǡ‘—–Šƒ‘–ƒ ͳͻͺͺ ƒ”Ǥ‘„‹•‘ǡ‘•‰‡Ž‡•ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒȋͳͻʹͶȂʹͲͲͳȌ ͳͻͺͻ ‡””›Ǥ‡ Š–Ž‡ǡŠ‹Žƒ†‡Ž’Š‹ƒǡ‡•›Ž˜ƒ‹ƒȋͳͻʹ͸ȂʹͲͳͲȌ ͳͻͻͲ ‹ŽŽ‹ƒ Ǥ ƒ‹‡Žǡ‹”‹‰ŠƒǡŽƒ„ƒƒȋͳͻʹ͹ȂʹͲͲ͵Ȍ ͳͻͻͳ ”‡†‡”‹  Ǥƒ›‡”ǡ–Ǥ‘—‹•ǡ‹••‘—”‹ ͳͻͻʹ ‘Ž‡šƒ†‡”ǡ ‘—•–‘ǡ‡šƒ•ȋͳͻ͵ͲȂʹͲͲͺȌ ͳͻͻ͵ Šƒ”Ž‡• ǤŽƒ Šƒ”†ǡƒŽ‡‹‰Šǡ‘”–Šƒ”‘Ž‹ƒ ͳͻͻͶ ‘Ǥ‡ƒ–‹‰ǡ‹ ‘Žǡ‡„”ƒ•ƒ ͳͻͻͷ

˜ Past Presidents ƒ˜‹†Ǥ‹š‘ǡƒ Š‡•–‡”ǡ‡™ ƒ’•Š‹”‡ȋͳͻ͵ʹȂʹͲͳͶȌ ͳͻͻ͸ ‹ Šƒ”†Ǥƒ›ǡƒ•’‡”ǡ›‘‹‰ȋͳͻ͵͵ȂʹͲͳͶȌ ͳͻͻ͹ ‘Š Ǥƒ ‹‘‡ǡŽ‡˜‡Žƒ†ǡŠ‹‘ ͳͻͻͺ ”ƒ Ǥ”‹š‹—•ǡ‹‡ƒ’‘Ž‹•ǡ‹‡•‘–ƒ ͳͻͻͻ ›”‘ Ǥ”‘„‡”‰ǡ‘””‹•–‘™ǡ‡™ ‡”•‡› ʹͲͲͲ ‘‡ ‡‘†ǡ ƒ›‡––‡˜‹ŽŽ‡ǡ‘”–Šƒ”‘Ž‹ƒ ʹͲͲͳ ‡‡ƒ ‹„—”ǡ–Š‡•ǡ ‡‘”‰‹ƒȋͳͻ͵͹ȂʹͲͲ͸Ȍ ʹͲͲʹ ƒ‹‡Ž Ǥ‡ŽŽ›ǡƒ ”ƒ ‹• ‘ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ ʹͲͲ͵ ‘ŠǤ‹„‡”ǡŽ‡˜‡Žƒ†ǡŠ‹‘ȋͳͻ͵ͺȂʹͲͳ͵Ȍ ʹͲͲͶ †™ƒ”† Ǥƒ–‘‹ Šǡ ‹„„‹‰ǡ‹‡•‘–ƒ ʹͲͲͷ  ‘––Ǥ‘™‡ŽŽǡ‹”‹‰ŠƒǡŽƒ„ƒƒ ʹͲͲ͸ †™ƒ”† Ǥ‡˜‹ǡƒ ”ƒ ‹• ‘ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ ʹͲͲ͹ ‹ŽŽ‹ƒǤ ”ƒ›ǡ‘—Ž†‡”ǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘ ʹͲͲͺ ‹ŽŽ‹ƒ Ǥƒ”–•‘ ”Ǥǡ‘”–Žƒ†ǡ”‡‰‘ ʹͲͲͻ ƒ”‹‡––ƒǤ‘„‹•‘ǡ‹•–”‹ –‘ˆ‘Ž—„‹ƒ ʹͲͳͲ Ǥ ”ƒŠƒ ‹ŽŽǡ ‘—•–‘ǡ‡šƒ•ʹͲͳͳ ‹ Šƒ‡ŽǤ‡ŽŽ›ǡƒ ”ƒ ‹• ‘ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ    ʹͲͳʹ ‹ Šƒ‡ŽǤ‘”‡ŽǡƒŽ–ƒ‡‹–›ǡ–ƒŠ    ʹͲͳ͵ 

˜‹ International Society of Barristers  Membership Chair ‹ŽŽ‹ƒǤ‹–Š  State & International Membership Chairs —•–”ƒŽ‹ƒƒ†‡™‡ƒŽƒ† ‘ŽŽ›‘™‡•ǯ”‹‡ ƒƒ†ƒ  ƒ•–‡”  Š”‹• ǤƒŽ‹ƒ”‡  ‡–”ƒŽ  ‹ Šƒ”† Ǥ‘Ž•‘  ‡•–‡” Ǥ‡‡–Š ™ƒ —”‘’‡  ‰Žƒ† ƒ—Ž”‡‡ƒ  ”‡Žƒ†  ƒ—Ž”‡‡ƒ  ‘”–Š‡” ”‡Žƒ† ƒ—Ž”‡‡ƒ   ‘–Žƒ† ƒ—Ž”‡‡ƒ Žƒ„ƒƒ   ‘„›Ǥ”‘™ Žƒ•ƒ    ‘„‡”–ǤŽƒ• ‘ ”‹œ‘ƒ   ƒ–”‹  Ǥ ”‘†‡” ”ƒ•ƒ•   ƒ–Š”›Ǥ”›‘” ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ  ‘”–Š‡” –‡™ƒ”–Ǥƒ„ƒ  ƒ‹‡‰‘ ƒ˜‹†Ǥƒ•‡› ”Ǥ  ‘•–‰‡Ž‡• Ǥ‡‹•‡ƒ›Ž‘”  ”ƒ‰‡‘—–› Š”‹•–‘’Š‡”Ǥ‡•‹‡”•‹ ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘   ƒ ‡Ǥ‡ƒ”• ‘‡ –‹ —–   ‹ Šƒ‡ŽǤ‘•‘ˆˆ ‹•–”‹ –‘ˆ‘Ž—„‹ƒ ‘„‡”–Ǥ ‡‡” Ž‘”‹†ƒ  ‘”–Š‡” Ǥ ‘––‘•–ƒ–‹‘  ‘—–Š‡” ‡”ƒ—••‘ƒ‘ ‡‘”‰‹ƒ    Ǥƒ›‡”•‘• ƒ™ƒ‹‹    ƒ”Ǥƒ˜‹• †ƒŠ‘    Š‘ƒ•Ǥ ‹‰Š ŽŽ‹‘‹•    ‹‘–Š›Ǥ‘ƒ•‹ †‹ƒƒ    –‡’Š‡Ǥ”–Š—” ‘™ƒ    ƒ˜‹†Ǥ”‘™ ƒ•ƒ•    ƒ‡•Ǥ ”‹ Ž‡–‘ ‡–— ›    †™ƒ”† Ǥ–‘’Š‡” ‘—‹•‹ƒƒ   ƒ””› ‡Ž†ƒ ”Ǥ

˜‹‹ State & International Membership Chairs ƒ‹‡    –‡’Š‡Ǥƒ†‡ ƒ”›Žƒ†   ‘„‡”–Ǥ ‡‡” ƒ••ƒ Š—•‡––• Š”‹•–‘’Š‡”Ǥ—‰‰ƒ ‹ Š‹‰ƒ   Š‘ƒ•Ǥ”ƒ‡” ‹‡•‘–ƒ   ‘„‡”– Ǥ‹‰ ”Ǥ ‹••‹••‹’’‹   ‹ŽŽ‹ƒǤ—”†› ‹••‘—”‹   ”–Š—”Ǥ–”‘—’ ‘–ƒƒ   Ž‡šƒ†‡”Ž‡™‡––  ‡„”ƒ•ƒ   –‡’Š‡Ǥ”— ‡” ‡˜ƒ†ƒ    Ǥ”— ‡Ž˜‡”•‘ ‡™ ƒ’•Š‹”‡ ‘„‡”–Ǥ–‡‹ ‡™ ‡”•‡›   ƒ”›ŽǤƒ•Ž‘™ ‡™‡š‹ ‘   ‹ŽŽ‹ƒǤƒ†‹•‘ ‡™‘”  ‹–›   –‡˜‡Ǥ‘—‹ƒ  ’•–ƒ–‡  Ǥ–‡™ƒ”– ‘‡• ‘”–Šƒ”‘Ž‹ƒ   ƒ‡•Ǥ‘”•‡––  ‘”–Šƒ‘–ƒ   ƒ˜‹†Ǥƒ”‹‰ Š‹‘    ‡–‡” Ǥ”‘†Š‡ƒ† ŽƒŠ‘ƒ   ƒ””›Ǥ––ƒ™ƒ› ”‡‰‘    ƒ‡–Ǥ ‘ˆˆƒ ‡•›Ž˜ƒ‹ƒ  ƒ•–‡”  ”‘Ž†‡˜‹  ‡•–‡” ‹ Šƒ”†Ǥ ‘Ž‘„ —‡”–‘‹ ‘   ”ƒ ‹• ‘‘Ž×Ǧƒ‰ƒ Š‘†‡ •Žƒ†   ‡”ƒŽ†Ǥ‡ƒ”‹ƒ     ‘ŠǤƒ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘—–Šƒ”‘Ž‹ƒ   ‘‡ŽǤ‘ŽŽ‹• ”Ǥ ‘—–Šƒ‘–ƒ   Š‘ƒ• Ǥ ”‹–œ ‡‡••‡‡   ‹†‡›Ǥ ‹Ž”‡ƒ–Š ‡šƒ•  ‘—•–‘ ‹‡Ž†•Ž‡šƒ†‡”  ƒŽŽƒ•   ƒ––Š‡™Ǥ–ƒ‡Ž –ƒŠ    ‹ Šƒ”†Ǥ—”„‹†‰‡ ‡”‘–   ‡”‘‡ Ǥǯ‡‹ŽŽ ‹”‰‹ •Žƒ†•   ƒ”‹ƒƒ‡•‘ ‘†‰‡ ‹”‰‹‹ƒ   ƒ”›Ǥ ƒ ‘  ƒ•Š‹‰–‘   Š‘ƒ•Ǥ ƒ””‹• ‹• ‘•‹   ‘„‡”–Ǥ ƒ•—Ž•‹ ›‘‹‰   ‡””›Ǥƒ ‡›

˜‹‹‹ FIFTY YEARS OF THE ISOB—FOREWORD

ƒ‡•ƒ”–‹—•ǡ”‡•‹†‡– 

Dz’‡ ‹ƒŽǤdzŠ‹•˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•Quarterly‹••’‡ ‹ƒŽˆ‘”ƒ—„‡”‘ˆ ”‡ƒ•‘•ǣ

x Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”•ƒ”‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽȄ•‡˜‡–‡‡’ƒ•–’”‡•‹†‡–•ǡ‡ƒ Š‘ˆ™Š‘ „”‹‰•–‘‘—”‹†ǯ•‡›‡•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‹ ŠŠ‹•–‘”›‘ˆŠ‹•‘”Š‡”›‡ƒ”ƒ• ”‡•‹†‡–Ǣ

x Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‘”–• ‘ˆ ‘—” ‰—‡•– ‡†‹–‘”•Ȅˆ‘”‡” †‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‡ ”‡–ƒ”›ƒ††‹–‘” ‘Š‡‡†ƒ†’ƒ•–”‡•‹†‡–‹‡‡ŽŽ›Ȅ™‡ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ’–—”‡† ‘ ’ƒ’‡” ‡˜‡–•ǡ Žƒ”‰‡ ƒ† •ƒŽŽǡ –Šƒ– ‡„”ƒ ‡ —• ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‹ƒŽ‹–› ƒ† ’ƒ••‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ””‹•–‡” Š‹•–‘”› •’ƒ‹‰ˆ‹˜‡ †‡ ƒ†‡•Ǣ

x †‡”–Š‡Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’‘ˆ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡‡ ”‡–ƒ”›ƒ††‹–‘”‘ƒŽ† ‡•‹†ǡ Š‹• •–ƒˆˆ Žƒ„‘”‡† –‘ ‹•—”‡ –Š‡ –‹‡Ž› ‘’Ž‡–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‹• •’‡ ‹ƒŽ‡†‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Quarterly•‘–Šƒ–™‡‹‰Š–‡Œ‘›‹–ƒ––Š‡ͷͲ–Š ›‡ƒ”‘˜‡–‹‘Ǣ

x Š‹• •’‡ ‹ƒŽ ‡†‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Quarterly •’‡ƒ• –‘ ƒŽŽ ‘ˆ —• ‹ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”ˆƒ‹Ž›‘–ƒ„‘—–™Šƒ–™‡ƒ”‡„—–ƒ„‘—–™Š‘™‡ƒ”‡ƒ•ƒ ‘ ‹‡–›Ǣƒ†

x  ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ‹–‹••’‡ ‹ƒŽ„‡ ƒ—•‡‹–‹• ‘Ž†‡Ȅ™‡ ‡Ž‡„”ƒ–‡ˆ‹ˆ–› ›‡ƒ”• •‹ ‡ ˆ‘—” ‡ ‡– –‘‰‡–Š‡” ‹ ͳͻ͸ͷ ƒ† ˆ‘”‡† ‘—” ‰”‡ƒ– ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘Ǥ

‹˜‡ •’‡ ‹ƒŽ ”‡ƒ•‘•Ȅƒ —„‡” ‹ •›„‘Ž‹  ’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž ™‹–Š –Š‡ ˆ‹˜‡ •‹’Ž‡ ’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ǯ•Dz‘˜‡–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡–‹‘Ǥdz ‘™›‘—™‹ŽŽ ‡Œ‘›”‡ƒ†‹‰‘—”•–‘”›Ǥ

     

ͳ ʹ     



* * * I PRESIDENTIAL REFLECTIONS   Recollections by Barristers presidents of the past thirty years, printed in the following pages, provide glimpses, both serious and light-hearted, into the rich fellowship known as the International Society of Barristers. Similar musings of the presidents of the Society’s first twenty years were published inʹͲ      ͵ͺʹȂͶʹ͵ȋͳͻͺͷȌand are well worth rereading for comparisons. The presidents’ submissions are in response to an invitation from the guest editors, and they are published here in the formats in which they were received: essays, lists, poems, letters.

͵ Ͷ     

ȗȗȗ  M. J. (JIM) BRUCKNER*

LINCOLN,NEBRASKA PRESIDENT 1984   ǤǤǤǤ  –Š‡ˆƒŽŽ‘ˆͳͻ͹Ͷ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡†ƒŽ‡––‡”ˆ”‘–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ƒ†˜‹•‹‰ ‡–Šƒ– Šƒ†„‡‡ƒ†‹––‡†–‘‡„‡”•Š‹’Ǥ Šƒ†Œ—•––—”‡†ˆ‘”–› ƒ†™ƒ•†‡‡’Ž›Š‘‘”‡†Ǥ •—•’‡ ––Šƒ–›„‡‡ˆƒ –‘”™ƒ•Šƒ”Ž‡• ˜ƒ••”Ǥǡ‘ˆ‹‡ƒ’‘Ž‹•ǡ‹‡•‘–ƒǤŠƒ”Ž‹‡Šƒ†„‡‡’”‡•‹†‡–‘ˆ –Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•‹ͳͻ͹ͳǤ  › ˆ‹”•– ‡‡–‹‰ ™ƒ• ƒ– –Š‡ ‡””‘ƒ” ‡ƒ Š ‘–‡Ž ‹ —‡”–‘ ‹ ‘‹‡ƒ”Ž› ƒ—ƒ”›ͳͻ͹ͷǤ –™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘ ‘Š‡‡†ǯ•ˆ‹”•–‡‡–‹‰Ǥ ‡ ™ƒ•ƒ•’‡ƒ‡”ǤŠ‡”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ƒ†Š‘–‡Žƒ””ƒ‰‡‡–•™‡”‡ƒ†‡ ™‹–Š–Š‡†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡‹”‡ –‘”ǡ ‹ƒ””‹‰ƒǡ™Š‘™ƒ•ƒ’”ƒ –‹ ‹‰ Žƒ™›‡” ‹ ‘—Ž†‡”ǡ ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘Ǥ  ‡˜‡” ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† ƒ ’”‘‰”ƒǡ ƒ† ‘‡ ™ƒ•‘–ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡™Š‡›™‹ˆ‡ƒ†  Š‡ ‡†‹ƒ––Š‡Š‘–‡Žǡ•‘™‡ Šƒ† –‘ ™‹‰ ‹–Ǥ ‘•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡ  ‹••‡† •‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘”‹‰ ’”‘‰”ƒ•ǤŠ‡”‡™ƒ•‘ˆ‘”ƒŽ‹†— –‹‘ ‡”‡‘›ǡ•‘ ‡˜‡”‡– –Š‡’”‡•‹†‡–Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š”‘—‰Š‰‘Žˆƒ†˜ƒ”‹‘—••‘ ‹ƒŽƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•™‡ „‡‰ƒ –‘ ‡‡– •‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡„‡”• ƒ† –Š‡‹” ™‹˜‡•Ǥ Š‡› ™‡”‡ ‡š–”‡‡Ž› ‰”ƒ ‹‘—• ƒ† ˆ”‹‡†Ž›Ǥ ‘‡ „‡ ƒ‡ Ž‹ˆ‡Ž‘‰ ˆ”‹‡†•Ǥ ˜‡”›‘‡•‡‡‡†–‘„‡Šƒ˜‹‰ƒ‰‘‘†–‹‡Ǥ›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡™‡‡ ™‡™‡”‡ƒ‹‰’Žƒ•–‘ƒ––‡†–Š‡ͳͻ͹͸‡‡–‹‰ƒ––Š‡ƒ—ƒ‡ƒ ‡ƒ Š ‘–‡Ž‹ ƒ™ƒ‹‹Ǥ–Š‡Žƒ•–‹‰Š–ǡ†—”‹‰–Š‡„ƒ“—‡–ǡ‡†‡ŽŽ ‡†‡Ž–‘ ‘ˆ –‘” ƒ‡ǡ ‘™ƒǡ •‘Ž‹ ‹–‡† ̈́ͷͲ ‡ƒ Š ˆ”‘ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ‡„‡”• ˆ‘” ƒ ”ƒ’ •Š‘‘– ƒ– –Š‡ Š‘–‡Ž ƒ•‹‘Ǥ ‡ •‡Ž‡ –‡† Šƒ”Ž‹‡ ˜ƒ•• ƒ† ‡ –‘ †‘ –Š‡ •Š‘‘–‹‰Ǥ  †‘ǯ– –Š‹ ƒ› ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‘‘”• ‡š’‡ –‡†–‘•‡‡–Š‡‹”̈́ͷͲƒ‰ƒ‹ǤŠƒ”Ž‹‡ƒ† ‰‘–Š‘–Ǥ„‘—–ŠƒŽˆ™ƒ›

* ”Ǥ”— ‡”™ƒ•’”‡•‹†‡–‘ˆ–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›‹‹–•‹‡–‡‡–Š›‡ƒ”ǡƒ†ƒ’”‡•‹†‡Ǧ –‹ƒŽ‡••ƒ›„›Š‹™ƒ•’—„Ž‹•Š‡†‹˜‘Ž—‡ʹͲ‘ˆ–Š‡QuarterlyǡƒŽ‘‰™‹–Š–Š‘•‡‘ˆ ‘–Š‡”’”‡•‹†‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹”•––™‡–››‡ƒ”•Ǥ•‡Ž‡ –‹‘‘ˆ‘”‡Ǧ”‡ ‡–‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ‡š ‡”’–‡† ˆ”‘ Š‹• Ž‡‰–Š› —’—„Ž‹•Š‡† Š‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽ ‡••ƒ›ǡ DzŠ‡ ˜‘Ž—–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ ‹‡–› ‘ˆ ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǡdz ‹• ‹ Ž—†‡† Š‡”‡ ‹ –Š‹• ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ ”‡‹‹• ‡ ‡•‘ˆŠ‹••— ‡••‘”•‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ•––Š”‡‡†‡ ƒ†‡•Ǥ

ͷ ͸     

–Š”‘—‰Šǡ‡†‡ŽŽ•ƒ‹†ǡDz –ǯ•–‹‡–‘’ƒ›ƒ†‹˜‹†‡†Ǥdz‡‹‰‘”‡†Š‹ ƒ†‡’–•Š‘‘–‹‰Ǥ˜‡–—ƒŽŽ›ǡ™‡–”‹’Ž‡†–Š‡‹˜‡•–‡–•Ǥ –‹•‘‡‘ˆ –Š‡ƒ›ˆ‘†‡‘”‹‡• •–‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡‘ˆ–Šƒ–‡‡–‹‰ǤŠ‡‡„‡”• ™‡”‡ •’‡ ‹ƒŽǤŠ‡ ’”‘Š‹„‹–‹‘ƒ‰ƒ‹•– –ƒŽ‹‰ ƒ„‘—– ›‘—” ƒ•‡• ™ƒ• ‘ˆ‘”–‹‰Ǥ  Š‡ ƒ””‹˜‡†ƒ–›†‡•‹ˆ”‘œ‡‡„”ƒ•ƒ‘–Š‡‘†ƒ› ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ –Š‡ ‡‡–‹‰  Šƒ† ƒ Ž‡––‡” ™ƒ‹–‹‰ ˆ‘” ‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ†‡›‘ˆ”‹ƒŽƒ™›‡”•ƒ†˜‹•‹‰‡–Šƒ– Šƒ†„‡‡ ƒ†‹––‡†–‘–Š‡ ƒ†‡›ǤŠ‡‡š–‡‡–‹‰™ƒ•• Š‡†—Ž‡†‹‡ƒ”Ž› ƒ” Š ƒ– –Š‡ –Ǥ ‡‰‹• ‘–‡Ž ‹ ‡™ ‘” ‹–›ǡ ™Š‡”‡  ™‘—Ž† „‡ ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ›‹†— –‡†Ǥ ™ƒ•ƒƒœ‡†Ǥ ƒ††‹–‹‘–‘„‡‹‰ƒ‰”‡ƒ–Š‘‘”ǡ ‹– ’”‡•‡–‡† ‡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘’’‘”–—‹–› –‘ ‘’ƒ”‡ –Š‡•‡ –™‘ ‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰ Š‘‘”ƒ”› •‘ ‹‡–‹‡•Ǥ •  Ž‡ƒ”‡† ‹ –Š‡ Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ‘ˆ ‡‹‰ǡ™‡‘™‘Ž›„› ‘’ƒ”‹•‘Ǥ  Š‡ ‡‡–‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡  ƒ†‡› ™ƒ• •Š‘”–‡”Ǥ ‡ ƒ””‹˜‡† ‘ Š—”•†ƒ›Ǥ ”‹†ƒ›ǡ–Š‡”‡™ƒ•ƒ•Š‘”–’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘„›ƒŽƒ™›‡” ˆ”‘‡™‘”ǡˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†„›ƒ•’‡‡ Š„›–Š‡‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ†‡›Ǥ Šƒ–™ƒ•–Š‡’”‘‰”ƒǤƒ–—”†ƒ›‹‰Š–ƒ–ƒ„Žƒ Ǧ–‹‡†‹‡”ǡ ™‡ ™‡”‡ ‹†— –‡† „› –Š‡ ’”‡•‹†‡–ǡ ™Š‘ ƒ†‡ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ‘‡–• ƒ„‘—–‡ƒ Š‘ˆ—•ǤŠ‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™•ƒ––Š‡ ƒ†‡›‡‡–‹‰•‡‡‡†‘Ž†‡” ƒ†‘”‡”‡•‡”˜‡†ǤŠ‡”‡™ƒ•‘–— Š‘’’‘”–—‹–›ˆ‘” ‘ŽŽ‡‰‹ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ Š‡”‡™ƒ•‘’”‘Š‹„‹–‹‘ƒ‰ƒ‹•––ƒŽ‹‰ƒ„‘—–›‘—” ƒ•‡•Ǥ  Šƒ– †‹†  Ž‡ƒ” ˆ”‘ › ‘’ƒ”‹•‘ǫ • ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ™‡ ‘‡ –‘‰‡–Š‡” ‘ ‡ ƒ ›‡ƒ” ˆ‘” ƒ ™‡‡ ƒ– ƒ ˆ‹˜‡Ǧ•–ƒ” ”‡•‘”–™Š‡”‡™‡ƒ”‡’”‡•‡–‡†™‹–Š‡š ‡ŽŽ‡–’”‘‰”ƒ•ǡ‘”‰ƒ‹œ‡† •’‘”–‹‰ ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡• ‹ Ž—†‹‰ ‰‘Žˆǡ –‡‹•ǡ ƒ† Š‘”•‡„ƒ  ”‹†‹‰ǡ —‡”‘—• ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡• ˆ‘” •‘ ‹ƒŽ ‹–‡” ‘—”•‡ǡ ƒ† ƒ ‰”‘—’ ‘ˆ ‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰–”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”•ˆ”‘„‘–Š•‹†‡•‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘—•‡Ž–ƒ„Ž‡ ™Š‘ ‡˜‡” –ƒŽ ƒ„‘—– –Š‡‹” ƒ•‡•ȄŒ—•– Šƒ˜‡ ˆ—Ǥ Šƒ– ‹• ™Šƒ– –Š‡ ˆ‘—†‡”•‡˜‹•‹‘‡†Ǥ   ƒ––‡†‡† ‡˜‡”› ƒ—ƒŽ ‡‡–‹‰ ‡š ‡’– ‘‡ ˆ”‘ ͳͻ͹ͷ –‘ ʹͲͲ͸ǡ ƒ† ƒŽŽ •—‡” „‘ƒ”† ‡‡–‹‰• ‡š ‡’– –™‘ ˆ”‘ ͳͻ͹͹ –‘ ʹͲͲͷǤ‹ ‡ʹͲͲͷ›ƒ––‡†ƒ ‡Šƒ•„‡ ‘‡‘”‡•’‘”ƒ†‹ Ǥ  —”‹‰ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– –™‡–›Ǧˆ‹˜‡ ›‡ƒ”• ™‡ ‡ ‘—–‡”‡† ˜ƒ”‹‘—•     ͹ 

•–”— –—”ƒŽ’”‘„Ž‡•™‹–Š‹–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‹•ƒ†‹• —••‹‘‘ˆ –Š”‡‡‘ˆ–Š‘•‡’”‘„Ž‡•ǡƒ†™Šƒ–™‡†‹†–‘”‡ –‹ˆ›–Š‡Ǥ

Convention Dates and Management  › ˆ‹”•– –Š”‡‡ ƒ—ƒŽ ‡‡–‹‰• ‹ —‡”–‘ ‹ ‘ǡ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ǡ ƒ† ƒŽ ’”‹‰•ǡ ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒǡ ™‡”‡ ƒŽŽ Š‡Ž† ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– –™‘ ™‡‡• ‘ˆ ƒ—ƒ”›ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‡š– ‡‡–‹‰ ™ƒ• • Š‡†—Ž‡† ˆ‘”–Š‡ •ƒ‡ –‹‡‹ ‘ ƒ ƒ–‘ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒǤ —”‹‰ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– –™‘ ™‡‡• ‘ˆ ƒ—ƒ”›ǡ –Š‡”‡ ™‡”‡™‡ƒ–Š‡”’”‘„Ž‡•ƒ–‡ƒ Š‘ˆ–Š‘•‡Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘•‡š ‡’–‘–Š‡™‡•– ‘ƒ•–‘ˆ–Š‡ •Žƒ†‘ˆ ƒ™ƒ‹‹™Š‡”‡–Š‡ƒ—ƒ‡ƒ‡ƒ Š ‘–‡Ž™ƒ• Ž‘ ƒ–‡†Ǥ —‡”–‘‹ ‘–Š‡‰‘Žˆ ‘—”•‡™ƒ•˜‡”›™‡–Ǥ ƒŽ’”‹‰• –Š‡ ‡˜‡‹‰• ™‡”‡ Š‹ŽŽ›ǡ ƒ† ™Š‹Ž‡ ™‡ ™‡”‡ –Š‡”‡ ™‡ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† ”‡’‘”–•‘ˆŠ‡ƒ˜›”ƒ‹•‹‘ ƒƒ–‘ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒǡ‘—”‡š–‡‡–‹‰•‹–‡Ǥ ‡ƒ”–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡‡‡–‹‰‹ƒŽ’”‹‰•ǡ‹ͳͻ͹͹ǡ‘—‰ ‹ŽŽƒǡ –Š‡‡™Ž›‡Ž‡ –‡†’”‡•‹†‡–ǡƒ’’‘‹–‡†‡š ‘›ƒ†‡–‘ ‘†— –ƒ •–—†›‘ˆˆ—–—”‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘•‹–‡•Ǥ  – –Šƒ– –‹‡ –Š‡ ‘•– •— ‡••ˆ—Ž –”ƒ˜‡Ž ƒ‰‡ › ‹ ‹ ‘Žǡ ‡„”ƒ•ƒǡ™Š‡”‡ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡†ǡ™ƒ•‹ ‘Ž‘—”Ƭ”ƒ˜‡ŽǤ‹ŽŽƒ”Ž‡› ™ƒ• –Š‡ ƒƒ‰‡”Ǥ ‡ Šƒ† ƒŽ•‘ „‡‡ –Š‡ ˆ‘”‡ƒ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Œ—”› ‹ ƒ ƒŒ‘” ƒ•‡ –Šƒ–  Šƒ† –”‹‡† ƒ ›‡ƒ” ‘”•‘ ‡ƒ”Ž‹‡”ǡ•‘  ƒŽŽ‡† Š‹ ˆ‘” ƒ†˜‹ ‡Ǥ ’”‘˜‹†‡†Š‹™‹–Š‘—”•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘•ǣ•ƒŽŽ‡”ˆ‘—”Ǧ‘”ˆ‹˜‡Ǧ •–ƒ” ”‡•‘”–•ǡ ‹ –Š‡ ‹–‡† –ƒ–‡• ƒ† –Š‡ ƒ”‹„„‡ƒ –Šƒ– Šƒ† ‰‘‘† ‰‘Žˆǡ ‰‘‘† –‡‹•ǡ ƒ† ‰‘‘† ™‡ƒ–Š‡”Ǥ ‡ ’”‘˜‹†‡† ‡ ™‹–Š ƒ ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ ƒ—ƒŽ –Šƒ– ƒ•™‡”‡† ‘•– ‘ˆ › ‘ ‡”•Ǥ ‡ ƒ•™‡”‡†–Š‡”‡•–Ǥ  Šƒ–™ƒ•‹‡†‹ƒ–‡Ž›‘„˜‹‘—•™ƒ•–Šƒ––Š‡”‡™‡”‡‘˜‡—‡• ‹ –Š‡ ‹–‡† –ƒ–‡• ‘” –Š‡ ƒ”‹„„‡ƒ –Šƒ– ‘—Ž† ‰—ƒ”ƒ–‡‡ ‰‘‘† ™‡ƒ–Š‡”„‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡‹††Ž‡‘ˆƒ” Šǡƒ†Žƒ–‡”ǡ‹ˆ›‘— Š‘•‡ƒŽ‘ ƒ–‹‘ ƒ„‘˜‡ –Š‡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ ˆ”‘•– Ž‹‡Ǥ › ”‡’‘”– ‹ Ž—†‡† –Š‹• ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ’Ž—•–Š‡†‡• ”‹’–‹‘‘ˆ•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰”‡•‘”–•‹–Š‡ƒ”‹„„‡ƒǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒǡƒ†”‹œ‘ƒǤŠ‡”‡“—‹”‡‡–‘ˆ‰‘‘†‰‘Žˆƒ†–‡‹•™ƒ•ƒ Ž‹‹–‹‰ˆƒ –‘”ǤŠ‡’”‘Ž‹ˆ‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡š ‡ŽŽ‡–”‡•‘”–•‹”‹œ‘ƒƒ† ‘—–Š‡” ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ ™ƒ• Œ—•– „‡‰‹‹‰ǡ •‘ –Š‡ Š‘‹ ‡• –Š‡”‡ ™‡”‡ Ž‹‹–‡†Ǥ ͺ     

 Š‡ †‹†–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ” Šǡ‹–„‡ ƒ‡‘„˜‹‘—•–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ—ƒ‡ƒ ‡ƒ Š ‘–‡Ž Šƒ† „‡‡ †”‹˜‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǯ ƒ—ƒŽ ‡‡–‹‰ • Š‡†—Ž‡Ǥ – ™ƒ• ƒ ˜‡”› ’‘’—Žƒ” †‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š ‘—” ‡„‡”•ǡ ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ› –Š‘•‡ ”‡•‹†‹‰‹ –Š‡ —’’‡” ‹†™‡•–ǡ „‡ ƒ—•‡ ‹– ™ƒ• –Š‡ „‡•–”‡•‘”–Š‘–‡Ž‹ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ƒ––Šƒ––‹‡ǡƒ†ǡ‹–Šƒ†ƒ„‡ƒ—–‹ˆ—Ž„‡ƒ Šǡ ‡š ‡ŽŽ‡– ‰‘Žˆ ƒ† –‡‹•ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ƒ—ƒŽ ”ƒ‹ˆƒŽŽ ™ƒ• ƒ„‘—– –™‘ ‹ Š‡•Ǥ—–‹–™‘—Ž†‘––ƒ‡Žƒ”‰‡‰”‘—’•‘” ‘˜‡–‹‘•ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡ •‡ ‘†™‡‡‘ˆ ƒ—ƒ”›ǤŠ‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•‡––Š‡”‡‡˜‡”›–Š‹”†›‡ƒ” †—”‹‰ –Š‡ •‡ ‘† ™‡‡ ‘ˆ ƒ—ƒ”›Ǥ Š‡ ‡‡–‹‰• ‹ ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ƒ”‹„„‡ƒ ™‡”‡ • Š‡†—Ž‡† ƒ– –Š‡ •ƒ‡ –‹‡ ‹ ƒ—ƒ”›Ǥ‡”‡ ‘‡†‡†–Šƒ––Š‡‡‡–‹‰•‘–Š‡ƒ‹Žƒ†ƒ†‹ –Š‡ ƒ”‹„„‡ƒ „‡ • Š‡†—Ž‡† ƒˆ–‡” ƒ” Š ͳͷ–ŠǤ – ™ƒ• ƒ’’”‘˜‡†Ǥ Ž–‹ƒ–‡Ž›ǡ–Š‡’”‘Ž‹ˆ‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡™ˆ‹˜‡Ǧ•–ƒ”Š‘–‡Ž•‹ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ƒ†‡ –Š‡ƒ—ƒ‡ƒ”—Ž‡•‹””‡Ž‡˜ƒ–Ǥ  ‡ ƒŽ•‘ ”‡ ‘‡†‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–› ‡‰ƒ‰‡ ƒ ”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ –”ƒ˜‡Ž ƒ‰‡ › –‘ ‘†— – ‡‰‘–‹ƒ–‹‘• ™‹–Š ’”‘•’‡ –‹˜‡ Š‘–‡Ž• ƒ† Šƒ†Ž‡ƒŽŽ–”ƒ˜‡Žƒ””ƒ‰‡‡–•ˆ‘”‘—”‡„‡”•ƒ†‰—‡•–•ǤŠ‡”‡ ™‡”‡ ƒŽ•‘ ’”‘„Ž‡• ‹ –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ƒǤ ‘ ƒ –‹‘ ™ƒ• –ƒ‡ ‘ –Šƒ– ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘ ƒ– –Šƒ– –‹‡Ǥ Š‡ ‡‡–‹‰• ˆ‘” ‘ ƒ ƒ–‘ ƒ† ƒ—ƒ‡ƒŠƒ†ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›„‡‡„‘‘‡†ǤŽ‡š‡™–‘‡Ž‡ –‡†–‘—•‡‹ŽŽ ƒ”Ž‡›ƒ†‹ ‘Ž‘—”ƒ†”ƒ˜‡Žˆ‘”Š‹•‡‡–‹‰‘–Š‡‹•Žƒ†‘ˆ –Ǥ ƒƒ”–‡ ‹ ͳͻͺͲǤ ˜‡–—ƒŽŽ›ǡ ‹ ‘Ž ‘—” Ƭ ”ƒ˜‡Ž ƒ† –Š‡‹” •— ‡••‘”ǡ”ƒ˜‡ŽƬ”ƒ•’‘”–ǡ„‡ ƒ‡–Š‡ˆ—ŽŽǦ–‹‡–”ƒ˜‡Žƒ‰‡ ›ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ ‹–Š –Š‡‹” ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ ƒ••‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ –”ƒ˜‡Ž ƒ† Š‘–‡Ž ƒ””ƒ‰‡‡–•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡‹’”‘˜‡†ǡ‹‡ƒ•—”ƒ„Ž›Ǥ

Administrative Secretary Succession  ––ƒ‹‡‰‡Žǯ••—‡”‘ƒ”†‡‡–‹‰‹‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘’”‹‰•‹ ͳͻͺͲǡ‘—‰”ƒ‰‰ǡ™Š‘Šƒ†„‡‡•‡”˜‹‰ƒ•ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡•‡ ”‡–ƒ”› •‹ ‡Š‹•’ƒ”–‡” ‹ƒ””‹‰ƒŠƒ†„‡‡ƒ’’‘‹–‡†–‘–Š‡‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘ —’”‡‡‘—”–‹ͳͻ͹͸ǡƒ‘— ‡†–Šƒ–ǡ„‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡’”‡••—”‡•‘ˆ Š‹•’”ƒ –‹ ‡ǡŠ‡™ƒ•”‡•‹‰‹‰Ǥ‹‡‰‡Ž•‡‡‡†•—”’”‹•‡†ǡ„‡ ƒ—•‡Š‡ •ƒ‹†ǡ DzŠ‘ ™‹ŽŽ ™‡ ‰‡–ǫdz  Šƒ† Š‡ƒ”† ‘Š ‡‡† •’‡ƒ –‘ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•‘–Š”‡‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‘ ƒ•‹‘•Ǥ ‹•ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š–Š‡–”‹ƒŽ     ͻ 

„ƒ” ™ƒ• Ž‡‰‡†ƒ”›ǡ ƒ† Š‡ Šƒ† „‡‡ •‡”˜‹‰ ƒ• ‡†‹–‘” ‘ˆ –Š‡ Quarterly•‹ ‡ͳͻ͹ͻǤ ‹–Š‘—– Š‡•‹–ƒ–‹‘  •ƒ‹† Dz ‘™ ƒ„‘—– ‘Š ‡‡†ǫdz‹‡‰‡Ž•ƒ‹†ǡDzŠƒ–ǯ•ƒ‰”‡ƒ–‹†‡ƒǤdz‹ŽŽ Žƒ•ƒ’ǡ™Š‘™ƒ•ˆ‹”•– ˜‹ ‡’”‡•‹†‡–ƒ†Šƒ†„‡‡ƒ•–—†‡–‘ˆ ‘Šǯ•ǡ•ƒ‹†ǡDz ™‹ŽŽ ‘–ƒ – Š‹Ǥdz‡‡˜‡”˜‘–‡†Ǥ‡†‹†ǯ–Šƒ˜‡–‘Ǥ ‘Š™ƒ•‘„‘ƒ”†„‡ˆ‘”‡ –Š‡ƒ—ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰‹Š‘‡‹šǤ –™ƒ•–Š‡„‡•–‘˜‡™‡‡˜‡”ƒ†‡Ǥ

The Enlargement of the Board of Governors  ”‹‘” –‘ ƒ” ‘„‹•‘ǯ• •—‡” „‘ƒ”† ‡‡–‹‰ ƒ– ‡„„Ž‡ ‡ƒ Šǡ ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ ‹ –Š‡ •—‡” ‘ˆ ͳͻͺͻǡ  •‡– ƒ ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ –‘ ƒŽŽ ‘ƒ”†‡„‡”•ƒ†’ƒ•–’”‡•‹†‡–•–‘‹ ”‡ƒ•‡–Š‡•‹œ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘ƒ”† ‘ˆ ‘˜‡”‘”•Ǥ  †‹† –Š‹• „‡ ƒ—•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž–› ™‡ ™‡”‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‹‰ ‹ •‡Ž‡ –‹‰ ‘‹‡‡• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ’‘•‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ •‡ ”‡–ƒ”›Ȃ –”‡ƒ•—”‡”ƒ†„‡ ƒ—•‡ ˆ‡Ž––Šƒ––Š‡‰”‘™‹‰‡„‡”•Š‹’†‡•‡”˜‡† „”‘ƒ†‡” ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Ž•‘ǡ –Š‡”‡ ™‡”‡ ‘ ˆ‘”ƒŽ –‡” Ž‹‹–•Ǥ ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡„‡”•Šƒ†„‡‡•‡”˜‹‰—Ž–‹’Ž‡–‡”•Ǥ  ”ƒ‹‰ ’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰ ƒ‡ –‘ –Šƒ– ‡‡–‹‰ ƒ† ‘’’‘•‡† –Š‡ ’”‘’‘•ƒŽǤ ‡ ™ƒ• ˆ‡ƒ”ˆ—Ž –Šƒ– ‹ˆ ™‡ ‡Žƒ”‰‡† –Š‡ ‘ƒ”†ǡ ™‡ ™‘—Ž† •–ƒ”–ˆ‘”‹‰ ‘‹––‡‡•ǡ„‡‰‹‡•’‘—•‹‰ ƒ—•‡•ǡƒ†„‡‰‹†”‹ˆ–‹‰ ƒ™ƒ›ˆ”‘–Š‡•‹’Ž‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†„›–Š‡ˆ‘—†‡”•Ǥ ƒ••—”‡† Š‹ –Šƒ– –Š‹• ™ƒ• ‘– › ‹–‡–‹‘ǡ „—– –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‰”‘™‹‰ ‡„‡”•Š‹’ †‡•‡”˜‡† „”‘ƒ†‡” ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‘‹ƒ–‹‰ ‘‹––‡‡ ‡‡†‡† „”‘ƒ†‡” ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ •‘ –Šƒ– ™‡ ™‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ ‰‘‘† Š‘‹ ‡• ˆ‘” –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’ ’‘•‹–‹‘•Ǥ ƒ› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡„‡”• ‡š’”‡••‡† –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ‘ ‡”•Ǥ Š‡  –‘Ž† ”ƒ‹‰ –Šƒ– –™‘ ’ƒ•– ’”‡•‹†‡–• ƒ† ‘‡ —””‡– ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡” ‰”‡™ —’ ‘ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ •–”‡‡– ‹ ‹”‹‰ŠƒǡŽƒ„ƒƒǡŠ‡”‡Ž‡–‡†Ǥ  Š‡’”‡•‹†‡–ƒ’’‘‹–‡†ƒƒ†Š‘  ‘‹––‡‡‘ˆ–Š”‡‡ǡŠ‡ƒ†‡† „›”ƒ‹‰ǡ–‘†”ƒˆ–ƒˆ‘”ƒŽƒ‡†‡––‘–Š‡„›Žƒ™•Ǥ –™ƒ• ƒ’’”‘˜‡† —ƒ‹‘—•Ž›Ǥ – Šƒ• „‡‡ ˜‡”› ‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡Ǥ Š‡ ”‡’”‡•‡–Ǧ –ƒ–‹‘‹•„”‘ƒ†‡”ǡƒ†–Š‡‘‹ƒ–‹‰ ‘‹––‡‡Šƒ•„‡‡’”‘˜‹†‡† ™‹–Š‘”‡‰‘‘† Š‘‹ ‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡—Ž–‹ƒ–‡’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ’”‡•‹†‡–Ǥ ̱̱̱   ͳͲ     

 Šƒ˜‡Šƒ†ƒ†‡‡’Ž‘˜‡ƒˆˆƒ‹”™‹–Š–Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘ ‹‡–›‘ˆ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ˆ‘” ƒŽ‘•– ˆ‘”–› ›‡ƒ”•Ǥ  ƒ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ ™‹–Š ƒ ’”‘ˆ‡••Ǧ •‹‘ƒŽ‡–‹–›–Šƒ–Žƒ•–•–Šƒ–Ž‘‰–Š‡”‡™‹ŽŽƒŽ™ƒ›•„‡•‘‡•–”— –—”ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡•ǡ „—– –Š‡”‡ •Š‘—Ž† ‡˜‡” „‡ Šƒ‰‡• –Šƒ– ƒ„ƒ†‘ –Š‡ ˆ‘—†‹‰ ’”‹ ‹’Ž‡ǣ –Š‡ ’”‡•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘—” •›•–‡ ‘ˆ ƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›ǡ ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›–”‹ƒŽ„›Œ—”›ǡ„›„”‹‰‹‰–‘‰‡–Š‡”ƒ–‘—”‡‡–‹‰• ‡˜‡”› ›‡ƒ” –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ –”‡ Š‡• ‘ „‘–Š •‹†‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘—•‡Ž –ƒ„Ž‡–‘‡Œ‘›–Š‡™‘†‡”ˆ—Žˆ‡ŽŽ‘™•Š‹’‘ˆ–Š‹•‰”‡ƒ–‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ  ––Š‡ƒ—ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰‹ƒ’Ž‡•ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒǡ‹ͳͻͺͻǡ ™ƒ•ƒ•‡† –‘ ‹–”‘†— ‡ ‘ ƒ„‡”–ǡ –Š‡ †‹–‘” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ”‹ƒŽ ƒ™›‡”• ‘ˆ ‡”‹ ƒǤ ‘ ƒ†  Šƒ† ‘™ ‡ƒ Š ‘–Š‡” ˆ‘” •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ›‡ƒ”•Ǥ”‹‘”–‘Š‹••’‡‡ ŠŠ‡ƒ•‡†‡™Šƒ––Š‡”ƒ–‹‘™ƒ•„‡–™‡‡ ’Žƒ‹–‹ˆˆƒ††‡ˆ‡•‡Žƒ™›‡”•™‹–Š‹–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ –‘Ž†Š‹™‡†‹† ‘– ‘™ǡ ƒ† ™‡ †‹† ‘– ƒ”‡Ǥ —”•—ƒ– –‘ –Š‡ ’”‹ ‹’Ž‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘—†‡”•ǡ™‡‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡†–Š‡‘‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰ƒ –‹˜‡–”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”•™‹–Š‘—–”‡‰ƒ”†–‘–Š‡‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹” Ž‹‡–„ƒ•‡Ǥ  ‘ –Š‡ ’”‡•‡– ƒ† ˆ—–—”‡ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–› ƒ† –Š‡‹” Ž‡ƒ†‡”• •ƒ›ǡDzŽ‡ƒ•‡‡‡’‹––Šƒ–™ƒ›Ǥdz CARLETON R. (TEX) HOY

SIOUX FALLS,SOUTH DAKOTA PRESIDENT 1988   ‡ƒ” ‘Šȏ‡‡†Ȑǣ  Š‡  ƒ‡ ‹–‘ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ‹ ͳͻ͹ʹǡ ‘„ —‹‰Šƒǡ ‘„‹Ž‡ǡŽƒ„ƒƒǡ™ƒ•”‡•‹†‡–ǡƒ†Ž‡š‡™–‘ǡ‹”‹‰Šƒǡƒ† ƒŽ–‡” ›ƒ”•ǡ ‘–‰‘‡”›ǡ ™‡”‡ •‡ ‘† ‹ ‘ƒ†Ǥ Šƒ– •‹’Ž› –‡ŽŽ• ›‘— ™Šƒ– ƒ ‹’ƒ – Žƒ„ƒƒ Šƒ† ‘ ‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ˜‡”› „‡‰‹‹‰Ǥ  ––Šƒ–ˆ‹”•–‡‡–‹‰‹ ƒ’—Ž ‘ǡ‡š ƒ™‹•ƒ† ‘Š ”‡‡” ’‘•‡†ƒ•’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š‡”•ˆ‘”•‘‡ˆƒ•Š‹‘ƒ‰ƒœ‹‡ƒ––Š‡•™‹‹‰ ’‘‘ŽǤ Š‡› ™‡”‡ †‡ ‡† ‘—– ™‹–Š ƒŽŽ ‹†• ‘ˆ ’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š‹  ‡“—‹’‡–ǡ ƒ† ƒ””ƒ‰‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ ›‘—‰ Žƒ†‹‡• ƒ”‘—† –Š‡ ’‘‘Ž –‘ ’‘•‡‹˜ƒ”‹‘—•’‘•–—”‡•–‘Šƒ˜‡–Š‡‹”’‹ –—”‡•–ƒ‡ˆ‘”’‘••‹„Ž‡—•‡ ‹ –Š‡‹” ƒ‰ƒœ‹‡ǡ ™Šƒ–‡˜‡” ‹– ™ƒ•Ǥ ˆ–‡” ™ƒ– Š‹‰ –Š‡ ‘’‡”ƒ–‡ –Š”‘—‰Š‘—––Š‡ƒˆ–‡”‘‘ǡ Ž‡ƒ”‡†Žƒ–‡”–Šƒ––Š‡›Šƒ†‘ˆ‹Ž‹ƒ› ƒ‡”ƒǡƒ†–Šƒ–™ƒ•’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‹‘’”‘ ‡••–Šƒ–ˆ‹”•–›‡ƒ”  ƒ––‡†‡†Ǥ  ‹ŽŽ ”ƒ–‡• ™ƒ• ’”‡•‹†‡– ƒ– –Š‡ –‹‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ͳͻ͹͵ ‡‡–‹‰ ƒ– ‹•‡›‘”Ž†Ǥ ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡‡‡–‹‰ǡ–Š‡‰”‘—’„‘ƒ”†‡†ƒ„—•–‘‰‘ –‘ ‹ƒ‹ –‘ ƒ– Š ƒ ”—‹•‡ –‘ ƒ••ƒ—Ǥ Š‡ •Š‹’ǡ The Emerald Seasǡ ™ƒ•ǯ––Š‡’”‹œ‡‘ˆƒ›ˆŽ‡‡–ƒ†Ž‹•–‡†ƒŽŽ–Š‡™ƒ›–‘ƒ••ƒ—Ǥ‘ Šƒ†Ž‡”ǡ”‹œ‘ƒǡ™ƒ•‘–Š‡•Š‹’™‹–Š—•Ǥ ‡Ž‡ƒ”‡†”‹‰Š–‘ˆˆ–Š‡ „ƒ– –Šƒ– –Š‡ †”—‡” ‹ –Š‡ „ƒ† ™ƒ• –Š‡ ƒ’–ƒ‹ ‘ˆ Š‹• Ž‹ˆ‡„‘ƒ–Ǥ ‘ ™ƒ• †‡ƒ–ŠŽ› ƒˆ”ƒ‹† ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡”ǡ ƒ† ™‘—Ž† ƒ’’‡ƒ” ƒ– –Š‡ †‹‡” –ƒ„Ž‡‹–Š‡‡˜‡‹‰™‡ƒ”‹‰Š‹•‘˜‡”•‹œ‡†Ž‹ˆ‡Œƒ ‡–ǡ™Š‹ ŠŠ‡‡’– ‘ƒ–ƒŽŽ–‹‡•Ǥ  Š‡ ‹‰Š– „‡ˆ‘”‡ ™‡ ”‡–—”‡† –‘ ‹ƒ‹ǡ –Š‡ Ž—‰‰ƒ‰‡ ™ƒ• ‰ƒ–Š‡”‡†ƒ†’—–‹’Žƒ ‡„›–Š‡•–‡™ƒ”†•Ǥ‘‡Š‘™ǡ‘Šƒ†Ž‡” ˆ‘”‰‘––‘Ž‡ƒ˜‡Š‹•–”‘—•‡”•‘—–ǡ•‘–Š‡›™‡”‡‹–Š‡Ž—‰‰ƒ‰‡–Šƒ–™ƒ• ’Žƒ ‡† ™Š‡”‡˜‡”Ǥ ‘ǡ ‡ƒ”Ž› ‹ –Š‡ ‘”‹‰ǡ ‘ǯ• ™‹ˆ‡ Šƒ† –‘ •‘”–

ͳͳ ͳʹ     

–Š”‘—‰ŠͶͲͲͲ‘”•‘‹†‡–‹ ƒŽŽ—‰‰ƒ‰‡’‹‡ ‡•–”›‹‰–‘ˆ‹†–Š‡‹”‘™ǡ ™Š‹ Š•Š‡†‹†ǡƒ†‘™ƒ•ƒ„Ž‡–‘Ž‡ƒ˜‡–Š‡•Š‹’™‹–ŠŠ‹•”‡‰—Žƒ” ™ƒ”†”‘„‡Ǥ  ‘‡–‹‡ Žƒ–‡” ‘ǡ ‹ŽŽ  ƒ‹‡Žǡ ‹”‹‰Šƒǡ „‡ ƒ‡ ƒ ‡„‡”ǤŠ‡ˆ‹”•–†ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘‘–Ǥƒƒ”–‡ǡ ’Žƒ›‡†‰‘Žˆ ™‹–Š ‹ŽŽǤ —” ˆ‘—”•‘‡ ™‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ‘—’Ž‡ „‡‡”• ƒŽ‘‰ –Š‡ ™ƒ›Ǥ ƒ–‡ ‹ –Š‡ ”‘—†ǡ ‹ŽŽ ™‘—Ž† •–ƒ”– Ž‘‘‹‰ ˆ‘” –Š‡ Žƒ†› †”‹˜‹‰ –Š‡ ”‡ˆ”‡•Š‡– ˜‡Š‹ Ž‡Ǥ ‡ ™‘—Ž† •’‘– Š‡”ǡ ƒ† •Š‘—– ƒ ”‘•• –Š‡ ˆƒ‹”™ƒ›ǡDz—”•›ǡ—”•›ǡ ƒ•‹‹‰Ǥdz  —”‹‰–Š‡™‡‡ǡ‹ŽŽ ‘—Ž†‘–ˆ‹†Š‹•”‡–—”ƒ‹”’Žƒ‡–‹ ‡–•ǡ ƒ†™ƒ• ‡”–ƒ‹–Šƒ–Š‹•™‹ˆ‡ǡƒ ›ǡŠƒ†Ž‘•––Š‡ǤŽŽ™‡‡Ž‘‰ǡŠ‡ ™ƒ•“—‡•–‹‘‹‰Š‡”ƒ†’”‘„ƒ„Ž›‡˜‡”›„‘†›‡Ž•‡Ǥ—”–”ƒ˜‡Žƒ‰‡–ǡ ƒ›‡‡ ”‹–œǡ‘ˆ‹ ‘Ž‘—”Ƭ”ƒ˜‡Žǡ™ƒ•ƒ„Ž‡–‘‘„–ƒ‹•—„•–‹–—–‡ –‹ ‡–•ƒ†Šƒ†–Š‡–‘‹ŽŽ„›–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡™‡‡Ǥ  Š‡Žƒ•–†ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘ǡ™‡’Žƒ›‡†‰‘Žˆƒ‰ƒ‹Ǥ ƒ‹‡Ž ”‡ƒ Š‡† ‹–‘ Š‹• ‰‘Žˆ „ƒ‰ ƒ† ˆ‘—† Š‹• Ž‘•– –‹ ‡–•Ǥ Ž‡š ‡™–‘ ƒŽ™ƒ›• †‡• ”‹„‡†  ƒ‹‡Ž ‹ –Š‹• ˆƒ•Š‹‘ǣ Dz ƒ‹‡Žǡ ‹ˆ ›‘— Šƒ† ƒ ‡”˜‘—•„”‡ƒ†‘™ǡ‘‘‡‹–Š‡™‘”Ž†™‘—Ž†‡˜‡”‘™‹–Ǥdz   –Š‡” •’‡ ‹ƒŽ ‘‡–• ™‡”‡ ƒ– ‘Š ”‡‡”ǯ• •—‡” ‘ƒ”† ‡‡–‹‰ ‹ ͳͻͺ͵ ƒ– ƒ‡ ‘„‘Œ‹ ‹ ‘™ƒǤ ‘Š ™ƒ• ƒ ˜‡”› •’‡ ‹ƒŽ ‰—›ǡ ƒ† ƒ ‡š ‡ŽŽ‡– •–‘”›–‡ŽŽ‡”Ǥ ‡ –‘Ž† –Š‡ •–‘”› ƒ„‘—– Š‹• †‘‰ǡ — ›ǡ ƒ† ”‹‡† –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ‡–‹”‡ –‡ŽŽ‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡•–‘”›Ǥ ˜‡”›„‘†› ‡Ž•‡‹–Š‡”‘‘™ƒ• ”›‹‰Ǥ    Š‡ ͳͻͺͺ •—‡” ‡‡–‹‰ ‹ ƒ •‘ ‘Ž‡ǡ ›‘‹‰ǡ ™ƒ• ƒ ˆƒ‹Ž›Ǧ–›’‡ •—‡” ‡‡–‹‰ǡ ƒ• •‘ ƒ› ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š‹Ž†”‡ ƒ––‡†‡† –Š‡‡‡–‹‰ǤŠ‡ ‘‘”ƒ„Ž‡‘„‡”–Ǥƒ ǡƒ›‘‹‰Œ—†‰‡ƒ†ƒ Œ—†‹ ‹ƒŽ ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǡ ƒ––‡†‡† –Šƒ– ‡‡–‹‰Ǥ Š‡ ‰”‘—’ Šƒ†’Žƒ‡†ƒ’‹ ‹ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ƒ”‹˜‡”–‘—”ǡƒ† —†‰‡ƒ Šƒ†–Š‡ Š‘–‡Ž Ž‹“—‘” Ž‹ ‡•‡ –”ƒ•ˆ‡””‡† –‘ ‘—” ‰”‘—’ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‡˜‡‹‰Ǥ – –—”‡†‘—––Šƒ––Š‡Š‘–‡Ž‰—‡•–•™‡”‡—ƒ„Ž‡–‘‰‡–ƒ†”‹–Šƒ–‹‰Š–ǡ „‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ —†‰‡ƒ ǯ•–ƒ‹‰ ƒ”‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ  › ‡‡–‹‰ ƒ– –Š‡ ‹–œ ƒ”Ž–‘ ‹ ƒ’Ž‡• ‹ ͳͻͺͺ ‡ƒ”Ž› „ƒ”—’–‡† –Š‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‘„ ƒ”–™”‹‰Š– Šƒ† „‡‡ –Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘ Šƒ‹”ƒǡ„—–†‹‡†„‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡‡‡–‹‰ǤŽ›–ƒ‹‡‰‡Ž     ͳ͵ 

‹ ƒ™ƒ‹‹‹ͳͻͺͲŠƒ†•’‡–‘”‡™‹–ŠŠ‹•ˆƒ‘—•‘” Š‹††”‘’Ǥ– ‡˜‡”›ƒ—ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰–Š‡”‡ƒˆ–‡”ǡ™‡™‡”‡• ‘Ž†‡†—–‹Ž™‡™‡–‘ˆˆ –Š‡’ƒ‰‡™‹–Š–Š‡’ƒ••‹‰‘ˆ›‡ƒ”•Ǥ  Ǩ  Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǡ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’ƒ†–Š‡ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’•–Šƒ–‡š‹•–‡† –Š”‘—‰Š‘—– –Š‘•‡ ›‡ƒ”•ǡ ‹• ’‡”ƒ‡–Ž› ‹’”‡••‡† ‘ ƒŽŽ ‘ˆ ‘—” „‘†‹‡•ƒ†•‘—Ž•ǤŠ‡‘•–’”‡ ‹‘—•ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’•–Šƒ–™‡ƒ†‡ƒŽ‘‰ –Š‡™ƒ›•–‹ŽŽ”‡ƒ‹ǡ™‹–Š–Š‡•‹’Ž‡ˆƒ ––Šƒ–›‘—ƒ†‘–•–‹ŽŽŠ‡ƒ† –Š‡Ž‹•–Ǥ  ‹–Š‹†‡•–”‡‰ƒ”†•ǡƒ†Ž‘˜‡–‘ƒŽŽ‘ˆ›‘—Ǥ    ‹ ‡”‡Ž›ǡ  ‡š ‘›         ͳͶ     

          ȗȗȗ CHARLES F. BLANCHARD

RALEIGH,NORTH CAROLINA PRESIDENT 1994  ‡ƒ” ‘Šƒ†‹‡ȏ‡ŽŽ›Ȑǣ  Šƒ˜‡‘–Š‹‰„—–’Ž‡ƒ•ƒ–‡‘”‹‡•ƒ„‘—––Š‡ Ǥ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ––‡†‡† –Š‡ ƒŒ‘”‹–› ‘ˆ ‹–• ƒ—ƒŽ ‡‡–‹‰• •‹ ‡ › ‹†— –‹‘ •‘‡ ˆ‘”–› ›‡ƒ”• ƒ‰‘ ƒ† ƒ› ‘ˆ ‹–• •—‡” „‘ƒ”† ‡‡–‹‰•Ǥ  ƒ‘–”‡ ƒŽŽƒ‘‡ˆ”‘™Š‹ Š †‹†‘– ‘‡„ƒ Š‘‡”‡ˆ”‡•Š‡† ƒ†‹•’‹”‡†–‘„‡ ‘‡ƒ„‡––‡”Žƒ™›‡”ƒ†ƒ†˜‘ ƒ–‡Ǥ  ‡ˆ‘”‡Œ‘‹‹‰–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”• ™ƒ•ƒ‹•—Žƒ”•‘”–‘ˆƒŽƒ™›‡”Ǥ Š‹•‘ ‹‡–›„”‘ƒ†‡‡†›˜‹•–ƒ•„›–ƒ‹‰›ˆƒ‹Ž›ƒ†‡–‘ ‡š‘–‹  ƒ† Š‹•–‘”‹  ’Žƒ ‡• ™Š‡”‡ ™‡ Š‡ƒ”† ƒ† ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š –ƒŽ‡–‡† Žƒ™›‡”• ƒ† Œ—†‰‡• ™Š‘ ™‡”‡ ™‹•‡ ƒ† •‘‡–‹‡• Š‹Žƒ”‹‘—•Ž› ˆ—›Ǥ  •‘‘ ”‡ ‘‰‹œ‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡  ™ƒ• –Š‡ ‘‡ •’‡ ‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”•ǯ ‰”‘—’ ‹ ™Š‹ Š  ’”‘—†Ž› „‡Ž‘‰‡†Ǥ  Šƒ˜‡ ‡˜‡” Šƒ‰‡†›‹†ƒ„‘—––Š‹•Ǥ  ™ƒ•’Ž‡ƒ•‡†–‘Š‘•–‘—”•—‡”‡‡–‹‰‹•Š‡˜‹ŽŽ‡ƒ––Š‡ Š‹•–‘”‹  ”‘˜‡ƒ” ǡ™‹–Š–‘—”•‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ”‰‡•– Šƒ–‡ƒ—‹‡”‹ ƒǡ –Š‡‹Ž–‘”‡ǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•Š‘ƒ•‘Žˆ‡ǯ•Š‘‡ƒ†–Š‡•–—‹‰Ž—‡ ‹†‰‡ƒ”™ƒ›ǡ™Š‹ Š ‹” Ž‡•–Š‡ ‹–›Ǥ  ‘–Š‡”Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‘ —””‡†™Š‡‹ ƒ›ƒ† •‡”˜‡†ƒ•˜‹ ‡ ’”‡•‹†‡– ƒ† ’”‡•‹†‡–ǡ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǡ ƒ– –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• ͳͻͻͷ ‘˜‡–‹‘ƒ––Š‡ ›ƒ––‘”ƒ†‘‡ƒ Š‡•‘”–‹‘”ƒ†‘ǡ—‡”–‘‹ ‘ǡ ™Š‹ Š ™ƒ• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† „› –Š‡ ‘ ‡ˆ‡ŽŽ‡” ˆƒ‹Ž› ‹ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”Ž› ͳͻͷͲ• ƒ†ƒ‹–ƒ‹‡†‹’”‹•–‹‡ ‘†‹–‹‘–‘–Š‡–—”‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡–—”›Ǥ  ‡ƒ–—”‡† •’‡ƒ‡”• ƒ– ‘—” ‘˜‡–‹‘ ‹ Ž—†‡† Žƒ ‹’•‘ǡ ‡ƒ–‘”ˆ”‘›‘‹‰Ǣ‘”†Ž›‘ˆ ƒ†Ž‡›ǡ ‘—•‡‘ˆ‘”†•ƒ† ‡„‡”‘ˆ–Š‡”‹˜›‘— ‹Ž‘ˆ‰Žƒ†ȋ”‘—‰ŠŽ›‡“—‹˜ƒŽ‡––‘–Š‡ —’”‡‡‘—”–ȌǢƒ†‘—”‘™ ‘Š‡‡†ǡ™Š‘ƒ•—•—ƒŽ–‘’’‡†ƒŽŽ ‘—”‘–Š‡”†‹•–‹‰—‹•Š‡†•’‡ƒ‡”•Ǥ  Š‡Š‘•’‹–ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆ‘—”—‡”–‘‹ ‘‡„‡”•™ƒ•ƒ•–‘‹•Š‹‰ǣ‹– ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡† ƒ ’ƒ‹•Š ‘Ž‘‹ƒŽ ‘•–—‡ „ƒŽŽ Š‡Ž† ƒ– –Š‡ ‘Ž† ƒ’‹–‘Ž ‹

ͳͷ ͳ͸     

†‘™–‘™ ƒ —ƒ ƒ† ƒ ƒƒœ‹‰ –Š‘”‘—‰Š„”‡† Š‘”•‡ •Š‘™ ‘ –Š‡‰”‘—†•‘ˆ–Š‡”‡•‘”–™Š‡”‡–Š‡Š‘”•‡•™‘—Ž† ‘‡”‹‰Š–—’–‘ –Š‡‘—–†‘‘”†‹‡”–ƒ„Ž‡•—†‡”–Š‡’‡”ˆ‡ – ‘–”‘Ž‘ˆ–Š‡‹”Šƒ†Ž‡”•Ǥ —” ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™ ‡„‡” Ž˜ƒ”‡œ ƒŽ†‡”אǡ ’”‘‹‡– Ž‡ƒ†‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ —ƒ„ƒ”ǡƒ†Š‹•Ž‘˜‡Ž›™‹ˆ‡ǡƒ”‹ƒǡ•—’‡”˜‹•‡†–Š‡Žƒ˜‹•Š‡–‡”–ƒ‹Ǧ ‡–ƒ––Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘Ǥ  ˆ–‡” –Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ ‡‡†•ǡ Žƒ Šƒ”†•ǡ  ƒ‹‡Ž•ǡ ƒ† —•ƒ Ž‡šƒ†‡” ƒ† †ƒ—‰Š–‡” –‘‘ ƒ Ž‡‹•—”‡Ž› ”—‹•‡ ƒ”‘—† –Š‡ ‡•–‡”ƒ”‹„„‡ƒƒ†Žƒ—‰Š‡†ƒ†”‡‹‹• ‡†ƒŽŽ–Š‡™Š‹Ž‡Ǥ  •ƒŽ—–‡ ‘Š‡‡†Ǥ‡Šƒ˜‡„‡‡„Ž‡••‡†–‘Šƒ˜‡Šƒ†Š‹ƒ• ‘—”Ž‡ƒ†‡”ˆ‘”‘˜‡”–Š‹”–››‡ƒ”•Ǥ‡™‘—Ž†‘–Šƒ˜‡ƒ‹–ƒ‹‡†‘—” •—’‡”‹‘”‹–›™‹–Š‘—–Š‹Ǥ ƒ’”‘—†–‘„‡’‹ –—”‡†™‹–ŠŠ‹ƒ†‘—” ”‡ ‡–Ž›†‡’ƒ”–‡†’ƒ•–’”‡•‹†‡–ǡƒ˜‹†‹š‘Ǥ    ‹ ‡”‡Ž›ǡ Šƒ”Ž‹‡   CON M. KEATING

LINCOLN,NEBRASKA PRESIDENT 1995  Š‹•’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡‘ˆƒ’ƒ•–’”‡•‹†‡–ƒ›„‡ƒŽ‹––Ž‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ǥ •–‡ƒ†‘ˆ•ƒ›‹‰Dz dz‘”Dz›ǡdz›‘—™‹ŽŽ•‡‡Dz™‡dz‘”Dz‘—”ǡdz„‡ ƒ—•‡ǡƒ– ‘—” ˆ‹”•– ‡‡–‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ ‹‡–› ‘ˆ ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǡ ‹– ™ƒ• ƒ’’ƒ”‡––Šƒ––Š‡•’‘—•‡‘ˆƒƒ””‹•–‡”™ƒ•ƒ‹–‡‰”ƒŽ’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ Š‹• ”‡‡„”ƒ ‡ ‹• ƒ ‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‡ˆˆ‘”– ‘ˆ ‘ ƒ† ƒ”„ƒ”ƒ‡ƒ–‹‰Ǥ ‡™‡”‡‹˜‹–‡†–‘‘—”ˆ‹”•–‡‡–‹‰ƒ•‰—‡•–•‘ˆ ‹”— ‡”ǡ ‘ǯ• ’ƒ”–‡” ƒ– –Š‡ –‹‡ǡ ƒ† Š‹• ™‹ˆ‡ ƒ”‹Ž›Ǥ ‡ ƒ––‡†‡† –Š‡ ‡‡–‹‰‹ƒŽ’”‹‰•ƒ––Š‡ƒ›‘ ‘Žˆƒ†ƒ ‡–Ž—„‹ͳͻ͹ͷǡ ™Š‡”‡ ™‡ Šƒ† ˆ— ™ƒ– Š‹‰ ‘› ‘‘ ‰‡––‹‰ –‡‹• ‹•–”— –‹‘ ƒ†DzŠ‘––—„„‹‰dz™‹–Š‡„‡”ƒ›‡ƒ”•‘ǡ–Š‡ƒ‹ƒ‹‘Ž’Š‹• ‘™‡”Ǥ•‰—‡•–•‹ͳͻ͹ͷǡ™‡ˆ‹”•–‡– ‘ƒ†‡š ‘›ǡ™Š‘™‡”‡•‘ ‰”ƒ ‹‘—•–‘–Š‹•›‘—‰–”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”ƒ†Š‹•™‹ˆ‡•‘‡–Š‹‰™‡™‹ŽŽ ƒŽ™ƒ›•”‡‡„‡”ƒ† Š‡”‹•ŠǤ Š‡‘™ƒ•‹†— –‡†‹–‘–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•‹ͳͻ͹ͻǡ‹–‘’‡‡† ƒ™Š‘Ž‡‡™™‘”Ž†–‘–Š‡–™‘‘ˆ—•‡‡–‹‰™‘†‡”ˆ—Ž’‡‘’Ž‡ƒ† ”‡Žƒš‹‰‹’”‡‹‡””‡•‘”–•ƒ”‘—†–Š‡‹–‡†–ƒ–‡•Ǥ  ͳͻ͹ͻǡ –‘ „‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡† ˆ‘” ƒ ‹˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘‡ Šƒ† –‘ Šƒ˜‡ –”‹‡†ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–ͳͲͲŒ—”› ƒ•‡•ǤŠƒ–™ƒ•‘–†‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž––‘†‘‹–Š‘•‡†ƒ›• „‡ ƒ—•‡ ™‡ –”‹‡† ƒŽ‘•– ‡˜‡”› ƒ•‡Ǥ Š‡”‡ ™‡”‡ ‘ ”‡“—‹”‡† •‡––Ž‡‡– ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡• ‘” ‘—”–Ǧ‘”†‡”‡† ‡†‹ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ™Š‹ Š ƒ”‡ •‘ ’”‡˜ƒŽ‡– –‘†ƒ›Ǥ ‘ Šƒ• –‘Ž† ›‘—‰ –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”• ‹ Š‹• ‘™ ˆ‹” –Šƒ––Š‡›™‹ŽŽ‡˜‡”–”› ƒ•ƒ›Œ—”› ƒ•‡•ƒ•Š‡†‹†„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡› Œ—•–™‹ŽŽ‘–Šƒ˜‡–Šƒ–‘’’‘”–—‹–›™‹–Š–‘†ƒ›ǯ•ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡†‹•’—–‡ ”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•Ǥ  ‡‹†— –‡†ǡ™‡Šƒ†–Š‡‰”‡ƒ–’Ž‡ƒ•—”‡‘ˆ‰‡––‹‰ƒ™ƒ›ˆ”‘ ‘—”– „ƒ––Ž‡• ƒ† •’‡†‹‰ –‹‡ ™‹–Š ˆ—ǦŽ‘˜‹‰ –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”• ƒ† •’‘—•‡•Ǥ 

ͳ͹ ͳͺ     

‡ ™‡”‡ –Š‡ –‡‹• Šƒ‹”’‡”•‘• ˆ‘” ƒ„‘—– ˆ‹ˆ–‡‡ ›‡ƒ”•Ǥ ‡ Šƒ†•‘ƒ›’‡‘’Ž‡’Žƒ›‹‰–‡‹•Ǥ—”‰”‘—’‘ —’‹‡†–‡–‘–™‡Ž˜‡ ‘—”–•ˆ‘”‘—”–‘—”ƒ‡–•Ǣ†‘œ‡•‘ˆ’‡‘’Ž‡’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡†ǤŠ‡‰”‡ƒ– ‹ŽŽ ”ƒ–‡•ˆ”‘‹ƒ‹ǡ‘”‹‡ƒ†‹ŽŽ”‹ •‘‘ˆ‡˜‡”ǡƒ†‡š ‘›‘ˆ‹‘—š ƒŽŽ•™‘—Ž†’Žƒ›ˆ‘”Š‘—”•™‹–Š‘—–Ž‡––‹‰—’Ǥ Š‡ –‡‹• ‘—”–• ƒ– –Š‡ ƒ—ƒ ‡ƒǡ ‘ –Š‡ „‹‰ ‹•Žƒ† ‘ˆ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ǡƒ”‡™Š‡”‡™‡ˆ‹”•–‡–‹‡ƒ†‡Ž‹†ƒ‡””‹ƒ†‹†› ƒ† ”ƒŠƒ ‹ŽŽǤ‡ƒŽŽ‡Œ‘›‡†ƒ”‰ƒ”‹–ƒ•„›–Š‡–‡‹• ‘—”–•ƒ† ™ƒ– Š‡†–Š‡™ŠƒŽ‡•Œ—’Ǥ‡–Š‹™‡•ƒ™‘”‡™ŠƒŽ‡•ǡ–Š‡‘”‡ ƒ”‰ƒ”‹–ƒ•™‡ ‘•—‡†Ǩ‰”‡ƒ–ˆ‘” ‡‘–Š‡ ‘—”–•–Š‡™ƒ• ‘‡Ž ‘›†‡ˆ”‘‹ Š‹‰ƒǡƒ––Š‡‡–™‹–ŠŠ‹• ”ƒ “—‡–Ǥ“—ƒŽŽ›„‹‰ ™ƒ•Š‹•˜‘‹ ‡ƒ†–‡†‡””‡†‹–‹‘•‘ˆDzƒ›‘›Ǥdz ƒ”„ƒ”ƒ ‡˜‡” ™ƒ–‡† –‘ ‹•• ƒ ‡‡–‹‰ ‘” ƒ ‰—‡•– •’‡ƒ‡” „‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹”‡š ‡ŽŽ‡––‘’‹ •Ǥ”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•„›–‘’Ǧ‘– ŠŒ—”‹•–•ǡ ƒ––‘”‡›•ǡ ƒ—–Š‘”•ǡ •–ƒ–‡•‡ǡ Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‘”•ǡ ƒ•–”‘ƒ—–•ǡ ‡–‡”–ƒ‹‡”•ǡ Š‹‰ŠǦ”ƒ‹‰ ‹Ž‹–ƒ”›ǡ ƒ† ‘”‡ǡ ™‡”‡ –Š‡ Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–• ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ –Š‡ ‡‡–‹‰•Ǥ Š‡”‡ ‡Ž•‡ ™‘—Ž† ƒ ‡„”ƒ•ƒ ‘—’Ž‡ ‡˜‡” ‰‡– –‘ ‡‡– –Š‡ ‰”‡ƒ–‡•– •–‘”› –‡ŽŽ‡”ǡ † ƒ–‘‹ Šǡ ƒ† Š‹• Ž‘˜‡Ž› ™‹ˆ‡ǡ —†›ǡ ˆ”‘ ‹„„‹‰ǡ ‹‡•‘–ƒǡ ‹ˆ ‘– ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǫ  Š‡”‡ Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡•‘ ƒ›Žƒ•–‹‰ˆ”‹‡†•ƒ†‡‘”ƒ„Ž‡’Žƒ ‡•Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‹”•– –‹‡ ™‡ ‡– ‘Š ƒ† ‘– ‡‡† ™‹ŽŽ •–ƒ› ™‹–Š —• ˆ‘”‡˜‡”Ǥ Š‡‹” ‡Ž‘“—‡ ‡ ƒ† –Š‡‹” Ž‘˜‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ™‡”‡•‘ ƒ’’ƒ”‡– ‘Š“—‹‡–ƒ†•–—†‹‘—•ǡ‘–•ƒ”–ƒ†ˆ‡‹•–›ǤŠ‡›Šƒ˜‡ ‹•’‹”‡†‘—”Ž‹˜‡•Ǥ ˆ ‘—”•‡ ‘ ‘‡ ‘—Ž† ‡˜‡” ˆ‘”‰‡– –Š‡ ‹ ‘’ƒ”ƒ„Ž‡ ‹ŽŽ›  ƒ‹‡Ž ƒ† Š‹• ‡˜‡”Ǧ’ƒ–‹‡– ™‹ˆ‡ ƒ ›Ǥ ‹ŽŽ› ƒŽ™ƒ›• „”‘—‰Š– ƒ •‹Ž‡–‘‡˜‡”›‘‡ǯ•ˆƒ ‡Ǥ ‡‡™–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›™ƒ•–”—Ž›Dz‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽdz™Š‡™‡ ‘—Ž† ‡‡–ƒƒ†ƒ”‘Ž‡ŽŽ›‹—„Ž‹ǡ ”‡Žƒ†ǡƒ†‡Œ‘›ƒ‹‰Š–‘–Š‡ –‘™Ǥ‘ƒ›‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡•ǡ•‘ƒ›ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’•Ǥ ͳͻͻʹǡ ”‡†ƒ† —Ž‹‡ƒ›‡”Šƒ† Š‘•‡–‘Šƒ˜‡–Š‡‡‡–‹‰ ‘ ƒ—ƒ‹ ƒ– –Š‡ „‡ƒ—–‹ˆ—Ž ‡™ ›ƒ–– ‘ ‘‹’— ‡ƒ ŠǤ ‡ ™‡”‡ Š‹• ‘˜‡–‹‘ Šƒ‹”’‡”•‘•Ǥ‡•ǡ™‡ƒ”‡„‹‰ ƒ›Šƒ™ˆƒ•ǡƒ† ”‡†ƒ†     ͳͻ 

—Ž‹‡ƒ”‡‹••‘—”‹‹‰‡”•Ǥ –ǯ•Šƒ”†–‘„‡Ž‹‡˜‡™‡ ‘—Ž†™‘”–‘‰‡–Š‡”ǡ Ž‡– ƒŽ‘‡ •’‡ƒ –‘ ‘‡ ƒ‘–Š‡”Ǥ Š‡ ‘‹‰ „ƒ  ˆ”‘ ƒ ˆ‘‘–„ƒŽŽ ‰ƒ‡‹ƒ™”‡ ‡ǡƒ•ƒ•ǡ™‡Š‡ƒ”†–Šƒ– —””‹ ƒ‡ ‹‹Šƒ†•–”—  ƒ™ƒ‹‹Ǥ‡™ƒŽ‡†‹–Š‡ˆ”‘–†‘‘”‘ˆ‘—”Š‘‡ƒ†–Š‡–‡Ž‡’Š‘‡ ™ƒ• ”‹‰‹‰ ™‹–Š ƒ ƒŽŽ ˆ”‘ ”‡† •ƒ›‹‰ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ›ƒ–– Šƒ† „‡‡ •‡˜‡”‡Ž›†ƒƒ‰‡†ǤŠ‡ˆ‘—”‘ˆ—•Šƒ†–‘ˆŽ›–‘ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ƒ†ˆ‹†ƒ‡™ ‡‡–‹‰ ˜‡—‡Ǩ Š”‡‡ †ƒ›• Žƒ–‡”ǡ ”‡† ƒ† —Ž‹‡ǡ ‘ ƒ† ƒ”„ƒ”ƒǡ ƒ†‹ŽŽƒ”Ž‡›ˆ”‘”ƒ˜‡ŽƬ”ƒ•’‘”–™‡”‡‘ƒ’Žƒ‡–‘ƒ—‹Ǥ‡ ‰‘––Š‡Žƒ•–ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡–‹‡ˆ‘”ƒ ‘˜‡–‹‘ƒ––Š‡ ‘—”‡ƒ•‘•‘ ƒ—‹ǡƒƒ„•‘Ž—–‡Ž›„‡ƒ—–‹ˆ—Ž”‡•‘”–Ǥ‡’—ŽŽ‡†‹––‘‰‡–Š‡”ƒ†Šƒ†ƒ ‰”‡ƒ–‡‡–‹‰‹’ƒ”ƒ†‹•‡ǤŠ”‡‡›‡ƒ”•Žƒ–‡”ǡ–Š‡‡‡–‹‰ˆ‘”™Š‹ Š ™‡™‡”‡”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡™ƒ•Š‡Ž†–Š‡”‡Ǣƒ†‹‡ƒ†ƒ‘”‡Ž–‘‘ —•–Š‡”‡ƒ‰ƒ‹‹ʹͲͳͶǤ ‡ˆ‡‡Ž•‘ˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡–‘Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ƒ’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‹•‰”‘—’•‹ ‡–Š‡ ‡ƒ”Ž››‡ƒ”•ƒ†Šƒ˜‡„‡‡‹•’‹”‡†„›–Š‡™‹•‡™‘”†•‘ˆ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ˆ‘—†‹‰‡„‡”•ǡ”ƒ‹‰’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰Ǥ  ”‡ ‡– ›‡ƒ”•ǡ ƒ  ‹„‡” ƒ„Ž› ƒ† •‘ †‡•‡”˜‡†Ž› ™ƒ• –Š‡ ‹†— –‹‘ ˜‘‹ ‡ ™Š‘ ’”‘ ‡‡†‡† –‘ ‰‹˜‡ –Š‡ Dz‘˜‡–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘Ǥdz‘‘‡ ‘—Ž†‡˜‡”†‘‹–„‡––‡”Ǥ—”Š‡ƒ”–•™‡”‡„”‘‡ ƒ––Š‡Ž‘••‘ˆ‘—”‰‘‘†ˆ”‹‡† ƒ Ǥ ‡ƒ†Š‹•™‹ˆ‡ƒ ›•‹’Ž› –Š‡„‡•–Ǥ  ‡ƒ”‹‰–Š‡‡Ž‘“—‡ ‡‘ˆ ‡„‡”•ƒ†–Š‡‹”•’‘—•‡• ‹”‡ ‡–›‡ƒ”•ƒ••—”‡•—•–Šƒ––Š‡‘ ‹‡–›‹•‹˜‡”› ƒ’ƒ„Ž‡Šƒ†• ˆ‘”–Š‡ˆ—–—”‡Ǥ Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•‹•ƒ•’‡ ‹ƒŽ‰”‘—’‘ˆ•’‡ ‹ƒŽ’‡‘’Ž‡ƒ†™‹ŽŽ•–ƒ› ˆ‘”‡˜‡”‹‘—”Š‡ƒ”–•ƒ†‡‘”‹‡•Ǥ      ‘ƒ†ƒ”„ƒ”ƒ‡ƒ–‹‰  ʹͲ     

          ȗȗȗ DAVID L. NIXON

MANCHESTER,NEW HAMPSHIRE PRESIDENT 1996   • ƒ •ƒŽŽ –‘™ „‘› ȋ‡‘‹•–‡”ǡ ƒ••ƒ Š—•‡––•ǡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ʹͲǡͲͲͲǡ‘”‡‘”Ž‡••ǡƒƒDzŠ‡Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›dzȌƒ†ƒ•ƒŽŽ•–ƒ–‡Ȃ•ƒŽŽ –‘™ Žƒ™›‡”ǡ  Šƒ† ‡˜‡” Š‡ƒ”† ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ ‹‡–› ‘ˆ ƒ””‹•–‡”•—–‹Ž–Š‡Žƒ–‡ͳͻ͹Ͳ•ǡƒ†–Š‡‘Ž›„›Šƒ’’‡•–ƒ ‡Ǥ   Šƒ† „ƒ ‡† ‹–‘ ƒ ‡†‹ ƒŽ ƒŽ’”ƒ –‹ ‡ ƒ•‡ ‹ —‡ ͳͻ͹͸ǡ ”‡•—Ž–‹‰ ‹ ƒ ˜‡”†‹ – ‘ˆ ƒ ‹ŽŽ‹‘ ƒ† ƒ ŠƒŽˆ †‘ŽŽƒ”•ǡ –Š‡ „‹‰‰‡•– ƒŽ’”ƒ –‹ ‡˜‡”†‹ –‹‡™‰Žƒ†ƒ––Š‡–‹‡ǡ–Š‡›•ƒ‹†Ǥ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–ǡ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡†ƒ ƒŽŽˆ”‘•‘‡‘‡ƒ‡†‹  ”ƒ†ǡ‹”‹œ‘ƒǡ™Š‘ ‹˜‹–‡†‡–‘–‡ŽŽ›•–‘”›–‘•‘‡–Š‹‰ ƒŽŽ‡†ǡDzŠ‡ ‡”‹” Ž‡‘ˆ †˜‘ ƒ–‡•dz‹ƒ ”ƒ ‹• ‘Ǥ –™ƒ•ǡƒ†‹•ǡƒ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘‘ˆƒ„‘—–ͳͲͲ Žƒ™›‡”•ƒ ”‘••–Š‡ ‘—–”›™Š‘Šƒ˜‡™‘Œ—”›˜‡”†‹ –•‘ˆƒ‹ŽŽ‹‘ †‘ŽŽƒ”•‘”‘”‡Ǥ  – › •‡ ‘† ‘” –Š‹”† ‡‡–‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ǡ Š‡Ž† ‹ ‘—Ž†‡”ǡ ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘ǡ ™ƒ•Ž— ›‡‘—‰Š–‘’Žƒ›‰‘Žˆ ™‹–Šƒ‰‡–Ž‡ƒƒ‡† Šƒ”Ž‡• ˜ƒ••‘ˆ‹‡•‘–ƒǡ™Š‘™ƒ•‘–‘Ž›ƒ‰‘‘†‰‘Žˆ‡”ǡ„—–™Š‘ „‡Ž‘‰‡†–‘ƒ„‘—–‡˜‡”›Žƒ™›‡”ǯ•‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘–Š‡”‡‹•Ǥ –Š‡ ‘—”•‡ ‘ˆ ‘—” ‰ƒ‡ ȋ™Š‹ Š  •’‡– ‘•–Ž› Ž‘‘‹‰ ˆ‘” Ž‘•– ‰‘Žˆ „ƒŽŽ•Ȅ› ‘™ƒ†‘–Š‡”•Ȅ‹ Ž—†‹‰™ƒ†‹‰‹–‘ƒŽ‹––Ž‡ˆ‹•Š’‘†ǡ— Š–‘Š‹• ‘•–‡”ƒ–‹‘Ȍǡ ƒ•‡†Š‹™Šƒ–Žƒ™›‡”•ǯ‰”‘—’Š‡–Š‘—‰Š–™ƒ•–Š‡ „‡•–ƒ†‘•–‡Œ‘›ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ ‡•ƒ‹†ǡDz‹–Š‘—–“—‡•–‹‘ǡ–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥdz ‡–Š‡‡š’Žƒ‹‡†ƒŽ‹––Ž‡„‹–ƒ„‘—––Š‡ ǡƒ†‹–•‘—†‡†’”‡––› ‰‘‘†–‘‡Ǥ Š‡ ‰‘–„ƒ –‘‡™ ƒ’•Š‹”‡ǡ Ž‡ƒ”‡†–Šƒ–ƒˆ”‹‡†‘ˆ ‹‡ǡŠ‹ŽŽ‹’ Ǥ‡–‡”•‘ˆƒ Š‡•–‡”ǡ™ƒ•‘–‘Ž›ƒ‡„‡”„—–ƒ ’ƒ•–’”‡•‹†‡–‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǡ„—––Š‡‘Ž›‡„‡”•Š‹’Šƒ‹”ƒ ˆ‘” –Š‡ •–ƒ–‡• ‘ˆ ‡™ ƒ’•Š‹”‡ǡ ƒ‹‡ǡ ‡”‘–ǡ ƒ† ƒ••ƒǦ Š—•‡––•Ǥ ‡– Š‡ Šƒ† ‡˜‡” ‹˜‹–‡† ƒ›‘‡ ‡Ž•‡ –‘ Œ‘‹Ǩ Š‹Ž ™ƒ• ƒ ˜‡”› ‰‘‘† Žƒ™›‡”ǡ ƒ ‡šǦƒ”‹‡ǡ ™Š‘ Šƒ† ƒ ”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” ’—ŽŽ‹‰ ”ƒ„„‹–•‘—–‘ˆƒŠƒ–‹Œ—”›–”‹ƒŽ•„›ƒ‹‰Dz‰‘‘†Ǧ„ƒ†dz Ž‘•‹‰•Ǥ›

ʹͳ ʹʹ     

–Šƒ–ǡ  ‡ƒ –Š‡ Ž‘•‹‰ sounded ‰‘‘†ǡ „—– ƒ –—ƒŽŽ› ™ƒ• „ƒ†ǡ ‹ˆ ‘– ™‘”•‡Ǥ ‡ ‘ˆ Š‹• Dz–‡ Š‹“—‡•dz ™ƒ• –‘ ™‡ƒ” Š‹• ‹‘• ’‹ ȋŠ‡ ™ƒ• ƒŽ•‘ ƒ ’ƒ•– ’”‡•‹†‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‹‘• ”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ȌǡŠ‹• ƒ”‹‡•’‹ǡ‘”Š‹•Ž•’‹ǡ†‡’‡†‹‰‘™Šƒ–Š‡Šƒ†Ž‡ƒ”‡†ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ Œ—”›Ǥ  Šƒ† ‘—–ˆŽƒ‡† Š‹ ‘ ‡ ™Š‡  ˆ‘—† –Šƒ– –Š‡ Œ—”› ‘•‹•–‡†‘•–Ž›‘ˆƒ•‘•Ǥ ™ƒ•ƒƒ•–ƒ•–‡”‘ˆƒ ‹ˆ‹ ‘†‰‡‘Ǥ Ͷͷ Ƭȋ›‘— ƒǯ–ƒ‡–Š‹••–—ˆˆ—’ǡƒ•‹ŽŽ—”•–™‘—Ž†•ƒ›Ȍǡƒ† –Š—•Šƒ†ƒ‹ ‡ƒ•–ƒ•–‡”•†‹ƒ‘†Ǧ•–—††‡†Žƒ’‡Ž’‹Ǥ—”‹‰–Š‡ Ž‘•‹‰‘ˆ–Šƒ–’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”–”‹ƒŽǡ Šƒ†™‘”‹–ǡƒ†™‘Ǥ–Š‡™ƒ›‘—– ‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘—”–”‘‘ǡŠ‹Ž•Š‘‘›Šƒ†™Š‹Ž‡Ž‘‘‹‰ƒ–›ƒ•‘‹  ’‹‹•–‡ƒ†‘ˆƒ–‡ǡƒ†•ƒ‹†Dz‹ ‡ Ž‘•‹‰ǡƒ˜‡Ǥdz  ›Š‘™ǡƒˆ–‡”ƒDz•—‹–‡‡–‹‰dz„‡–™‡‡Šƒ”Ž‹‡ ˜ƒ••ƒ† Š‹Ž ‡–‡”•ǡ Š‹Ž ‰”—†‰‹‰Ž› ƒŽŽ‘™‡† Šƒ”Ž‹‡ –‘ ‘‹ƒ–‡ ‡ ˆ‘” ‡„‡”•Š‹’‹–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ••‘‘ƒ• Šƒ†ƒ›–Š‹‰–‘•ƒ›‹–Š‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ǡ™‡Šƒ†‡„‡”•Š‹’Šƒ‹”•ˆ‘”‡ƒ Š‘ˆ–Š‡‘–Š‡”‡™ ‰Žƒ†•–ƒ–‡•ǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•ˆ‘”‡™ ƒ’•Š‹”‡Ǥ†‡™ ƒ’•Š‹”‡̵• Šƒ‹”™ƒ•‘–Š‹Ž‡’‡” ‹Ǥ  › ˆ‹”•– ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǯ‡‡–‹‰ ™ƒ• —ˆ‘”‰‡––ƒ„Ž‡Ǥˆ‘”‰‡––ƒ„Ž‡ „‡ ƒ—•‡ –Š‡ƒ†–Š‡”‡ˆ‘—†‘—–ȋ‹–™ƒ•ƒ––Š‡”‹œ‘ƒ‹Ž–‘”‡‹ Š‘‡‹šȌ–Šƒ– ‘ŠǤ‡‡†™ƒ•–Š‡ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡•‡ ”‡–ƒ”›‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ ‘Š ‡‡† Šƒ† „‡‡ ƒ ’”‘ˆ‡••‘” ƒ– –Š‡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ‹ Š‹‰ƒƒ™ Š‘‘Žǡ™Š‡”‡ •–ƒ”–‡†‹‡’–‡„‡”ͳͻͷͷǡ• ƒ”‡†–‘ †‡ƒ–Šǡ™‹–Šƒ„‘—–ˆ‹˜‡„— •‹›’‘ ‡–Ǥ ‡Šƒ†ƒ””ƒ‰‡†ƒŽ‘ƒ–‘ ‰‡–‡‰‘‹‰—–‹Ž› ‹ŽŽƒ†‹•ƒ„‹Ž‹–› Š‡ •‹ ‡†‹ǡƒ† Š‡ ‰ƒ˜‡ › –Š‡Ǧ’”‡‰ƒ– ™‹ˆ‡ ƒ ’ƒ”–Ǧ–‹‡ Œ‘„ ƒ• Š‹• •‡ ”‡–ƒ”›ǡ‹ ˜‹‘Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ‘–‘•ƒ› ™ƒ•Šƒ’’›–‘ˆ‹† ‘Š ‡‡†ƒ‰ƒ‹™ƒ•Dz–Š‡–”—–Šǡ–Š‡™Š‘Ž‡–”—–ŠǤdz – ™ƒ• –Š‡ ƒ† –Š‡”‡  ƒŽ•‘ Ž‡ƒ”‡† –Šƒ– ‘Š ‡‡† Šƒ† ƒ DzŠ‹•–‘”›dz ™‹–Š › –Š‡ Žƒ™ ’ƒ”–‡”ǡ –ƒŽ‡› Ǥ ”‘™ǡ Žƒ–‡” ƒ ’‡ƒ‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡”‹ ƒ ƒ” ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘—•‡ ‘ˆ ‡Ž‡‰ƒ–‡•Ǥ – ƒ’’‡ƒ”• –Šƒ– –ƒŽ‡› ƒ† ‘Š ™‡”‡ Žƒ••ƒ–‡• ƒ– ‘”‡ŽŽ ƒ™  Š‘‘ŽǤ † ƒˆ–‡” ‘Š „‡ƒ– –ƒŽ‡› ‘—– ˆ‘” –Š‡ †‹–‘”•Š‹’ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘”‡ŽŽƒ™—ƒ”–‡”Ž›ǡ ‘ŠȄ„‡‹‰–Š‡Š”‹•–‹ƒ‰‡–Ž‡‡–Šƒ–Š‡ ™ƒ•ǡ ƒ† ‹• ‘™ǡ ƒ† ƒŽ™ƒ›• ™‹ŽŽ „‡Ȅ ”‡ƒ–‡† –Š‡ ’‘•‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ     ʹ͵ 

Dz—•‹‡••†‹–‘”dz‘ˆ–Š‡‘”‡ŽŽƒ™—ƒ”–‡”Ž›ƒ†Š‹”‡†–ƒŽ‡›ˆ‘” –Šƒ– ȋ’ƒ›‹‰Ȍ ’‘•‹–‹‘Ǩ –ƒŽ‡› ‹‡†‹ƒ–‡Ž› Š‹”‡† Š‹• ™‹†‘™‡† ‘–Š‡” ˆ”‘ ”ƒ†ˆ‘”†ǡ ‡™ ƒ’•Š‹”‡ǡ ƒ• Š‹• Dz•–ƒˆˆdz ƒ† ‡˜‡” ˆ‘”‰ƒ˜‡ ‘Š ˆ‘” Š‹• ƒ – ‘ˆ Š”‹•–‹ƒ Šƒ”‹–›Ǥ Šƒ–ǯ• –Š‡ ™ƒ› ‡™ ‰Žƒ†‡”•ƒ”‡ǡ‹ ƒ•‡›‘—Šƒ†ǯ–‘–‹ ‡†Ǥ Š‡ ‰‘–„ƒ –‘‡™ ƒ’•Š‹”‡ǡ Ž‡ƒ”‡†–Šƒ––ƒŽ‡›Šƒ† ”‡•‹‰‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǡ’”‘„ƒ„Ž›•‘Š‡ ‘—Ž††‡˜‘–‡Š‹•–‹‡ ƒ†‘‡›–‘Š‹• ƒ’ƒ‹‰ˆ‘”–Š‡’”‡•‹†‡ ›Ǥ ‡†‹†ǯ–Ž‘•‡Ǣ Š‡ ƒ‡ ‹ •‡ ‘†Ǥ  ƒ› ‡˜‡–ǡ ™Š‡  ƒ•‡† ”Ǥ ”‘™ ȋ–Šƒ–ǯ• ™Šƒ– Šƒ†–‘ ƒŽŽŠ‹ǡ‘ˆ ‘—”•‡Ȍ™Š›Š‡™ƒ•‘Ž‘‰‡”ƒ‡„‡”‘ˆ –Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǡŠ‡•ƒ‹†•‘‡–Š‹‰–‘–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –ǡDzŽŽ–Š‡›†‘‹•†”‹ ƒ†’Žƒ›‰‘ŽˆǤdz†™Š‡ Žƒ–‡”‘ Š‡ ‡†–Šƒ–‘‡‘—–™‹–Š ‘Šǡ Š‡ ™ƒ• ‹† ƒ† –ƒ –ˆ—Ž ‡‘—‰Š –‘ •ƒ›ǡ Dz  ”‡ƒŽŽ› †‘ǯ– ”‡‡„‡” — Šƒ„‘—––ƒŽ‡›ƒ•ƒ‡„‡”Ǥ ‡•‡‡‡†–‘„‡ƒŽ™ƒ›•‘–Š‡‰‘Žˆ ‘—”•‡‘”‹–Š‡„ƒ”Ǥdz –™ƒ•ƒ––Š‡”‹œ‘ƒ‡‡–‹‰™Š‡ –Š‹–Š‡•‡‡†•‘ˆŠƒ˜‹‰ –Š‡ ‡‡–‹‰• Žƒ–‡” ‹ –Š‡ ›‡ƒ” ™ƒ• ˆ‘—† –‘ „‡ ƒ ‰‘‘† ‹†‡ƒǤ Š‡ ™‡ƒ–Š‡” ™ƒ• ˆ”‡‡œ‹‰Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ‹– ™ƒ”‡† —’ ™Š‡  ‡– Šƒ”Ž‹‡ Žƒ Šƒ”†‘ˆ‘”–Šƒ”‘Ž‹ƒǤ’’ƒ”‡–Ž›Š‡ƒ†–ƒŽ‡›”‘™Šƒ† ™‘”‡†‘ƒ ƒ•‡–‘‰‡–Š‡”ǡ•‘ Šƒ†›Dzˆ‘‘–‹–Š‡†‘‘”ǤdzŠƒ”Ž‹‡Šƒ• „‡‡ ƒ ‰‘‘† ˆ”‹‡† ‡˜‡” •‹ ‡ ƒ† ƒŽ™ƒ›• ™‹ŽŽ „‡Ǥ ‡ǯ• ƒŽ•‘ ƒ ‡†‹‘ ”‡‰‘Žˆ‡”ǡ™Š‹ ŠŠ‡Ž’‡†ǡ‘ˆ ‘—”•‡Ǥ ‘‡Š‘™‘”‘–Š‡”‹–Š‡ ‘ˆ—•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”‹œ‘ƒ‡‡–‹‰ǡ  ‡˜‡” ™ƒ• Dz•™‘” ‹dz ƒ• ƒ ƒ””‹•–‡”Ǣ •‘ ǯ ’”‘„ƒ„Ž› –Š‡ ‘Ž› Dzƒ•–ƒ”†ƒ””‹•–‡”dz‹–Š‡ ”‘™†Ǥ‘‡†ƒ› Š‘’‡–Š‡›ǯŽŽDz‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽŽ›dz Ž‡–‡‹Ǥ  › ƒ””‹•–‡” ‡‘”‹‡• ”ƒ‰‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ •—„Ž‹‡ –‘ –Š‡ ”‹†‹ —Ž‘—•ǤŠ‡›‹ Ž—†‡’Žƒ›‹‰‰‘Žˆ™‹–Š”ƒ‹‰’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰‘ˆ Ž‡˜‡Žƒ†ǡ ™Š‘ ™ƒ• ’”‡––› ‰‘‘† ™‹–Š Š‹• Ž—„• „—– „‡––‡” ™‹–Š ƒ • ‘”‡ ƒ”†Ǥ  ‘–Š‡”‹ ‡‘‡–™ƒ•‡‡–‹‰‹ ‘–•™‹ ‘ˆ›‘‹‰ ƒ– ƒ •‘ ‘Ž‡Ǥ ‡™ƒ•ƒ‘–Š‡”‘Ž†ˆ”‹‡†‘ˆ–ƒŽ‡›”‘™ǯ•ǡ†ƒ–‹‰ „ƒ  –‘ –ƒŽ‡›ǯ• ”ƒ ‡ ˆ‘” ‘‰”‡•• ‹ –Š‡ ‡’—„Ž‹ ƒ ”‹ƒ”› ‹ ͳͻͷʹǡƒ•ƒ‹•‡Š‘™‡”•—’’‘”–‡”Ǥ‘‡„‘†›ˆ‹‰—”‡†‘—––Šƒ–Š‡ǯ† ʹͶ     

•’‡–ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–̈́͹ˆ‘”‡ƒ Š˜‘–‡Š‡‰‘–ȋŠ‡†‹†ǯ–‰‡–ƒ›Ȍǡ™Š‹ Š™ƒ• ƒŽ‘–‘ˆ‘‡›‹ͳͻͷʹǤ †‹†ǯ–”‡ƒŽ‹œ‡ƒ––Š‡–‹‡–Šƒ–‹ ‘–•™‹  ™ƒ•ƒŽ‡‰‹–‹ƒ–‡˜‡–‡”ƒƒ†Š‡”‘‘ˆ‘”Ž†ƒ” ǡƒ•ƒ‡„‡”‘ˆ –Š‡Ͷͷ–Š‹˜‹•‹‘Ǥ ‡‡˜‡”•ƒ‹†ƒ›–Š‹‰ƒ„‘—–‹–Ǥ  ƒ›‡ƒ”•‘‘ˆ‹ƒ‹ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒǡ™ƒ•ƒ™‘†‡”ˆ—Ž‰‡–Ž‡ƒƒ† ƒ––‡†‡†ƒ””‹•–‡”‡‡–‹‰•‡˜‡™Š‡™‡ƒŽŽ‡™Š‹•Š‡ƒŽ–Š†‹† ‘– Ž‡– Š‹ ‡Œ‘› –Š‡Ǥ  ”‡‡„‡” ™‡ŽŽ ‘‡Ž ‘›†‡ ‘ˆ ‹ Š‹‰ƒǡ ™Š‘ ™ƒ• ’”‡•‹†‡– ‹ ͳͻͺ͸ǡ „‡ ƒ—•‡ Š‡ ™ƒ• •‘ Žƒ”‰‡ ȋŠ‡ǯ† ’Žƒ›‡† ˆ‘‘–„ƒŽŽˆ‘”‹ Š‹‰ƒȌ–Šƒ–Š‡™ƒ•”‡“—‹”‡†–‘ˆŽ›ˆ‹”•– Žƒ••™Š‹Ž‡Š‹• ™‹ˆ‡ ‡ƒ•ƒ–‹•–‡‡”ƒ‰‡Ǥ ”‡ ƒŽŽ‹ŽŽ‰ƒǯ•Dz•™ƒ•‘‰dzƒ•’”‡•‹†‡– ‹‹‡•‘–ƒǤ ‡ǯ†Šƒ†ƒˆ‡™ǡ’‡”Šƒ’•‘”‡–Šƒƒˆ‡™ǡƒ†–Š—•™‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡†–Š‡‹ ƒ‡•‘ˆƒŽŽ‘ˆŠ‹•„‘›Š‘‘†’ƒŽ•Ǥ ‡‡’––Š‡ ”‘™† ‡–‡”–ƒ‹‡†–‘–Š‡’‘‹––Šƒ–Š‡Šƒ•‡˜‡””‡–—”‡†ˆ‘”ƒ‡ ‘”‡Ǥ  ‹ŽŽ› ƒ‹‡Ž‘ˆŽƒ„ƒƒ™ƒ•ƒ‘–Š‡”ˆƒ˜‘”‹–‡‘ˆ‹‡ǡƒ† –Š‡ ”‘™†ǡ •‘ –‘ •’‡ƒǤ ‡ ™ƒ• ˆƒ‘—• ˆ‘” ‹–‡””—’–‹‰ •’‡ƒ‡”• ™‹–Š Ž‘—†ǡ ƒ—•–‹ ǡ ƒ† Š—‘”‘—• ”‡ƒ”•Ǥ  ”‡‡„‡” ‘ ‡ Š‡ ƒŽŽ‡†‡‹‡™ ƒ’•Š‹”‡ƒ†ƒ•‡†ǡDzƒ˜‡ǡ™Š›†‘ ‰‘––‘•‡† ̈́ͳͲǡͲͲͲǤͲͲ –‘ –Š‹• ˆ‡ŽŽƒ ‘Š —”‹ǫdz  –‘Ž† Š‹ –Šƒ– ‘Š —”‹ ™ƒ•ƒ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ˆ‘””‡‡Ž‡ –‹‘–‘–Š‡‡ƒ–‡ƒ†™ƒ•‘™–‘„‡ ƒ ‘ˆ‹†ƒ– ‘ˆ ƒ—”‹ ‡ ”‡‡„‡”‰ǡ ”‡•‹†‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡   •—”ƒ ‡ ‘’ƒ›Ǥ †  –‘Ž† ‹ŽŽ› –Šƒ– •‹ ‡ Š‡ †‹† Ž‡‰ƒŽ ™‘” ˆ‘”   ‹ Žƒ„ƒƒǡŠ‡ǯ†„‡––‡”ˆ‘”–Š‡‘‡›‘˜‡”Ǥ ‡†‹†Ǥ  –™ƒ•ƒ–‘‡‘ˆ‘—”‡‡–‹‰•Ȅ –Š‹‹–™ƒ•™Š‡™‡™‡”‡‹ ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ ’Žƒ›‹‰ ‰‘Žˆ ƒ– ‘””‡› ‹‡• ‹ ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒȄ–Šƒ– ‘ Ž‡šƒ†‡” ˆ‡ŽŽ ‹–‘ ƒ †‡‡’ •‹ Š‘Ž‡ ƒ‘‰ „”ƒ„Ž‡ „—•Š‡• ƒ† ‘—Ž†ǯ– ‰‡– Š‹•‡Žˆ ‘—–Ǥ – –‘‘ ‘„ –‡‹ǡ › ™‹ˆ‡ ƒ† ‡ǡ ƒ† ƒ •–”‘‰‹‡‹”‘–‘’—ŽŽŠ‹‘—–‘ˆ–Š‡™‡‡†•Ǥ  •ƒ‡™‰Žƒ†ƒ‡‡ ™ƒ•—ƒ —•–‘‡†–‘’‡‘’Ž‡„‡‹‰ ˆ”‹‡†Ž›ǡ ƒ• ƒŽŽ › ˆ”‹‡†• ‹ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ȅ„‘–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ȄŠƒ˜‡ ‘–‡†Ǥ ‘‡–Š‡Ž‡••ǡ › ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰• ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ ‰”‘—’Ȅ ‘† „Ž‡•• –Š‡ ƒŽŽȄƒ”‡ „‡•– •‡– ˆ‘”–Š ‹ ƒ Ž‹––Ž‡ †‹––›  • ”ƒ– Š‡† –‘‰‡–Š‡” ƒ† ’”‡•‡–‡†ƒ•›Dz”‡•‹†‡–ǯ•††”‡••dzƒ––Š‡ͳͻͻ͸—ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰ ‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹ƒ—‹ǡ ƒ™ƒ‹‹Ǥ –”‡ƒ†•ƒ•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣ      ʹͷ 

Hail to the Barristers!   ‡ƒ›‡ƒ”™‡ˆŽ‘ ˆ”‘ƒˆƒ”ǡ ›’Žƒ‡ǡ–”ƒ‹‘”–ƒš‹Ȅ‘•–Ž›”‡–ƒŽ ƒ” ‘’ƒŽƒ–‹ƒŽ’‹’ƒŽƒ ‡•ǡ‘•–„›–Š‡•‡ƒǡ ‘–‹‰‰‘Žˆ Ž—„•ƒ†•—„Ž‘ ǡƒ†„ƒ‰•„› — ‹Ǥ  ‡Žƒ™›‡”•‘ˆ–”‹ƒŽǡ–‹”‡†ǡ„—”‡†‘—–ƒ†ˆ”ƒœœŽ‡† Š‘•’‡†Ž‹˜‡•‹ ‘—”–ǡ„”‘™„‡ƒ–‡ƒ†Šƒ••Ž‡†ǡ ‡‡‹‰”‡•–ǡˆ—ƒ†ˆ”‘Ž‹ Ȅƒ†–‹‡ˆ‘””‡’‘•‡ ‹†•–„‡ƒ Š‡•ƒ†Š‘––—„•Ȅƒ†Ž‹„ƒ–‹‘–Šƒ–ˆŽ‘™•Ǥ  —–™Šƒ–™‡doǫŠ‡“—‡•–‹‘‘ˆ–ƒ•‡†ǡ ›•’‘—•‡•ƒ†ˆ”‹‡†•ǡƒ•‹–Š‡•—™‡„ƒ•Ǥ ŽŽ–Š‹•‘‡›ƒ†ˆ‘‘†Ȅƒ†‰Ž‹––‡”‰ƒŽ‘”‡ǡ ‘™Š‡Ž’•‹––Š‡‡‡†›Ȅ–Š‡•–”—‰‰Ž‹‰ǡ–Š‡’‘‘”ǫ Š‡‘ƒŽ‹ƒ•ƒ”‡•–ƒ”˜‹‰Ǣ–Š‡”‘ƒ–•‹ŽŽ‹‰‡”„•ǡ Š‹Ž‡™‡ǯ”‡•Šƒ‹‰‹”‘•ǡƒ†‡––‹‰‘—”•‡”˜‡•Ǥ  Š‡ƒ•™‡”—•–„‡ǡ‹’ƒ”–‘”‹™Š‘Ž‡ǡ ‡ǯ”‡Š‡”‡ˆ‘”–Š‡‰‘‘†‘ˆ‘—” ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹˜‡‘Ž†•‘—ŽǤ ˆcourse™‡ǯ”‡ ‘ ‡”‡†ǡŽ‡•––Š‡™‘”Ž†‰‘–‘’‘– †–Š‡’Ž‹‰Š–‘ˆ–Š‡’‘‘”‹•™‹–Š—•ƒŽ‘–Ǥ  Š—•™‡ǯ˜‡•’‡–†ƒ›ƒ†‹‰Š–ǡˆ‘”‡˜‡”•‘Ž‘‰ǡ ‘‰‡–ƒŽ‹––Ž‡”‹‰Š–ǡˆ”‘•‘— Š–Šƒ–ǯ••‘™”‘‰Ǥ ‹‰Š–•‹–Š‡‘ˆˆ‹ ‡Ȅ™‡‡‡†•ƒ•™‡ŽŽǡ ‹†‹‰–Š‡’‘‘”ˆ‘Žǡ™Š‘Ž‡ƒ†Ž‹˜‡•‘ˆ•Ž‘™Š‡ŽŽǤ  ŽŽ–Š‹•‹•‰‘‘†ǡ•‘ˆƒ”ƒ•‹–‰‘‡•ǡ —–‡š–”ƒ –•ƒŠ‹‰Š’”‹ ‡ǡˆ”‘‘—”Š‡ƒ†•–‘‘—”–‘‡•Ǥ —”Š‡ƒŽ–Š‰‘‡•†‘™Š‹ŽŽǡ™‹–Š‘Žƒ‹†•ƒ†•–”‡••’‹ŽŽ•ǡ ‡ƒ”–•‰‡– Ž‘‰‰‡†—’ǡƒ† Š‘Ž‡•–‡”‘Ž•Š‘‘–•—’Š‹ŽŽǤ   ʹ͸     

‘•‘‡–Š‹‰‹•‡‡†‡†ǡ–‘•ƒ˜‡—•‘—”Ž‹˜‡•ǡ ‘Ž‹‰Š–‡–Š‡„—”†‡•‘ˆ†‡†‹ ƒ–‹‘ƒ††”‹˜‡•Ǥ — Šƒ• ƒƒ”ƒ†‡”‹‡ƒ†™ƒ”–Šǡ‰‘‘†ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’ǡ ƒ†•‹Ž‡•ǡ –ǯ•ˆ‘”these–Š‹‰•™‡–”ƒ˜‡Ž–Š‡•‡ˆ”‡“—‡–ǦˆŽ›‡”‹Ž‡•Ǥ ‘”‡•–‘”‡—•‘—”•ƒ‹–›ƒ†‡• ƒ’‡ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‘Ž†ǡ ’”‘˜‡‘—”’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡ǡƒ†”‡•–‘”‡–Š‘—”•‘—Ž•Ǥ  ‘Šƒ‹Ž–‘–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǡ•—–ƒ‡†ƒ†ƒŽŽ•‹Ž‹‰ Š‹Ž‡„ƒ Š‘‡–Š‡’Š‘‡••Ž‹’•ƒ†Ž‡––‡”•ƒ”‡’‹Ž‹‰Ǥ ‡Œ‘‹ ‡‹‘—”–‹‡‘ˆˆǡ‘—”–‹‡‘ˆ™‡ŽŽ„‡‹‰ ‘”–‘‘•‘‘–Š‡„ƒ†•–—ˆˆ™‡ǯŽŽƒ‰ƒ‹„‡•‡‡‹‰Ǥ ‡˜‡Ž‹‘—”‰‘‘†–‹‡•ǡ„‡–Š‡Dz„‡ŽŽ‡•‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒŽŽdz Œ‘›‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”Ȅƒ†‰‘‘†–‹‡•ǡ™‹–Š‘–Š‘—‰Š–• ‘ˆ•‘””‘™ ‘”ǡ•‘‘‡”‘”Žƒ–‡”ǡ–Šƒ–ǯŽŽ ‘‡™‹–Š–‘‘””‘™Ǥ ‘”–Š‡’”‡•‡–ǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ’ƒ›‹–‘Š‡‡† †Œ‘‹‹–Š‡‰‘‘†–‹‡•‘ˆ›‡Dz‘ ‹‡–›‡‡†Ǥdz  ‘—•‡‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‘ ‘ˆ‹ˆ‡‹•™‘—†„—–‘ ‡ †‘’‡”•‘Šƒ•–Š‡’‘™‡” ‘–‡ŽŽŒ—•–™Š‡‹–•Šƒ†•™‹ŽŽ•–‘’ –Žƒ–‡ǡ‘”‡ƒ”Ž›ǡŠ‘—” Now‹•–Š‡‘Ž›–‹‡™‡‘™ǡ ‹˜‡ǡŽ‘˜‡ǡƒ†–‘‹Ž™‹–Šƒ™‹ŽŽ ‡‡†‘––Š‡™‘‡•‘ˆ–‘‘””‘™ ‘”–Š‡ Ž‘ ƒ›–Š‡„‡•–‹ŽŽǤ  ‘Šƒ‹Ž–‘–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǡŽŽ ƒ‹ŽǨ ƒ›‘—”•—Ǧ™ƒ”‡†•‘—Ž•‡˜‡”’ƒŽ‡ †–Š‡„‘†•‘ˆ‘—”ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’‡˜‡”ˆƒ‹ŽǤ  ƒ˜‹†‡‡‹š‘         ‡„”—ƒ”›ʹ͸ǡͳͻͻ͵ JOHN G. LANCIONE

CLEVELAND,OHIO PRESIDENT 1998  ‡ƒ” ”‹‡†•ƒ†‘ŽŽ‡ƒ‰—‡•ǡ Š‡ͷͲ–Š‹˜‡”•ƒ”›‘ˆ–Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘ ‹‡–›‘ˆƒ””‹•–‡”• ƒ”•ƒ‹Ž‡•–‘‡‘–‘Ž›–‘–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ƒ•ƒ™Š‘Ž‡ǡ„—––‘–Š‘•‡‘ˆ —• ™Š‘•‡ Ž‹˜‡• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ˆ‘”‡˜‡” Šƒ‰‡† „› ‡„‡”•Š‹’ ‹ –Š‹• Š‘‘”ƒ„Ž‡ •‹•–‡”Ǧ ƒ† „”‘–Š‡”Š‘‘†Ǥ —” ƒŽŽ‹‰ ‹• ‘‡ ‘ˆ †—–› ƒ† Š‘‘”ǡƒ†™‡•Šƒ”‡ƒœ‡•–ˆ‘”Ž‹ˆ‡–Šƒ–‹•ˆ‘—†‡†‹‘—”’ƒ••‹‘ˆ‘” Œ—•–‹ ‡Ǥ˜‡”–Š‡›‡ƒ”•ǡˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ˆ‘”‰‡†ǡ— Šƒ‰‡†„› –‹‡‘”†‹•–ƒ ‡Ǥ‡Ž‘‰ˆ‘”–Š‡†ƒ›•™Š‡™‘”Ž†–”ƒ˜‡Ž™ƒ•‡ƒ•‹‡”ǡ –Š‡’ƒ”–›Žƒ•–‡†Ž‘‰‡”ǡƒ†ˆƒ–‹‰—‡™ƒ•ƒ•–”ƒ‰‡”Ǥ ™‡–› ’Ž—• ›‡ƒ”• Žƒ–‡”ǡ ƒ”› ‘ ƒ†  ”‡ ƒŽŽ ˆ‘†Ž› ‘—” ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’•ƒ†‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡ƒ‘‰–Š‡‘•–‹’‘”–ƒ–ƒ† ‹ˆŽ—‡–‹ƒŽ‹‘—”Ž‹˜‡•Ǥ‡ƒ”‡•‘‰”ƒ–‡ˆ—Ž–‘Šƒ˜‡„‡‡’ƒ”–‘ˆ‹–‘ ‡˜‡”›Ž‡˜‡ŽǤ ”‘–Š‡‡›‘–‡•’‡ƒ‡”•™Š‘•Šƒ’‡†‘—”–Š‘—‰Š–•–‘ –Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ƒ‰—‡•™Š‘‹•’‹”‡†ƒ†•—’’‘”–‡†‘—”Ž‹˜‡•ǯ™‘”ǡ™‡–Šƒ ›‘—Ǥ‘—ƒ”‡’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ– Š™‘”‘ˆ‘—”Ž‹ˆ‡•–‘”›ǡƒ†–Š‡ ‹•ƒ –”‡ƒ•—”‡†‰‹ˆ––Šƒ–™‡ƒ”‡’”‘—†–‘Šƒ˜‡‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†Ǥ   Ž‘•‹‰ǡ ǯŽŽ•Šƒ”‡ –Š‹•ƒ‡ †‘–‡ǣ ƒ•‡†› †ƒ—‰Š–‡” ‹•ƒǡ ™Š‘ƒ›‘ˆ›‘—‘™ǡ‹ˆ•Š‡”‡ ƒŽŽ‡†ƒ›•–‘”‹‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡ƒ› ‡‡–‹‰• •Š‡ ƒ––‡†‡† ™‹–Š —•Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ‹• Š‡” ‹•’‹”‹‰ ”‡•’‘•‡ǣ  Dad, I’ve wracked my brain and cannot come up with any one story about my time with you and Mom and the wonderful Barristers; there were so many. What I do know is that I’ve never had more fun, or gone to more fabulous places or met a finer group of people in my entire life. I’m thankful and honored to have been included, and will never forget it. It was like being in the Land of Oz, surrounded by men and women who have great brains, great hearts, and great courageǤ 

ʹ͹ ʹͺ     

 ”‡ƒ–„”ƒ‹•ǡ‰”‡ƒ–Š‡ƒ”–•ǡ‰”‡ƒ– ‘—”ƒ‰‡ǤǤǤƒˆ‹––‹‰–”‹„—–‡ƒ• ™‡ ‘‰”ƒ–—Žƒ–‡ –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ ‹‡–› ‘ˆ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ‘ ‹ˆ–› ‡ƒ”•Ǥ       ‹–Š‘˜‡ǡ ”ƒ–‹–—†‡ǡƒ†‡ƒ ‡ǡ   ‘ŠƬƒ”› FRANK J. BRIXIUS

MINNEAPOLIS,MINNESOTA PRESIDENT 1999  ‡ƒ”‹‡ȏ‡ŽŽ›Ȑǡ Ž‡ƒ•‡ ƒ ‡’– › ƒ’‘Ž‘‰‹‡• ˆ‘” ”‡’‡ƒ–‡†Ž› ˆƒ‹Ž‹‰ –‘ ƒ•™‡” ›‘—”‡–”‡ƒ–‹‡•–‘–Š‹•• ”‹˜‡‡”Ǥ ‘”–Š‡„‡––‡”’ƒ”–‘ˆƒ›‡ƒ”ǡ Šƒ˜‡ ’—–‘ˆˆƒ•™‡”‹‰›‘—””‡“—‡•––‘†”ƒˆ–ƒˆ‡™™‘”†•‘–Š‡•—„Œ‡ –• ›‘— ‘—–Ž‹‡† ™ƒ› „ƒ  Žƒ•– ƒ” ŠǤ › †‡Žƒ› ™ƒ• ‘– ‘ ƒ•‹‘‡† „‡ ƒ—•‡  ƒ”‡†–‘‘Ž‹––Ž‡ǡ„—–”ƒ–Š‡”„‡ ƒ—•‡  ƒ”‡†–‘‘— Šƒ„‘—– –Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ƒ†™Šƒ––Š‡›Šƒ˜‡‡ƒ––‘‡ƒ†‘—”’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘Ǥ †‘™™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ††‡†‡–”‡ƒ–‹‡•‘ˆ ‘Š‡‡†ǡ ™‹ŽŽƒ––‡’–™‹–Š ‘•‹†‡”ƒ„Ž‡–”‡’‹†ƒ–‹‘–‘Š‘‘”›‘—””‡“—‡•–Ǥ – ™‘—Ž† ”‡“—‹”‡ ˜‘Ž—‡• –‘ †‘ Œ—•–‹ ‡ –‘ ƒŽŽ ™Š‘ Šƒ˜‡ ™Š‘ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ†‡ –Š‡•‡ ˆ‹ˆ–› ›‡ƒ”• ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”••‘ ‡‘”ƒ„Ž‡ ƒ† ‡Œ‘›ƒ„Ž‡–‘—œ‹‡ƒ†‡Ǥ‘™‹–Š–Š‡†‹• Žƒ‹‡”–Šƒ–Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ –‹‡ƒ†•’ƒ ‡‡ ‡••ƒ”‹Ž›†‘‹Œ—•–‹ ‡–‘ƒŽŽǡ ™‹ŽŽˆ‘ŽŽ‘™–Š‡›‡ŽŽ‘™ „”‹ ”‘ƒ†ƒ†•–ƒ”–ˆ”‘–Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰Ǥ Šƒ”Ž‡› ˜ƒ••”Ǥǡ›’ƒ”–‡”ǡˆ‹”•–‹–”‘†— ‡†—œ‹‡ƒ†‡–‘ –Š‡ ™‘†‡”ˆ—Ž ™‘”Ž† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ƒ– –Š‡‹” ‡ƒ”Ž› ƒ—ƒŽ ‘˜‡–‹‘•ƒ•Š‹•‰—‡•–•ǤŠ‡›™‡”‡Š‡Ž†ǡƒ•ƒ˜‡‹š‘‘„•‡”˜‡† ‹Š‹•Hail To The Barristers!‘†‡ǡƒ–Dz’ƒŽƒ–‹ƒŽ’‹’ƒŽƒ ‡•ǡ‘•–„› –Š‡•‡ƒǤdz –™ƒ•ƒ––Š‡•‡‡‡–‹‰•–Šƒ–ƒ•ƒ›‘—‰Žƒ™›‡” ‡–ƒ† ‰‘––‘‘™–Š‡Ž‡‰‡†•ƒ† Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‘ˆ–Š‘•‡ŠƒŽ ›‘†ƒ›•ǤŠ‡› ™‡”‡–”—Ž›Žƒ”‰‡”Ǧ–ŠƒǦŽ‹ˆ‡–”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”•ǡ‘–‡”‡Ž‹–‹‰ƒ–‘”•Ǥ ”ƒ‹‰ ’ƒ‰‡„—”‰ǡ ™‹–Š‘—– –ƒ‹‰ ƒ›–Š‹‰ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ‰”‡ƒ––”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”•™‹–Š—•‹–Š‘•‡†ƒ›•ǡ•–‘‘†ƒ„‘˜‡ƒŽŽ–Š‡”‡•–‹ ›‡›‡•Ǥ ‹•˜‹•‹‘‘ˆ™Šƒ–‹–‡ƒ•–‘„‡ƒƒ””‹•–‡”Ž‹˜‡•‘‹Š‹• ‘˜‡–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘ǡ ™Š‹ Š ƒ  ‹„‡” •‘ ‡Ž‘“—‡–Ž› ”‡’‡ƒ–‡†–‘—•ƒ–‘—”ƒ—ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰•—–‹ŽŠ‡Ž‡ˆ–—•–‘Œ‘‹”ƒ‹‰‹ –Š‡ ‡š– Œ‘—”‡›Ǥ  ƒ ’Ž‡ƒ•‡†ǡ ‹‡ǡ –Šƒ– ›‘— ƒ”‡ ‘™ ’”‡•‡–‹‰ ”ƒ‹‰ǯ•˜‹•‹‘–‘–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ 

ʹͻ ͵Ͳ     

‡ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ‘–‡‘ ”ƒ‹‰ǣ  ™ƒ•Š‘‘”‡† –‘ „‡ ƒ –™‘•‘‡ ™‹–ŠŠ‹‹ƒˆƒ”‡™‡ŽŽ‰‘Žˆ‘—–‹‰‹Ž‡˜‡Žƒ†Ǥ•™‡ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‡†ƒ ‰”‡‡ˆ”‘–‡†„›ƒ˜‡”› ‘•‹†‡”ƒ„Ž‡Šƒœƒ”†ǡ”ƒ‹‰™ƒ•‘’–‹‰ˆ‘”ƒ ‹”‘ƒ†ƒ•ƒˆ‡™ƒ›ƒ”‘—†ǡ„—– –‘Ž†Š‹–Šƒ–™ƒ•‘––Š‡”ƒ‹‰  ‡™ƒ†Ž‘˜‡†Ǥ ‡†—–‹ˆ—ŽŽ›”‡–—”‡†–Š‡‹”‘–‘Š‹•„ƒ‰ƒ†’—ŽŽ‡† ‘—– Š‹• ˆƒ˜‘”‹–‡ ™‘‘†Ǥ ˆ–‡” ™ƒ‰‰Ž‹‰ –‘ ‰‡– –Š‡ ”—•– ‘—– ‘ˆ Š‹• Œ‘‹–•ƒ†›‘—‘Ž†‡”ƒ””‹•–‡”•‘™™Šƒ– ‡ƒŠ‡’”‘ ‡‡†‡† –‘Žƒ— Šƒ’‹ –—”‡’‡”ˆ‡ –•Š‘––‘–Š‡’‹Ǥ ‡–Š‡–—”‡†–‘‡ƒ† •ƒ‹†ǡDz‡‡„‡”‡Ž‹‡–Šƒ–Ǥdz †‘‹†‡‡†ǡ”ƒ‹‰Ǥ –Š‘•‡‡ƒ”Ž››‡ƒ”•ǡƒ• ‘–”ƒ•––Š‡–‘‘™ǡ™‡ƒ––‡†‡†‘– ‘Ž›–Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘™‡‡ǡ„—––Š‡™‡‡„‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ†–Š‡™‡‡ƒˆ–‡”Ǥ Š‹•™ƒ•’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž›–”—‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ ‘˜‡–‹‘•ǤŠ‡›™‡”‡ –”—Ž›•‘ ‹ƒŽ‡˜‡–•–Šƒ–™‡”‡Ž‘‘‡†ˆ‘”™ƒ”†–‘„›–Š‡ƒ––‘”‡›•ƒ† –Š‡‹”•’‘—•‡•ƒŽ‹‡ǤŠ‡”‡™‡”‡‹—‡”ƒ„Ž‡ˆ—‘‡–•ƒ––Š‡•‡ ‡š–‡†‡† ‘˜‡–‹‘•ǡ ƒ› Ž—„”‹ ƒ–‡† „› ”— ƒ† „‡•– Ž‡ˆ– –‘ Š‹•–‘”›Ǥ —œ‹‡ ƒ†  •–‹ŽŽ ”‡ ƒŽŽ ™‹–Š ƒ •‹Ž‡ –ƒ ‹‡‰‡Žǯ• ƒ—‹ ‘˜‡–‹‘Ǥ‡™‡”‡Žƒ–‡–‘–Š‡—†ƒ›Ǧ‹‰Š–ǡ‘’‡‹‰ ‘ –ƒ‹Ž’ƒ”–› ƒ† •–‹ŽŽ ‹ ‘—” ”‘‘ ™Š‡ ™‡ Š‡ƒ”† –Š‡ ”—•Š‹‰ •‘—† ‘ˆ ƒ Š‡Ž‹ ‘’–‡”ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†„›–Š‡‘˜‡”’‘™‡”‹‰Ž›„‡ƒ—–‹ˆ—Žƒ”‘ƒ‘ˆ–‡•‘ˆ –Š‘—•ƒ†• ‘ˆ ˆ”ƒ‰‹’ƒ‹ ˆŽ‘™‡”• ƒ† ’‡–ƒŽ• –Šƒ– –ƒ Šƒ† ‘”†‡”‡† †”‘’’‡†‘–Š‡’ƒ”–›ǤȋŠ‹•™ƒ•˜‹–ƒ‰‡–ƒǡ™Š‘™ƒ•–‘•ƒ”–‘”‹ƒŽ •’Ž‡†‘”™Šƒ– ‡Ž†ƒƒ” ‘•™ƒ•–‘•Š‘‡•Ǥ ‡Šƒ†–‘ƒ††ƒ‘–Š‡” Žƒ”‰‡”‘‘–‘Š‹•Š‘‡‹„‡”†‡‡ǡ‘—–Šƒ‘–ƒǡŒ—•––‘Š‘—•‡Š‹• ™ƒ”†”‘„‡ǤȌ †–Š‡–Š‡”‡™ƒ•–Š‡‹‰Š–‹–Š‡‡”ƒ†ƒ‡””ƒ ‡ƒ”‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ—ƒ‡ƒ‡ƒ Š ‘–‡ŽǤ ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰†‹‡”ǡ—œ‹‡ƒ† ǡƒŽ‘‰™‹–Š ‹ ”— ‡”ǡ ‹ŽŽ› ƒ›ǡ ƒ† ‡š ‘›ǡ ™‡”‡ –ƒŽ‹‰ ƒ† Šƒ˜‹‰ ƒ ˆ‡™ †”‹•™Š‡™‡™‡”‡Œ‘‹‡†„›ƒ ‘—’Ž‡‘ˆ›‘—‰Žƒ†‹‡•™Š‘™‡”‡ ƒŽ•‘ Š‘–‡Ž ‰—‡•–•Ǥ • –Š‡ ‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘ ’”‘‰”‡••‡†ǡ ‹ ƒ’’ƒ”‡–Ž› †‡ ‹†‡†–‘Ž‹˜‡—’–Š‡’ƒ”–›Ǥ ‡–‘Ž†–Š‡›‘—‰Žƒ†‹‡•–Šƒ–Š‡™ƒ•ƒ ’•› Š‹ƒ–”‹•–ƒ†Š‡ ‘—Ž†–‡ŽŽ–Š‡›‘—‰Žƒ†‹‡•ƒŽŽƒ„‘—––Š‡•‡Ž˜‡• „›”‡ƒ†‹‰–Š‡‹”’ƒŽ•ǤŠ‡”‡•–‘ˆ—•™‡”‡Œ—•–ƒŽ‘‰ˆ‘”–Š‡”‹†‡ƒ† ™‡ †‡ ‹†‡† –‘ •–ƒ› ƒ† •‡‡ –Š‡ •Š‘™Ǥ † ™Šƒ– ƒ •Š‘™ ‹– ™ƒ•Ǥ     ͵ͳ 

‡‡„‡”ǡ™‡™‡”‡›‘—‰–Š‡ǡƒ† ‹‹’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”™ƒ•†ƒ•Š‹‰Ž› Šƒ†•‘‡ȋ•‘‡‘‡Šƒ††—„„‡†Š‹–Š‡ ‡”ƒ–ƒ ‘ƒ†‡”ȌǤ ‡–‘‘Š‡”Šƒ†‹Š‹•ǡƒ†™‹–ŠŠ‹•„Ž—‡‡›‡•†ƒ ‹‰ƒ† •’ƒ”Ž‹‰ǡ Š‡ ’—– ‘ ƒ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ –Šƒ– Šƒ† Š‡”‡–”ƒ ‡† ƒ† —• ”‡ƒ†› –‘ ‰‹˜‡ Š‹ ƒ • ƒ” ƒ† ƒ •–ƒ†‹‰ ‘˜ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‡ ƒŽŽ –Š‡ ’ƒ”–‡† ‘’ƒ› ƒ† ™‡– ‘—” •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ ™ƒ›•ǡ –Š‹‹‰ ‘ ‘”‡ ƒ„‘—– ‹– —–‹Ž –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ‘”‹‰Ǥ ’’ƒ”‡–Ž›ǡ ‹ ƒ† Š‹• ™‹ˆ‡ǡ ƒ”‹Ž›ǡ™‡”‡™ƒŽ‹‰–‘Ž— Š™Š‡–Š‡›‘—‰™‘ƒ™Š‘•‡’ƒŽ Š‡Šƒ†”‡ƒ†”—•Š‡†—’–‘Š‹ƒ†•ƒ‹†Dz‘ –‘”ǡ†‘ –‘”ǡ —•––ƒŽ–‘ ›‘—Ǥdz‡™‡”‡–‘Ž†–Šƒ–ƒ”‹Ž›Œ—•–•Š‘‘Š‡”Š‡ƒ†Ǥ ƒ –‘”ƒ‹‰ǣˆ–‡”Š‹•’ƒ••‹‰ǡ Šƒ†–Š‡Š‘‘”‘ˆ‹–”‘†— ‹‰ ‘Š ‡‡† –‘ –Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘Ǥ ƒ˜‹‰ ™‘”‡† ™‹–Š ‘Š ƒ• –Š‡ ”‘‰”ƒŠƒ‹”ˆ‘”ƒ˜‡‹š‘ǯ• ‘˜‡–‹‘ǡ “—‹ Ž›„‡ ƒ‡ƒ™ƒ”‡ ‘ˆŠ‹•‡š–”ƒ‘”†‹ƒ”›–ƒŽ‡–•ƒ†Š‹•‹’‘”–ƒ ‡–‘–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ ‡ ™ƒ• ‹†‡‡† –Š‡ Š‡ƒ”– ƒ† •‘—Ž ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”• –Š‡Ǣ –Š‡ ƒ–Ž‡ǡ — ŠŽ‹‡ˆ”‘Ž‹ŒƒŠ–‘Ž‹•ŠƒǡŠƒ†’ƒ••‡†ˆ”‘”ƒ‹‰–‘Š‹Ǥ ‘Š Šƒ• ‹†‡‡† ‡’– –Š‡ ˜‹•‹‘ ƒ† Šƒ• „‡‡ ‘—” Ž‘†‡•–ƒ” ƒ• ™‡ ’ƒ•• –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ”‘•• —””‡–• ‘ˆ Šƒ‰‡Ǥ ȋ† ™Šƒ– „‡––‡” ’‡”•‘ –‘ Ž‡ƒ† —• –Šƒ –Š‹• —„”‹†Ž‡† ‘’–‹‹•–ǡ ™Š‘ ƒ– –Š‡ ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ‡‹‰Š–›Ǧ‘‡ „‘—‰Š–ƒ–™‡–›Ǧˆ‹˜‡Ǧ›‡ƒ”–‹‡•Šƒ”‡ƒ– ‹‹•–‡””ƒǫȌ ‡ ‘™‡ ƒ †‡„– –‘ ”ƒ‹‰ƒ† ‘Š –Šƒ– ƒ „‡ ”‡’ƒ‹† ‘Ž› „› ‡‡’‹‰ –Š‡ ˜‹•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”• –Šƒ– –Š‡› Šƒ˜‡ •‘ Ž‘˜‹‰Ž›ƒ† ƒ”‡ˆ—ŽŽ› ’ƒ••‡† ‘ –‘ —•Ǥ  Ž‘•‹‰ǡ  Š‘‘•‡ –Š‡ ™‘”†• ‘ˆ ‹ŽŽ›  ƒ‹‡Žǡ ™Š‘ǡ ‡• Š‡™‹‰ ‰”ƒ†‹Ž‘“—‡– •’‡‡ Š‡•ǡ •‹’Ž› •ƒ‹† DzŠƒ ›‘— ˆ‘” –Š‡ Š‘‘” ‘ˆ „‡‹‰ ›‘—” ’”‡•‹†‡–Ǥ  Ž‘˜‡ ›‘— ƒŽŽǤdz ‡ƒ†ƒ†‹‡—Ǥ  ‹ ‡”‡Ž›ǡ  ”ƒ ͵ʹ     

          ȗȗȗ MYRON J. BROMBERG

MORRISTOWN,NEW JERSEY PRESIDENT 2000  Š‡ Š‹‰Š ’‘‹– ˆ‘” › ›‡ƒ” ƒ• ƒ””‹•–‡” ’”‡•‹†‡– ™ƒ• –Š‡ ƒ—ƒŽ ‡‡–‹‰ ‹ ‡˜‹• ƒ– –Š‡ ‘—” ‡ƒ•‘• ‡•‘”–Ǥ – ‡˜‡ •—”’ƒ••‡†‘—”‹†Ǧ›‡ƒ”‘ƒ”†‡‡–‹‰ƒ–Š‹•–Ž‡”†—”‹‰›–‡”Ǥ –™ƒ•‰”‡ƒ–ˆ—™‘”‹‰™‹–Šƒƒ†ƒ”‘Ž‡‡ŽŽ›ǡ ‘Šƒ† Š‡Žƒ ‡™ƒǡ ‹ŽŽ ƒ† — › ƒ”Ž‡›ǡ –Š‡ ‡‡†•ǡ ƒ†ǡ ‘ˆ ‘—”•‡ǡ ‹•ƒǡ ‘ ƒ””ƒ‰‡‡–•Ǥ ‹•ƒǯ• ‹•‹•–‡ ‡ –Šƒ– ƒ Ž‘ ƒŽ „ƒ† Ž‡ƒ” –‘ ’Žƒ›‘–‘™ˆ‘”–Š‡ˆ‹ƒŽ†‹‡””‡•—Ž–‡†‹‹’‘”–‹‰‡™—•‹ –‘ –Š‡‹•Žƒ†ǤŠ‡’‹ƒ‘‡–‡”–ƒ‹‡–’”‘˜‹†‡†„››ƒŽ‡ǯͷ͸„—††›ǡ ‘Šƒ–‘ǡ–Š‡Œƒœœƒ˜‡ǡ™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰Ǥ Ž–Š‘—‰Š Šƒ˜‡’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡†‹ƒ›Ž‡‰ƒŽ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘•ǡ–Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•Šƒ•„‡‡›ˆƒ˜‘”‹–‡Ǥ –™ƒ•ƒ‰”‡ƒ–Š‘‘”–‘Šƒ˜‡•‡”˜‡† ƒ•’”‡•‹†‡–‘‡–Šƒ– •ŠƒŽŽƒŽ™ƒ›•–”‡ƒ•—”‡Ǥ  ‹‡

͵͵ ͵Ͷ     

          ȗȗȗ   JOE McLEOD

FAYETTEVILLE,NORTH CAROLINA PRESIDENT 2001  ŽŽ‡‡ ƒ†  ™‹ŽŽ Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ‡„‡”•‘ˆ –Š‡  ˆ‘” –™‡–› ›‡ƒ”•ƒ–‘—”—’ ‘‹‰‡‡–‹‰‹ Ž‘”‹†ƒǤ –”—Ž›„‡Ž‹‡˜‡–Šƒ–™Šƒ– •‡–• –Š‹• ‰”‘—’ ƒ’ƒ”– ˆ”‘ ƒŽŽ ‘–Š‡” ‰”‘—’• ƒ”‡ –Š‡ Ž‘•‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†ƒ‘‰–Š‡‡„‡”•ǡ–Š‡•’‘—•‡•ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ •’‡ ‹ƒŽ ˆ”‹‡†•Ǥ Š‡•‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’• ƒ”‡ ˆ‘•–‡”‡† ƒ† ‘—”‹•Š‡†„›–Š‡ˆƒ ––Šƒ–Dz•Š‘’–ƒŽdzƒ†„—•‹‡••†‹• —••‹‘•ƒ”‡ •–”‹ –Ž›‘ˆˆŽ‹‹–•ǤŠ‹•’‘Ž‹ ›ƒŽŽ‘™•‰—‡•–•ƒ†•’‘—•‡•–‘ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡‹–Š‡†‹• —••‹‘•ƒ†‡Œ‘›–Š‡’”‘‰”ƒ•Ǥ‘ ‘’ƒ”‡ –Š‹•’”ƒ –‹ ‡–‘‘–Š‡”’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰•‹••‹‹Žƒ”–‘ ‘’ƒ”‹‰ƒ Šƒ’’›ˆƒ‹Ž›”‡—‹‘–‘ƒ ƒ”Ǧ†‡ƒŽ‡”•–”ƒ†‡•Š‘™Ǩ ƒ††‹–‹‘–‘–Š‡‘Ǧ„—•‹‡••Ǧ„”ƒ‰‰‹‰”—Ž‡ǡ–Š‡’‘Ž‹ ›‘ˆ‘ ’‘Ž‹–‹ • ƒŽ•‘ ’”‘‘–‡• ƒ „‘† ƒ‘‰ –Š‡ ‡„‡”• ƒ† ‘–Š‡”• „› ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ ƒ ‘’’‘”–—‹–› –‘ ‰‡– –‘ ‘™ ‘–Š‡”• ‹ †‡’–Š –Š”‘—‰Š ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘•–Š”‘—‰Š‘—––Š‡‡‡–‹‰•ƒ†›‡ƒ””‘—†Ǥƒ› ‘ˆ‘—”„‡•–ƒ†Ž‘‰‡•–ˆ”‹‡†•Šƒ˜‡ ‘‡ˆ”‘‘—”›‡ƒ”•™‹–Š–Š‡ ‰”‘—’ǡƒ†ƒ”‘ŽŽ ƒŽŽ‘ˆƒ‡•„”‹‰•–‘‹†ƒ›‰”‡ƒ––‹‡•™‹–Š ˆ”‹‡†•ǤŠ‡Š‹††‡‰‡•ƒ”‡‹–Š‡‡„‡”•ǡ•’‘—•‡•ǡƒ†‰—‡•–•ǡ ƒ† Ž‹ˆ‡Ž‘‰ –”‡ƒ•—”‡• ƒ”‡ — ‘˜‡”‡† ™Š‡ ‘‡ ‹˜‡•–• –Š‡ –‹‡ –‘ „‡ ‘‡ „‡––‡” ƒ “—ƒ‹–‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‰—‡•–•ǡ –Š‡ •’‡ƒ‡”• ƒ† ‘–Š‡” „ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ‡–‡ ‹–‡ƒˆ‡™’‡”•‘ƒŽ‡šƒ’Ž‡•Ǥ ŽŽ‡‡ ƒ†  ˆ‹”•– ƒ––‡†‡† ƒ– ƒ—ƒ ‡ƒ ™Š‡ ‘‡Ž ‘›†‡ ™ƒ• ’”‡•‹†‡–Ǥ Š‘ †‘‡• ‘– –Š‹ ‘ˆ ‘‡Ž ƒ† Š‹• ™‹ˆ‡ ‡ƒ ™Š‡ Dzƒ›‘›dz‹••—‰ǡ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ”‘—†–ƒ–”‹ ̵•ƒ›Ǩ•ŽŽ‡‡ ‘ ‡•ƒ‹†ǡDzŠ‘‡˜‡”‹•‘–•Š‡††‹‰ƒ–‡ƒ”‹••‘‡‘‡ †‘ǯ–™ƒ– –‘‘™Ǥdz ™‘ ›‡ƒ”• Žƒ–‡”ǡ ƒ– –Š‡ ‘’‡‹‰ ”‡ ‡’–‹‘ ‹ ƒ’Ž‡•ǡ ™‡ ‡–‡”‡† –Š‡ •‹Ž Dz—Ž–ƒǯ• ‡–dz ƒ– –Š‡ ‹–œ ƒ”Ž–‘ǡ ™Š‡”‡  ‡ ‘—–‡”‡†ƒ–ƒŽŽ‰‡–Ž‡ƒ™Š‘Ž‘‘‡†ƒ–›ƒ‡–ƒ‰Ǥ ‡•ƒ‹†ǡ Dz› ‹††Ž‡ ƒ‡ ‹•  ‡‘†ǡ †‘ ›‘— ‹† ‹ˆ  ƒŽŽ ›‘— ‘—•‹ǫdz 

͵ͷ ͵͸     

Ž‘‘‡†ƒ–Š‹•–ƒ‰ǡ™Š‹ Š™ƒ•™Š‹–‡ȋƒ•’‡ƒ‡”ǯ•–ƒ‰Ȍƒ†•ƒ™–Šƒ–‹– ”‡ƒ†Dz‘›‡‡†›Ǥdz ”‡’‡ƒ–‡†–‘›•‡Žˆƒ ‘—’Ž‡‘ˆ–‹‡•ǡDz‘› ‡‡†›ǡ ‘› ‡‡†› Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ  Š › ‰‘•ŠǨ ”Ǥ —•–‹ ‡ –Š‘› Ǥ ‡‡†›Ǩdz › ’ƒ”–‹‰ ‡‘”› ˆ”‘ –Šƒ– ‹‰Š– ™ƒ• ”Ǥ —•–‹ ‡ ‡‡†›ƒ†Š‹•Ž‘˜‡Ž›™‹ˆ‡ƒ”›ǡ†ƒ ‹‰—†‡”–Š‡–‡––‘–Š‡–—‡ ‘ˆBad, Bad, Leroy BrownǤ ’‡ƒ‹‰ ‘ˆ  —’”‡‡ ‘—”– —•–‹ ‡• „”‹‰• –‘ ‹† ƒ ‘˜‡–‹‘‹”‹œ‘ƒǡƒ–™Š‹ Š —•–‹ ‡ƒ†”ƒƒ›ǯ‘‘” ƒ‡–‘ ‘—”‡‡–‹‰ƒ•ƒ•’‡ƒ‡”™‹–ŠŠ‡”Š—•„ƒ†ǤŠ‹•™ƒ•ƒˆ–‡”•Š‡Šƒ† ”‡–‹”‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘—”–Ǥ Š‡ ƒƒœ‹‰ ˆƒ – ™ƒ• –Šƒ– ™Š‡ •Š‡ ƒ‘— ‡†Š‡”’Žƒ•–‘”‡–‹”‡ǡ•Š‡”‡ ‡‹˜‡†‘˜‡”ͳͲǡͲͲͲ‹˜‹–ƒ–‹‘• –‘•’‡ƒ‹–Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡ƒ‘— ‡‡–ǤŠ‡Šƒ† ‘–„‡‡‹˜‹–‡†ƒ•ƒ•’‡ƒ‡”–‘–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǡ„—–™ƒ••—„•–‹–—–‹‰ ˆ‘”ƒˆ‘”‡” Ž‡”‘ˆŠ‡”•™Š‘Šƒ†„‡‡‹˜‹–‡†„—–™ƒ•—ƒ„Ž‡–‘ ƒ––‡†ƒ––Š‡Žƒ•–‘‡–Ǥ Š‡ Šƒ”Ž‹‡ Žƒ Šƒ”† ™ƒ• ’”‡•‹†‡–ǡ –Š‡ ‘ƒ”† ‡‡–‹‰ ™ƒ•Š‡Ž†‹•Š‡˜‹ŽŽ‡ǡ‘”–Šƒ”‘Ž‹ƒǡƒ––Š‡Š‹•–‘”‹  ”‘˜‡ƒ” Ǥ  †‹• ‘˜‡”‡†–™‘‰‡•–Šƒ–™‡‡‡†–Šƒ–ƒ†‡Žƒ•–‹‰‹’”‡••‹‘•‘ ‡ǤŠ‡ –™‘ ™‡”‡ ƒ  ƒ† ƒ”‰ƒ”‡– ”‡••ƒ†–ƒŽ‡› ƒ†‹ƒ ”‹•–Ǩ •ƒ–ƒ–„”‡ƒˆƒ•–‘‡‘”‹‰™‹–Š ƒ ƒ†ƒ”‰ƒ”‡–Ǥ „ƒ”‡Ž› ‡™ –Š‡ǡ ƒ† ™‡ •’‡– ƒ Ž‘‰ –‹‡ Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ ƒ„‘—– ‡ƒ Š ‘–Š‡”Ǥ ƒ ǯ••–‘”›Šƒ••–— ™‹–Š‡ˆ‘”ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•––™‡–››‡ƒ”•Ǥ ƒ ‰”‡™—’ ‘ƒˆƒ”‹‘—–Šƒ‘–ƒǤ ‹•‰”ƒ†ˆƒ–Š‡”†‹‡†™Š‹Ž‡Š‹•ˆƒ–Š‡”™ƒ• Š‹‰Š• Š‘‘Žǡƒ†ƒ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–Š‹•ˆƒ–Š‡”Šƒ†–‘–ƒ‡‘˜‡”–Š‡ˆƒ”Ǥ ‡ †‹†‘–Šƒ˜‡ƒ‘’’‘”–—‹–›–‘ƒ––‡† ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ǤŠ‡ ‘’ƒ›™‘—Ž† ‘‡–‘˜‹•‹–ǡ›‘—‰ ƒ ™ƒ•”‹†‹‰ƒ„”‘‘•–‹ Š‘”•‡ƒ”‘—†–Š‡ Š‘—•‡Ǥ ‹•ˆƒ–Š‡”–ƒ—‰Š–Š‹–‘”‡•’‘†–‘–Š‡“—‡•–‹‘‘ˆ™Šƒ–ƒ”‡ ›‘— ‰‘‹‰ –‘ „‡ ™Š‡ ›‘— ‰”‘™ —’ „› •ƒ›‹‰ǡ Dz  ƒ ‰‘‹‰ –‘ ƒ”˜ƒ”†Ǥdz Š‡ ƒ  ˆ‹‹•Š‡† Š‹‰Š • Š‘‘Žǡ   Šƒ† „‡‰—ǡ •‘ ƒ  ‡–‡”‡† –Š‡ ƒ”›Ǥ ˆ–‡” –Š‡ ™ƒ” ™ƒ• ‘˜‡”ǡ ƒ  ”‡ ƒŽŽ‡† ™Šƒ– Š‹• ˆƒ–Š‡”Šƒ†–ƒ—‰Š–Š‹ǡ•‘Š‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†–‘ ƒ”˜ƒ”†Ǥ—”‹‰–Š‡™ƒ”ǡ ƒ  ™ƒ•‹•–”—‡–ƒŽ‹Š‡Ž’‹‰–‘„”‡ƒ–Š‡‡‡› ‘†‡Ǥ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–ǡŠ‡     ͵͹ 

™ƒ•ƒ†‹––‡†–‘ ƒ”˜ƒ”†ǡƒ†Š‡™ƒ•‰‹˜‡–™‘ˆ—ŽŽ›‡ƒ”•ǯ ”‡†‹–Ǩ ‡ ‡–‡”‡†ƒ•ƒŒ—‹‘”ƒ†‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡†‹–™‘›‡ƒ”•ǨǨ‹ ‡Š‡Šƒ†ƒ›‡ƒ” ”‡ƒ‹‹‰ ‘ –Š‡  ‹ŽŽǡ ƒ  ™‡– –‘ ‡‘”‰‡–‘™ –‘ Žƒ™ • Š‘‘ŽǤ Š‡Š‡ˆ‹‹•Š‡†ǡŠ‡ƒ†–Š”‡‡‘ˆŠ‹• Žƒ••ƒ–‡••–ƒ”–‡†ƒˆ‹”‹ –Šƒ–„‡ ƒ‡ ‘‰ƒƬ ƒ”–•‘ǤŠƒ–ƒ‰‡–Š‹••–‘”›‹•ǡƒ†‹–„‡‰ƒ ™‹–Šƒ‡Ž‹‰Š–‡‡†ˆƒ–Š‡”™Š‘‹•’‹”‡†Š‹••‘–‘‰”‡ƒ–‡••Ǥ ––Šƒ–•ƒ‡‘ƒ”†‡‡–‹‰‹•Š‡˜‹ŽŽ‡ǡŽŽ›ƒ† •–ƒ›‡†‘˜‡” ƒ– –Š‡ ”‘˜‡ ƒ” ‘–‡ŽǤ – ™ƒ• ƒ–—”†ƒ› ‹‰Š–ǡ ƒ† ‘•– ‘ƒ”† ‡„‡”•Šƒ†Ž‡ˆ–Ǥ•™‡‡–‡”‡†–Š‡†‹‹‰”‘‘‹–Š‡‰”‡ƒ–ŠƒŽŽǡ ™‡‡ ‘—–‡”‡†–ƒŽ‡›ƒ†‹ƒ”‹•–Ǥ‹ ‡™‡†‹†‘–‘™–Š‡ ™‡ŽŽǡ™‡™‡Ž ‘‡†–Š‡‘’’‘”–—‹–›–‘†‹‡™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ†„‡ ‘‡ „‡––‡”ƒ “—ƒ‹–‡†Ǥ–ƒŽ‡›™ƒ•ƒŽƒ”‰‡‰”‹œœŽ›„‡ƒ”‘ˆƒƒ™‹–Šƒ Š‡ƒ”–‘ˆ’—”‡‰‘Ž†ƒ†ƒ˜‡”›“—‹ ™‹–Ǥ ‘‡ ›‡ƒ”• Žƒ–‡”ǡ ƒ– ƒ ‘ƒ”† ‘ˆ ‘˜‡”‘”• ‡‡–‹‰ ‹ — ƒŽŽ‡›ǡ†—”‹‰ƒ†‹• —••‹‘‘ˆƒ’”‘’‘•‡†ˆ‡ƒŽ‡‡„‡”ǡ–Š‡”‡™ƒ• ‘ ‡” –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‡–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‰‡†‡” ™ƒ• ‹ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡Ǥ ‘‡‘‡ ƒ†‡ ƒ ‘–‹‘ –Šƒ– Dz–Š‡ ‹—–‡• „‡ ƒ‡†‡† ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ ‘‹‡‡ ™ƒ•”‡ˆ‡””‡†–‘ƒ•ƒ™‘ƒǤdz–ƒŽ‡›”‹•–“—‹ Ž›‹–‡”Œ‡ –‡†–‘ƒ†† –Š‡ ™‘”†• Dz†ƒ ˆ‹‡Ǥdz Š‡ǡ •ƒ†Ž›ǡ –ƒŽ‡› †‹‡† •‘‡–‹‡ Žƒ–‡”ǡ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•™‹˜‡•™‡––‘‡šƒ•–‘„‡™‹–Š‹ƒ”‹•–Ǥ Š‡ ™‹˜‡• ™‘”‡ „Žƒ  ƒ’• ™‹–Š –Š‡ Ž‡––‡”•   ȋƒ ‹‡ ‘ƒȌǤŠ‡›•–ƒ›‡†‹–‘— Šƒ•ƒ‰”‘—’ˆ‘”›‡ƒ”•ƒ†”‡ˆ‡””‡†–‘ –Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ƒ•–Š‡ƒ ‹‡•Ǩ ˜‹†‡ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ – ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘Ǧ•Š‘’Ǧ–ƒŽ ”—Ž‡ ™ƒ• ‡šŠ‹„‹–‡† ™Š‡ ƒ •’‡ƒ‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡   †‹‡† ™‹–Š •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‡„‡”• ‘ –Š‡ ‹‰Š– „‡ˆ‘”‡ Š‹• •’‡‡ ŠǤ —”‹‰ †‹‡” ‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ •’‡ƒ‡” ƒ•‡†–Š‡‡„‡”•ǡDzŠƒ––›’‡‘ˆŽƒ™†‘‡ƒ Š‘ˆ›‘—’”ƒ –‹ ‡ǫdz ƒ ‘– •—”‡ Š‡ „‡Ž‹‡˜‡† –Š‡ ”‡•’‘•‡ ™Š‡ ‡˜‡”›‘‡ Ž‘‘‡† ƒ– ‡ƒ Š ‘–Š‡”ǡ•Š”—‰‰‡†ǡƒ†”‡’Ž‹‡†ǡDz‡†‘ǯ–‘™„‡ ƒ—•‡™‡†‘‘––ƒŽ ƒ„‘—––Šƒ–ƒ–‘—”‡‡–‹‰•Ǥdz  ™‘—Ž† „‡ ”‡‹•• ‹ˆ  ˆƒ‹Ž‡† –‘ ‡–‹‘ •‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‘•‡ ™Š‘ ‘–”‹„—–‡†–‘–Š‡‰”‡ƒ–Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–Š‹•‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘Ǥ ™ƒ•ˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡ –‘‘™”ƒ‹‰’”ƒ‰‡„‡”‰ǡ™Š‘ Šƒ”–‡†–Š‡ ‘—”•‡‡ƒ Š›‡ƒ”ˆ‘” ‡™ ‡„‡”• ƒ† ™Š‘ ™ƒ• •— ‡‡† „› ‘‡Ž ‘›†‡ǡ ƒ† Žƒ–‡” „› ͵ͺ     

ƒ ‹„‡”Ǥ ƒ ™ƒ•–Š‡’”‘‰”ƒ Šƒ‹”–Š‡›‡ƒ” ™ƒ•’”‡•‹†‡–Ǥ ‡™ƒ• ™‘†‡”ˆ—Ž–‘™‘”™‹–Šƒ†ƒƒ™‹–Šƒ‰”‡ƒ–•‡•‡‘ˆŠ—‘”Ǥ ‡ ’Žƒ›‡†‘”‡–Šƒ‘‡–”‹ ‘‡‹’Žƒ‹‰‘—” ‘˜‡–‹‘Ǥˆ–‡” ‘‡ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ƒŽŽ ™‹–Š Š‹ ‹ ™Š‹ Š Š‡ –‘Ž† ‡ Š‡ Šƒ† Ž‘•– –Š‡ ‘–‡•  Šƒ† ‰‹˜‡ Š‹ ‘ ‡”‹‰ ‡”–ƒ‹ •’‡ƒ‡”•ǡ  ”‡ƒ”‡† –‘ ŽŽ›ǡDzŠƒ–‹••‘‘—–‘ˆ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”ˆ‘” ƒ ‹„‡”Ǩ ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡŠ‡™ƒ–• –‘„”‹‰Š‹••‹•–‡”–‘„‡‘–Š‡’”‘‰”ƒǤdz‹––Ž‡†‹† ‘™–Šƒ–•Š‡ Šƒ†„‡‡–Š‡Šƒ”’‹•–ˆ‘”–Š‡ •”ƒ‡ŽŠ‹ŽŠƒ”‘‹ ” Š‡•–”ƒˆ‘”‰‘‹‰ ‘ˆ‘”–››‡ƒ”•Ǩ †‘ǯ––Š‹ Šƒ˜‡‡˜‡”„‡‡‘”‡‘˜‡†–Šƒ™Š‡ •Š‡•Š‘™‡†–Š‡˜‹†‡‘‘ˆŠ‡”’Žƒ›‹‰ˆ‘”–Š‡”‹‡‹‹•–‡”‘ˆ •”ƒ‡Ž‹ ƒ†–Š‡‘’‡ǤŽ›–Š”‡‡’‡”•‘•‹–Šƒ–”‘‘Ǩ  Šƒ˜‡ ƒ› ‘–Š‡” ˆ‘† ‡‘”‹‡• ‘ˆ ‘—” –‹‡• ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ‹•–‡”•Ǥ —•––Š‡‡–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹”ƒ‡•„”‹‰•–‘‹†–Š‘—‰Š–•‘ˆ ˆ— –‹‡•Ǩ Ž‡š ‡™–‘ ƒ† ƒŽ–‡” ›ƒ”•ƒŽ™ƒ›• –”—‡ ‘—–Š‡” ‰‡–Ž‡‡Ǩ † ‹ŽŽ›  ƒ‹‡Žǡ ™Š‘•‡ †”ƒ™Ž ™ƒ• •‘ Š‡ƒ˜› ™‡ –Š‘—‰Š–Š‡Šƒ†ƒ”„Ž‡•‹Š‹•‘—–ŠǤƒ›‡ƒ”•‘ǡ™Š‘™ƒ•–Š‡Žƒ•– ’‡”•‘ ‘™‹ Ž‘”‹†ƒ–‘’”‘‘— ‡Š‹• ‹–›Dz‹ƒ—ŠǤdz  –”‡ƒ•—”‡ –Š‡ ƒ› ‰‘Žˆ ƒ– Š‡• ™Š‡ ‘ ‡ƒ–‹‰ ƒ†  ™‘—Ž† ‘’‡–‡ ™‹–Š ƒ ‡ŽŽ› ƒ† ‘‡ ‡—•‡› ˆ‘” DzŠ‡ —’Ǥdz – –—”•‘—–ǡ–Š‡ —’™ƒ•ƒƒ•‘Œƒ” ˆ‹ŽŽ‡†™‹–Šƒ Ž‡ƒ”Ž‹“—‹†Ǩ  ƒŽ•‘ Š— Ž‡ƒ––Š‡‡‘”›‘ˆŽ‡ƒ˜‹‰–Š‡–‡‹• ‘—”–™‹–Š‘„‹––‡”ƒ• › †‘—„Ž‡• ’ƒ”–‡” ™Š‡ •‘‡‘‡ ƒŽŽ‡† Dz ‘™ †‹† ›‘— †‘ǫdz ‘„ “—‹ Ž›”‡•’‘†‡†ǡDz –™ƒ•͸ȂͲǡ͸ȂͲǡ„—–‹–™ƒ•ǯ–”‡ƒŽŽ›–Šƒ– Ž‘•‡Ǥdz ‘„ƒ† ™‡”‡–Š‡–‡ƒ™‹–Š–Š‡œ‡”‘•Ǥ  ‘ƒ†—•ƒŽ‡šƒ†‡”™‡”‡ƒ‘–Š‡”—‹“—‡ ‘—’Ž‡‹–Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ —”‹‰ ‘‡ ‘ƒ”† †‹• —••‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ ‡‡–‹‰ †‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘™ƒ•“—‹ –‘‘’‹‡–Šƒ––Š‡Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘™ƒ•Dz•‘‡’Žƒ ‡‘‡‹••‡–ǡ ”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒƒ’Žƒ ‡‘‡™‘—Ž†‰‘Ǥdz Š‡Žƒ•–Dz‰‡dz‹ › †‹• —••‹‘ ‹–• ‘‡ ™‹–Š‘—– ‡“—ƒŽǣ  ‘Š ‡‡†Ǥ Š‡  –”› –‘ ˆ‹† –Š‡ ™‘”†• –‘ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹œ‡ ‘Š ‡‡†ǡ  ”‡‡„‡” ”ƒ ”‹š‹—•ǯ ‡‡–‹‰ ƒ– –Š‡ ˜‹ƒ”ƒ ‹ ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒǤ ‡ ™‡”‡ ‰‘‹‰ †‘™ ‘‡ ˆƒ‹”™ƒ› ™Š‡ † ƒ–‘‹ Š ƒ‡ —’ –Š‡ ƒ†Œ‘‹‹‰ ‘‡Ǥ ‡ ‹“—‹”‡† Š‘™ Š‡ ™ƒ• ’Žƒ›‹‰ ƒ† Š‡ •ƒ‹†ǡ Dz‘     ͵ͻ 

’‘‘”Ž›ǡ  Šƒ˜‡ ”— ‘—– ‘ˆ ’”‘ˆƒ‹–›Ǥdz ‡ŽŽǡ ™Š‡ ‘Š ‡‡† ‹• †‹• —••‡†ǡ–Š‡”‡‹•‘’”‘ˆƒ‹–›‹˜‘Ž˜‡†ǡ„—–™Š‡ –”›–‘–Š‹‘ˆ ƒ†Œ‡ –‹˜‡• –‘ †‡• ”‹„‡ ™Šƒ– Š‡ ‡ƒ• –‘ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǡ ‡ƒ Š ƒ† ‡˜‡”› ‘‡ ‘ˆ —•ǡ  ”— ‘—– ‘ˆ ƒ†Œ‡ –‹˜‡•Ǥ ‡ ‹• –Š‡ Š‡ƒ”–ǡ •‘—Žǡ ƒ† ‘”ƒŽ ‘’ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘ ‹‡–›‘ˆƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ ‡‹•ƒ‹†ǡ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‡ǡ ‹–‡ŽŽ‹‰‡– ƒ† ‘’ƒ••‹‘ƒ–‡ ’‡”•‘Ǥ ŽŽ ‘ˆ ‘—” Ž‹˜‡• Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ƒ†‡„‡––‡”ˆ”‘‘™‹‰Š‹Ǥ ‹‡ ”‘„‡”‰ •’‡ƒ”Š‡ƒ†‡† –Š‡ ‘˜‡‡– –‘ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ †—”‹‰ Š‹• –‡—”‡ ƒ• ’”‡•‹†‡–Ǥ Š‡ ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ ™ƒ• ‘’Ž‡–‡† †—”‹‰ › –‡”ǡ †—‡ –‘ ‹‡ǯ• Šƒ”† ™‘”ǤŠ‡Žƒ”‰‡•–•‹‰Ž‡ ‘–”‹„—–‹‘‡˜‡”ƒ†‡–‘–Š‡ ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ ™ƒ•‹Š‘‘”‘ˆ ‘Šƒ†‘–‡‡†ǤŠ‹•ƒ––‡•–•–‘–Š‡Š‹‰Š”‡‰ƒ”†‹ ™Š‹ Š –Š‡› ƒ”‡ Š‡Ž†Ǩ ‡ –”—Ž› ‹•• ‘–ǯ• ‡˜‡”Ǧˆƒ‹–Šˆ—Ž ’”‡•‡ ‡ƒ– ‘—” ‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰•ǡ ƒ† ‘•‹†‡” ‘—”•‡Ž˜‡• •‘ ˜‡”› ˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡ –‘ ‡Œ‘› ‘Š‡‡†ǯ•™ƒ”’”‡•‡ ‡™Š‡™‡ ‘˜‡‡Ǥ Š‡  ”‡ ƒŽŽ ’‘”–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‹• †‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ •— ‡••Dz–‘ ™‹ –Š‡”‡•’‡ –‘ˆ‹–‡ŽŽ‹‰‡–’‡‘’Ž‡ǡ–‘‡ƒ”–Š‡ƒ’’”‘„ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŠ‘‡•– ”‹–‹ •ǡǤǤǤ–‘ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‡„‡ƒ—–›ǡ–‘ˆ‹†–Š‡„‡•–‹‘–Š‡”•ǡ–‘Ž‡ƒ˜‡–Š‡ ™‘”Ž†ƒ„‹–„‡––‡”ǤǤǤƒ†–‘‘™–Šƒ–‡˜‡‘‡Ž‹ˆ‡Šƒ•„”‡ƒ–Š‡† ‡ƒ•‹‡” „‡ ƒ—•‡ ›‘— ‘ ‡ Ž‹˜‡†dzͳ  ƒ ‘ˆ‹†‡– –Šƒ– ‹–• ƒ—–Š‘” ‹–‡†‡†–‘†‡• ”‹„‡ƒ’‡”•‘•— Šƒ• ‘Š‡‡†Ǩ     ‘‡ 

ͳǤŠ‹•“—‘–‡Šƒ•‡ƒ”Ž›ƒ•ƒ›˜‡”•‹‘•ƒ•‹–Šƒ•ƒ––”‹„—–‡†ƒ—–Š‘”•ǡ„—––Š‡ˆ‹”•–‘ˆ –Š‡Žƒ––‡”™ƒ•‡˜‹†‡–Ž›‡••›Ǥ–ƒŽ‡›ǡ™Š‘•‡†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘™ƒ•’—„Ž‹•Š‡† Š‡‡„› Œ‘™Ž™‹–Šƒ’‘‡„›ƒŽ’ŠƒŽ†‘‡”•‘‹ͳͻͳͳǡŽ‡ƒ†‹‰ƒ›–‘–Š‹Š‹‹–• ƒ—–Š‘”ǤSeeŠ––’ǣȀȀ“—‘–‡‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‘”Ǥ ‘ȀʹͲͳʹȀͲ͸Ȁʹ͸Ȁ†‡ˆ‹‡Ǧ•— ‡••ȀǤ See also Š––’ǣȀȀ‡‡”•‘ǦŽ‡‰ƒ ›Ǥ–ƒ—Ǥ‡†—Ȁ’Š‡‡”ƒȀ— ‡••ǤŠ–ŽǤ  ͶͲ     

 

* ** DANIEL J. KELLY1

SAN FRANCISCO,CALIFORNIA PRESIDENT 2003  Remembrances, Including Michigan Inspiration and Erudition, the Texas Twang, and the Alabama Drawl  Šƒ†–Š‡’Ž‡ƒ•—”‡ƒ†Š‹‰ŠŠ‘‘”‘ˆ•‡”˜‹‰ƒ• ”‡•‹†‡– ‹ʹͲͲ͵ǤŠ‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘–Šƒ–›‡ƒ”™ƒ•Š‡Ž†‹ƒ’Ž‡•ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒǡƒ––Š‡ –Š‡Ǧ‡™‹–œƒ”Ž–‘ ‘Žˆ‡•‘”–Ǥƒ”‘Ž‡ƒ† Š‘•–‡†–Š‡•—‡” „‘ƒ”†‡‡–‹‰ƒ––Š‡’Žƒ ‡™‡ ƒŽŽŠ‘‡ǡƒ’ƒǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒǤ ••‡ ”‡–ƒ”›Ȃ–”‡ƒ•—”‡”ǡƒ”‘Ž‡ƒ† ™‡”‡”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ˆ‘”–Š‡ ’”‘‰”ƒˆ‘”–Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘Š‘•–‡†„›‹‡ƒ†‹•ƒ”‘„‡”‰‘ –Š‡‹•Žƒ†‘ˆ‡˜‹•ǡ‹–Š‡‡•– †‹‡•Ǥ™‘‘ˆ–Š‡•’‡ƒ‡”••–ƒ†‘—– ‹›‡‘”›ƒ†™‡”‡ƒ‹ˆ”‹‡†•ǣ ”‡†Ǥ ”ƒ›‘ˆŽƒ„ƒƒǡƒ ‡ŽŽ‘™‘ˆ–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ǡƒ† —†‰‡ ‘•‡’ŠǤ‡‡†›‘ˆ‘˜ƒ ‘–‹ƒǤ Š‡›™‡”‡•‘‰‘‘†–Šƒ–ƒ•’”‡•‹†‡– ƒ•‡†–Š‡–‘†‘ƒ‡ ‘”‡ƒ– › ‘˜‡–‹‘ ‹ ƒ’Ž‡•Ǥ ‰ƒ‹ –Š‡› ™‡”‡ „‘–Š •—’‡”„ǡ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š —†‰‡ ‡‡†› ™ƒ• ƒ „‹– †‹•ƒ’’‘‹–‡† –Šƒ– Š‹• ‡ ‘”‡ ™ƒ• ‘– ‹ ƒ’Ž‡•ǡ –ƒŽ›ǡ„—–”ƒ–Š‡”ƒ’Ž‡•ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒǤʹ ’‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ‡ ‘”‡•ǡƒ–‡˜‹•™‡™‡”‡‡–‡”–ƒ‹‡†„›’‹ƒ‹•– ‘Šƒ–‘ǡƒƒŽ‡ Žƒ••ƒ–‡‘ˆ‹‡”‘„‡”‰ǤŠ‡‘‡•’‡ƒ‡” •—††‡Ž› ™‹–Š†”‡™ǡ  ƒ•‡† ‘Š –‘ †‘ ƒ ‡ ‘”‡ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ǡ ™Š‹ ŠŠ‡ƒ ‡’–‡†ƒ††‡˜‘–‡†–‘‘Ž‡‘”–‡”ƒ† ‘ƒ‰›ƒ”‹ Šƒ‡Ž •‘‰•Ǥ ‘Š‡‡†™ƒ•ƒ„‹–„‡™‹Ž†‡”‡†ƒ•–‘Š‘™Š‡ ‘—Ž†–—”–™‘ —•‹ ƒŽ”‡ ‹–ƒŽ•‹–‘ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ƒ†ƒƒ”–‹ Ž‡ˆ‘”–Š‡QuarterlyǤ  ™ƒ•Š‡ƒ”†–‘•ƒ›ǡDz‘–›’”‘„Ž‡Ǥdz͵

ͳǤ ‹–‹ƒŽŽ› –Š‘—‰Š–™‘—Ž†™”‹–‡ƒ‹–”‘†— –‹‘‡š’Žƒ‹‹‰–Š‹••Š‘”–‡••ƒ›Ǥ ™ƒ• ”‡‹†‡†–Šƒ––Š‡‡Ž•Š’‘‡–›ŽƒŠ‘ƒ•‘ ‡”‡ˆ—•‡†–‘‡š’Žƒ‹‘‡‘ˆŠ‹• ’‘‡•„›•ƒ›‹‰ǡDz‡––Š‡Ž‹––Ž‡Ž›”‹ ƒŽ ”‹’’Ž‡•–ƒ†‘”ˆƒŽŽ‘‹–•‘™Ǥdz‘„‡‹–Ǥ ʹǤ ‘––ƒ† ‡ƒ‹‡‘™‡ŽŽ™‡”‡‹ Šƒ”‰‡‘ˆ–Šƒ–›‡ƒ”ǯ•’”‘‰”ƒǤƒ”‘Ž‡ƒ† •‘ ‡Œ‘›‡†™‘”‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ†ƒ”‡•–‹ŽŽ‹†‡„–‡†–‘–Š‡ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡‹”™‘†‡”ˆ—Ž ’Žƒ‹‰Ǥ ͵Ǥ‡ ‘—Ž†ƒ”‰—‡–Šƒ– ‘ƒ‰›ƒ”‹ Šƒ‡Žǯ•Dz  ‡–Ž‘‰‹–Š‘—–‘—‡”›‡ŽŽdz –‘— Š‡•‘ ƒ‹Ž›ƒ™Ǥ

Ͷͳ Ͷʹ     

‘–Š‡” •’‡ƒ‡” ™Š‘ •–ƒ†• ‘—– ‹ › ‹† ‹• –Š‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ •ƒ–‹”‹•–ƒ† ‘‡†‹ƒ‹ŽŽ—”•–Ǥ Šƒ†ƒ•ƒŽŽ”‘Ž‡‹‰‡––‹‰‹ŽŽ–‘ ˆ‹”•– ‡–‡”–ƒ‹ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ƒ† Šƒ˜‡ Šƒ† –Š‡ ’Ž‡ƒ•—”‡ ‘ˆ ‹–”‘†— ‹‰Š‹ƒ––™‘‘”–Š”‡‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘•Ǥ ‡ƒŽ™ƒ›•‡š ‡‡†•‘—” ‡š’‡ –ƒ–‹‘• ™‹–Š Š‹• Š‹Žƒ”‹‘—• ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ † ‹ŽŽ ‡Œ‘›•–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥˆ–‡”ƒŽŽǡŠ‡†‡• ”‹„‡•Š‹• ‘‡†›ƒ•„‡‹‰Dzˆ‘” ’‡‘’Ž‡™Š‘”‡ƒ†‘”‘™•‘‡‘‡™Š‘†‘‡•Ǥdz ‘’‡ˆ—ŽŽ›ǡ™‡‡‡– „‘–Š ”‹–‡”‹ƒǤͶ  –”—‡ Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š– ‘ˆ › ›‡ƒ” ƒ– –Š‡ Š‡Ž ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ‘ —””‡†™Š‡ƒ”‘Ž‡ƒ† –”ƒ˜‡Ž‡†–‘”„‘”ǡ‹ Š‹‰ƒǡ–‘˜‹•‹– ™‹–Š ‘Š ƒ† ‘– ‡‡†Ǥ Š‡”‡ –Š‡› ‰ƒ˜‡ —• ƒ –‘—” ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” ‡™ ‘†‘‹‹— ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡† „› ƒ –‘—” ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” „‡Ž‘˜‡† ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ‹ Š‹‰ƒƒ™ Š‘‘ŽǤŠ‡†ƒ›™ƒ• ƒ’’‡†‘ˆˆƒ–‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡‡†•ǯ ˆƒ˜‘”‹–‡ ”‡•–ƒ—”ƒ–• –Šƒ–ǡ ƒ• –Š‡› †‡• ”‹„‡†ǡ ƒ–‡”‡† –‘ Dzƒ ›‘—‰‡” ”‘™†ǡdzƒ‹‰‹–Dz‘”‡Ž‹˜‡Ž›Ǥdz Œ—•–Š‘’‡–‘ƒ‡•— Š›‘—‰ƒ† Ž‹˜‡Ž› Š‘‹ ‡•™Š‡Iƒ‹›‡‹‰Š–‹‡•Ǥ –™ƒ•‘„˜‹‘—•ˆ”‘‘—”˜‹•‹– –Šƒ– ‘Š ƒ† ‘– –”—Ž› Ž‘˜‡† ‘‡ ƒ‘–Š‡”ǡ Ž‘˜‡†  ”„‘” ƒ† ‘Š̵•Ž‘‰•–‹–ƒ––Š‡Žƒ™• Š‘‘Žǡƒ†ǡ‘ˆ ‘—”•‡ǡ–Š‡›–”—Ž›Ž‘˜‡†–Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ –™ƒ•ƒ˜‡”›‹•’‹”‹‰˜‹•‹–Ǥ ›”‡ˆŽ‡ –‹‘•‘–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•—•–‹ Ž—†‡ƒ†‹• —••‹‘‘ˆ –Š‡ Žƒ–‡ǡ ‰”‡ƒ– –ƒŽ‡› ”‹•– ‘ˆ ‘—•–‘ǡ‡šƒ•Ǥ –ƒŽ‡› ™ƒ• ƒ ‰”‡ƒ– ƒ””‹•–‡”ǡ•‡”˜‡†‘–Š‡‘ƒ”†‘ˆ ‘˜‡”‘”•ƒ††‹†Š‹•˜‡”›„‡•––‘ †”‹˜‡‡–‘†”‹ǡ†‹•‘”†‡”Ž› ‘†— –ƒ†‡†‹‘ ”‡ǡƒ–„‡•–ǡ‰‘ŽˆƒŽŽ ™‹–Š ‰”‡ƒ– Žƒ—‰Š–‡” ƒ† ˆ—Ǥ ‡ Ž‘˜‡† –‘ –‡ŽŽ ƒŽŽ –Šƒ– Š‡ ™ƒ• ŠƒŽˆ ‡™‹•Šƒ†ŠƒŽˆ ”‹•Š“—‹–‡ƒ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ  Š‹Ž‡–ƒŽ‡›™‡‹‰Š‡†ͳͲͲ’‘—†•‘”‡–Šƒ‡ǡ–Šƒ–†‹†̵– †‡–‡”‡ˆ”‘–”›‹‰–‘–Š‹  ‘—Ž†„‡Š‹•‡“—ƒŽ”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ƒŽ ‘Š‘Ž ‘•—’–‹‘Ǥ  Ǩ  ‡ ‡˜‡ ‘˜‹ ‡† ‡ ‘ ‡ –Šƒ– –‡“—‹Žƒ ™‘—Ž†„”‹‰‘—––Š‡’ƒ‹ƒ”†‹‡ƒ†™‘—Ž†‘–Ž‡ƒ˜‡ƒŠƒ‰‘˜‡”Ǥ  Ǩ 

ͶǤ–Š‡Ž‹‡”‘–‡•–‘‘‡‘ˆ—”•–ǯ••‘—”‘™ƒ•–”‡•‹†‡–†ƒ–‘‹ Š‹• “—‘–‡†ǣDz—”‡„‡”•ƒ”‡•–‹ŽŽŽƒ—‰Š‹‰Ȃ ”›‹‰‘˜‡”›‘—”˜‡”„ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘‘ˆ™Šƒ–‹• ‰‘‹‰‘‹ƒ•Š‹‰–‘ƒ†–Š‡™‘”Ž†Ǥ‡™‘—Ž†„‡Žƒ—‰Š‹‰‘”‡‹ˆ›‘—”™‘”†• ™‡”‡ǯ–„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡†ƒˆƒ –•Ǥdz     Ͷ͵ 

– ƒ Ž—ŽŽ ‹ ƒ ƒ””‹•–‡”ǯ• ‘ƒ”† ‡‡–‹‰  ™”‘–‡ –Š‹• ‘–‡ –‘ –ƒŽ‡› „‡‘ƒ‹‰ › ‰‘Žˆ ‰ƒ‡ǣ Dz ˆ  ‰ƒ˜‡ —’ ‰‘Žˆ ƒ† –‘‘ —’ ‰ƒ”†‡‹‰ǡ –Š‡ –‘ƒ–‘‡• ™‘—Ž† ‘‡ —’ •Ž‹ ‡†Ǥdz –ƒŽ‡› “—‹ Ž› • ”‹„„Ž‡†„ƒ ǡDz‡ƒŠǡ‡ŽŽ›ǡƒ†›‘— ‘—Ž†—•‡–Š‡‹›‘—”ˆƒ‘—• Š‹Ž‹†‹’•ǤdzͷŠ‡’‘‹–‘ˆ–Š‡•–‘”›‹•–Šƒ––ƒŽ‡›™ƒ•‡˜‡”ƒ–ƒŽ‘•• ˆ‘”ƒ“—‹’ǡƒŽ™ƒ›•™‹–ŠŽ‹‰Š–‹‰•’‡‡†ƒ†‡Ž‹‰Š–‡‹‰“—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ ‘–Š‡” ‰”‡ƒ– ˆ”‹‡†ǡ ƒ””‹•–‡”ǡ ƒ† •‘‡™Šƒ– ‡‡•‹• ™ƒ• ƒ•– ”‡•‹†‡– ‹ŽŽ›  ƒ‹‡Ž ‘ˆ Žƒ„ƒƒǤ ‹• ™‘†‡”ˆ—Ž †”ƒ™Ž ”‡•—Ž–‡†‹›—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ƒ„‘—–ŠƒŽˆ‘ˆ™Šƒ–Š‡•ƒ‹†ǤŠƒ–ŠƒŽˆ ƒŽ™ƒ›•Ž‡ˆ–‡Žƒ—‰Š‹‰Ǥ–›ˆ‹”•– ‘˜‡–‹‘ ™ƒ••‡Ž‡ –‡†͸–‘„‡ ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ Š‹• ‰‘Žˆ ˆ‘—”•‘‡Ǥ ”‘ Š‹• Dz‰‘Žˆ ƒ’’ƒ”‡Ždz –‘ Š‹• ‘•–ƒ– –ƒŽ‹‰ǡ  ƒ‘Ž›•ƒ›–Šƒ–‹ŽŽ›™ƒ•–‘‰‘Žˆ‡–‹“—‡––‡™Šƒ– ‘˜‡”‘” Š”‹•Š”‹•–‹‡‹•–‘’‘Ž‡˜ƒ—Ž–‹‰Ǥ‡ƒŽŽŽ‘˜‡†‹ŽŽ›ƒ†•–‹ŽŽ‹••Š‹Ǥ Š‹Ž‡ ”ƒ”‡Ž›•’‡ƒˆ‘”ƒ”‘Ž‡ǡ ™‹ŽŽ‘™Ǥ•ƒ‘Žƒ™›‡”ǡ•Š‡ •‘‡Œ‘›•–Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘’”‘‰”ƒ•ǤŠ‡›ƒ”‡‘–ƒ„— Š‘ˆDzŠ‘™Ǧ–‘dz Ž‡ –—”‡• ˆ‘” Žƒ™›‡”•Ǥ ƒ–Š‡”ǡ ™‡ Šƒ˜‡ ‡Œ‘›‡† ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘• ˆ”‘ ƒ„ƒ••ƒ†‘”•ǡ ƒ•–”‘ƒ—–•ǡ ƒ†‹”ƒŽ•ǡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ•ǡ „‹‘Ž‘‰‹•–•ǡ ’Š›•‹ ‹ƒ•ǡ ‹˜‡–‘”•ǡ‹‘˜ƒ–‘”•ǡƒ†’‘Ž‹–‹ ‹ƒ•ȋƒ†–Š‡‹”‡‡•‹•ǡ‹ŽŽ—”•–Ȍǡ ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•™”‹–‡”•ǡ•’‘”–•ˆ‹‰—”‡•ǡ–Š‡‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ•ǡƒ’‹ƒ‹•–ǡƒ†–Š‡Ž‹•–͹ ‰‘‡•‘Ǥ—”’”‘‰”ƒ•‹ˆ‘”—•‘ˆ™Šƒ–‹•‰‘‹‰‘‹–Š‡™‘”Ž†Ǥ —”‡ǡ ™‡ Šƒ˜‡ ‡Œ‘›‡† ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘• „› —’”‡‡ ‘—”– —•–‹ ‡•ǡ ––‘”‡›• ‡‡”ƒŽǡ’”‘‹‡–Žƒ™›‡”•ƒ†Žƒ™’”‘ˆ‡••‘”•ǡ„—––Š‡› ƒŽŽ•’‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡„‹‰‰‡”’‹ –—”‡”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒ•‘‡–Š‹‰’ƒ”‘ Š‹ƒŽˆ‘” Žƒ™›‡”•‘Ž›Ǥ Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘ •‡––‹‰• ƒŽ•‘ ‡”‹– ‡–‹‘Ǥ  ‰”‡ƒ– †‡ƒŽ ‘ˆ –Š‘—‰Š– ƒ† ’Žƒ‹‰ ‰‘‡• ‹–‘ ‡˜‡”› ‘˜‡–‹‘ǡ ™‹–Š ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” –Š‘—‰Š–‰‹˜‡–‘ƒ„‹ƒ ‡ǡ‡‡–‹‰”‘‘†‡•‹‰ǡˆ‘‘†“—ƒŽ‹–›ǡƒ†ǡ ‘ˆ ‘—”•‡ǡŽ‘ ƒ–‹‘ǡŽ‘ ƒ–‹‘ǡŽ‘ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ”‘‘—” –™‡–›Ǧ•‹š›‡ƒ”•‘ˆ

ͷǤ‘–Š‡‘‰‘Žˆ‡”•ǡƒ Š‹Ž‹†‹’‹•ƒˆŽ—„„‡† Š‹’•Š‘– ƒ—•‡†„›–Š‡’Žƒ›‡”–”›‹‰–‘ Š‡Ž’Ž‘ˆ––Š‡„ƒŽŽǤ ‘”–Š‘•‡™‹•Š‹‰ƒ†‡‘•–”ƒ–‹‘ǡ’Ž‡ƒ•‡™ƒ– Šƒˆ‡™Š‘Ž‡• ’Žƒ›‡†„›–ƒŽ‡›ǯ•ƒ†›ˆ”‹‡†ǡ ‹”— ‡”Ǥ–ƒŽ‡›ǯ•„”‘–Š‡”ǡ‘‹‡ǡ ‘—Ž† ƒŽ•‘ǡƒ––‹‡•ǡ“—ƒŽ‹ˆ›ƒ•ƒ†‡‘•–”ƒ–‘”‘ˆ–Š‹••Š‘–Ǥ ͸ǤŠ‡•‡Ž‡ –‹‘™ƒ•”‡ƒŽŽ›ƒDz„ƒ’–‹•„›ˆ‹”‡dz”‹–—ƒŽǤ ͹Ǥ‡ƒŽ‘•–‰‘––Š‡‡–‹”‡Ž‹•–™‹–Šƒ”‡ ‡–•’‡ƒ‡”ǣ ƒ‡•Ǥƒ‡” Šƒ•„‡‡ ‡ ”‡–ƒ”›‘ˆ–ƒ–‡ǡŠ‹–‡ ‘—•‡Š‹‡ˆ‘ˆ–ƒˆˆǡ‡ ”‡–ƒ”›‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ•—”›ƒ† †‡”•‡ ”‡–ƒ”›‘ˆ‘‡” ‡ǤŠ›‡•ǡŠ‡‹•ƒŽ•‘ƒƒ––‘”‡›Ǥ ͶͶ     

‡„‡”•Š‹’ǡƒ”‘Ž‡ƒ†  ƒ•ƒ›–Šƒ––Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘•Šƒ˜‡ƒŽŽ„‡‡ ‰”‡ƒ–„›‡˜‡”› ”‹–‡”‹‘ǤŠ‡›–”—Ž›•‡”˜‡–Š‡‹”†‡•‹‰–‘„‡ƒ”‡•’‹–‡ ˆ‘” „—•› –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”• ƒ† –Š‡‹”•—’’‘”–‹˜‡•’‘—•‡• ƒ† •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– ‘–Š‡”•Ǥ ƒ•—”‡ •’‡ƒˆ‘”ƒŽŽ’ƒ•–’”‡•‹†‡–•‹•ƒ›‹‰–Šƒ–™Š‡‹– ‘‡•–‘’Žƒ‹‰ǡ–Š‡–”ƒ˜‡Žƒ‰‡ ›”ƒ˜‡ŽƬ”ƒ•’‘”–Šƒ•ƒ†‡—• ƒŽŽ Ž‘‘ ‰‘‘†Ǥ ‡ Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ „Ž‡••‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ ™‘†‡”ˆ—Ž ‡ˆˆ‘”–• ‘ˆ ƒ›‡‡ ”‹–œǡ‹ŽŽȋƒ†— ›Ȍƒ”Ž‡›ǡƒ†›”—’ƒǡƒ†ƒ”‹ ‘Ž‡•Ǥ Š‡›ƒŽ™ƒ›••‡‡‘–‘Ž›–Š‡„‹‰’‹ –—”‡„—–ƒŽ•‘–Š‡‹—–‡†‡–ƒ‹Ž –Šƒ–ƒ‡•‹–Šƒ’’‡Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‘—†‡”• ‘ˆ ‘—” ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ †‡•‡”˜‡ ‘—” •‹ ‡”‡ ‰”ƒ–‹–—†‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ •’Ž‡†‹†Ž› ”ƒˆ–‡† ‰‘˜‡”‹‰ †‘ —‡–• –Š‡› ”‡ƒ–‡†Ǥ Š‡ ”‡“—‹”‡‡–• –Šƒ– ‡„‡”• —•– Dz’‘••‡•• ‡š ‡ŽŽ‡– Šƒ”ƒ –‡” ƒ† ‹–‡‰”‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š‹‰Š‡•– ‘”†‡”dz ƒ† Dz•ŠƒŽŽ ’‘••‡•• ƒ ƒ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ †‹•’‘•‹–‹‘dz Šƒ˜‡ ”‡•—Ž–‡† ‹ ƒ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ –Šƒ– ‹• ”‡ƒ”ƒ„Ž› •–”‘‰ ƒ† ‘Š‡•‹˜‡Ǥ ‡„‡”•Š‹’ ‹ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ”‹‰Š–Ž›”‡’”‡•‡–•–Šƒ––Š‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™Šƒ•”‹•‡–‘–Š‡Š‹‰Š‡•–‡ Š‡Ž‘‹ –Š‡Ž‡‰ƒŽ ‘—‹–›Ǥ• ƒ ‹„‡”ƒ†Š‹•’”‡†‡ ‡••‘”•”‡‹†‡†—• ‡˜‡”››‡ƒ”‹DzŠ‡‘˜‡–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡–‹‘ǡdzƒ””‹•–‡”•†‘‘– ‡‡† –‘ ‘” •Š‘—Ž† –Š‡› ‡˜‡” „”ƒ› ƒ„‘—– –Š‡‹” Ž‡‰ƒŽ ˜‹ –‘”‹‡• ‘” ƒ ‘’Ž‹•Š‡–•Ǥ ƒ–Š‡”ǡ ™‡ ƒ”‡ ˜‹‡™‡† ƒ• ‡“—ƒŽ• ™Š‘ ‰ƒ–Š‡” –‘ ‡Œ‘›‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”ǯ• ‘’ƒ›ƒ†–‘ —Ž–‹˜ƒ–‡ƒ†”‡‡™ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’•Ǥ ƒ”‘Ž‡ƒ† Ž‘˜‡–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ƒ†–Š‡™‘†‡”ˆ—Žˆ”‹‡†•™‡Šƒ˜‡ ‡–‹–Š‡’ƒ•––™‡–›Ǧ•‡˜‡›‡ƒ”•Ǥ Š‹Ž‡  Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡ –‘ Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ Š‘‘”‡† ™‹–Š •‡Ž‡ –‹‘–‘‘–Š‡”–”‹ƒŽǦŽƒ™›‡”‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘•ǡ‹–‹•›‡„‡”•Š‹’‹ –Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•–Šƒ– –”—Ž› Š‡”‹•ŠǤ‡”–ƒ‹Ž›ǡƒƒŒ‘”Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‘ˆ› Ž‡‰ƒŽ ƒ”‡‡”™ƒ•›•‡Ž‡ –‹‘–‘•‡”˜‡ƒ•–Š‡͵ͻ–Š”‡•‹†‡–‘ˆ–Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘ ‹‡–›‘ˆƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ•‹ŽŽ› ƒ‹‡Ž–Š‡•—‡†‹– —’–‘‡ǡDz‡ŽŽ›ǡ›‘—‘™ƒ”‡‹–ƒŽŽ ‘––‘Ǥdz †‡‡†Ǩ         ƒ‹‡Ž Ǥ‡ŽŽ› EDWARD J. MATONICH

HIBBING,MINNESOTA PRESIDENT 2005

 The Answer Is Frozen in the Wind  Š‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ‹ › Š‘‡–‘™ ‘ˆ ‹„„‹‰ǡ ‹‡•‘–ƒǡ ƒ”‡ Œ—•–‹ˆ‹ƒ„Ž› ’”‘—† ‘ˆ ƒ–‹˜‡ „ƒ”† ‘„‡”– ‹‡”ƒƒƒ ‘„ ›Žƒ™Š‘ ™ƒ• ”ƒ‹•‡† Š‡”‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‹†•– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹‡•ǡ ’‹‡•ǡ ƒ† Žƒ‡• ‡ƒ” –Š‡ ƒƒ†‹ƒ „‘”†‡”Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ‹„„‹‰‹–‡• „‡Ž‹‡˜‡ –Šƒ– ‘‡‘ˆ›Žƒǯ•„‡•–‘™•‘‰•™ƒ•‹•ƒ‡†™‡ ‘–‡†–Šƒ– –Š‡–‹–Ž‡‘ˆ–Šƒ–•‘‰•Š‘—Ž†„‡ǡDzŠ‡•™‡”‹• ”‘œ‡‹–Š‡‹†Ǥdz —” –‘™ǯ• ™‡ƒ–Š‡” Šƒ• „‡‡ †‡• ”‹„‡† ƒ• ‹‡ ‘–Š• ‘ˆ ™‹–‡” ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡† „› –Š”‡‡ ‘–Š• ‘ˆ ”—‡Ž –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡•Ǥ › ˆƒ–Š‡” ‘ˆ–‡ †‡• ”‹„‡†‘—” Ž‹ƒ–‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ‘†‹–‹‘•ƒ•Dz Ž‡ƒ”ƒ†•–‹ŽŽǤdz ‡™‘—Ž† ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™—’™‹–ŠǡDz Ž‡ƒ”—’–‘›‘—”ƒ••‹•‘™ƒ†•–‹ŽŽ ‘‹‰†‘™Ǥdz Š‡ ǡ™‹–Š‹–•™‹–‡” ‘˜‡–‹‘‹–Š‡ Ž‹‡•‘ˆ”‹œ‘ƒǡ ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒǡ ‘” ƒ™ƒ‹‹ǡ ’”‘˜‹†‡• › ™‹ˆ‡ —†› ƒ† ‡ ™‹–Š ™‡Ž ‘‡”‡•’‹–‡ˆ”‘–Š‡„‹––‡”™‹†•ƒ†„‡Ž‘™Ǧœ‡”‘–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡• ‘ˆ–Š‡–—†”ƒ™‡ ƒŽŽŠ‘‡ǤˆƒŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘•–Šƒ–™‡Šƒ˜‡ ƒ––‡†‡† •‹ ‡ ͳͻͺͶǡ –Š‡ ‘Ž› ‘‡ –Šƒ– Šƒ• „‡‡ ƒ””‡† „› ”—‡Ž ™‡ƒ–Š‡”™ƒ•‹”‹œ‘ƒƒ–ƒ˜‡—‡–Šƒ– —†›ƒ† Šƒ†’‹ ‡†Ǥ – •‘™‡†‘–Š‡ˆ‹”•–†ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡‡‡–‹‰ƒ†”ƒ‹‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡†—”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Ž› –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǯ •’‹”‹– ‘ˆ ™ƒ”–Šǡ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‹ƒŽ‹–›ǡ ƒ† ˆ‘”‰‹˜‡‡•• •ƒ˜‡† –Š‡ †ƒ›Ǩ Šƒ– •ƒ‡ ‹†”‡† Ž‘•‡‡•• ‡‡’•  ‡„‡”• ”‡–—”‹‰–‘–Š‡›‡ƒ”Ž›‡‡–‹‰•ƒ†•–ƒ›‹‰‹–‘— Š‹„‡–™‡‡Ǥ ‡‘ˆ›–”‡ƒ•—”‡†‡‘”‹‡•‹˜‘Ž˜‡•›Š‘•–‹‰ƒ ƒ—ƒ”› ˆ‹•Š‹‰ –”‹’ ˆ‘” ƒ””‹•–‡” ˆ”‹‡†• ˆ”‘ Žƒ„ƒƒǡ ”ƒ•ƒ•ǡ ƒ† ›‘‹‰ǡ ™Š‡ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‘ˆ › ‹‡•‘–ƒ ˆ”‹‡†• ƒ†  –ƒ—‰Š– ‘—” ƒ””‹•–‡”‰—‡•–•Š‘™–‘™ƒŽ‘™ƒ–‡”–‘‹ ‡ˆ‹•ŠǤ    †ƒ–‘‹ Š 

Ͷͷ Ͷ͸     

         ȗȗȗ SCOTT S. POWELL

BIRMINGHAM,ALABAMA PRESIDENT 2006   ‡„”—ƒ”›ǡ ͳͻͻ͸ǡ ‹ ƒ Žƒ”‰‡ ‡‡–‹‰ ”‘‘ ƒ– Š‡ ‘—” ‡ƒ•‘• ‘–‡Ž ‘ –Š‡ ‹•Žƒ† ‘ˆ ƒ—‹ǡ –Š‹• ˆ‘”–›Ǧ‘‡Ǧ›‡ƒ”Ǧ‘Ž†ǡ ”‡†Ǧ „ƒ†‰‡Ǧ Žƒ† ›‘—‰ Žƒ™›‡” Šƒ† „‡‡ ‰”‡‡–‡† ™ƒ”Ž› –Š‡ ‡˜‡‹‰ „‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ•ƒ‡™‹†— –‡‡‹–‘ Ǥ• •ƒ–‹–Šƒ–‡‡–‹‰”‘‘‘ ‘†ƒ› ‘”‹‰ǡ  Ž‘‘‡† ƒ”‘—† ƒ– –Š‡ ‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ Žƒ™›‡”•ƒ––Š‡–‘’‘ˆ–Š‡‹”‰ƒ‡Ǥ –™ƒ•ƒ™‡‹•’‹”‹‰ƒ†ǡ ƒ†‹†Ž›ǡ •‘‡™Šƒ–‹–‹‹†ƒ–‹‰Ǥˆ–‡””‡•‹†‡–‘‡ƒ–‹‰™ƒ”Ž› ™‡Ž ‘‡† –Š‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™• ƒ† –Š‡‹” •’‘—•‡•ǡ ƒ•– ”‡•‹†‡– ‹ ”— ‡”–‘‘–Š‡’‘†‹—ƒ††‡Ž‹˜‡”‡†™Šƒ– –Š‘—‰Š–ƒ––Š‡–‹‡ ™ƒ•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘•–‡Ž‘“—‡–•‘Ž‹Ž‘“—‹‡• Šƒ†‡˜‡”Š‡ƒ”†Ǥ –™ƒ•–Š‡ ‹†— –‹‘ Šƒ”‰‡–‘–Š‡‡™ ‡ŽŽ‘™•ǤŠ‡ Šƒ”‰‡‡„‘†‹‡†–Š‡˜‡”› ˆ‘—†ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†‰—‹†‹‰’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ Ǥ ƒ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰–™‹•–ǡ  “—‹ Ž›Ž‡ƒ”‡†–Šƒ––Š‡ Šƒ”‰‡™ƒ•‘–†‹”‡ –‡†•‘Ž‡Ž›–‘–Š‘•‡‘ˆ—• ™‡ƒ”‹‰”‡†„ƒ†‰‡•ǡ„—–ƒ˜‡”›ˆ‹””‡‹†‡”–‘–Š‡„Ž—‡„ƒ†‰‡•‹ ƒ––‡†ƒ ‡ƒ•™‡ŽŽǤ Š‹Ž‡–Š‡ Šƒ”‰‡‹•ƒ”‡ƒ”ƒ„Ž›ˆ”‡‡‘ˆ˜‡”„‹ƒ‰‡ǡ‹–•‹’ƒ – ƒ†‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‡š’‘‡–‹ƒŽŽ›–”ƒ• ‡†‹–•Ž‡‰–ŠǤ  ‘–Ž‘‰ƒˆ–‡”–Šƒ–‹†— –‹‘ ‡”‡‘›ǡ•‘‘Ǧ–‘Ǧ„‡’”‡•‹†‡– ƒ ‹„‡”—†‡”–‘‘‹–•†‡Ž‹˜‡”›ƒ–‡ƒ Šƒ—ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰Ǥ‹–Š–Šƒ– –”‹ƒŽǦŽƒ™›‡” ˜‘‹ ‡ ƒ† ‡’Šƒ•‡• „‡‹‰ ’Žƒ ‡† •‘ ‡š’‡”–Ž›ǡ –Š‡ ‹†— –‹‘ Šƒ”‰‡™ƒ•–”—Ž›ƒ‡š–”ƒ‘”†‹ƒ”‹Ž›‘˜‹‰‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡Ǥ  Šƒ• „‡‡ „Ž‡••‡† ™‹–Š ƒ ˜ƒ•– ƒ””ƒ› ‘ˆ –ƒŽ‡–‡† Žƒ™›‡”•ǡ –ƒŽ‡–‡† •’‘—•‡• ‹ ƒ Š—‰‡ ˜ƒ”‹‡–› ‘ˆ ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘•ǡ „—– ‘•– ‹’‘”–ƒ–ǡŒ—•–‰‘‘†’‡‘’Ž‡Ǥ ‘‘‡ ƒ†‹•’—–‡–Šƒ––Š‡’”‘‰”ƒ•’”‡•‡–‡†–‘–Š‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™• ƒ”‡–Š‡‘•–—‹“—‡ǡ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ǡƒ†‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡‘ˆƒ›•‹‹Žƒ”Ž‡‰ƒŽ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ ‹ –Š‡ ™‘”Ž†Ǥ Š‡ †‹˜‡”•‹–› ƒ† ”ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ –‘’‹ • Šƒ˜‡ ‘˜‡”‡†‡˜‡”›ƒ•’‡ –‘–‘Ž›‘ˆ‘—”’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘„—–‘ˆŠ—ƒ‹–›ƒ• ™‡ŽŽǤ ”‘ –Š‡ ƒ††”‡•• ‘ˆ ™‘ƒ ™Š‘ ƒ• ƒ Ž‹––Ž‡ ‰‹”Ž Šƒ† „‡‡

Ͷ͹ Ͷͺ     

‡‰—Žˆ‡†‹ƒ’ƒŽǦ‹†— ‡†ˆŽƒ‡•”—‹‰ƒ‡††‘™ƒ•–”‡‡–‹ ‹‡–ƒǡ ƒ’–—”‡†‹ƒ’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š–Šƒ–Šƒ†‘˜‡†–Š‡™‘”Ž†ǡ–‘–Š‡ ”‡•‹†‡– ‘ˆ ‘•–ƒ ‹ ƒǡ ‘—” Ž‡‰ƒ › Šƒ• „‡‡ ‡”‹ Š‡† „› ‘—” ‡š’‘•—”‡ –‘ –Š‡•‡ ”‡ƒ”ƒ„Ž‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•Ǥ ƒ˜‹‰ •ƒ‹† –Šƒ–ǡ  —•– ‘ˆ‡••–Šƒ–›‡š ‹–‡‡–Ž‡˜‡Ž”‹•‡•‹ƒ–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŽ‹•–‡‹‰–‘ –Š‡‹†— –‹‘ Šƒ”‰‡Ǥ‘‡ǡ–Šƒ–‹•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‰”‡ƒ–‡•–Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–•‘ˆ –Š‡™‡‡™‡ƒ”‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘•’‡†–‘‰‡–Š‡”Ǥ ‡ ›‡ƒ”• ƒˆ–‡” „‡‹‰ ‹†— –‡† ‹–‘ ǡ  ™ƒ• ˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡ ‡‘—‰Š –‘ „‡ ‘‡ ’”‡•‹†‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›–Š‡ •‹‰—Žƒ” Š‹‰Š‡•– ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ Š‘‘” –Šƒ– Šƒ• „‡‡ „‡•–‘™‡† —’‘ ‡Ǥ • ™‡ Ž‘‘ „ƒ ‘˜‡”–Š‡‡š–”ƒ‘”†‹ƒ”›Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’‘ˆ–Š‹•‰”‘—’ǡ™‡–”—Ž›•–ƒ† ‘–Š‡•Š‘—Ž†‡”•‘ˆ‰‹ƒ–•Ǥ•™‡‘˜‡‹–‘–Š‡‡š–ˆ‹ˆ–››‡ƒ”•ǡŽ‡–ǯ• ƒŽŽ”‡ ‘‹––‘–Š‘•‡ˆ‘—†ƒ–‹‘•‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†„›–Š‘•‡‰‹ƒ–•Ǥ     ‘–– EDWARD J. NEVIN

SAN FRANCISCO,CALIFORNIA PRESIDENT 2007   Š‡”‡ƒ”‡ƒ›™ƒ›•–‘ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š–Š‡–ƒ•‘ˆ•Šƒ”‹‰ ’”‡•‹†‡–‹ƒŽ ‡‘”‹‡•Ǥ  Šƒ˜‡ Š‘•‡ –‘ ˆ‘ —• ‘ ƒ •‡Ž‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ ™‘”†•ȋˆ”‘ˆ‹˜‡•’‡‡ Š‡•Ȍǡƒ†‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž––ƒ•™Š‡•‘ƒ›„”‹ŽŽ‹ƒ– ‘‡• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ •’‘‡ –‘ —• ‘˜‡” •‘ ƒ› ›‡ƒ”•Ǥ  –Š‹ ‡ƒ Š “—ƒŽ‹ˆ‹‡•ƒ•Dzˆ‹”‡•‹†‡ Šƒ–ǡdz”‡‹†‹‰—•‘ˆ™Š‘™‡ƒ”‡ƒ†™Š›™‡ Ž‘˜‡–‘‰‡––‘‰‡–Š‡”Ǥ ͳǤ ™ƒ•Š‘‘”‡†ƒ–‘—”ͳͻͻͻ‡‡–‹‰–‘„‡ƒ••‹‰‡†–Š‡–ƒ• ‘ˆ ™ƒ”Ǧ—’ ƒ – ˆ‘” ‹ ”‘•ƒŠƒǯ• Dz ”‹•Š ‡‰ƒŽ ”ƒ†‹–‹‘•ǣ Š‡ –”—‰‰Ž‡ ‘™ƒ”† ”‡‡†‘ ƒ† ƒ™ǡdzͳ †‡Ž‹˜‡”‡† ƒ– ƒ‹Ž—ƒǦ‘ƒ ‘ ƒ” Šʹǡƒ†ƒ–‡–Šƒ–‡–‡”›”‡•ǡ ‘†”‡•–Š‹ǡƒ••—”‡†—•™ƒ•‘”‡ –Šƒ Ž‘•‡‡‘—‰Š–‘–Š‡ ‘Ž›ƒ›‘ˆƒ” Šͳ͹–‘Œ—•–‹ˆ›ƒƒŽŽǦ ”‹•Š ’”‘‰”ƒǤ”‘•ƒŠƒ”‡‹†‡†—•ǡ  Ž–Š‘—‰Š™‡–ƒŽƒ„‘—––Š‡ ”‹•Š–Š‹•‘”‹‰ǡ–Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ƒ› ‘–Š‡” ‰”‘—’• ™Š‘ ƒ‡ –‘ –Š‡ ‹–‡† –ƒ–‡•ǡ ƒ† –Š‡‹” •–‘”‹‡• ƒ”‡ ˆƒ• ‹ƒ–‹‰ǡ –‘‘Ǥ  ‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡ ›‘— –‘ ƒ• –Š‘•‡ ›‘— ‘™ Š‘™ –Š‡‹” ’‡‘’Ž‡ ƒ‡–‘–Š‡‹–‡†–ƒ–‡•Ǥ—––Š‡•–‘”›‘ˆ–Š‡ ”‹•ŠŠ‡”‡‡’‹–‘‹œ‡•–Š‡•–‘”›‘ˆ‡”‹ ƒǤ  ˆ ‘—”•‡ǡ ƒ‘”‡ ”‹•Šƒ–•‘‡–‹‡•–Šƒƒ– ‘–Š‡”•Ǥ‘‡–‹‡• ǯ‘– ”‹•Šƒ–ƒŽŽǤ ˆ‘”‰‡–Ǥ ˆ‘”‰‡– –‘„‡ ”‹•ŠǤ—– ǯƒŽ™ƒ›•‡”‹ ƒǤ†–Šƒ––‘‘ƒ Ž‘–‘ˆ™‘”ǤŠƒ––‘‘‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒˆ–‡”‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ  ǤǤǤǤ   –Š‹ –Šƒ– ™‡ ƒŽŽŠƒ˜‡•— Š•–‘”‹‡• ‹ˆ ™‡ –”ƒ ‡‘—” Š‹•–‘”‹‡• „ƒ  –‘ ‘—” ƒ‰‹ˆ‹ ‡– ƒ ‡•–‘”•Ǥ ‡ ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š‘’‡• ‘ˆ –Š‘•‡ ‰”ƒ†‘–Š‡”•

ͳǤ͵Ͷ     ͵Ͷ͵ȋͳͻͻͻȌǤ

Ͷͻ ͷͲ     

Ž‘‰ ƒ‰‘ ™Š‘ ™ƒ–‡† ‘”‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡‹” †‡• ‡†ƒ–• –Šƒ ™Šƒ– –Š‡› •ƒ™ ƒ”‘—† –Š‡Ǥ ”ƒ†‘–Š‡”•ƒŽŽ ‘˜‡”—”‘’‡ǡ‹•‹ƒǡ™Š‡”‡˜‡”›‘—™ƒ––‘‰‘Ǥ –Š‹ –Š‹•‹•‘—”–‹‡Ǥ‡ƒ”‡‡”‹ ƒŽƒ™›‡”•Ǥ† †‘ǯ– •ƒ› –Šƒ– Œ—•– ˆ‘” –Š‹• –ƒŽǤ  •ƒ› ‹– –‘ ›•‡Žˆ ‘ ƒ ‘†ƒ›‘”‹‰™Š‡ Šƒ˜‡–‘‰‡–‘—–‘ˆ„‡†ƒ† ‰‘–ƒŽ–‘ƒŒ—†‰‡™Š‘‹•†‡‡–‡†Ǥʹ   ʹǤ  ‘‡†–‘›‘—–‘‰‘„ƒ ƒ†”‡ƒ†Dz ‹ˆ–›‡ƒ”•ƒ––Š‡ ”‹ƒŽƒ”dz͵ȋƒ‹Ž—ƒǦ‘ƒǡƒ” ŠʹͲͲʹȌ„›‘—”–”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”Ȁƒ ƒ†‡‹  ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™Ȁ’”‘ˆ‡••‘”‘ˆ–”‹ƒŽ’”ƒ –‹ ‡ˆ”‘ƒ•ƒ•‹–›ǡ‹••‘—”‹ǡ ƒ‡• ‡ƒ•Ǥ ‹–Š ƒ ™‘†‡”ˆ—Ž ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ •–‘”‹‡• ƒ† ’‘‡–”›ǡ Š‡ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡†—•–‘ƒ”‡–‘‡Ž‘“—‡–ǣ   –—” –‘ –Š‡ ‰”‡ƒ– ‘ƒ ‘”ƒ–‘” —‹–‹ŽŽ‹ƒ ˆ‘” › ‘ Ž—†‹‰–Š‘—‰Š–Ǥ—‹–‹ŽŽ‹ƒ™ƒ•ƒ•‡†™Šƒ– ƒ‡•ƒ‰‘‘†‘”ƒ–‘”ǤǤǤǤȏ ‡Ȑ’ƒ—•‡†ƒ†–Š‡•ƒ‹† •‹’Ž›ǡDz‘”ƒ–‘”‹•ƒ‰‘‘†ƒ™Š‘•’‡ƒ•™‡ŽŽǤdzǤǤ Ǥ‡†‘Šƒ˜‡ƒ “—‹”‡†•‹ŽŽ•ǡ‹’‘”–ƒ– ‡”–ƒ‹Ž›ǡ„—– –Š‡›‡‡†–‘„‡—•‡†‹–Š‡•‡”˜‹ ‡‘ˆ‰‘‘†‡••Ǥ† › Š— Š‹• –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‡••‡ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‹• ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ ‹• ‘––‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’–Š‡•‹ŽŽ•ƒ•— Šƒ•–‘•–‹—Žƒ–‡–Š‡ ‰‘‘†‡••ǤŠƒ–‹•™Š›‹–‹••— Šƒ’Ž‡ƒ•—”‡ˆ‘”‡–‘ „‡™‹–Š›‘—ǤͶ   ͵ǤŽ‡ƒ•‡ƒŽ•‘‰‘„ƒ ƒ†”‡ƒ†™Šƒ–‹•’”‘„ƒ„Ž›–Š‡•Š‘”–‡•– ȋ–™‘ ’ƒ‰‡•Ȍ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‘–ƒ ”‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ Ž„‡”– ”‹‡‰‡” –”‹„—–‡ –‘ ‹–‡† –ƒ–‡• ‹•–”‹ – —†‰‡ ƒ””‡ ”„‘ǡ –Š‡ ‡„”ƒ•ƒŒ—†‰‡™Š‘’”‡•‹†‡†ƒ––Š‡‘—†‡†‡‡–”‹ƒŽ•‘ˆͳͻ͹Ͷǣ Dz †‹ƒ•‘•‡ˆ‘”–Š‡ —†‰‡dzǣͷ 

ʹǤId.ƒ–͵Ͷ͵ȂͶ͸Ǥ ͵Ǥ͵͹     ͵ͻͳȋʹͲͲʹȌǤ ͶǤIdǤƒ–ͶͳʹǤ ͷǤ͵ͳ     ͵ͶͲȋͳͻͻ͸ȌȋŠ‡–”‹„—–‡™ƒ•ˆ‹”•– ’—„Ž‹•Š‡†‹–Š‡Omaha World HeraldǡŠ—”•†ƒ›ǡ‘˜Ǥʹǡͳͻͻ͸ǡƒ†™ƒ•”‡’”‹–‡†‹ –Š‡Quarterly™‹–Š‹–•’‡”‹••‹‘ǤȌ     ͷͳ 

 Ž„‡”–”‹‡‰‡”™ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡ƒ††‡ˆ‡•‡ ‘—•‡Ž‹ –Š‡ ‹‘—š ƒŽŽ•ǡ ǤǤǡ ‘—”–”‘‘Ǥ  –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– †ƒ› ‘ˆ –”‹ƒŽǡ ƒ •‡•‹–‹˜‡ ‹••—‡ ƒ”‘•‡–Š‡ †‹ƒ• ƒ––‡†‹‰ ƒ†‡‹–‘™–Šƒ––Š‡›™‘—Ž†‘– •–ƒ†™Š‡–Š‡ Œ—†‰‡ ‡–‡”‡† ƒ† –Š‡ „ƒ‹Ž‹ˆˆ•ƒ‹†ǡ DzŽ‡ƒ•‡ ”‹•‡Ǥdz Š‡ ƒ––‘”‡›•ƒ•‡†–‘‡‡–’”‹˜ƒ–‡Ž›™‹–Š —†‰‡”„‘ ‹Š‹• Šƒ„‡”•Ǥ  ‘ •–ƒ† ˆ‘” ƒ ˆ‡†‡”ƒŽ Œ—†‰‡ǡ –Š‡ Žƒ™›‡”• ‡šǦ ’Žƒ‹‡† ƒ’‘Ž‘‰‡–‹ ƒŽŽ›ǡ –Š‡ †‹ƒ• ˆ‡Ž– ™‘—Ž† „‡ ƒ ƒ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡–‘ˆ–Š‡Šƒ–‡†”‡ƒ–›‘ˆͳͺ͸ͺǤ  Dz —†‰‡ ”„‘ „Ž‹‡† ‘ ‡ ‘” –™‹ ‡ǡdz ”‹‡‰‡” •ƒ‹†ǡDzƒ†–‘Ž†Š‹•„ƒ‹Ž‹ˆˆ–‘†‡Ž‡–‡ȏ–Š‡™‘”†•ȐǮ’Ž‡ƒ•‡ ”‹•‡ǯˆ”‘–Š‡‘’‡‹‰’”‘ Žƒƒ–‹‘ǤǤǤǤ  ‹š ™‡‡• ‹–‘ –Š‡ ˆ‡†‡”ƒŽ –”‹ƒŽǡ ƒ ”‡Žƒ–‡† ƒ•‡ ™ƒ•–‘„‡‰‹‹•–ƒ–‡ ‘—”–‹‹‘—š ƒŽŽ•ǤŠ‡Œ—†‰‡‹ –Šƒ– ƒ•‡™ƒ”‡††‡ˆ‡•‡ƒ––‘”‡›•–Šƒ––Š‡›™‘—Ž† „‡ Š‡Ž† ‹ ‘–‡’– ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” Ž‹‡–• ƒ† •—’’‘”–‡”• †‹†ǯ–”‹•‡Ǥ  Š‡ ƒ› ˆƒ‹Ž‡† –‘ •–ƒ†ǡ ”‹‡‰‡” •ƒ‹†ǡ –Š‡ Œ—†‰‡ ‘”†‡”‡† †‡’—–‹‡• –‘ Dzƒ‡ –Š‡ ”‹•‡Ǥdz Š‡› ”‡ˆ—•‡†Ǥ  Dz ”‹‘– ‡•—‡†ǡdz ”‹‡‰‡” •ƒ‹†Ǥ DzŠ”‡‡ †‹ƒ• ™‡”‡„ƒ†Ž›„”—‹•‡†ƒ†„ƒ––‡”‡†ǡƒ†‘‡Ž‘•–ƒ‡›‡Ǥ Š‡ ‘—”–Š‘—•‡™ƒ•’”‡––›™‡ŽŽ™”‡ ‡†Ǥdz  Š‡ ˆ‡†‡”ƒŽ ƒ•‡ ‹ —†‰‡ ”„‘ǯ• ‘—”– ”‡Ǧ ‘˜‡‡† –™‘ †ƒ›• Žƒ–‡” ™‹–Š –‡•‹‘ ‹ –Š‡ ƒ‹”Ǣ †‹ƒ•ƒ””‹˜‡†™‡ƒ”‹‰”ƒ„„‹–ˆ—”‹–Š‡‹”„”ƒ‹†•ƒ† ’‘” —’‹‡“—‹ŽŽ•‹–Š‡‹”˜‡•–•ǤǤǤǤ  ȏȐŠ‡ Œ—†‰‡ ‡–‡”‡†Ǥ † –Š‡ †‹ƒ• ™Š‘ ’ƒ ‡†–Š‡ ‘—”–”‘‘”‘•‡Ǥ  DzŠ‡›•–‘‘†ƒ•‘‡ǡdz”‹‡‰‡”•ƒ‹†Ǥ‡ƒ– ‘—•‡Ž –ƒ„Ž‡ Ž‘‘‡† ƒ– ‡ƒ Š ‘–Š‡”ǡ ƒ•–‘‹•Š‡† ƒ† •–—‡†Ǥ —†‰‡”„‘”‡ƒŽ‹œ‡†™Šƒ–Šƒ’’‡‡†ǡƒ†”‡–—”‡† –‘–Š‡”‘„‹‰”‘‘Ǥ  DzŠ‡ Š‡ ”‡–—”‡† –Š”‡‡ ‹—–‡• Žƒ–‡”ǡ –Š‡› ”‘•‡ƒ‰ƒ‹ǤŠ‡”‡™‡”‡–‡ƒ”•‹Š‹•‡›‡•ǤǤǤǤ‹–Š‹ƒ ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”‘ˆ‰‡‘ ‹†‡–Šƒ–‘ —””‡†‘˜‡”ʹͲͲ›‡ƒ”• ‘ˆ ‘—” Š‹•–‘”›ǡ –Š‡ ‘•– ‹Ž‹–ƒ– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡”‹ ƒ ͷʹ     

ƒ–‹˜‡• •–‘‘† ˆ‘” ƒ ˆ‡†‡”ƒŽ Œ—†‰‡ ™Š‘ Šƒ† †‡‘Ǧ •–”ƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡ǡ‹–‡‰”‹–›ƒ†Š‘‘”Ǥdz͸  ͶǤ ‘™ †‘‡• ‘‡ ’‹  „—– ‘‡ ‘ˆ •‘ ƒ› ‘Š ‡‡† ‰‡•ǫ ”„‹–”ƒ”‹Ž›ǡ‘ˆ ‘—”•‡ǡ„—––Š‹•‘‡‹‰Š–Œ—•–ˆ‹––Š‡„‹ŽŽǡ „‡ ƒ—•‡ ‹– „‡‰‹• ™‹–Š ‘‡‘ˆ ‘Šǯ• •‹‰ƒ–—”‡ǡ ‰Ž‹–Ǧ‹ǦŠ‹•Ǧ‡›‡• ‹—‡†‘ƒ† ‡†•™‹–Š‘‡‘ˆŠ‹•–›’‹ ƒŽŽ›‰”‡ƒ–•–‘”‹‡•ǣ͹  ˆ–‡” ƒŽŽ –Š‡ •–‹—Žƒ–‹‰ ƒ† ’”‘˜‘ ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ† ”‹ ŠŽ› ˜ƒ”‹‡† ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‡‡ǡ –Š‹• Ž‹––Ž‡ Š‘‹Ž›•‡‡•ƒ„‹–‘ˆƒƒ–‹ Ž‹ƒšǡ‘–—Ž‹‡ ƒ†‡”•ǯ•†‡• ”‹’–‹‘‘ˆ‹ƒ‰ƒ”ƒ ƒŽŽ•ƒ•Dz–Š‡•‡ ‘† ‰”‡ƒ–‡•– †‹•ƒ’’‘‹–‡– ‘ˆ ‡˜‡”› „”‹†‡ǯ• Š‘‡›‘‘Ǥdz ǤǤǤǤ   ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ™‡—•–‘––Š‹–Šƒ–‹–‹•–‘‘Žƒ–‡–‘ „‘ƒ”† –Š‡ –”ƒ‹Ǥ Š‡”‡ ‹• •–‹ŽŽ –‹‡ –‘ ƒˆˆ‡ – –Š‡ ‘—– ‘‡•‘ˆ‘—”’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ǯ•’”‘„Ž‡•Ǥ‘—ƒ† ƒ”‡ ‘– –‘‘ ‘Ž†ǡ ƒ† ‹– ‹• ‘– –‘‘ Žƒ–‡Ǥ  •ƒ› –Š‹• ™‹–Š ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡ –‘ ›•‡Žˆǡ ƒ• Ž‹‡Ž› –Š‡ ‘Ž†‡•– ’‡”•‘‹–Š‡”‘‘Ǥ ‘‡ ›‡ƒ”• ƒ‰‘ǡ ‡™ ‘”ǯ• —•‡— ‘ˆ ‘†‡” ”– ‘—–‡† ƒ ”‡–”‘•’‡ –‹˜‡ ‘ˆ ‹ ƒ••‘ǯ• ™‘”•Ǥ ‡ƒ”Ž› ƒ –Š‘—•ƒ† ‘ˆ Š‹• ™‘”• ™‡”‡ †‹•’Žƒ›‡† ‹ Š”‘‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ‘”†‡” Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ȏȐŠ‡ ‡ƒ”Ž› ™‘”• ™‡”‡ Žƒ†• ƒ’‡• ƒ† •–‹ŽŽ Ž‹ˆ‡•Ǥ Š‡ǡ ƒ• Š‡ ƒ†˜ƒ ‡†‹ƒ‰‡ǡ„”‹ŽŽ‹ƒ– ‘Ž‘”•„‡‰ƒ–‘‡‡”‰‡ǡƒ† –Š‡•–‹ŽŽŽ‹ˆ‡•™‡”‡‘Ž‘‰‡”˜‡”›•–‹ŽŽǤǤǤǤȏȐŠ‡™‘”• –—”‡† ‹–‘ –Š‡ ‹† ‘ˆ „‘Ž†ǡ œ‡•–› ƒ„•–”ƒ –‹‘• ˆ‘” ™Š‹ Š‹ ƒ••‘‹•„‡•–‘™Ǥ  ȏȐŠ‡ ‹ ƒ••‘ ™ƒ• ‡‹‰Š–›Ǧˆ‹˜‡ǡ Š‡ ™ƒ• ƒ•‡† ™Š› Š‹• ‡ƒ”Ž› ™‘”• ™‡”‡ •‘ •‘Ž‡ ƒ† Š‹• Žƒ–‡” ™‘”••‘‡ •–ƒ–‹ ƒ†‡š ‹–‹‰ǤDz ‘™†‘›‘—‡š’Žƒ‹ ‹–ǫdz ƒ•‡† –Š‡ ‹–‡”˜‹‡™‡”Ǥ Dzƒ•‹Ž›ǡdz ‹ ƒ••‘ ”‡Ǧ •’‘†‡†ǤDz ––ƒ‡•ƒŽ‘‰–‹‡–‘„‡ ‘‡›‘—‰Ǥdzͺ 

͸ǤIdǤƒ–͵ͶͲȂͶͳǤ ͹Ǥ͵ͺ     ͵ͺʹȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ ͺǤIdǤƒ–͵ͺʹȂͺͺǤ     ͷ͵ 

ͷǤ Šƒ˜‡•Šƒ”‡†–Š‹•™‹–Š›‘—„‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ„—–  ƒǯ–Š‡Ž’”‡’‡ƒ–‹‰ǣ –ƒˆ‘”†”‘ˆ‡••‘”‘ˆƒ™ ‡”ƒŽ† —–Š‡”•’‘‡–‘—•‹ͳͻͻ͸ǡˆ”‡•Š ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ Š‹• • Š‘Žƒ”Ž› „‹‘‰”ƒ’Š› ‘ˆ —†‰‡ ‡ƒ”‡† ƒ†Ǥ ‡”‡ˆ‡””‡†—•–‘–Š‡‘ƒŽ†™‘”‹”‡˜‹‡™‹–Š‡New York Review of Booksǡ™Š‡”‡™‘”‹ǡƒˆ‘”‡”Žƒ™ Ž‡”–‘ —†‰‡ ƒ†ǡ –‘Ž† –Š‡ •–‘”› ‘ˆ Š‹• ‘™ ˆ‹”•– †ƒ–‡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ™‘ƒ ™Š‘ ™ƒ• –‘ „‡ ‘‡Š‹•™‹ˆ‡Ǥˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡Ž›ǡ†‡ƒ†Ž‹‡•”‡“—‹”‡†–Šƒ–Š‡‹–‡””—’– Š‹•†ƒ–‡–‘†‡Ž‹˜‡”ƒ†”ƒˆ–‡‘”ƒ†—–‘–Š‡Š‘‡‘ˆ —•–‹ ‡ ƒ†Ǥ Š‡›‘—‰Žƒ†›ƒ‰”‡‡†–‘ƒ ‘’ƒ›Ž‡”™‘”‹ǡ‡˜‡–Š‘—‰Š‹– ™ƒ• ‘– ‡šƒ –Ž› ‘•‹•–‡– ™‹–Š Š‡” ˆ‹”•–Ǧ†ƒ–‡ ‡š’‡ –ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ˆ–‡” ™‘”‹ ƒ† ƒ† ‘’Ž‡–‡† –Š‡‹” Ž‡‰ƒŽ †‹• —••‹‘ǡ –Š‡ Œ—†‰‡ ’”‡’ƒ”‡† †”› ƒ”–‹‹• ˆ‘” –Š‡ –Š”‡‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ† ’”‘ ‡‡†‡† –‘ ƒ ™‹†‡Ǧ”ƒ‰‹‰ ‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘ ƒ„‘—– Ž‹ˆ‡ ƒ† Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ƒ† ƒ”– ƒ† ’‘Ž‹–‹ •ƒ†‰‘••‹’Ǥ ‡™ƒ•„”‹ŽŽ‹ƒ–ƒ† Šƒ”‹‰Ž›ƒ––‡–‹˜‡ǡƒ† ™Š‡–Š‡›‘—‰™‘”‹–‘‘Š‡”Š‘‡ǡŠ‡ƒ•‡†‹ˆ•Š‡™‘—Ž†•‡‡ Š‹ ƒ‰ƒ‹Ǥ Š‡ •ƒ‹† •Š‡ ™‘—Ž†ƒ• Ž‘‰ ƒ• Š‡ „”‘—‰Š– —†‰‡ ƒ† ƒŽ‘‰Ǥ ȗȗȗ  ƒ‰”ƒ–‡ˆ—Žˆ‘”›–Š‹”–››‡ƒ”•‘ˆ•‘— Š•Šƒ”‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǡ„‘–Š›‘— ‡ŽŽ‘™•ƒ†›‘—Ž‘˜‡”•‘ˆ ‡ŽŽ‘™•Ǥ‹‡–Š‡Žƒ†› ™‘”‹ǡ › ™‹ˆ‡ǡ ƒŽ‡ǡ ‹• ’Ž‡ƒ•‡† –‘ ‘‡ ‡˜‡”› ›‡ƒ”ǡ •‘ Ž‘‰ ƒ• ‡ƒ Š‘ˆ›‘—ƒ”‡Š‡”‡–‘‰”‡‡–Š‡”ǡŠ—‰Š‡”ǡƒ†‹•’‹”‡Š‡”Ǥ ͷͶ     

          ȗȗȗ  WILLIAM R. GRAY

BOULDER,COLORADO PRESIDENT 2008  Reflections on the 2008–2009 ISOB Presidency   ‡–‡”›”‡•™ƒ•ǡ‹–Š‡™‘”†•‘ˆ‹•–”‹ –‘—”– —†‰‡ ‘Š ‘—‰Š‡‘—”ǡDzƒ™‘”Ž†Ǧ Žƒ••ǡ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ›”‡ ‘‰‹œ‡†dz ‘‡” ‹ƒŽ Ž‹–‹‰ƒ–‘”Ǥ‡–‡”Šƒ†‡ƒ”‡†–Š‡Š‹‰Š‡•–”‡•’‡ –‘ˆŠ‹•’‡‡”•ǡŠ‡Šƒ†ƒ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡‹‡ƒ––Ž‡ǡƒ•Š‹‰–‘ǡ–Šƒ–™ƒ•–Š‡‡˜›‘ˆƒŽŽǡƒ†Š‡™ƒ•ƒ ’”‘—† ‡ŽŽ‘™‘ˆ–Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘ ‹‡–›‘ˆƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ‡–‡”™ƒ•‹ –Š‡Ž‹‡‘ˆ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡” Šƒ‹”•ǡ•‡––‘„‡ ‘‡’”‡•‹†‡–‘ˆ ‹ƒ” Š ʹͲͲͺǡ„—––”ƒ‰‡†›•–”— Ǥ  ‡–‡”Šƒ† ‘—”ƒ‰‡‘—•Ž›„ƒ––Ž‡†—Ž–‹’Ž‡›‡Ž‘ƒǡƒ‹ —”ƒ„Ž‡ ƒ ‡”‘ˆ–Š‡’Žƒ•ƒ ‡ŽŽ•ǡˆ‘”ˆ‘—”›‡ƒ”•Ǥƒ†Ž›ǡ‡–‡”’ƒ••‡†ƒ™ƒ› ‘ —‡ ͳͶǡ ʹͲͲ͹ǡ ƒ– Š‘‡ ‘ ‡” ‡” •Žƒ† ™‹–Š Š‹• ˆƒ‹Ž› ƒ– Š‹• •‹†‡Ǥ —††‡Ž›ǡ –Š‹• ‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰ Ž‡ƒ†‡” ‘ˆ ‘—” ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ ƒ† ‹ ‹’‹‡–Ž‡ƒ†‡”‘ˆ–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›™ƒ•‰‘‡ǡ‹‡‘–Š•„‡ˆ‘”‡Š‡™ƒ• –‘„‡ ‘‡’”‡•‹†‡–‘ˆ Ǥ  „‘—–ƒ‘–ŠŽƒ–‡”ǡ–Š‡•—‡”‘ƒ”†‡‡–‹‰‘ˆ ™ƒ• Š‡Ž†ƒ––Š‡‹ ‘‹  ‘–‡Ž‡ŽǦ‹”‡‹‘•‰‡Ž‡•Ǥ•‘•–‘ˆ›‘—‘™ǡ –Š‡’ƒ•–’”‡•‹†‡–•™Š‘ƒ––‡†–Š‡•—‡”‘ƒ”†‡‡–‹‰‘‹ƒ–‡ ‡™‘ƒ”†‡„‡”•ƒ†‘‹ƒ–‡ƒ‡„‡”‘ˆ–Š‡ —””‡–‘ƒ”† –‘ ‰‘ ‹–‘ –Š‡ ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡” Šƒ‹”• ‘ˆ Ǥ Š‹• ‡‡–‹‰ ƒ††‡† ƒ —’”‡ ‡†‡–‡†–ƒ••‡Ž‡ –‹‰ƒ‘ƒ”†‡„‡”™Š‘™‘—Ž†„‡ ‘‡ ’”‡•‹†‡–‘ˆ ƒ––Š‡ʹͲͲͺƒ—ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰‡‹‰Š–‘–Š•Žƒ–‡”ƒ– –Š‡ ‘—”‡ƒ•‘•‡•‘”–‘ƒ—‹Ǥ  ‹ƒƒ ƒ†  Ž‘˜‡ •‡‡‹‰ ‘—” ƒ””‹•–‡” ˆƒ‹Ž› ƒ– ‡ƒ Š ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ‡‡–‹‰•Ǥ ˆ–‡” –Š‡ ™‡Ž ‘‹‰ ‘ –ƒ‹Ž ’ƒ”–›‡†‡•†ƒ› ‹‰Š–ǡ ™‡ ™‡”‡ǯ–“—‹–‡”‡ƒ†›–‘•–‘’Ǥ‡Šƒ†ƒŽƒ–‡ ‘ –ƒ‹Žǡ–Š‡ǡ‡”‘—–‡–‘ ‘—””‘‘ǡ™‡™ƒŽ‡†„›–Š‡ ‘––ƒ‰‡ƒ”‹Ž›‘”‘‡ƒŽ™ƒ›••–ƒ›‡† ‹Ǥ‡Ž‹‰‡”‡†–Š‡”‡ƒ™Š‹Ž‡ǡ‡Œ‘›‹‰–Š‡„‡ƒ—–‹ˆ—Ž•—‡”‡˜‡‹‰ ƒ†„‡ƒ—–‹ˆ—Ž‰”‘—†•ǡƒ†”‡–‹”‡†”ƒ–Š‡”Žƒ–‡Ǥ

ͷͷ ͷ͸     

 Š‡‡š–‘”‹‰™ƒ•–Š‡‘ƒ”†‡‡–‹‰ǤŠ‡’ƒ•–’”‡•‹†‡–• ƒ––‡† „—– ’”‘’–Ž› ”‡–‹”‡ –‘ †‹• —•• ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡• ƒ† ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡–Š‡‹”‘‹ƒ–‹‘•ǤŠ‡‡‡–‹‰™ƒ•–‘•–ƒ”–ƒ–͹ǣ͵ͲƒǤǤ  • ™‡ ™‡– –‘ „‡†ǡ  ’—ŽŽ‡† –Š‡ „Žƒ ‘—– †”ƒ’‡••‘ ™‡ ‘—Ž† •Ž‡‡’™‡ŽŽǤ ƒŽ™ƒ›•ƒ™ƒ‡‡ƒ”Ž›•‘‡˜‡”Šƒ˜‡–Š‡‡‡†ˆ‘”ƒ™ƒ‡Ǧ —’ ƒŽŽǤŠ—”•†ƒ›‘”‹‰ ƒ™‘‡™‹–Šƒ•–ƒ”–‹’‹– Š„Žƒ ‡••‹– ™ƒ•͹ǣʹͷƒǤǤǡˆ‹˜‡‹—–‡•„‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡‡‡–‹‰™ƒ•–‘„‡‰‹Ǥ –•‡‡• –Šƒ– ‘ŽŽ›™‘‘†•–ƒ”•–›’‹ ƒŽŽ›†‘‘–ƒ”‹•‡‡ƒ”Ž›ǡƒ†–Š‡•‡„Žƒ ‘—– †”ƒ’‡•™‘”’‡”ˆ‡ –Ž›–‘’‡”‹–•Ž‡‡’‹‰˜‡”›Žƒ–‡Ǥ   •Š‘™‡”‡† ƒ† †”‡••‡† ƒ– Ž‹‰Š–‹‰ •’‡‡†ǡ •Šƒ˜‡† ™Š‹Ž‡ ”—‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ ‡‡–‹‰ ƒ† ƒ””‹˜‡† ƒ– ͹ǣ͵ͷ ƒǤǤ ™‹–Š ƒ Š‡ƒ”– ”ƒ–‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ͳͶͲǤŠ‡‡‡–‹‰„‡‰ƒǡ–Š‡’ƒ•–’”‡•‹†‡–•”‡–‹”‡†ǡƒ†—’‘ –Š‡‹””‡–—”–Š‡›ƒ†‡–Š‡‹””‡’‘”–ǡ‹ Ž—†‹‰–Šƒ––Š‡’‡”•‘™Š‘ ™‘—Ž† „‡ ‘‡ ’”‡•‹†‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ ‹‡–› ‘ˆ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ‡‹‰Š–‘–Š•Žƒ–‡”™ƒ•‡Ǥ  ‘–ŠŽƒ–‡”ǡˆ‘”›„‹”–Š†ƒ›‹ƒƒ‰ƒ˜‡‡ƒ‰‹ˆ–‘ˆƒǤŠ‡ ˆ‹”•– •‘‰ ™ƒ• ƒ”‹Ž› ‘”‘‡ •‹‰‹‰ Š‡” „”‡ƒ–ŠŽ‡•• Dz ƒ’’› ‹”–Š†ƒ›ǡ ”Ǥ ”‡•‹†‡–dz –‘ ƒ ’‡”ˆ‡ – ”‡‹†‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ Žƒ–‡ ‡˜‡‹‰–Šƒ–‡ƒ”Ž› ƒ—•‡†‡–‘‹••–Š‡‘•–‹’‘”–ƒ–‡‡–‹‰ ‘ˆ›Ž‹ˆ‡Ǥ  ‡ Šƒ† ƒ –”‹ƒŽ •‡– –‘ „‡‰‹ –Š‡ ™‡‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ʹͲͲͺ  ‘˜‡–‹‘ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ †‡ˆ‡•‡ ‡™  ™ƒ• –‘ „‡ ‹†— –‡† ƒ•  ’”‡•‹†‡–ǤŠ‹• ƒ•‡•Š‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡•‡––Ž‡†ǡ„—––Š‹•™ƒ•ʹͲͲͺǡ‡ƒ”–Š‡ ƒ†‹”‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”Ž†‡ ‘‘‹  ”‹•‹•Ǥ  ™‡‡„‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘™ƒ•–‘„‡‰‹ǡ™‡ ƒ ‡ŽŽ‡†‘—” ”‘‘ƒ†ƒŽŽ–Š‡ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•™‡Šƒ†•‹‰‡†—’ˆ‘”ǡ„—–‘–‘—”ƒ‹”Ž‹‡ ”‡•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ  ƒŽŽ‡† ‘Š‡‡†ƒ†–‘Ž†Š‹™Š›  ‘—Ž†‘– ‘‡ „—––Šƒ– Šƒ†˜‹†‡‘–ƒ’‡†›ƒ ‡’–ƒ ‡•’‡‡ Šƒ†–‘’Ž‡ƒ•‡’Žƒ›‹– ™Š‡ –Š‡ –‹‡ ƒ‡Ǥ ‘Š Œ—•– •ƒ‹†ǡ Dz˜‡”› –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡” –Š‡”‡ ™‹ŽŽ ‘™ –Š‡ ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰ ™‡ŽŽǣ ›‘— Šƒ˜‡ ƒ Ž‹‡– –‘ ”‡’”‡•‡–Ǥdz Š”‡‡ †ƒ›• „‡ˆ‘”‡ –Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘ –Š‡ ƒ•‡ •‡––Ž‡†ǡ ™‡ ƒ†‡ ‹– –‘ ƒ—‹ǡ ƒ† ‹ƒƒǡ ‡•Ž‹‡ ›”‡•ǡ ƒ†  ™‡”‡ ‘ –Š‡ ’‘†‹— –‘‰‡–Š‡” ™Š‡ ™‡ „‡ ƒ‡’”‡•‹†‡–Ǥ      ͷ͹ 

 ‡–‡”ƒ†‡•Ž‹‡›”‡•Šƒ†•‡Ž‡ –‡†–Š‡ ‘—”‡ƒ•‘• ‘–‡Ž‹  ‘––•†ƒŽ‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ʹͲͲͻ ƒ—ƒŽ ‘˜‡–‹‘Ǥ —•– ƒ• –Š‡ ƒ—ƒŽǦ ‡‡–‹‰’‘”–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ʹͲͲͻ ‘˜‡–‹‘™ƒ••–ƒ”–‹‰ǡ‡•Ž‹‡›”‡• Šƒ†‡† ‡ ƒ ‰ƒ˜‡ŽǤ Š‡ ‡š’Žƒ‹‡† –Šƒ– •Š‡ Šƒ† ‰‹˜‡ –Š‹• ‰ƒ˜‡Ž –‘ ‡–‡”›”‡••Š‘”–Ž›„‡ˆ‘”‡Š‹•†‡ƒ–Š–‘ ‘‡‘”ƒ–‡Š‹•—’ ‘‹‰ ’”‡•‹†‡ ›ƒ†–Š‡‰ƒ˜‡Ž™ƒ•‡–”—•–‡†–‘ƒŽŽ ’”‡•‹†‡–• –‘ ‘‡ǡ‰‹˜‡‹‡–‡”̵•‡‘”›Ǥ  ‘ ‘’‡ –Š‡ ‡‡–‹‰  ”ƒ’’‡† –Š‡ ‰ƒ˜‡Ž –Š”‡‡ –‹‡•ǡ –Š‡ ‡š’Žƒ‹‡† ‹–• Š‹•–‘”›Ǥ – ™ƒ• ƒ‘–Š‡” ™ƒ› –‘ Š‘‘” ‡–‡” ›”‡•ǯ ‡‘”›Ǥ‡™‡”‡•–ƒ†‹‰™Š‡”‡‡–‡”•Š‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡„‡‡•–ƒ†‹‰ǡ ƒ– –Š‡ •‹–‡ Š‡ ƒ† ‡•Ž‹‡ Šƒ† ’‹ ‡†Ǥ ‘‘”‹‰ Š‹• ‡‘”› ƒ– –Šƒ– •’‡ ‹ƒŽ–‹‡™ƒ••–”‘‰™‹–Š‹—•ǡƒ•‹–‹•‘™ǤŠ‡‘‡Ž‘‘•ƒ––Š‡ Ž‹•–‘ˆ’ƒ•–’”‡•‹†‡–•ǡ‡–‡”›”‡•ǯƒ‡†‘‡•‘–ƒ’’‡ƒ”ǡ†—‡ –‘ Š‹• —–‹‡Ž› †‡ƒ–ŠǤ ‘’‡ˆ—ŽŽ›ǡ –Š‹• •—„‹••‹‘ ™‹ŽŽ ƒ••‹•– ‹ ’”‡•‡”˜‹‰Š‹•‹’‘”–ƒ–’Žƒ ‡‹–Š‡Š‹•–‘”›‘ˆ Ǥ  –™ƒ•‘—”‰”‡ƒ–‰‘‘†ˆ‘”–—‡–Šƒ––Š‡’ƒ•–’”‡•‹†‡–•Šƒ†ƒŽ•‘ ‘‹ƒ–‡† ”ƒŠƒ ‹ŽŽ–‘‰‘‹–‘–Š‡‘ˆˆ‹ ‡” Šƒ‹”•ǡ•‘ ”ƒŠƒƒ† Š‹•™‘†‡”ˆ—Ž™‹ˆ‡ǡ‹†›ǡ™‡”‡’”‘‰”ƒ Šƒ‹”ƒ––Š‡ʹͲͲͻ ‘––•†ƒŽ‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘Ǥ ˆ–‡ ›‘— ™‹ŽŽ Š‡ƒ” ƒ””‹•–‡”• ”‡ˆ‡” –‘ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡” ˆƒ‹Ž›ǡƒ†‹– ‘—Ž†‘–„‡‘”‡–”—‡Ǥ‹ƒƒƒ†  ‘•‹†‡”•‘ƒ› ƒ””‹•–‡”•–‘„‡˜‡”›†‡ƒ”ˆ”‹‡†•ǡƒ• Ž‘•‡ƒ•ƒ›ˆƒ‹Ž›Ǥ‡”˜‹‰ ™‹–Š ”ƒŠƒƒ†‹†›ƒ––Š‡ ‘––•†ƒŽ‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘‹ʹͲͲͻƒ†‡ ‘—”„‘†‡˜‡•–”‘‰‡”Ǥ  •’”‘‰”ƒ Šƒ‹”ǡ ”ƒŠƒƒ†‹†›†‹†ƒƒ‰‹ˆ‹ ‡–Œ‘„Ǥ‡ Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š– ˆ‘” ‡ ™ƒ• –Šƒ– ”ƒŠƒ ƒ•‡† ‡ –‘ ‹–”‘†— ‡ –Š‡ ‹ ‘’ƒ”ƒ„Ž‡ ‘Š ‡‡† ƒ• ƒ •’‡ƒ‡”Ǥ ‘Š ™ƒ• ›‡– ƒ‘–Š‡” ‘‡ –‹‘„‡–™‡‡‡–‡”›”‡•ƒ†‡Ǥ‡–‡”Šƒ†„‡‡ƒ•–—†‡– ƒ––Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‹ Š‹‰ƒ Š‘‘Ž‘ˆƒ™™Š‡ ‘Š‡‡†–ƒ—‰Š– –Š‡”‡ǡ ƒ†  ™ƒ• ƒ •–—†‡– ƒ– –Š‡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘  Š‘‘Ž‘ˆ ƒ™–™‘›‡ƒ”•Žƒ–‡”ǡ™Š‡ ‘Š‡‡†„‡ ƒ‡‹–•‡ƒǤƒ–Š‡”–Šƒ •–ƒ”–‹–”‘†— ‹‰ ‘Šǡ –‘‘ƒ‡š–”ƒ‘‡–ƒ†ˆ‹”•–‹–”‘†— ‡† ‘–‡‡†ǡ ‘Š‡‡†ǯ•„‡Ž‘˜‡†•’‘—•‡Ǥ‹‡ ‘Šǡ‘–™ƒ•ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”‘ˆ –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘ ‹‡–›‘ˆƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ  ͷͺ     

 –™ƒ•›’Ž‡ƒ•—”‡–‘–‡ŽŽ–Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘ƒ––‡†‡‡•–Šƒ–™Š‡ ‘Š „‡ ƒ‡ ‡ƒ ƒ– –Š‡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘  Š‘‘Ž ‘ˆ ƒ™ Š‡ ƒ†‡‹– Ž‡ƒ”Š‡†‹†‘–ˆƒ˜‘”•–—†‡–•™‘”‹‰‘—–•‹†‡Œ‘„•™Š‹Ž‡ ƒ––‡†‹‰Žƒ™• Š‘‘ŽǤ ‘Šˆ‡Ž––Šƒ–’”‘’‡”†‡†‹ ƒ–‹‘–‘‡š ‡ŽŽ‡ ‡ ™ƒ• –‘‘ †‡ƒ†‹‰ –‘ ƒ ‘‘†ƒ–‡ ‘—–•‹†‡ ™‘”Ǥ  Šƒ† –‘ ™‘” ‘—–•‹†‡ Œ‘„• –‘ „‡ ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ‰‘ –‘ Žƒ™ • Š‘‘Žǡ •‘  ‘—Ž† ‘– ‘’Ž›Ǥ ‘Š”‡ ‘‰‹œ‡†–Š‹•ǡƒ†‹•–‡ƒ†‘ˆƒ‹‰›Ž‹ˆ‡†‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž–ǡŠ‡ƒ† ‘–Š‹”‡†‡–‘„ƒ”–‡†–Š‡‹”ˆ”‡“—‡–’ƒ”–‹‡•ˆ‘”ˆƒ —Ž–›‘”˜‹•‹–‹‰ †‹‰‹–ƒ”‹‡•Ǥ  ™ƒ• ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ •Šƒ”‡ ƒˆ‡™ ‹•‹‰Š–•‘ˆ ‘Š ƒ† ‘–ƒ† –Š‡‹” ™‘†‡”ˆ—Ž „Ž‡†‡† ˆƒ‹Ž› ‹ —‰—ƒ”†‡†ǡ Ž‘˜‹‰ ‘‡–• „‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡ ”‘™†ƒ””‹˜‡†‡‘”‹‡•–Šƒ–”‡ƒ‹•–”‘‰ˆ‘”‡‡˜‡ –‘†ƒ›Ǥ  ‘•– ‘ˆ —• Šƒ˜‡ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ Š‘‘”•ǡ •‘‡ ’‡”Šƒ’• „‡›‘†‘—”†”‡ƒ•Ǥ‡‹‰ƒ’”‡•‹†‡–‘ˆ–Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘ ‹‡–›‘ˆ ƒ””‹•–‡”•‹••— ŠƒŠ‘‘”ˆ‘”‡Ǥ   ƒ •ƒ› ˆ”‘ –Š‡ Š‡ƒ”– –Šƒ– ƒ›ǡ ƒ›  ‡ŽŽ‘™• ƒ† –Š‡‹”•’‘—•‡•‘”•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‘–Š‡”•ƒ”‡‘—”˜‡”›†‡ƒ”ˆ”‹‡†•™‡Œ—•– Šƒ˜‡•‘— Š‹ ‘‘Ǥ ˆ›‘—ƒ”‡ ǡ›‘—ƒ”‡’ƒ”–‘ˆ‘—” ‡š–‡†‡†ˆƒ‹Ž›Ǥ         ‹ŽŽ ”ƒ›  WILLIAM F. MARTSON JR.

PORTLAND,OREGON PRESIDENT 2009

Preserve the Magic  ƒŽ ‘Ž Žƒ†™‡ŽŽ „‡‰‹• Blinkǡ Š‹• „‘‘ ‘ •ƒ’ Œ—†‰‡–• ƒ† ”ƒ’‹† ‘‰‹–‹‘ǡ ™‹–Š –Š‡•–‘”› ‘ˆ Š‘™ –Š‡ ‡––› —•‡— ’ƒ‹† ̈́ͳͲ‹ŽŽ‹‘ˆ‘”ƒ•–ƒ–—‡•ƒ‹†–‘„‡ƒ•‹š–Š ‡–—”›kourosǡ„ƒ•‡†‘ –Š‡‡šŠƒ—•–‹˜‡–‡•–•‘ˆ• ‹‡–‹•–•ƒ†ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆŽƒ™›‡”•ǡ‘Ž›–‘„‡ –‘Ž†„›–Š”‡‡‡š’‡”–•ƒ–ˆ‹”•–‰Žƒ ‡–Šƒ–‹–™ƒ•ƒˆ‘”‰‡”›ǤŠ‡–Š”‡‡ ‡š’‡”–•™‡”‡ ‘””‡ –Ǥ•–‘–Š‡‹ ‹†‡– Žƒ†™‡ŽŽ ‘ Ž—†‡•ǡ  —” ™‘”Ž† ”‡“—‹”‡• –Šƒ– †‡ ‹•‹‘• „‡ •‘—” ‡† ƒ† ˆ‘‘–‘–‡†ǡƒ†‹ˆ™‡•ƒ›how™‡ˆ‡‡Žǡ™‡—•–ƒŽ•‘„‡ ’”‡’ƒ”‡†–‘‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‡‘why™‡ˆ‡‡Ž–Šƒ–™ƒ›ǤŠ‹• ‹•™Š›‹–™ƒ••‘Šƒ”†ˆ‘”–Š‡ ‡––›ǤǤǤ–‘ƒ ‡’––Š‡ ‘’‹‹‘‘ˆǤǤǤȏ–Š‡‡š’‡”–•ȐǢ‹–™ƒ•ƒŽ‘–‡ƒ•‹‡”–‘Ž‹•–‡ –‘ –Š‡ • ‹‡–‹•–• ƒ† –Š‡ Žƒ™›‡”•ǡ „‡ ƒ—•‡ –Š‡ • ‹‡–‹•–• ƒ† –Š‡ Žƒ™›‡”• ‘—Ž† ’”‘˜‹†‡ ’ƒ‰‡• ƒ† ’ƒ‰‡•‘ˆ†‘ —‡–ƒ–‹‘•—’’‘”–‹‰–Š‡‹” ‘ Ž—•‹‘•Ǥ  –Š‹ –Šƒ– ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š ‹• ƒ ‹•–ƒ‡ǡ ƒ† ‹ˆ ™‡ ƒ”‡ –‘ Ž‡ƒ” –‘ ‹’”‘˜‡ –Š‡ “—ƒŽ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‡ ‹•‹‘• ™‡ ƒ‡ǡ™‡‡‡†–‘ƒ ‡’––Š‡›•–‡”‹‘—•ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ‘—” •ƒ’Œ—†‰‡–•Ǥ‡‡‡†–‘”‡•’‡ ––Š‡ˆƒ ––Šƒ–‹–‹• ’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘‘™™‹–Š‘—–‘™‹‰™Š›™‡‘™ƒ† ƒ ‡’––Šƒ–•‘‡–‹‡•™‡ǯ”‡„‡––‡”‘ˆˆ–Šƒ–™ƒ›Ǥͳ   Š‡–Š‡” ›‘— ƒŽŽ ‹– ”ƒ’‹† ‘‰‹–‹‘ǡ •ƒ’ Œ—†‰‡–•ǡ ‘” Dz‰—– ‹•–‹ –ǡdz‡˜‡”›ˆ‹”•–Ǧ Žƒ••–”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”Šƒ•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†–Šƒ–•‹ŽŽ –‘ ƒ ˆ‹‡ƒ”–Ǥ ƒ›‹•–ƒ ‡•ǡ‹–‹•–Š‡ƒ —”ƒ ›ƒ†•’‡‡†™‹–Š™Š‹ Šƒ Žƒ™›‡” ƒ•‹œ‡—’ƒ™‹–‡••‘”‘’’‘•‹‰ ‘—•‡Žǡ™Š‹ Š‡ƒ•–Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡„‡–™‡‡™‹‹‰ƒ†Ž‘•‹‰ǤŠƒ–•‹ŽŽ„‡ ‘‡•˜‹”–—ƒŽŽ›

ͳǤ ǡ ǡ          ͷʹȋʹͲͲͷȌǤ

ͷͻ ͸Ͳ     

ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹  ƒ† ‹•–ƒ–ƒ‡‘—•Ž› †‡’Ž‘›‡†Ǥ ‘ ™Š‡ –Šƒ– •ƒ‡ ˆ‹”•–Ǧ Žƒ•• –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡” ‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ› ‡‡–• ‘–Š‡” Žƒ™›‡”•ǡ ™‹–Š‘—– ‘• ‹‘—• ‡ˆˆ‘”–‘”–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡‘”•Š‡‘™•‹‡†‹ƒ–‡Ž›™Š‡–Š‡”–Š‡›ƒ”‡–Š‡ Dz”‡ƒŽ †‡ƒŽǡdz ™Š‡–Š‡” –Š‡›ǡ –‘‘ǡ ƒ”‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ™Š‘ Šƒ˜‡ –”‹‡† ƒ Ž‘–‘ˆ ƒ•‡•ƒ†Šƒ˜‡•— ‡••ˆ—ŽŽ›–”‹‡†–Š‡–‘—‰Š‘‡•ǡ‘”™Š‡–Š‡”–Š‡›ƒ”‡ ‘’‡–‡–ǡ„—–‘–‡š–”ƒ‘”†‹ƒ”›–”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”•ǡ‘”‡˜‡ǡ•‘‡–‹‡•ǡ ƒ •’‡ ‹‡• ‘ˆ ˆ‹Ž‡ ’”‘ ‡••‘”•Ǥ Šƒ– ‹•ǡ ‹ › ˜‹‡™ǡ ƒ– ‘ ‡ –Š‡ ‡› ”‡ƒ•‘ˆ‘”–Š‡•— ‡••‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ƒ†–Š‡’”‹ ‹’ƒŽ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡–‘ ƒ‹–ƒ‹‹‰‹–ƒ•–Š‡”‡ƒ”ƒ„Ž›•’‡ ‹ƒŽ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘–Šƒ–‹–‹•Ǥ  ‡ǡ Ž‹‡ –Š‡ ‡––›ǡ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡ ’”‘ ‡•• ™‡ ‡’Ž‘› –‘ •‡Ž‡ – ‡™ ‡„‡”•Ǥ › ‡ŽŽ‘™ ƒ› ‘‹ƒ–‡ ƒ ’‡”•‘Ǥ Š‡ ‘‹ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” ”‡“—‹”‡• ƒ •—„•–ƒ–‹ƒŽ ƒ‘—– ‘ˆ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ ‡”‹‰–Š‡‘‹‡‡ǡ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž›Š‹•‘”Š‡”ƒ ‘’Ž‹•Š‡–•‹ –”‹ƒŽ•Ǥ Š‡ ‘’‹‹‘• ‘ˆ Œ—†‰‡• „‡ˆ‘”‡ ™Š‘ –Š‡ ‘‹‡‡ Šƒ• ƒ’’‡ƒ”‡†ƒ”‡•‘Ž‹ ‹–‡†Ǥ†ǡ‘•–‹’‘”–ƒ–Ž›ǡƒŽŽ ‡ŽŽ‘™•ˆ”‘–Š‡ •–ƒ–‡ ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ ‘‹‡‡ ’”‹ƒ”‹Ž› ’”ƒ –‹ ‡• ƒ”‡ ’‘ŽŽ‡† ”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ –Š‡‹”˜‹‡™•ǤŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‹•‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‹• ‘’‹Ž‡†ƒ†’”‡•‡–‡†–‘–Š‡ ‘ƒ”† ‘ˆ ‘˜‡”‘”• ˆ‘” –Š‡‹” ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† †‡ ‹•‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ˜‹‡™‡†ˆ”‘ƒˆƒ”ǡ‘—”’”‘ ‡••‹•‘–ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽŽ›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ˆ”‘–Š‘•‡ ‡’Ž‘›‡† „› ‘–Š‡” –”‹ƒŽǦŽƒ™›‡” ‰”‘—’•Ǥ —– ™‹–Š —•ǡ –Š‡ ˜‹‡™• ‘ˆ ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ‘•– ”‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘’‘‡–•ǡ ƒ† –Š‘•‡ ƒ”‡ „ƒ•‡†‘ˆ‹”•–Šƒ†‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡Ǥ  • ™‹–Š –Š‘•‡ ‘–Š‡” –”‹ƒŽǦŽƒ™›‡” ‰”‘—’•ǡ –Š‡ ”‡†— –‹‘ ‹ –Š‡ —„‡”‘ˆ–”‹ƒŽ•ƒ†–Š‡‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†—•‡‘ˆƒ”„‹–”ƒ–‹‘ǡ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž›‹ ‘‡ –‹‘ ™‹–Š „—•‹‡•• †‹•’—–‡•ǡ Šƒ• ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡† ’”‡••—”‡• –‘ Šƒ‰‡ ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ ”‡ŽƒšȌ –Š‡ ”‹–‡”‹ƒ ˆ‘” ‡„‡”•Š‹’Ǥ  ‰‡‡”ƒŽǡ –Š‡ ƒ”‰—‡–ˆ‘””‡†— ‹‰–Š‡—„‡”‘ˆ–”‹ƒŽ•”‡“—‹”‡†ˆ‘”‡„‡”•Š‹’ ƒ†ˆ‘” ‘—–‹‰’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘‹‘–Š‡”ˆ‘”•‘ˆ†‹•’—–‡”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ• –Š‡‡“—‹˜ƒŽ‡–‘ˆ–”‹ƒŽ•‹•–Šƒ–‹ˆ–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘†‘‡•‘–†‘•‘ǡ‹– ™‹ŽŽ‘–„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ˆ‹†‡‘—‰Š ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡•™‹–Š™Š‹ Š–‘ˆ‹ŽŽ‹–•”ƒ•Ǥ —” ‘ƒ”† ‘•– ”‡ ‡–Ž› ƒ††”‡••‡† –Š‡•‡ “—‡•–‹‘• ƒ– –Š‡ ʹͲͳͲ —ƒŽ ‡‡–‹‰Ǥ Š‡ ”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘ ƒ†‘’–‡† ƒ– –Š‡ ‡‡–‹‰ ™ƒ• ƒ• ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣ      ͸ͳ 

A. The International Society of Barristers has been and should continue to be an organization comprised of elite trial lawyers. There are other organizations which recognize and celebrate excellence in many aspects of the practice of law. Fine people who have outstanding practices and who are well regarded as leaders in the organized Bar may be members of those other organizations. But to be considered for Fellow- ship in the Barristers, the person must be a trial lawyera person "outstanding in the field of advocacy."

B. Defining the attributes that qualify a nominee as "outstanding in the field of advocacy" is a knotty problem. It is not possible to articulate a clear, bright- line definition. Every election decision will depend on context. Nevertheless, we assert the following propo- sitions:  (1) We believe there are many people trying cases. (2) We should select people who, in the present, are actively trying cases. In reaching a decision as to a nominee's suitability for Fellowship, we will scrutinize the entire body of work of the nominee, with emphasis on the most recent years of practice. Clearly, we want lawyers who regularly advocate the rights of their clients in a courtroom setting where the skills of advocacy are practiced and demonstrated. (3) We need to work harder to identify younger lawyers, in their 40s and 50s. (4) With regard to advocacy experience, jury trials are the preferred credential. Bench trials carry less weight than jury trials. Arbitrations of significant duration and involving complex matters in the adversary system are acceptable, but only if the nominee has also had experience as a jury trial lawyer. (5) Mediations or other results from settlements are irrelevant.   ‘‘‡•‡”‹‘—•Ž›†‘—„–•–Šƒ––Š‡”‡ƒ”‡ˆ‡™‡” ‹˜‹Ž–”‹ƒŽ•–‘†ƒ› –Šƒ–Š‡”‡™‡”‡–™‡–›‘”‡˜‡–‡›‡ƒ”•ƒ‰‘ǤŠ‡•–ƒ–‹•–‹ •ƒ†‘—” ͸ʹ     

‘™ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ‹” ‹–Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ Dzˆ‡™‡”dz †‘‡• ‘– ‡ƒ Dz‘‡Ǥdz —” ‡š‹•–‹‰ ‡„‡”• ƒ”‡ •–‹ŽŽ ƒ –‹˜‡Ž› –”›‹‰ ƒ•‡•Ǥ Š‡ –Šƒ– ‘ Ž‘‰‡” ‹• –”—‡ǡ –Š‡› „‡ ‘‡ ‡”‹–—• ‡ŽŽ‘™•Ǥ —– ‘•– ‹’‘”–ƒ–Ž›ǡ ‹– ‹• –”—‡ ‘ˆ ‘—” ‡™ ‡„‡”•Ǥ ‘ ƒ ˜‡”› Žƒ”‰‡ ‡š–‡–ǡ‘—”‡„‡”•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡‘‹ƒ–‹‰‘Ž›Žƒ™›‡”•™Š‘ƒ”‡‹ –Š‡‡Ž‹–‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”›ƒ†™Š‘ƒ”‡‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰‹–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›ǡ ”‹–‡”‹ƒ™Š‹ Šƒ”‡„‡•–ƒ’’Ž‹‡†ˆ”‘’‡”•‘ƒŽ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡Ǥ  Š‡˜ƒŽ‹†ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘—”’”‘ ‡•• ‘‡•ƒ–‡˜‡”›ƒ—ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰ ‘”ƒ›–‹‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™•‡ ‘—–‡”‘‡ƒ‘–Š‡”‹ ‘—”–‘”‹•‘‡‘–Š‡” ‘–‡š–Ǥ —•– ƒ• Žƒ†™‡ŽŽ †‡• ”‹„‡• ‹–ǡ ƒ Dz‡Ž‹–‡dz –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”‘™• ‹‡†‹ƒ–‡Ž› ™Š‡–Š‡” –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ‹• ƒ• ™‡ŽŽǤ Š‡ ‹•–ƒ–ƒ‡‘—• ”‡ ‘‰‹–‹‘‘ˆƒˆ‡ŽŽ‘™–”ƒ˜‡Ž‡”ƒ†–Š‡”‡ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘–Šƒ––Š‡‰”‘—’‹• ‘’”‹•‡† ‡–‹”‡Ž› ‘ˆ •— Š ’‡‘’Ž‡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽŽ› ’”‘†— ‡• ƒ ’”‡––› ”‡ƒ”ƒ„Ž‡”‡•—Ž–ƒˆ‡‡Ž‹‰–Šƒ–‘‡‹•ƒ‘‰‘‡ǯ•’‡‡”•ǡ–Šƒ–‹–‹• ƒ‰”‘—’™Š‡”‡–Š‡’‡”•‘•‹’Ž›Dzˆ‹–•ǤdzŠƒ––›’‡‘ˆ‹•–ƒ–ƒ‡‘—• ”‡ ‘‰‹–‹‘ ƒ† ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰ ™ƒ• ”‡ ‡–Ž› †‹• —••‡† „› –Š‡ –ƒˆ‘”† ˆ‘‘–„ƒŽŽ ‘ƒ Š ‹ †‡• ”‹„‹‰ ™Š› Š‡ „”‹†Ž‡• ƒ– –Š‡ •—‰‰‡•–‹‘ –Šƒ– Dzƒ‹–ƒ‹‹‰dz ƒ •— ‡••ˆ—Ž ˆ‘‘–„ƒŽŽ ’”‘‰”ƒ ƒ– –ƒˆ‘”† ƒ‘– „‡ †‘‡ǣ  Dz –‹’Ž‹‡•–Šƒ–‹–ǯ•Œ—•––‘‘Šƒ”†ǡ–Šƒ–›‘— ƒǯ–‡‡’ ˆ‹†‹‰ ‰‘‘† ’Žƒ›‡”• ™Š‘ ‰‡– ‰‘‘† ‰”ƒ†‡•Ǥ —– –Š‡›̵”‡ ‘—– –Š‡”‡Ǥ † ‘•– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ”‡ „‡‹‰ ‰”‘‘‡†ˆ‘”ƒ’Žƒ ‡Ž‹‡–Š‹•ǤŠ‡›Œ—•–Šƒ˜‡ǯ–•‡‡‹– ›‡–Ǥdz   ‡–Š‡›˜‹•‹––Š‡ ƒ”ȋƒ•–ƒˆ‘”†ǯ• ƒ’—•‹• ‘™ȌǢ‘ ‡–Š‡›•–”‘ŽŽ—†‡”‹–•’ƒŽ–”‡‡•ƒ†ˆ‡‡Ž –Š‡‹••‘ˆ–Š‡•—Ǣ‘ ‡–Š‡›”‡ƒŽ‹œ‡–Š‡›ƒ”‡ƒ‘‰ –Š‡‹” ’‡‡”•‰‹ˆ–‡† ›‘—‰ ƒ†—Ž–• ™‹–Š •—’‡”Žƒ–‹˜‡ –”ƒ• ”‹’–•ƒ†‹ŽŽ‡”–‡•–• ‘”‡•ƒ‡’‹’Šƒ›‘ˆ–‡ –ƒ‡•’Žƒ ‡ǡ•ƒ›•ȏ–Š‡ ‘ƒ ŠȐǣDzŠ‡›”‡ƒŽ‹œ‡ǡ™‘™ǡ–Š‹• ‹•™Š‡”‡ ˆ‹–Ǥdzʹ   –‹•–Š‹•ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘‹•–ƒ–Ž›”‡ ‘‰‹œ‡ƒˆ‡ŽŽ‘™–”ƒ˜‡Ž‡”–Šƒ–ƒŽ•‘ ƒŽŽ‘™• —• ȋͳȌ –‘ ‘–‹—‡ –‘ ‡„”ƒ ‡ –Š‡ ”—Ž‡ ȋ‘˜‡–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡

ʹǤ—•–‹—”’Š›ǡWaiting for the Hateǡ ǡ‘˜ǤͶǡʹͲͳ͵ǡƒ–ͶͻǤ     ͸͵ 

‘˜‡–‹‘Ȍ–Šƒ–•‡ŽˆǦ’”‘‘–‹‘‹ƒ›ˆ‘”‹•ˆ‘”„‹††‡ǡƒ†ȋʹȌ–‘ ”‡ƒ–‡ ƒ ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‡ ™Š‡”‡ –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”• ƒ •ƒˆ‡Ž› ”‡Žƒš ƒ† ”‡ ‘˜‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡ •–”‡••‡• ƒ† •–”ƒ‹• –Šƒ– ‘‡ ˆ”‘ Ž‹ˆ‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‘—”–”‘‘Ǥ‡ ƒ—•‡›‘—‘™›‘—ƒ”‡™‹–Š›‘—”’‡‡”•ǡ–Š‡”‡‹•‘ ‡‡† –‘ ‡š’Žƒ‹ –Š‡ •–”‡••‡• ‹ ›‘—” Ž‹ˆ‡ǡ ‘” –‘ ’”‘˜‡ ›‘—”•‡Žˆ –‘ ƒ›‘‡Ǥ •–‡ƒ†ǡƒ••‹•–‡†„›ƒ‡˜‡”Ǧ Šƒ‰‹‰‹š‘ˆ•’‡ƒ‡”•™Š‘ –Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•Šƒ˜‡‡š ‡ŽŽ‡†‹ƒ™‹†‡˜ƒ”‹‡–›‘ˆ ƒ”‡‡”•ǡ›‘— ƒˆ‘ —• ‘‘–Š‡”–Š‹‰•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡‹’‘”–ƒ–ƒ†–Šƒ–Š‡Ž’ƒ‡›‘—”Ž‹ˆ‡”‹ Š ƒ†”‡™ƒ”†‹‰Ǥ‘— ƒ•ƒˆ‡Ž›’—–ƒ•‹†‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‡ƒŽŽ–Šƒ–‰‘‡•™‹–Šƒ ”‹‰‘”‘—•ƒ†ƒ –‹˜‡–”‹ƒŽ’”ƒ –‹ ‡Ǥ  ›˜‹‡™ǡ™‡•Š‘—Ž† ‘–‹—‡–‘‡„”ƒ ‡–Š‡‹†‡ƒ –Šƒ––Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ ‹‡–› ‘ˆ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ‹• ‘– ƒ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” ‡˜‡”›‘‡Ǥ –‹•‘–ˆ‘”–Š‘•‡™Š‘—•‡†–‘–”› ƒ•‡•ƒ†–”›–Š‡™‡ŽŽǡ „—–ƒ”‡‘–ƒ –‹˜‡Ž›†‘‹‰•‘ƒ––Š‡–‹‡–Š‡›ƒ”‡„‡‹‰ ‘•‹†‡”‡† ˆ‘” ‘‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ • ‘‡ ‘ˆ ‘—” ˆ‘—†‡”• ‘ ‡ •ƒ‹†ǡ ™‡ †‘ ‘– ’‹ ‡†ƒŽ• ‘ ”‡–‹”‡† ‰‡‡”ƒŽ•Ǥ ‘” ‹• ‡„‡”•Š‹’ ˆ‘” •‘‡‘‡ ™Š‘ ƒ›–”›ƒŽ‘–‘ˆ ƒ•‡•ǡ„—–™Š‘•‡ƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›•‹ŽŽ•ƒ”‡‘–‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ‹–‹•‘–ˆ‘”–Š‡Dz‡Ž‹–‡dz–”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”™Š‘‹•–Š‡ˆ‹”•––‘–‡ŽŽ›‘— Š‡‘”•Š‡‹•‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰‹–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›ƒ†–Š‡”‡‹† ›‘—‘ˆ‹––‡‹—–‡•Žƒ–‡”ǡŒ—•–‹ ƒ•‡›‘—ˆ‘”‰‘–Ǥ‘‡”‡ƒŽŽ›‰‘‘† –”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”•Œ—•–Šƒ˜‡ƒ ‘•–ƒ–‡‡†–‘’”‘‘–‡–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ǤŠ‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ‹• ƒ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” ‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰ǡ ƒ –‹˜‡ǡ –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”• ™Š‘ƒ”‡ ‘ˆ‘”–ƒ„Ž‡‹–Š‡‹”‘™•‹Ǥ  Šƒ– ™‡ —•– ”‡‡„‡” ‹• –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ˆ‘” ™Š‘ –Š‹• ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘™ƒ•‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ› ”‡ƒ–‡†ƒ†ˆ‘•–‡”‡†‘˜‡”–‹‡™‹ŽŽ‘™ ‹•–ƒ–Ž›ǡƒ†ǡ‹–Š‡™‘”†•‘ˆƒŽ ‘Ž Žƒ†™‡ŽŽǡDz™‹–Š‘—–‘™‹‰ ™Š› ȏ–Š‡›Ȑ ‘™dz ™Š‡–Š‡” ‡™ ‘” ‡š‹•–‹‰ ‡ŽŽ‘™• ƒ”‡ Dz‡Ž‹–‡ –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”•Ǥdz‘–Š‡‡š–‡––Šƒ–™‡ ‘–‹—‡–‘”‡ˆ”‡•Š‘—””ƒ•™‹–Š ‘Ž› –Š‘•‡ Žƒ™›‡”• ™Š‘ ƒ”‡ Dz‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰ ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‹‡Ž† ‘ˆ ƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›ǡdz ™‡ ™‹ŽŽ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ‹–ƒ‹‡† ƒ† —”–—”‡† ƒ –”—Ž› ”‡ƒ”ƒ„Ž‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‡”‡ ™‡ –‘ Dz”‡Žƒšdz ‘—” •–ƒ†ƒ”†•ǡ ™‡ ™‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ –ƒ‡ –Š‡ ”‡ƒŽ ƒ‰‹  ‘—– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰”‘—’Ǥ † ‹ˆ ™‡ ™‡”‡ –‘ †‘ •‘ǡ‹– ™‘—Ž†„‡ƒ‘’‡“—‡•–‹‘™Š‡–Š‡”–Š‘•‡™Š‘ƒ”‡Dz‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰‹ –Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›dz™‘—Ž† ‘–‹—‡–‘ƒ‡ ‘‹‰–‘‘—”ƒ—ƒŽ ͸Ͷ     

‡‡–‹‰•ƒ†‘‹ƒ–‹‰ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™–”ƒ˜‡Ž‡”•ˆ‘”‡„‡”•Š‹’ƒ’”‹‘”‹–› ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”–‹‡ƒ†‡ˆˆ‘”–Ǥ ‘”ƒ––Šƒ–’‘‹––Š‡”‡‘–‘Ž›™‘—Ž†‘– „‡ƒ›ƒ’’ƒ”‡–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡‹‘—”‘‹ƒ–‹‰’”‘ ‡••ǡ–Š‡”‡™‘—Ž† ‘–„‡ƒ›ƒ –—ƒŽ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡‹‘—”‡„‡”•Š‹’Ǥ        ‹ ƒ”–•‘   MARIETTA S. ROBINSON

WASHINGTON,DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA PRESIDENT 2010   The Barristers Fiftieth Anniversary   „‡ ƒ‡ƒ ‡ŽŽ‘™‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹ʹͲͲͲǢ•‡”˜‡†ƒ•–Š‡ˆ‹”•–ƒ†ǡ ˆ‘”•‡˜‡”ƒŽ›‡ƒ”•ǡ‘Ž›™‘ƒ‘ƒ”†‡„‡”Ǣƒ†•‡”˜‡†ƒ•–Š‡ˆ‹”•– ™‘ƒ”‡•‹†‡–‹ʹͲͳͲȂʹͲͳͳǤ—–›Š‹•–‘”›™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”• ‰‘‡• „ƒ  ƒ› ›‡ƒ”• „‡ˆ‘”‡ ʹͲͲͲǡ „‡ ƒ—•‡ › Žƒ–‡ Š—•„ƒ†ǡ ‹ ‘„‹•‘ǡ™Š‘™ƒ•‡‹‰Š–›‡ƒ”•›•‡‹‘”ƒ†ƒ”‡‘™‡†Ž‹–‹‰ƒ–‘”ǡ ™ƒ•ƒ ‡ŽŽ‘™Ž‘‰„‡ˆ‘”‡ ǡƒ† ƒ––‡†‡†–Š‡ƒ—ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰•ƒ•Š‹• •’‘—•‡Ǥ   •— ‡••ˆ—Ž ™‘ƒ Ž‹–‹‰ƒ–‘” ™ƒ• ‡š–”‡‡Ž› ”ƒ”‡ ™Š‡  ‡–‡”‡†–Š‡Ž‡‰ƒŽ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘‹ͳͻ͹ͺǡƒ†–Š‘•‡™Š‘†‹†‡š‹•–™‡”‡ ‘ˆ–‡ ˜‹‡™‡† ƒ• •‘‡Š‘™ •—•’‡ –Ǥ ‘†ƒ›ǡ –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ •‘ ƒ› ‹ ”‡†‹„Ž› ƒ ‘’Ž‹•Š‡† ƒ† ™‡ŽŽǦ”‡•’‡ –‡† ™‘‡ Ž‹–‹‰ƒ–‘”• ƒ† Œ—†‰‡•–Šƒ–‹–‹•Šƒ”†–‘„‡Ž‹‡˜‡–Šƒ–‹–™ƒ• ‘‘’Žƒ ‡ǡ‹›‡ƒ”Ž› ›‡ƒ”• ‘ˆ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡ǡ –‘ Š‡ƒ” ‹– ™‹†‡Ž› ’”‘ Žƒ‹‡†ǡ ‡˜‡ „› ˆ‡†‡”ƒŽ Œ—†‰‡•ǡ–Šƒ–™‘‡†‹†‘–„‡Ž‘‰‹–Š‡ ‘—”–”‘‘ǤŠ‡”‡ƒ•‘‹‰ „‡Š‹† –Šƒ– ˜‹‡™ǡ ƒ• ‡š’”‡••‡† –‘ ‡ ˜‡”› ‘ˆ‹†‡–Ž› „› •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ƒŽ‡Ž‹–‹‰ƒ–‘”•ǡ™ƒ•–Šƒ–Œ—”‹‡•ƒ”‡’”‡†‘‹ƒ–Ž›™‘‡ǡ™‘‡†‘ ‘–Ž‹‡™‘‡ǡƒ†ǡ–Š—•ǡƒ™‘ƒŽƒ™›‡” ‘—Ž†‡˜‡”•— ‡‡†‹ƒ ‘—”–”‘‘Ǥ  • •–ƒ”–‡†–”›‹‰Œ—”› ƒ•‡•ǡ ˆ‘—†–Šƒ–ǡ“—‹–‡ ‘–”ƒ”›–‘–Š‡ ‘‘Dz™‹•†‘ǡdz Šƒ†•‡˜‡”ƒŽ†‹•–‹ –ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•ƒ•ƒ™‘ƒǣ  ͳǤ ™ƒ•ƒ‘††‹–›ǡ•‘–Š‡Œ—”›’ƒ‹†ƒ––‡–‹‘–‘‡ƒ†ǡ‘•– ‹’‘”–ƒ–Ž›ǡ–‘™Šƒ– Šƒ†–‘•ƒ›ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•ƒŽ™ƒ›•ƒ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡ ˆ‘”ƒŽƒ™›‡”‹ƒŽ‘‰–”‹ƒŽǤ  ʹǤŠ‡”‡™ƒ•ƒƒ††‡† ”‡†‹„‹Ž‹–›ƒ––”‹„—–‡†–‘‡ƒ•ƒ™‘ƒǤ ȋ‡‡„‡”ǡ–Š‡•‡™‡”‡–Š‡‡ƒ”Ž›†ƒ›•‘ˆ™‘‡ƒ’’‡ƒ”‹‰‹

͸ͷ ͸͸     

–Š‡ ‘—”–”‘‘ƒ†„‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡”‡™‡”‡‡ˆƒ”‹‘—•ƒ† ‘‹˜‹‰ †‡’‹ –‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡‹‘˜‹‡•ƒ†‘–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ǤȌ  ͵Ǥ‘‡Œ—”‘”•ǡ‘ ‡–Š‡›‡™–Šƒ–›‘—™‡”‡‘–‰‘‹‰–‘ ‡„ƒ””ƒ•• –Š‡ǡ –Šƒ– ›‘— ™‡”‡ ‘”‡ ’”‡’ƒ”‡† –Šƒ ›‘—” ƒ†˜‡”•ƒ”›ǡ ƒ† –Šƒ– ›‘— Šƒ† ƒ •‡•‡ ‘ˆ Š—‘”ǡ ”‡ƒŽŽ› ”‡•’‘†‡†–‘ƒ•–”‘‰™‘ƒ‹ƒ˜‡”›’‘•‹–‹˜‡™ƒ›Ǥ   ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡”‡ ƒ’’‡ƒ”‡† –‘ „‡ ‘‡ ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡ –Šƒ– ‡ Šƒ† ‰‘‹‰ ‹ǡ ‘‡ –Š‡› ™‘—Ž† ‡˜‡” ƒ†‹– –‘ ƒ ™‘ƒ Žƒ™›‡”ǣ ™‘‡ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” Œ—”‹‡• ‘ˆ–‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ”—•Š‡• ‘ –Š‡Ǥ  Šƒ† ™ƒ– Š‡†‹–Šƒ’’‡ƒ†™ƒ•ˆ”—•–”ƒ–‡†„›‹–Ǥ –Šƒ†‘–‘ —””‡†–‘ ‡–Šƒ––Šƒ– ‘—Ž†Šƒ’’‡‹”‡˜‡”•‡Ǥ—–‹– ‘—Ž†ǡƒ††‹†ǡ‹ƒ–”‹ƒŽ  Šƒ†Œ—•– ‘’Ž‡–‡†„‡ˆ‘”‡ ƒ––‡†‡†›ˆ‹”•– ƒ—ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰ ƒ•ƒ›‘—‰Žƒ™›‡”Ǥ    ƒ””‹˜‡†Žƒ–‡ˆ‘”†‹‡”–Šƒ–ˆ‹”•–‡˜‡‹‰ƒ† ƒ‡„‘„‹‰ ‹–‘–Š‡”‡•–ƒ—”ƒ–ǡ™Š‡”‡ƒŽƒ”‰‡‰”‘—’‘ˆƒ””‹•–‡”•ƒ†–Š‡‹”™‹˜‡• ™‡”‡ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›•‡ƒ–‡†Ǥ ™ƒ•ˆ—ŽŽ‘ˆŠ‹‰Š‡‡”‰›ƒ†„—„„Ž‹‰‘˜‡”™‹–Š –Š‹‰• –‘ •ƒ›Ǥ Š‡ ‘Ž› ‡’–› Šƒ‹” ™ƒ• ƒ ”‘•• ˆ”‘ ”ƒ‹‰ ’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰ǡ ™Š‘  ™ƒ• ‡‡–‹‰ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– –‹‡Ǥ ”ƒ‹‰ ™ƒ• ƒ ˆ‘—†‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ǡ — Š ‘Ž†‡”ǡ ƒ† ƒ ˜‡”› Žƒ”‰‡ǡ ‹’‘•‹‰ ’”‡•‡ ‡Ǥ›–Šƒ–’‘‹–‹–Š‡‡˜‡‹‰ǡ ‹Šƒ†–‘Ž†’‡‘’Ž‡ƒ„‘—–› ˜‡”†‹ –Ǥ”ƒ‹‰ ‘‰”ƒ–—Žƒ–‡†‡ƒ†–Š‡Œ—•–•ƒ–„ƒ ‹Š‹• Šƒ‹”ǡ Ž‹•–‡‹‰ǡ ƒ•  •–ƒ”–‡† –ƒŽ‹‰Ǥ  Ž‘‘‡† ƒ– –Š‹• ”‡˜‡”‡† –”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡” ™‹–Š Š‹• Žƒ”‰‡ Š‡ƒ”‹‰ ƒ‹†• ƒ† ‹• ”—–ƒ„Ž‡ǡ •‡”‹‘—• ˆƒ ‡ǡ –Š‘—‰Š– ™Šƒ–Š‹•’”‡Œ—†‹ ‡•ƒ„‘—–‡’”‘„ƒ„Ž›™‡”‡ǡ„—–’Ž—‰‡†‹ƒ›™ƒ›Ǥ  Š‡ ‘•– ƒ—•‹‰ •–‘”›  ‡‡†‡† –‘ •Šƒ”‡ –Šƒ– ‡˜‡‹‰ ™‹–Š –Š‡‰”‘—’•–ƒ”–‡†™‹–Š›–‡ŽŽ‹‰–Š‡Š‘™ƒ›–‹‡• Šƒ†„‡‡ –‘Ž†–Šƒ–™‘‡†‹†‘–„‡Ž‘‰‹–Š‡ ‘—”–”‘‘„‡ ƒ—•‡ǡ ǯ†„‡‡ –‘Ž†ǡ™‘‡•‡”˜‡‘Œ—”‹‡•ƒ†™‘‡†‘‘–Ž‹‡™‘‡Ǥ†  –‘Ž† –Š‡ ‘ˆ › ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ‘˜‡” –Š‡ ›‡ƒ”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒŽ‡ ƒ––‘”‡›•ǯ ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ˆ‡ƒŽ‡ Œ—”‘”• ‘ˆ–‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ ƒ ”—•Š ‘ –Š‡Ǥ † ›‡–ǡ  ‘ˆ‡••‡†ǡ –Š‡ —Š‡ƒ”†Ǧ‘ˆ Šƒ† Œ—•– Šƒ’’‡‡† –‘ ‡ǣ ƒ ƒŽ‡ Œ—”‘”‹–Š‡–”‹ƒŽ Šƒ†Œ—•– ‘’Ž‡–‡†Šƒ††‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†ƒ ”—•Š‘‡Ǥ     ͸͹ 

 ‡Šƒ†™ƒ‹–‡†ˆ‘”‡ƒ––Š‡–‘’‘ˆ–Š‡‡• ƒŽƒ–‘”‡˜‡”›‘”‹‰Ǥ Šƒ†•‹Ž‡†ǡ„—–ǡ‘ˆ ‘—”•‡ǡ‘–•’‘‡–‘Š‹Ǥ† Šƒ†Šƒ†–‘ƒ• –Š‡ Œ—†‰‡ǡ ‘ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‘ ƒ•‹‘•ǡ –‘ ”‡‹† –Š‡ Œ—”‘”• –Šƒ– ™‡ǡ ƒ• Žƒ™›‡”•ǡƒ”‡‘–ƒŽŽ‘™‡†–‘•’‡ƒ–‘–Š‡ǡ–Šƒ–™‡†‘‘–‡ƒ–‘„‡ ”—†‡ǡƒ†•‘ˆ‘”–ŠǤ ˆ‘—†–Šƒ–™‘†‡”ˆ—ŽŽ›ƒ—•‹‰Ǥ  ”ƒ‹‰ ’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰ Ž‡– ‡ ˆ‹‹•Š ƒ†ǡ –Š‡ǡ ˜‡”› •Ž‘™Ž›ǡ ƒ† ™‹–ŠŠ‹•ƒ”˜‡Ž‘—•ǡ†‡‡’˜‘‹ ‡•ƒ‹†ǡDzƒ”–‹ǡ™Š‡‡˜‡” –”‹‡†ƒ ƒ•‡ǡ  ƒŽ™ƒ›•’‹ ‡†‘—–‘‡™‘ƒ‘–Š‡Œ—”›ƒ––Š‡˜‡”›„‡‰‹‹‰Ǥ†ǡ ‡ƒ Š‘”‹‰ǡƒ•  ƒ‡‹–‘–Š‡ ‘—”–”‘‘ǡ ™‘—Ž†ˆ‹š›‡›‡•‘ Š‡”ƒ† ™‘—Ž†•ƒ›–‘Š‡”™‹–Š›‡›‡•ǡǮƒ†ƒǡ„—–ˆ‘”–Š‡ ‹” —•–ƒ ‡•ǡ  ™‘—Ž† Ž‹‡ –‘ „‡† ›‘— †‘™Ǥǯdz Š‡”‡ ™ƒ• — Š —’”‘ƒ”‹‘—•Žƒ—‰Š–‡”ƒ”‘—†–Š‡–ƒ„Ž‡ǡ„—–ǡ™‹–Š–Š‘•‡–™‘•‡–‡ ‡•ǡ ”ƒ‹‰ ’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰ǡ ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘•– ™‡ŽŽǦ”‡•’‡ –‡† Žƒ™›‡”• ‹ –Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ǡŽ‡–‡‘™–Šƒ– ™ƒ•ƒ‡„‡”‘ˆ–Š‡ Ž—„ǡ™‹–Š‘Š‘Ž†• „ƒ””‡†Ǥ  ‹ƒ† ™‡”‡‡„‡”•‘ˆƒ›Žƒ™›‡”•ǯ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘•ǤŠ‡ ‹•–Š‡‘Ž›‘‡‹™Š‹ Š™‡„‘–Š Š‘•‡–‘„‡˜‡”›ƒ –‹˜‡Ǥ –‹• ‘’”‹•‡† ‘ˆ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ™Š‘ ƒ”‡ Š‘•‡ ƒ”‡ˆ—ŽŽ› ˆ‘” –Š‡‹” •‹ŽŽ•ǡ –Š‡‹”‹–‡‰”‹–›ǡƒ†–Š‡‹”†‡Ž‹‰Š–ˆ—Ž’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–‹‡•Ǥ˜‡”–‹‡ǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ Šƒ˜‡ ‘‡–‘ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‡ƒ‘–Š‡”“—ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆƒ›‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ  ˜‡” –Š‡•‡ ƒ› ›‡ƒ”•ǡ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‘ˆ ‘—” ‡ŽŽ‘™• ƒ† –Š‡‹” •’‘—•‡•ǡ ‹ Ž—†‹‰ › ‹ǡ „‡ ƒ‡ ‹ŽŽ ƒ† ‡™ –Šƒ– –Š‡‹” –‹‡ ‘ ‡ƒ”–Š™ƒ• ‘‹‰–‘ƒ Ž‘•‡Ǥ† Šƒ˜‡™ƒ– Š‡†–Š‡•‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• •–”—‰‰Ž‡–‘ƒ‡‹–‘‡Žƒ•––‹‡–‘ƒ‡‡–‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǡ‘ˆ–‡ ˜‹•‹„Ž›™‡ƒǤŠ‡”‡ƒ•‘•ˆ‘”ƒ‹‰–Šƒ–‡ˆˆ‘”–˜ƒ”›ǡ‘ˆ ‘—”•‡ǡ„—– ‡”–ƒ‹Ž› ‘‡ ‹• •‹’Ž› –Š‡ ƒ”˜‡Ž‘—•ǡ †‡‡’ ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’• –Š‡› Šƒ˜‡ ˆ‘”‡†Ǥ —–  ƒŽ•‘ „‡Ž‹‡˜‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡•‡ ™‘†‡”ˆ—Ž ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ”‡ ‘‰‹œ‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡‹” Ž‹ˆ‡–‹‡ †‡˜‘–‹‘ –‘ –Š‡ ”—Ž‡ ‘ˆ Žƒ™ ‹ –Š‹• ‘—–”›ǡ™Š‡–Š‡”ƒ•ƒŽƒ™›‡”‘”ƒ••—’’‘”–ˆ‘”‘‡ǡ™ƒ•ƒŠ—‰‡’ƒ”– ‘ˆ–Š‡‹”‘™‹‰–Šƒ––Š‡›™‡”‡’ƒ”–‘ˆ•‘‡–Š‹‰•‘— Š„‹‰‰‡” –Šƒ –Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•Ǥ † „‡‹‰ ƒ ‡ŽŽ‘™ ‹ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ™ƒ• ƒ ƒ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡‡–‘ˆ–Šƒ– ‘–”‹„—–‹‘Ǥ  ͸ͺ     

 †ǡ ‘ •— Š ‘ ƒ•‹‘•ǡ  Šƒ˜‡ ™ƒ– Š‡† ƒ• –Š‡ ”‡•– ‘ˆ —• ƒ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡‹‘—”‡›‡•–Šƒ––Š‡ˆ”‹‡†ƒ‘‰•–—•ǡ™Š‘™‡Ž‘˜‡ ƒ†”‡•’‡ –•‘— Šǡ†‘‡•‘–Šƒ˜‡Ž‘‰Ž‡ˆ–‘–Š‹•‡ƒ”–ŠǤ‡‘™ –Šƒ–™Š‘–Š‡›™‡”‡™Š‡–Š‡›™‡”‡™‹–Š–Š‹•‰”‘—’™ƒ•ƒŽƒ”‰‡’ƒ”– ‘ˆŠ‘™–Š‡›˜‹‡™‡†–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•Ǥ†•‘ Šƒ˜‡™ƒ– Š‡†™Šƒ–™‡†‘ ™Š‡ ‘‡ ‘ˆ ‘—” ‘™ ‹• Ž‡ƒ”Ž› ‡–‡”‹‰ –Š‡ Š‘‡ •–”‡– ŠǤ ‡ ”‡‹‹• ‡ǡ™‡Žƒ—‰Šǡ™‡Š—‰ǡ™‡•‹Ž‡ǡ™‡™ƒ– Š–Š‡‰Ž‘ƒ‹‰ ‘‡ǡ ƒ†™‡‰‹˜‡–Š‡ƒ’Žƒ ‡™Š‡”‡ǡˆ‘”‘‡Žƒ•––‹‡ǡ–Š‡› ƒ„‡–Š‡ ‡‡”‰‡–‹ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–•‹Ž‹ˆ‡–Š‡›ƒŽ™ƒ›•™‡”‡Ǥ  Š‹•‹•ƒ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘–Šƒ–•–ƒ”–•™‹–Š–Š‡„‹‰‰‡”’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ ƒ‹‰‘—”•‘ ‹‡–›„‡––‡”ƒ†‡š–‡†•–‘–Š‡•ƒŽŽ‡”’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ–Š‡ Š—ƒ–‘— ŠǤ  ƒ”–‹‘„‹•‘ J. GRAHAM HILL

HOUSTON,TEXAS PRESIDENT 2011  Welcoming Remarks at the 2012 Convention   ‡Ž ‘‡ –‘ Š‡ ‡Ž‹ ƒ ‹ŽŽ ‡•‘”–Ǥ › › ‘—–ǡ –Š‹• ‹• –Š‡ Ͷ͹–Š‡‡–‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘ ‹‡–›‘ˆƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ  Š‡ ‹†› ƒ†  ˆ‹”•– ƒ‡ –‘ ‡Ž‹ ƒ ‹ŽŽǡ –Š‡ ‰‘Žˆ ‘—”•‡• ƒ† Ž—„ Š‘—•‡ ™‡”‡ Š‡”‡ǡ „—– ‘–Š‡”™‹•‡ –Š‡ ”‡•‘”– ™ƒ• —†‡” ‘•–”— –‹‘Ǥ‡™‡”‡–ƒ‡‘ƒŠƒ”†ǦŠƒ––‘—”Ǥ‡™‡”‡‹’”‡••‡† ™‹–Š–Š‡’‡”ˆ‡ –™‡ƒ–Š‡”ǡ–Š‡‘ ‡ƒǡ–Š‡•–ƒˆˆǡƒ†–Š‡‘™‡”ǯ•˜‹•‹‘ ˆ‘”–Š‹••’‡ ‹ƒŽ’”‘’‡”–›ǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š–Š‹•™ƒ•ƒ ‘•–”— –‹‘œ‘‡ǡ™‡ Šƒ†ƒˆ‡‡Ž‹‰‡Ž‹ ƒ ‹ŽŽ™‘—Ž†„‡ƒ’‡”ˆ‡ –’Žƒ ‡ˆ‘”–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”• –‘‰ƒ–Š‡”‹ʹͲͳʹǤ  ‡Ž‹ ƒ ‹ŽŽ‹•‡˜‡”›–Š‹‰™‡Š‘’‡†‹–™‘—Ž†„‡ ‘‡ǡƒ†‘”‡Ǥ –‹•‡Ž‡‰ƒ–ƒ†”‡Žƒš‡†ǤŽŽƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ”‡‘•‹–‡‘”ƒ”‡˜‡”› Ž‘•‡Ǥ ‘—™‹ŽŽ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡‰”‡ƒ–•‡”˜‹ ‡ƒ†ˆ‘‘†Ǥ‘†±ƒ•–Šƒ•”ƒ‡† ‡Ž‹ ƒ ‹ŽŽ–Š‡͓ͳ ‘Žˆ‡•‘”–‹–Š‡ǤǤˆ‘”ʹͲͳʹƒ†™‡ƒ‰”‡‡Ǥ  ‡ƒ”‡–Š‡ˆ‹”•–„‹‰‰”‘—’–‘Šƒ˜‡ƒ‡‡–‹‰Š‡”‡ǡƒ†™‡™‡”‡ ‘ˆˆ‡”‡†–Š‹•™‘†‡”ˆ—Ž’”‘’‡”–›ƒ–ƒ‰”‡ƒ–˜ƒŽ—‡Ǥ  ‡ Š‘’‡ ›‘— ƒ”‡ ’Ž‡ƒ•‡† ™‹–Š ›‘—” ‰‘”‰‡‘—• ”‘‘•ǡ Žƒ•– ‹‰Š–ǯ•‹ ”‡†‹„Ž‡†‹‡”ǡ–Š‹•‘”‹‰ǯ•ƒƒœ‹‰„”‡ƒˆƒ•–Ǥ‡ƒ”‡ ‘ˆ‹†‡– ›‘— ™‹ŽŽ ‡Œ‘› —‡•†ƒ›ǯ• –ƒŽ‹ƒ †‹‡” ƒ– –Š‡ ‘Ž‹•‡— ’‘‘Ž™‹–Š—‹“—‡‡–‡”–ƒ‹‡–ȋ•› Š”‘‹œ‡†•™‹‡”•ȌǤ‡Šƒ˜‡ ƒ””ƒ‰‡† ƒ ‡Ž‡‰ƒ– †‹‡” ˆ‘” ”‹†ƒ› ‹‰Š–ǡ –‘’’‡† ‘ˆˆ „› ƒ ƒƒœ‹‰†ƒ ‡„ƒ†Ǥ  Š‡’‘‘Žǡ„‡ƒ Šǡ•’ƒǡŠ‡ƒŽ–Š Ž—„ǡ–‡‹•ǡ‰‘Žˆǡˆ‹•Š‹‰ǡŠ‘”•‡„ƒ  ”‹†‹‰ƒ”‡ƒŽŽŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”›‘—”‡Œ‘›‡–ǤŠ‡ͻͷͲ”‡•‘”–•–ƒˆˆ‡„‡”• Šƒ˜‡ ‘‡ •‹’Ž‡ ”‡“—‡•–ǣ ‹ˆ ›‘— ™ƒ– ƒ›–Š‹‰ǡ Œ—•– ƒ•–Š‡› ƒ”‡ ›‘—”‰‡‹‡•Ǥ  ‡™‹ŽŽ‹†— –ͷͺ‡™ƒ””‹•–‡”•–‘†ƒ›ǡƒ”‡ ‘”†Ǥ‡Šƒ˜‡ƒŽŽ Š‡ƒ”†ƒ†”‡ƒ†ƒ„‘—––Š‡˜ƒ‹•Š‹‰Œ—”›–”‹ƒŽǤ‘‡Šƒ˜‡’”‡†‹ –‡†

͸ͻ ͹Ͳ     

–Šƒ––”‹ƒŽǦŽƒ™›‡”‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘••— Šƒ•‘—”•™‹ŽŽ‰‘‹–‘†‡ Ž‹‡‘”„‡ ˆ‘” ‡†–‘”‡Žƒš–Š‡‹”ƒ†‹••‹‘•–ƒ†ƒ”†•Ǥ  Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ”‡ƒ‹ ‘‹––‡† –‘ –Š‡ ’”‘’‘•‹–‹‘ –Šƒ– ™‡ ƒ”‡ ƒ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘’”‹•‡† ‘ˆ ‡Ž‹–‡ –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”•Ǥ —” Žƒ••‘ˆ ʹͲͳʹ’”‘˜‡•–Šƒ––Š‡”‡ƒ”‡Žƒ™›‡”••–‹ŽŽ–”›‹‰Œ—”› ƒ•‡•ǤŽŽ‘ˆ‘—” ‡™ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‡• Šƒ˜‡ ‡š–‡•‹˜‡ ‘—”– –”‹ƒŽ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ ƒ† ƒ”‡ Š‡Ž† ‹ –Š‡ Š‹‰Š‡•– ”‡‰ƒ”† „› –Š‡‹” Ž‘ ƒŽ Œ—†‰‡• ƒ† ‘ŽŽ‡ƒ‰—‡•Ǥ Š‡› Šƒ˜‡ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡†–Š‡Š‹‰Š‡•–†‡‰”‡‡‘ˆ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ‹•ǡ•‹ŽŽǡƒ†‡–Š‹ • –Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡‹” ƒ”‡‡”•ǤŠ‡›ƒ”‡–Š‡„‡•–‘ˆ–Š‡„‡•–Ǥ   ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ –Š‡› ƒ”‡ ‘—” ‹† ‘ˆ ’‡‘’Ž‡Ǥ • ™‡ ƒŽŽ ‘™ǡ ‘‰‡‹ƒŽ‹–› ƒ† Š—‹Ž‹–› ƒ”‡ ‡˜‡”› „‹– ƒ• ‹’‘”–ƒ– –‘ ‘—” ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ƒ• ‘—”–”‘‘•‹ŽŽƒ†•— ‡••Ǥ  Š‡ ‡„‡”•Š‹’ ’”‘ ‡•• ‹• ͳͲͲΨ ‡„‡” †”‹˜‡Ǥ  ’‡”•‘ ƒ‘– ƒ’’Ž› ˆ‘” ‡„‡”•Š‹’Ǥ  ™ƒ– –‘ –Šƒ ›‘— ˆ‘” ‹†‡–‹ˆ›‹‰ ƒ†”‡ ”—‹–‹‰–Š‡•‡‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰‡™‡„‡”•ǤŠ‹•‹•ƒ”‡•—Ž–‘ˆƒ –”‡‡†‘—• ‡ˆˆ‘”– „› •–ƒ–‡ Šƒ‹”•ǡ –Š‡ ‘ƒ”†ǡ –Š‡ ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”•ǡ –Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡„‡”•Š‹’ Šƒ‹”ǡƒ†‘—”‡–‹”‡‡„‡”•Š‹’Ǥ  ‡ ‘ˆ ‘—” ‰‘ƒŽ• ‹• –‘ ‘–‹—‡ –‘ ‰‡– ›‘—‰‡” ƒ• ƒ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘Ǥ™‡–›Ǧˆ‹˜‡’‡” ‡–‘ˆ‘—”‡™‡„‡”•ƒ”‡‹–Š‡‹” ͶͲ•ƒ†ŠƒŽˆƒ”‡—†‡”–Š‡ƒ‰‡‘ˆͷͷǤ‘–Š‡”‰‘ƒŽ‹•–‘ ‘–‹—‡–‘ †‹˜‡”•‹ˆ› ‘—” ‰”‘—’‘”‡ ™‘‡ǡ Žƒ™›‡”• ‘ˆ ‘Ž‘”ǡ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ –”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”•Ǥ –‹• ”‹–‹ ƒŽ–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•”‡ˆŽ‡ ––Š‡ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‘—” ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘‹–Š‡ʹͳ•– ‡–—”›Ǥ  ‡ ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– Š‘‘”ƒ”› –”‹ƒŽ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ –‘ ‡Ž‡ – ƒ ˆ‡ƒŽ‡ ’”‡•‹†‡–ǡƒ†•Š‡™‹ŽŽ‘–„‡–Š‡Žƒ•–Ǥ™‡–›’‡” ‡–‘ˆ‘—”„‘ƒ”†• ƒ”‡ —””‡–Ž› ™‘‡Ǥ ‡ ™‹ŽŽ ‘–‹—‡ –‘ ‹’”‘˜‡ ‹ –Š‹• ƒ”‡ƒǤ – —†ƒ›ǯ• ‘ƒ”† ‡‡–‹‰ǡ ™‡ ”‡˜‹‡™‡† –Š‡ ’”‘’‘•‡† ‘‹ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ Ž‘•–ŠƒŽˆ‘ˆ–Š‡‘‹‡‡•™‡”‡™‘‡ǡƒ†–Š‡›™‡”‡‡š–”‡‡Ž› ™‡ŽŽ“—ƒŽ‹ˆ‹‡†ˆ‘”‡„‡”•Š‹’Ǥ ƒ ‘ˆ‹†‡––Šƒ–™‡™‹ŽŽ ‘–‹—‡ –‘ƒ††‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰™‘‡–‘‘—”‡„‡”•Š‹’”‘ŽŽ•Ǥ  ‡•–‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡™‘”–‘†‘Ǥ‡ƒ”‡ ‘‹––‡†ƒ†‘˜‹‰‹–Š‡ ”‹‰Š–†‹”‡ –‹‘Ǥ  Ž‡˜‡ ƒ•– ”‡•‹†‡–• ƒ”‡ Š‡”‡ –Š‹• ™‡‡Ǥ Šƒ ›‘— ˆ‘” ‘‹‰Ǥ ‘—” •—’’‘”– ƒ† ‘—•‡Ž ‹• ‹˜ƒŽ—ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ ‘— •‡”˜‡ ƒ•     ͹ͳ 

‘•–ƒ– ”‡‹†‡”• ‘ˆ ™Š‘ ™‡ ‡‡† –‘ „‡ –‘ ”‡ƒ‹ –”—‡ –‘ ‘—” ˆ‘—†‡”•̵˜‹•‹‘Ǥƒ•–”‡•‹†‡– ƒ ‹„‡”™‹ŽŽ‘—–Ž‹‡ˆ‘”—•–Š‹• ‘”‹‰ ‘—” Dz ‘˜‡–‹‘ ‘˜‡–‹‘•Ǥdz – ‹• ƒ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘  Ž‘‘ ˆ‘”™ƒ”†–‘Š‡ƒ”‹‰‡˜‡”››‡ƒ”ǡƒ†›‘—™‹ŽŽ‡Œ‘›‹–ƒ•™‡ŽŽǤ  ‘‘—”ͷͺ‡™‡„‡”•ƒ†–Š‡‹”•’‘—•‡•ǡ›‘—™‹ŽŽ‰‡–ƒŽ‘–‘ˆ ƒ––‡–‹‘ –Š‹• ™‡‡Ǥ ‘— ™‹ŽŽ ˆ‡‡Ž ˜‡”› ™‡Ž ‘‡ǡ ›‘— ™‹ŽŽ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ’‘•‹–‹˜‡‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ǡƒ†›‘—™‹ŽŽ™ƒ––‘”‡–—”‡š–›‡ƒ”Ǥ ’”‘‹•‡ ›‘—–Šƒ–‹ˆ›‘—”‡–—”ǡ›‘—™‹ŽŽ„‡Š‘‘‡†Ǥ ˆ›‘— Š‘‘•‡–‘„‡Dz‘‡ ƒ† †‘‡ǡdz –‘ —•‡ ƒ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡Ǧ„ƒ•‡–„ƒŽŽ ƒƒŽ‘‰›ǡ ›‘— ™‹ŽŽ ‹•• ƒ ‘’’‘”–—‹–›–‘ƒ‡•‘‡–‡””‹ˆ‹ Ž‹ˆ‡Ž‘‰ˆ”‹‡†•ˆ”‘ƒŽŽ‘˜‡”–Š‡ ™‘”Ž†Ǥ  ˆ ›‘— ƒ”‡ ˆƒ‹”Ž› ‡™ –‘ ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǡ „‡ ’”‘ƒ –‹˜‡ –Š‹• ™‡‡Ǥ –”‘†— ‡ ›‘—”•‡Ž˜‡•Ǥ • ’‡‘’Ž‡ –‘ Œ‘‹ ›‘— ˆ‘” †‹‡”ǡ ƒ †”‹Ǥ ‡‘’Ž‡ ƒ› ƒ••—‡ ›‘—ƒ”‡ „‘‘‡†—’ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ™‡‡ǡ •‘ †‘ ‘– „‡ •Š›Ǥ Š‹• ‹• ƒ ‘’’‘”–—‹–› –‘ ƒ‡ ‡™ ˆ”‹‡†• ƒ† †‡‡’‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•Ǥ  ‹†›ƒ† Šƒ˜‡ƒ„•‘Ž—–‡Ž›Ž‘˜‡†™‘”‹‰™‹–Š–Š‹•›‡ƒ”ǯ• ’”‘‰”ƒ Šƒ‹”•ǡ ‹ƒ†ƒƒƒ”–‹—•Ǥ‡Šƒ˜‡„‡ ‘‡‡š–”‡‡Ž› Ž‘•‡ ƒ† Šƒ˜‡ Šƒ† ƒ Ž‘– ‘ˆ ˆ— ’Žƒ‹‰ –Š‹• ™‡‡Ǥ ‹ Šƒ• ƒ ƒƒœ‹‰Ž‹‡—’‘ˆ•’‡ƒ‡”•ƒ†ƒˆ–‡”‘‘‘’–‹‘ƒŽƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ ’Žƒ ‘•‹––‹‰„ƒ ƒ†‡Œ‘›‹‰‡˜‡”›‹—–‡‘ˆ ‹ǯ•’”‘‰”ƒ™‹–Š›‘—Ǥ ǡ–Š‡ˆŽ‘‘”‹•›‘—”•Ǥ        ”ƒŠƒ ‹ŽŽ  ʹ     

          ȗȗȗ MICHAEL A. KELLY

SAN FRANCISCO,CALIFORNIA PRESIDENT 2012

 ™‹ŽŽ ƒŽ™ƒ›• ”‡‡„‡” › ˜‡”› ˆ‹”•– ƒ””‹•–‡”• ‡‡–‹‰Ǥ – ™ƒ•ƒ––Š‡ —ƒŽƒŽƒǯ‹”‡•‘”–‹ ƒ™ƒ‹‹Ǥ‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆƒ ‘ˆŽ‹ –™‹–Š‘—” ›‘—‰‡•– †ƒ—‰Š–‡”ǯ• • Š‘‘Žǡ › ™‹ˆ‡ǡ ”‹•Šǡ ™ƒ• —ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ƒ ‘’ƒ› ‡Ǥ • ‹– –—”‡† ‘—–ǡ  ™ƒ• –Š‡ ‘Ž› ‡™ ‡„‡” –Šƒ– ›‡ƒ” ™Š‘ ™ƒŽ‡† †‘™ –Š‡ ƒ‹•Ž‡ ƒŽ‘‡ –‘ ƒ ‡’– Š‹• ’‡™–‡” —’ ™‹–Š‘—–ƒ’ƒ”–‡”ǡ‰—‡•–ǡ‘”•’‘—•‡ƒŽ‘‰•‹†‡Ǥ ”‡ ƒŽŽƒ‹‰ƒŒ‘‡ ƒ„‘—– ƒ ”ƒ ‹• ‘ǡ ‹–• ‘•‘’‘Ž‹–ƒ ƒ–—”‡ǡ ‹–• ”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” ‘’‡‡•• ‹ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•ǡ ƒ† › ™‹ŽŽ‹‰‡•• –‘ „— –Šƒ– ‹‰Š– ™‹–Šƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡‘–Š‡”‡™‹†— –‡‡•Ǥ ˜‡‘”‡–Šƒ›•‘Ž‘‹–”‘†— –‹‘ƒ†‹†— –‹‘ǡ–Š‘—‰Šǡ  ”‡‡„‡” Ž‹•–‡‹‰ –‘ ‘‡Ž ‘›†‡ ‘ˆ ‹ Š‹‰ƒ ƒ• Š‡ ‰ƒ˜‡ –Š‡ ‰”‘—’ǯ•ƒ—ƒŽ‘’‡‹‰Ž‡ –—”‡ǡ–Š‡Dz‘˜‡–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡–‹‘Ǥdz ‘‘‡‡™ƒ––Š‡–‹‡–Šƒ–‹–™‘—Ž†„‡–Š‡Žƒ•––‹‡‘›†‡™‘—Ž† ‰‹˜‡ –Š‡ ‘’‡‹‰ ƒ††”‡••ǡ ˆƒŽŽ‹‰ ˜‹ –‹ –‘ ƒ ‡” ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ›‡ƒ”Ǥ ‘‡Ž‘›†‡™ƒ•ƒ„‹‰ƒǡ™‹–Šƒ„‹‰’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–›ƒ†ƒ˜‘‹ ‡ –Šƒ– •‡‡‡† ƒ• –Š‘—‰Š ‹– ƒ‡ ‘—– ‘ˆ ‘˜‹‡ •‡”‹ƒŽ• ‘” ”ƒ†‹‘ „”‘ƒ† ƒ•–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ͳͻͷͲ•Ǥ ‹• ‘ƒ† ‘˜‡” –Š‡ ƒ—†‹‡ ‡ ™ƒ• •’‡ŽŽ„‹†‹‰Ǥ Ž‹•–‡‡†‹–‡–Ž›–‘‡ƒ Š™‘”†‘ˆ‡ƒ Š•‡–‡ ‡ǡƒ•Š‡ –ƒŽ‡† ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ —‹“—‡‡•• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǡ ‹–• ’—”’‘•‡•ǡ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ǡŠ‹•–‘”›ǡƒ† ‘†‡‘ˆ ‘†— –ƒ–‹–•ƒ—ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰•Ǥ˜‡ –‘†ƒ›  ƒ •‡‡ ›•‡Žˆ •‹––‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ ˆƒ” ”‹‰Š–ǦŠƒ† •‹†‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡‡–‹‰”‘‘ǡ‹–Š‡ˆ”‘–”‘™ǡ–‡ŽŽ‹‰›•‡ŽˆǡDz ƒ•‘Ž— ›–‘„‡‹ –Š‹•‰”‘—’Ǥdz ‹–Š‹‹—–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘ Ž—•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡ ™ƒ•‘ –Š‡’Š‘‡–‘›™‹ˆ‡„ƒ ‹ƒ ”ƒ ‹• ‘ǡ–‡ŽŽ‹‰Š‡”Š‘™— Š  ™‹•Š‡†•Š‡Šƒ†„‡‡–Š‡”‡„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‹•‰”‘—’™ƒ•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ǤŽ‹‡ ‘–Š‡”Š‘‘”ƒ”›‰”‘—’•ƒ†ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘•™‡Šƒ†„‡‡‹˜‹–‡†–‘ǡ–Š‹• ‘‡Šƒ†ƒ’—”’‘•‡‘–Š‡”–Šƒ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ƒ’Žƒ–ˆ‘”ˆ‘”Žƒ™›‡”•™Š‘

͹͵ ͹Ͷ     

™ƒ–‡†–‘„‡•‡‡ƒ†’ƒ‹†Š‘ƒ‰‡–‘ǤŠ‹•‰”‘—’™ƒ•‹–‡”‡•–‡†‹ ™Š‘›‘—™‡”‡ǡƒ•‘’’‘•‡†–‘™Šƒ–›‘—Šƒ††‘‡Ǥ‘•–‹’‘”–ƒ–Ž›ǡ –Š‡ ƒ—ƒŽ ‡‡–‹‰ ‡–‡”‡† ‘ ‡–‡”–ƒ‹‹‰ –Š‡ ‘—’Ž‡ǡ ‘– –Š‡ Žƒ™›‡”Ǧ‡„‡”Ǥ ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ‘‡Ž ‘›†‡ǯ• ”‡ƒ”• ™ƒ• ƒ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ „› ”‘ˆ‡••‘” ‘Š”ƒ˜‡Ǥ”ƒ˜‡Šƒ†–Š‡Ž‘‘‘ˆƒƒ†• ‹‡–‹•–ǡ™‹–Š Œ—•–ƒ†ƒ•Š‘ˆ–Š‡—––›”‘ˆ‡••‘”ƒ†ƒ•’”‹Ž‡‘ˆ”‘ˆǤ ”™‹‘”‡›Ǥ —–”ƒ˜‡™ƒ•–Š‡”‡ƒŽ†‡ƒŽǡƒ†‹ ”‡†‹„Ž›ˆƒ• ‹ƒ–‹‰Ǥ Š‹Ž‡™‘”‹‰ˆ‘”–Š‡ƒ˜›ǡŠ‡’‹‘‡‡”‡†•‡ƒ” Š–‡ Š‹“—‡•–‘ Ž‘ ƒ–‡ ‘„Œ‡ –• Ž‘•– ƒ– •‡ƒǤ ‹• ™‘” ‹ Ž—†‡† ˆ‹†‹‰ ƒ ‹••‹‰ Š›†”‘‰‡„‘„–Šƒ–Šƒ†„‡‡Ž‘•–‹–Š‡‡†‹–‡””ƒ‡ƒ‡ƒǡƒ†–Š‡ ™”‡ ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘”’‹‘•—„ƒ”‹‡ǡ™Š‹ ŠŠƒ††‹•ƒ’’‡ƒ”‡†‹ –Š‡ –Žƒ–‹   ‡ƒ ™‡•– ‘ˆ ’ƒ‹Ǥ ‡ ™ƒ• Žƒ–‡” ƒ’’‘‹–‡† ƒ• –Š‡ ”‘Œ‡ – ƒƒ‰‡” ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒ˜›ǯ• ‘Žƒ”‹• •—„ƒ”‹‡ ’”‘‰”ƒǡ ƒ† —Ž–‹ƒ–‡Ž› „‡ ƒ‡ –Š‡ Š‹‡ˆ  ‹‡–‹•– ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒ˜›ǯ• Dz’‡ ‹ƒŽ ”‘Œ‡ –•dzˆˆ‹ ‡Ǥ —–™Šƒ–™ƒ•‘•–ˆƒ• ‹ƒ–‹‰–‘‡ƒ„‘—–”ƒ˜‡™ƒ•–Šƒ–Š‡ ™ƒ•‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹–Š‡ ǯ•”‡ ‘˜‡”›‘ˆƒ•—‡—••‹ƒ— Ž‡ƒ”•—„ǡ ™Š‹ Š ™ƒ• ƒ””›‹‰ –Š‡ Žƒ–‡•– ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” —†‡”™ƒ–‡” –‡ Š‘Ž‘‰›ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•‘˜‹‡–— Ž‡ƒ”™ƒ”Š‡ƒ†•Ǥ ‘”†‡”–‘ ƒ””›‘—– –Š‡•‡ ”‡–”‡ ‘˜‡”›‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ǡŠ‡’ƒ”–‡”‡†™‹–Š ‘™ƒ”† —‰Š‡•‹ †‡•‹‰‹‰ ƒ† „—‹Ž†‹‰ ƒ ‘‡Ǧ‘ˆǦƒǦ‹† •ƒŽ˜ƒ‰‡ •Š‹’ ƒŽŽ‡† –Š‡ Dz Ž‘ƒ”š’Ž‘”‡”Ǥdz•Ž— ™‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡‹–ǡ‹ͳͻ͹͸ Šƒ†™‘”‡†ˆ‘”ƒ ˆ‹” –Šƒ– ”‡’”‡•‡–‡† –Š‡ Š‡‹”• ‘ˆ ƒ ”‡™ ‡„‡” ™Š‘ Šƒ† †‹‡† ƒ„‘ƒ”† –Š‡ Ž‘ƒ” š’Ž‘”‡”ǡ ƒ†  Ž‹‡Ž› ‡™ ‘”‡ ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ ’”‘Œ‡ ––Šƒƒ›‘‡‹–Š‡”‘‘ǡ•ƒ˜‡–Š‡•’‡ƒ‡”Ǥ‹•–‡‹‰–‘–Š‡ •–‘”› ‘ˆ –Š‹• •‡ ”‡– ‰‘˜‡”‡– ’”‘Œ‡ –ǡ ™Š‹ Š Šƒ† –ƒ‡ ’Žƒ ‡ –Š‹”–›Ǧˆ‹˜‡ ›‡ƒ”• ‡ƒ”Ž‹‡”ǡ Š‘‘‡† ‡ ‘ ƒ””‹•–‡” ‡‡–‹‰•Ǥ ‘›†‡ ™ƒ•”‹‰Š–ǣ–Š‡•‡™‡”‡‘––Š‡–›’‹ ƒŽ’”‘‰”ƒǤŠ‡•‡‡‡–‹‰• ™‡”‡‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ǡ‹ˆ‘––‘–ƒŽŽ› ‘‘ŽǨ ›ˆ‹”•–ƒ””‹•–‡”‡‡–‹‰‹•ƒŽ•‘™Š‡”‡ Šƒ†›‹–”‘†— –‹‘ –‘ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǯ ƒ—ƒŽ ‰‘Žˆ –‘—”ƒ‡–Ǥ Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ›‡ƒ”•ǡ ‰‘Žˆ ƒ† –‡‹• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ’‘’—Žƒ” ’ƒ•–‹‡• ˆ‘” ƒ””‹•–‡”• ƒ† –Š‡‹” ‰—‡•–•ǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š ‘™ƒ•‡–‘ˆ‰‘Žˆ Ž—„•ǡƒ•‘ˆͳͻͻͻǡ™Š‡ ™ƒ•     ͹ͷ 

‹†— –‡†ǡ  ’”‘„ƒ„Ž› ’Žƒ›‡† ‘ ‡ ƒ ›‡ƒ”Ǥ Š‹‹‰ –Šƒ–  ™‘—Ž† ƒš‹‹œ‡ › ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ ‹ –Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘ǡ  •‹‰‡† —’ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒ—ƒŽ –‘—”ƒ‡–Ǥ Š‡–Š‡” „› ˆƒ–‡ǡ ‘” –Š‡ ‡ˆƒ”‹‘—• • Š‡‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡‰‘Žˆ Šƒ‹”ǡ ‡†‡†—’‹ƒ ƒ”–™‹–Š–Š‡’‡”‡‹ƒŽ Šƒ’‹‘ǡ‘ ‡ƒ–‹‰ ‘ˆ ƒŠƒǡ ‡„”ƒ•ƒǤ ‘ ™ƒ• ƒ ˆ‘”‡” ’”‡•‹†‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‘ ‹‡–›ǡƒ† Šƒ†‡–Š‹ƒ†Š‹•™‹ˆ‡ƒ”„‡ƒ”Ž‹‡”‹–Š‡™‡‡Ǥ  ™ƒ•—ƒ™ƒ”‡–Šƒ–‘Šƒ†ƒŠƒ†‹ ƒ’‘ˆʹȋ‹‡™ƒ•͵ʹȌ‘”–Šƒ–Š‡ ™‘–Š‡‡˜‡–‡˜‡”››‡ƒ”Ǥ Žƒ›‹‰™‹–Šƒ•‡–‘ˆ”‡–‡† Ž—„•‘–Š‡‹ ”‡†‹„Ž› ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰ —ƒŽƒŽƒǯ‹ ‘—”•‡ǡ •Ž‹ ‡†ǡŠ‘‘‡†ǡ„‘‰‡›‡†ǡƒ††‘—„Ž‡Ǧ„‘‰‡›‡†› ™ƒ›–‘ƒ• ‘”‡‘ˆͳͲ͸Ǥ‘•Š‘–͹ʹǤ––Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡”‘—†ǡŠ‡Ž‘‘‡† ƒ–‡ƒ†•ƒ‹†ǡDz –Š‹›‘—•Š‘—Ž†„—›–Š‘•‡ Ž—„•ǡ–Š‡›•—‹–›‘—” ‰ƒ‡Ǥdz‡‡†Ž‡•• –‘•ƒ›ǡ  Šƒ˜‡ ƒ†‡•—”‡ –‘ •’ƒ”‡ Š‹ ƒ ”‡’‡ƒ– ‘ˆ –Šƒ–‘”†‡ƒŽ‡˜‡”››‡ƒ”•‹ ‡Ǥ  –Š‡ ‡•—‹‰ ›‡ƒ”•ǡ  Šƒ† –Š‡ ‘’’‘”–—‹–› –‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’ ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’• ™‹–Š Ž‹–‡”ƒŽŽ› Š—†”‡†• ‘ˆ Žƒ™›‡”• ˆ”‘ ƒ ”‘•• –Š‡ ‘—–”› ‹ ƒ Š‘•– ‘ˆ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• Ž‡‰ƒŽǦ•’‡ ‹ƒŽ–› ƒ”‡ƒ•Ǥ Šƒ– ™‡ Šƒ†‹ ‘‘™ƒ•–Šƒ–™Š‡‹–Š‡ ‘—”–”‘‘™‡™‡”‡ͳͲͲΨˆ‘ —•‡†‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ‘—” Ž‹‡–ǤŠ‡™‡™‡”‡ǯ–ǡ™‡™‡”‡ͳͲͲΨ ‘‹––‡† –‘ –”›‹‰ –‘ ƒ‡ ‘—” ‘—‹–‹‡• ƒ† ‘—” ‘—”– •›•–‡• „‡––‡” ’Žƒ ‡•Ǥ ‘•‹•–‡– ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǯ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ‘ˆ ‘– •‡‡‹‰ ‡Ž‡ –‡† ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡ǡ  †‹† › „‡•– –‘ „‡ ‹””‡˜‡”‡–ǡ ‹ ‘””‹‰‹„Ž‡ǡ ‘ ƒǦ •‹‘ƒŽŽ› ‹–‘š‹ ƒ–‡†ǡ ƒ† ƒŽ™ƒ›• —‹–‡”‡•–‡† ‹ –Š‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ǯ• ‰‘˜‡”ƒ ‡Ǥ •’‹–‡‘ˆ–Š‹•ǡ‹ʹͲͲ͵ ™ƒ•Š‘‘”‡†„›•‡Ž‡ –‹‘–‘ –Š‡‘ƒ”†‘ˆ ‘˜‡”‘”•ǡƒ†ƒ––Š‡•—‡”„‘ƒ”†‡‡–‹‰‹ʹͲͲͻǡ ‹ƒ ‘ŽŽƒǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒǡ ™ƒ•Š‘‘”‡†™‹–Š‘‹ƒ–‹‘–‘–Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ •‡ ”‡–ƒ”›Ȃ–”‡ƒ•—”‡”ǡ –Š‡ ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡ –Šƒ– „‡‰‹• –Š‡ ’”‘‰”‡••‹‘ –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ Šƒ‹”•Ǥ ‘ –Š‹• †ƒ›ǡ ‹–ǯ• •–‹ŽŽ — Ž‡ƒ” Š‘™ ƒŽŽ –Šƒ– Šƒ’’‡‡†Ǥ –Š‘—‰Š––Š‡ǡƒ† •–‹ŽŽ–Š‹‘™ǡ–Šƒ–‘‹ƒ–‹‘–‘‘ˆˆ‹ ‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–› ™ƒ• ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰”‡ƒ–‡•– Š‘‘”•  Šƒ˜‡ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† ƒ• ƒ ’”ƒ –‹ ‹‰ Žƒ™›‡”Ǥ  Šƒ˜‡ –”‡‡†‘—• ”‡‰ƒ”† ˆ‘” –Š‘•‡ ™Š‘ Šƒ˜‡ •‡”˜‡†–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ƒ•‹–•’”‡•‹†‡–ǡ‡‡’‹‰‹–‘ ‘—”•‡ƒ†‹ ͹͸     

Ž‹‡™‹–Š–Š‡’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ƒ†’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ–‡†„›–Š‡ˆ‘—”‡ ™Š‘ ˆ‘—†‡† –Š‡ ‰”‘—’ ‹ ͳͻ͸ͷǤ  ‘•‹†‡” ›•‡Žˆ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž› „Ž‡••‡†–‘Šƒ˜‡„‡ ‘‡ˆ”‹‡†•™‹–Šƒ† –‘Šƒ˜‡•Šƒ”‡†–‹‡™‹–Š ˆ‘—”’ƒ•–’”‡•‹†‡–•™Š‘Šƒ˜‡‘™Šƒ˜‡Ž‡ˆ–—•ǣƒ˜‹†‹š‘ǡ ‡‡ ƒ ‹„—”ǡ ƒ ‹„‡”ǡƒ†‹ ƒ›Ǥ Š‡–‘—‰Š‡•–’ƒ”–‘ˆ„‡‹‰‹–Š‡Ž‹‡‘ˆ•— ‡••‹‘ˆ‘”•‡”˜‹‰ ƒ• ’”‡•‹†‡– ‹• –Š‡ ”‡“—‹”‡‡– –‘ •‡”˜‡ ƒ• ’”‘‰”ƒ Šƒ‹” ™Š‹Ž‡ •‡ ”‡–ƒ”›Ȃ–”‡ƒ•—”‡”Ǥ Šƒ†–Š‡‘’’‘”–—‹–›–‘•‡”˜‡ƒ•’”‘‰”ƒ Šƒ‹” ‹ʹͲͳͲˆ‘””‡•‹†‡–‹ ƒ”–•‘ƒ†Š‹•™‹ˆ‡‡„„‹‡ǤŠ‡›™‡”‡ ‘•—ƒ–‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǡ™Š‘ŽŽ›ˆ‘ —•‡†‘ƒ‹‰•—”‡–Š‡ƒ—ƒŽ ‡‡–‹‰™ƒ•ˆ—ǡƒˆˆ‘”†ƒ„Ž‡ǡƒ†—‹“—‡Ǥ‡‘ˆ‡„„‹‡ǯ••’‡ ‹ƒŽ –‘— Š‡• ™ƒ• ƒ ‘ˆˆǦ•‹–‡ ‡˜‡‹‰ „ƒ“—‡– ‰”ƒ ‡† „› ƒŽŽ‹‰ƒ–‘”• ƒ† ‰‹ƒ–•ƒ‡•ǡƒ ‘’ƒ‹‡†„›–Š‡‹”–”ƒ‹‡”•ǡ‘ˆ ‘—”•‡Ǥ ‹ ƒ†‡„„‹‡Šƒ†•‡Ž‡ –‡†–Š‡ͶǦ‹ƒ‘†ǡƒ™ƒ”†Ǧ™‹‹‰ ‘–ƒ‡†”ƒ ƒ†Ž—„‹ Ž‘”‹†ƒƒ•‘—”†‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡’”‘’‡”–› Šƒ† Œ—•– —†‡”‰‘‡ ƒ ƒŒ‘” ”‡‘˜ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† •’ƒ”Ž‡† Ž‹‡ ƒ Œ‡™‡Ž •‹––‹‰ ƒŽ‘‰•‹†‡ –Š‡‘ ‡ƒǤ Š‡ ”‡•‘”– ‰—ƒ”ƒ–‡‡† ƒŽŽ ƒ––‡†‡‡•ƒ ‘ ‡ƒǦ˜‹‡™”‘‘ǡƒ†ͻͲΨ‘ˆ–Š‡”‘‘•‘’‡‡†‘–‘–Š‡„‡ƒ ŠǤŠ‡ –‡‹• Ž—„™ƒ•”ƒ‡†—„‡”–™‘‹–Š‡ ‘—–”›ǡƒ†–Š‡–™‘‰‘Žˆ ‘—”•‡• ‘ –Š‡ ’”‘’‡”–› ™‡”‡ ‹’‡ ƒ„Ž› ƒ‹–ƒ‹‡† ƒ† ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰ˆ‘”‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†ƒ†ƒƒ–‡—”’Žƒ›‡”•ƒŽ‹‡Ǥ —”‹‰–Š‡’”‡ ‡†‹‰›‡ƒ”ǡ–Š‡‘ƒ”†‘ˆ ‘˜‡”‘”•Šƒ†„‡‰— –‘†‹• —••™‹–Š‘—”„‡Ž‘˜‡†ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡•‡ ”‡–ƒ”›ǡ ‘Š‡‡†ǡŠ‹• †‡•‹”‡ –‘ •Ž‘™ †‘™ ƒ „‹– ƒˆ–‡” –Š‹”–›Ǧˆ‹˜‡ ›‡ƒ”• ‘ –Š‡ Œ‘„Ǥ ˆ–‡” –Š”‡‡‘”ˆ‘—”›‡ƒ”•‘ˆ ‘Šǯ•”‡•—””‡ –‹‰–Š‹•”‡“—‡•–ǡ–Š‡‘ƒ”†‘ˆ ‘˜‡”‘”•ˆ‹ƒŽŽ›–‘‘ƒ –‹‘–‘ƒ “—‹‡• ‡–‘Š‹•”‡“—‡•–ƒ†ƒ’’‘‹– ƒ•— ‡••‘”Ǥ Š‡‡‡–‹‰ƒ–‘–ƒ‡†”ƒ„‡‰ƒƒ’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ–”ƒ•‹–‹‘ˆ”‘ ‘Šǯ• ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ –‘ –Šƒ– ‘ˆ ‘ ‡•‹†ǡ ƒ ‡„‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ƒ† ƒ™‡ŽŽǦŽ‹‡†–”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”ˆ”‘‘”–Šƒ”‘Ž‹ƒǡ™Š‘ Šƒ† ”‡ ‡–Ž›ƒ ‡’–‡†ƒ’‘•‹–‹‘‘–Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–›ƒ–—‡‹˜‡”•‹–› ƒ™  Š‘‘ŽǤ Ž‹‰Š–‘ˆ–Šƒ–Š‹•–‘”‹  Šƒ‰‡ǡ  ‘ ‘ –‡†–Š‡‹†‡ƒ‘ˆ’—––‹‰ –‘‰‡–Š‡” ƒ „‹‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ –”‹„—–‡ –‘ ‘Š ‘ ˜‹†‡‘Ǥ – ™ƒ• ƒ ‰”‡ƒ– ƒ†˜‡–—”‡Ǥ –”ƒ˜‡Ž‡†–‘”„‘”™‹–Šƒˆ‹Ž ”‡™ƒ†™‹–Šƒ”–‹     ͹͹ 

‘„‹•‘‹–‘™ǡƒ†™Š‹Ž‡•‹––‹‰‹–Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‹ Š‹‰ƒŽƒ™ Ž‹„”ƒ”›ǡ –”ƒ ‡†–Š‡Š‹•–‘”›‘ˆ –Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•™‹–Š ‘Šƒ•‘—” ‰—‹†‡Ǥ ƒ–‡”™‡‹–‡”˜‹‡™‡†’ƒ•–’”‡•‹†‡–•ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”‹•‹‰Š–ƒ†–Š‘—‰Š–• ƒ„‘—– ‘Šǯ•Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’ƒ•–Š‡‘”ƒŽ ‘’ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ ƒ––Š‡ʹͲͳͲ‡‡–‹‰‹‘–ƒ‡†”ƒǡ™‡ˆ‡–‡† ‘Š™‹–ŠDz ‘Š‡‡† ‡‡ǡdz ‘’Ž‡–‡™‹–ŠŽƒ’‡Ž„—––‘•ǡ„ƒ‡”•ǡƒ†–Š‡–”‹„—–‡˜‹†‡‘Ǥ ‘Šǯ•™‹ˆ‡‘–ƒ†Š‹•–Š”‡‡†ƒ—‰Š–‡”•™‡”‡ƒŽŽ’”‡•‡––‘Œ‘‹ ‹ –Š‡ ‡Ž‡„”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ –™ƒ•ƒ‡‘”ƒ„Ž‡™‡‡‘ˆˆ—Ǥ ƒ˜‹‰ •‡”˜‡† ƒ• ’”‘‰”ƒ Šƒ‹” ‹ ‘–‡ ‡†”ƒǡ  –Š‘—‰Š–  ™ƒ•‘—–‘ˆ–Š‡™‘‘†•Ǥ—––Š‡„‡‰ƒ–Š‡ Š‘”‡‘ˆ–”›‹‰–‘†‡ ‹†‡ ™Š‡”‡ ™‡ ™‘—Ž† ‡‡– †—”‹‰ › ’”‡•‹†‡–‹ƒŽ ›‡ƒ” ‘ˆ ʹͲͳ͵Ǥ – •‡‡‡†ƒ•–Š‘—‰Š‡ƒ Š›‡ƒ”ǯ• ‘˜‡–‹‘•‹–‡Šƒ†„‡‡„‡––‡”–Šƒ –Š‡Žƒ•–ǡƒ†ƒŽŽ–Š‡‰‘‘†’Žƒ ‡•Šƒ†„‡‡–ƒ‡Ǥ‹ ‹‰ƒ•’‘–ˆ‘”–Š‡ ƒ—ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰™ƒ•‘–ƒ–ƒ• ”‡Ž‹•Š‡†‘”™‡Ž ‘‡†Ǥ ˆƒ –ǡƒ•  ”‡ ƒŽŽǡ ™‡ —Ž–‹ƒ–‡Ž› ™ƒ‹–‡† —–‹Ž –Š‡ ˜‡”› Žƒ•– ‹—–‡ –‘ •‡Ž‡ – ƒ ’”‘’‡”–›Ǥ Šƒ†–Š‘—‰Š–ƒ•‡‰ƒ•™‘—Ž†„‡ˆ—ǡ„—–”‹•Š–Š‘—‰Š–‹– ™‘—Ž†„‡–‘‘„—•›ƒ†™‡‹‰Š–Ž‘•‡’‡‘’Ž‡†—”‹‰–Š‡™‡‡–‘–Š‡ –‡’–ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ•‹ ‹–›ǤŠ‡ –Š‘—‰Š–’‡”Šƒ’•™‡ ‘—Ž†•‡ƒ‹–‘ —„ƒǡ™Š‹ Š™ƒ••–‹ŽŽ‘–‘’‡–‘–”ƒ˜‡Ž„—––Š‡‹†‡ƒ‘ˆƒ‰”‘—’ ‘ˆ Žƒ™›‡”• ˜‹‘Žƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ Žƒ™ ˆ‘” –Š‡‹” ƒ—ƒŽ ‡‡–‹‰ Šƒ† Ž‹––Ž‡ –”ƒ –‹‘Ǥ – –Šƒ– ’‘‹–ǡ ”‡ ‘‰‹œ‹‰ –Šƒ–  ™ƒ• — Š „‡––‡” ƒ– ’”ƒ –‹ ‹‰Žƒ™–Šƒ•‡Ž‡ –‹‰’Žƒ ‡•ˆ‘” ‘˜‡–‹‘•ǡ ’”‡˜ƒ‹Ž‡†—’‘ › ™‹ˆ‡ǡ ”‹•Šǡ ƒ† › ‡Ž†‡•– †ƒ—‰Š–‡”ǡ ƒ”‘Ž›ǡ –‘ ƒ””› ‘—– –Š‡ •‡ƒ” Šˆ‘”ƒƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ —”–Š‹‹‰™ƒ•–Šƒ–™‡™‘—Ž†’—––Š‡Dz‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽdz„ƒ ‹ –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘ ‹‡–›‘ˆƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ—”‹‰››‡ƒ”•‘ˆƒ––‡†‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ—ƒŽ ‡‡–‹‰• ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‘ ‹‡–›ǡ ™‡ Šƒ† ˜‡–—”‡† ‘—–•‹†‡ –Š‡ ‹–‡† –ƒ–‡• ‘Ž› ‘ ‡ǡ –‘ –Š‡ ƒ”‹„„‡ƒ ‹•Žƒ† ‘ˆ ‡˜‹•ǡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‡‡–‹‰ Šƒ‹”‡†„›‹‡”‘„‡”‰‘ˆ‡™ ‡”•‡›Ǥ •ƒ–‹˜‡ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ•ǡ™‡”‡‰—Žƒ”Ž›–”ƒ˜‡Ž‡†–‘‡š‹ ‘ǡƒ†‹ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”ǡ –Š‡ ƒŒƒ ‡‹•—ŽƒǤ Ž–Š‘—‰Š –Š‡ ƒ•– ‘ƒ•– ‘” –Š‡ ƒ”‹„„‡ƒ™ƒ•–Š‡Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡Dz”‘–ƒ–‹‘dz‘ˆ’‘••‹„Ž‡Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘•–‘ Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡ ʹͲͳ͵ ‡‡–‹‰ǡ ™‡ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† ƒ †‹•’‡•ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ™‡”‡ ’‡”‹––‡†–‘•–ƒ›ȋ‘”‡‘”Ž‡••Ȍ‘–Š‡‡•–‘ƒ•–ǡƒ––Š‡„‡ƒ—–‹ˆ—Ž ͹ͺ     

‘—”‡ƒ•‘•—–ƒ‹–ƒ”‡•‘”–ǡ‘”–Š‘ˆ—‡”–ƒƒŽŽƒ”–ƒǤ —–ƒ†‘‡Ž‹Ž‡•™‡”‡‘—”’”‘‰”ƒ Šƒ‹”•ƒ†ƒ†‡ƒ‰”‡ƒ– –‡ƒǤŠ‡‹” ‘‹–‡–ƒ†–ƒŽ‡–•™‡”‡‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›™‡Ž ‘‡™Š‡ ”‹•Š „‡ ƒ‡ ‹ŽŽ ‘‡ ‘–Š „‡ˆ‘”‡ –Š‡ ‡‡–‹‰ ƒ† ™ƒ• —ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ƒ––‡† –Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘Ǥ ‹–Š ”‹•Š •‹†‡Ž‹‡† †—‡ –‘ ‹ŽŽ‡••ǡ › Š‹Ž†”‡ǡ–Š‡‹”•’‘—•‡•ǡƒ†›‰”ƒ† Š‹Ž†”‡’‹– Š‡†‹–‘ƒ‹†‡ƒ• ‘ǦŠ‘•–•Ǥ ™‹ŽŽƒŽ™ƒ›•„‡‹†‡„–‡†–‘›‹†•ƒ”‘Ž›ǡ‡ƒǡ‘‘” ƒ† ‘‹ ƒˆ‘” ˆ‹ŽŽ‹‰ ‹ •‘ ƒ„Ž› ˆ‘” –Š‡‹” ‘Ǥ —– ƒ† ‘‡Ž ‘”‰ƒ‹œ‡† ƒ –‡””‹ˆ‹  ’”‘‰”ƒǤ Š‡ ”‘‘•ǡ ˆ‘‘†ǡ ƒ‡‹–‹‡•ǡ ƒ† Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘™‡”‡„‡––‡”–Šƒ™‡Šƒ†Š‘’‡†ˆ‘”ǤŠ‡™‡ƒ–Š‡”™ƒ••—› ƒ†™ƒ”ǤŠ‡•’‡ƒ‡”•—–•‡Ž‡ –‡†™‡”‡‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰ǡ”‹‰Š–—’–‘ –Š‡ ˆ‹ƒŽ ‡“—‹Žƒ –ƒ•–‹‰ ’”‘˜‹†‡† ‘—”–‡•› ‘ˆ ‘•± —‡”˜‘Ǥ Š‘—‰Š •‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‡‹‘” ‡„‡”• ‡š’”‡••‡† ˆ‡ƒ” ƒ„‘—– –”ƒ˜‡Ž‹‰ –‘ ‡š‹ ‘ǡ ǯ Šƒ’’› –‘ ”‡’‘”– –Šƒ– ‘ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ™‡”‡ ‹†ƒ’’‡† ‘” –ƒ‡Š‘•–ƒ‰‡„›†”—‰ ƒ”–‡Ž•ǡƒŽ–Š‘—‰Šƒ›ƒ˜‘ ƒ†‘•™‡”‡‹Œ—”‡† ‹–Š‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ‰—ƒ ƒ‘Ž‡Ǥ ”‘ ƒ‹‡ –‘ ‹‡ƒ’‘Ž‹•ǡ Š‹ ƒ‰‘ –‘ ‹ƒ‹ǡ Š‘‡‹š –‘ ”‡ƒ– ƒŽŽ•ǡ‡ƒ––Ž‡–‘‡™”Ž‡ƒ•ǡ–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•Šƒ˜‡‰‹˜‡—•–Š‡ ‘’’‘”–—‹–› –‘ ‡‡– ‰”‡ƒ– ’‡‘’Ž‡ ƒ† ƒ‡ –”‡ƒ•—”‡† ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’•Ǥ ‡Ž‘‘ˆ‘”™ƒ”†‡ƒ‰‡”Ž›‡ƒ Š›‡ƒ”–‘–Š‡ƒ—ƒŽ‡ ƒ’‡–ƒ•ƒ ‘’’‘”–—‹–›–‘”‡‡™‘—”•’‹”‹–•ǡ ƒ– Š—’™‹–Š–Š‘•‡™‡Šƒ˜‡‡– †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ›‡ƒ”•ǡ ƒ† •’‡† –‹‡ ™‹–Š ‡™ ‡„‡”• ™Š‘ „”‹‰ ‡‡”‰›ǡ ’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡•ǡ ƒ† ‹†‡ƒ•Ǥ † ‘ ƒ•‹‘ƒŽŽ›ǡ  •–‹ŽŽ ‰‡– –Š‡ Šƒ ‡–‘†—•–‘ˆˆƒ•‡–ƒ”‡–ƒŽ Ž—„•ƒ†•Š‘‘–ƒͳͲ͸Ǥ – Šƒ• „‡‡ •‡˜‡–‡‡ ›‡ƒ”• •‹ ‡ › ‘’‡Ǧ‘—–Š‡†ǡ •–ƒ””›Ǧ ‡›‡†’ƒ”ƒŽ›•‹•™Š‹Ž‡Ž‹•–‡‹‰–‘ ‘‡Ž‘›†‡Ǥ  ƒŠ‘‡•–Ž›•ƒ›–Šƒ– –Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ž‹˜‡•—’–‘™Šƒ–‹–’”‘‹•‡•ǤŠ‡”‡‹•‘ˆ‹‡”‰”‘—’‘ˆ ’‡‘’Ž‡ǡŽ‡–ƒŽ‘‡Žƒ™›‡”•ǡ–Šƒ– ƒ’”‹˜‹Ž‡‰‡†–‘„‡ƒ‡„‡”‘ˆǤ  

FIFTY YEARS . . . AND COUNTING

I THE EARLY DAYS

Craig Spangenberg  Anyone seeking to know the character of the International Society of Barristers mustbegin with a reading of “The Early Days,” an essay by Craig Spangenberg, the Society’s first president. Mr. Spangenberg was present at the Society’s founding and helped set its course. Here is that essay:ͳ  ‘‡ˆ‹ˆ–‡‡›‡ƒ”•ƒ‰‘ƒˆ‡™–”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”•™‡”‡’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‹œ‹‰ǡ ƒ––Š‡‡†‘ˆƒ†ƒ›ǯ• ‘˜‡–‹‘‡‡–‹‰•ǡ‘–Š‡ˆ”ƒ‰‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒ† ƒ–ƒ‰‘‹••‹–Š‡‹”ˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘Ǥ ”‘–Šƒ––ƒŽ ‘ŠŽƒ ’’Ž‡ƒ †‡”‹˜‡† ƒ ‹†‡ƒ ˆ‘” ƒ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ‹† ‘ˆ –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”•ǯ ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™•Š‹’–Šƒ–‹‰Š–‹ŽŽ—‹ƒ–‡ƒ†”‡ˆ—”„‹•Š•‘‡‘Ž†ǡƒ†˜ƒŽ‹†ǡ „—– ‡ƒ”Ǧˆ‘”‰‘––‡ ‹†‡ƒŽ•Ǥ ‡ ’—”•—‡† ‹– ™‹–Š ˆ—”–Š‡” †‹• —••‹‘•ǡ ‘””‡•’‘†‡ ‡ǡ ƒ† ’Š‘‡ ƒŽŽ• ƒ‘‰ Š‹• ˆ”‹‡†•ǡ —–‹Ž –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘ ‹‡–›‘ˆƒ””‹•–‡”•™ƒ•„‘”ǤŠ‹•‹•ƒ„”‹‡ˆŠ‹•–‘”›‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”Ž› †ƒ›• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǡ •‡– †‘™ „‡ˆ‘”‡ –Š‡ Ž‘—†• ‘ˆ –‹‡ ‘„• —”‡ƒŽŽ‡‘”›Ǥ Š‡ˆ‘—†‡”• ‘Š’’Ž‡ƒǡ ‘Š ‡ƒ”‹ǡ—””ƒ›ƒ•ǡƒ† ”ƒ‹‰’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰ƒŽŽŠ‡Ž†–Š‡’”‘ˆ‘—†„‡Ž‹‡ˆ–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ”–ƒ†–Š‡ •‹ŽŽ•‘ˆƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›ƒ”‡—‹˜‡”•ƒŽǡ‘–Ž‹‹–‡†–‘ƒ›ƒ””‘™•’‡ ‹ƒŽ–› ˆ‹‡Ž†ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ˆ—”–Š‡” „‡Ž‹‡ˆ –Šƒ– ƒ ‹†‡’‡†‡–ǡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡‘—•ǡ ƒ† —ˆ‡––‡”‡† –”‹ƒŽ „ƒ” ‹• Œ—•– ƒ• ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ –‘ –Š‡ ’”‡•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ”‹‰Š–•ƒ”‡–Š‡‹ŽŽ‘ˆ‹‰Š–•ƒ†–Š‡‹†‡’‡†‡–Œ—†‹ ‹ƒŽ „”ƒ Š‘ˆ‰‘˜‡”‡–Ǥ 

 ͳǤͳͷ     ʹͺͷȋͳͻͺͲȌǤ

 ͹ͻ ͺͲ     

‹‰Š–• †‘ ‘– ‡š‹•– ‹ ƒ ˜ƒ ——ǡ ‘” ‘ ƒ ›‡ŽŽ‘™‡† •Š‡‡– ‘ˆ ’ƒ” Š‡–Ǥ Š‡› ‡š‹•– ‘Ž› ‹ˆ –Š‡› ƒ „‡ ‡ˆ‘” ‡†Ǥ ˆ‘” ‡‡– †‡’‡†•‘–Š‡‡š‹•–‡ ‡‘ˆ‹•–‹–—–‹‘•™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”‹–›–‘ƒ‡ ƒ†Œ—†‹ ƒ–‹˜‡†‡ ‹•‹‘•ƒ†–Š‡’‘™‡”–‘‡ˆ‘” ‡–Š‡ǤŠ‡–”—•–‘ˆ –Š‡’‡‘’Ž‡ǡ‡‡†‡†–‘•—’’‘”––Š‡ƒ†Œ—†‹ ƒ–‹˜‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘ǡ†‡’‡†• ‘–Š‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ†Œ—†‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ —†‰‡–•—•–Šƒ˜‡‘–‡”‡Ž› –Š‡ƒ’’‡ƒ”ƒ ‡‘ˆŒ—•–‹ ‡ǡ„—––Š‡•—„•–ƒ ‡‘ˆŒ—•–‹ ‡Ǥ ‡ ™‡”‡ ƒŽŽ „‡Ž‹‡˜‡”• ‹ –Š‡ ƒ†˜‡”•ƒ”› •›•–‡ ‹ ™Š‹ Š ™‡ Ž‹˜‡†ƒ†™‘”‡†Ǥ‡™‡”‡ƒŽŽ„‡Ž‹‡˜‡”•‹–Š‡Œ—”›•›•–‡ǡ™‹–Š‹–• ’”‹ ‹’Ž‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ‰”‘—’ †‡ ‹•‹‘ ƒ†‡ „› ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘—‹–›ƒ–Žƒ”‰‡ǡƒˆ–‡” ƒ”‡ˆ—Ž‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„‡•–‡˜‹†‡ ‡ƒ† „‡•– ƒ”‰—‡–• ‘ˆ ‡˜‡”› •‹†‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘–”‘˜‡”•›„—– –Šƒ– •›•–‡ ƒ‘– ™‘” —Ž‡•• ‡ƒ Š ’ƒ”–› –‘ –Š‡ ‘–”‘˜‡”•› Šƒ• ˆ—ŽŽ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘„›ƒ„Ž‡ƒ† ‘’‡–‡– ‘—•‡ŽǤˆƒ‹”–”‹ƒŽ”‡“—‹”‡• ”‡ƒ•‘ƒ„Ž›‡“—ƒŽ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡•‡„‡Ž‹‡ˆ•ƒ”‡–Š‡„ƒ•‹•ˆ‘”–Š‘•‡’—”’‘•‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›•‡– ˆ‘”–Š‹”–‹ Ž‡ ‘ˆ‹–•”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆ  ‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‘ǣ  ʹǤ ‘ ‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡ǡ „› ‡šƒ’Ž‡ ƒ† ‘–Š‡”™‹•‡ǡ –Š‡ ‡–”›‘ˆ›‘—‰‡”Žƒ™›‡”•‹–‘–Š‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽ–›‘ˆƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›Ǣ ͵Ǥ ‘ ‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡ –Š‡ ‘–‹—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ†˜‘ ƒ › —†‡”–Š‡ƒ†˜‡”•ƒ”›•›•–‡Ǣ ͶǤ ‘ ƒ••‹•– ƒ†˜‘ ƒ–‡• ‹ –Š‡ ’‡”ˆ‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‡ Š‹“—‡•‘ˆƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›Ǣ ͷǤ ‘ ‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡ –Š‡ ”‡–‡–‹‘ ‘ˆ –”‹ƒŽ „› Œ—”› ‹ Ž‹–‹‰ƒ–‡† ƒ––‡”• ƒ† –‘ ”‡•‹•– ‹–• —•—”’ƒ–‹‘ „› Žƒ› ƒ”„‹–”ƒ–‘”• ƒ† ‰‘˜‡”‡– –”‹„—ƒŽ• ™Š‹ Š ˆƒ‹Ž –‘ ‰—ƒ”ƒ–‡‡–Š‡„ƒ•‹ ”‹‰Š–•‘ˆ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǥ  Š‡•‡’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•ǡƒŽ‘‡ǡ™‘—Ž†‘–Šƒ˜‡Œ—•–‹ˆ‹‡†–Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ Š‡”‡ ™‡”‡ ƒ ‰”‡ƒ– —„‡” ‘ˆ –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”•ǯ ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘•‹ͳͻ͸ͷ™Š‹ Š™‡”‡’Ž‡†‰‡†–‘‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡ƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›ƒ† –Š‡ ’”‡•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ†˜‡”•ƒ”› •›•–‡ƒ• ƒ ƒ––‡” ‘ˆ •‡ŽˆǦ ‹–‡”‡•–ǡ‹ˆ‘–Š‹‰‡Ž•‡ǤŠƒ–™ƒ•†‹•–—”„‹‰–‘–Š‡ˆ‘—†‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–› ™ƒ• –Š‡ ‹• ‘ ‡’–‹‘ –Šƒ– ƒ ƒ†˜‡”•ƒ”› •›•–‡ ™ƒ• ƒ  ǤǤǤ   ͺͳ

ƒ–ƒ‰‘‹•–•›•–‡ǡ‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡ Žƒ•Š‘ˆ‹†‡ƒ•Šƒ†–‘„‡ƒ– Š‡†„›ƒ Žƒ•Š ‘ˆ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–‹‡•Ǥ Š‹• ƒ› Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ƒ ‘ ‘‹–ƒ– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰”‘™‹‰†‹˜‹•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ”‹–‘•—„•’‡ ‹ƒŽ–‹‡•ǤŠ‡”‡™‡”‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‰”‘—’•ǡ •‡ –‹‘•ǡ ‘” ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ ‹•—”ƒ ‡ ‘—•‡Žǡ ”ƒ‹Ž”‘ƒ† ‘—•‡Žǡƒ˜‹ƒ–‹‘ǡƒ†‹”ƒŽ–›ǡƒ†ƒ–‹–”—•– ‘—•‡Žǡ’Žƒ‹–‹ˆˆ•ǯŽƒ™›‡”• ƒ††‡ˆ‡•‡Žƒ™›‡”•ǡ’”‘•‡ —–‘”•ƒ† ”‹‹ƒŽ†‡ˆ‡•‡Žƒ™›‡”•ǡƒ† ƒ –‹˜‹•–‰”‘—’•’”‘‘–‹‰Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡ Šƒ‰‡•–‘„‡‡ˆ‹––Š‡ Žƒ‹ƒ–ǡ ‘”–Š‡†‡ˆ‡†ƒ–ǡ‘”–Š‡‹•—”‡”ȏǡȐƒ•–Š‡•‡ŽˆǦ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰Š–„‡Ǥ • –Š‡ ‰”‘—’‹‰• ‘ˆ –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”• „‡ ƒ‡ ƒ””‘™‡” ƒ† ƒ””‘™‡”ǡ –Š‡”‡ ™ƒ• ƒ —ˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡ –‡†‡ › ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’ ‹ •‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‰”‘—’•–‘„‡ ‘‡‡“—ƒŽŽ›ƒ””‘™‹‘—–Ž‘‘Ǥ –„‡ ƒ‡ –Š‡ ‘‘’Žƒ ‡ –‘ Š‡ƒ” ƒ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ Š‘””‘” –ƒŽ‡• ƒ• –‘ Š‘™ ”‡’”‡Š‡•‹„Ž‡ ƒ –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”ǡ ‘ –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” •‹†‡ǡ Šƒ† „‡‡Ǥ Š‡ –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ „”‘–Š‡”Š‘‘† ‘ˆ –Š‡ –”‹ƒŽ „ƒ” ™ƒ• „‡ ‘‹‰ ’ƒ––‡”‡† ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡„”‘–Š‡”Š‘‘†‘ˆƒ‹ƒ†„‡ŽǤ Š‡’—„Ž‹ ‹•‘––”ƒ‹‡†–‘†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‡ƒ‘‰–Š‡•’Ž‹–‡”‡† ˆ”ƒ‰‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ”ǡ•‘–Šƒ–•–”‹†‡–†‡— ‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘‡Žƒ™›‡”‘” ‘‡‰”‘—’‘ˆŽƒ™›‡”•‹•Ž‹‡Ž›–‘„‡’‡” ‡‹˜‡†‹–Š‡ ‘—‹–›ƒ• †‡— ‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒŽŽŽƒ™›‡”•ǤŠ‡”‡™ƒ•ƒ‡‡†ǡ–Š‡ˆ‘—†‡”•„‡Ž‹‡˜‡†ǡ ˆ‘” –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”• –‘ ‡„”ƒ ‡ –Š‡‹” ‘‘ ‰”‘—†ǡ –Š‡‹” ‘‘ ‹†‡ƒŽ•ǡ ”ƒ–Š‡” –Šƒ –Š‡‹” †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•Ǥ Š‡ ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ ‹‡–› ‘ˆ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ƒ† ƒŽŽ ‘–Š‡” ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”•Ž‹‡•‹’ƒ”ƒ‰”ƒ’Šͺ‘ˆ”–‹ Ž‡ ‘ˆ–Š‡ ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆ  ‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‘ǣ  ͺǤ ‘ ƒ„‘Ž‹•Š ƒ› ƒ‹‘•‹–› „‡–™‡‡ ‘—•‡Ž ”‡’”‡•‡–‹‰’Žƒ‹–‹ˆˆ•ƒ††‡ˆ‡†ƒ–•ǡƒ†–‘’”‘†— ‡ƒ ”‡ ‘‰‹–‹‘ –Šƒ– ƒŽŽ –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”• ƒ”‡ ƒ†˜‘ ƒ–‡• ˆ—ŽŽ› ”‡’”‡•‡–‹‰–Š‡”‹‰Š–•‘ˆƒŽŽ Ž‹‡–•Ǥ  –ƒ›„‡•—”’”‹•‹‰ǡ–‘‘—”‡™‡”ƒ†›‘—‰‡”‡„‡”•ǡ–‘ Ž‡ƒ” Š‘™ — Š ƒ‹‘•‹–› ™ƒ• ’”‘†— ‡† „› –Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ ‹‡–› ‘ˆ ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ – ™ƒ•ǡ ‘ˆ ‘—”•‡ǡ ƒ Š‘‘”ƒ”› ‘ ‹‡–›†‡•‹‰‡†Dz–‘Š‘‘”–Š‡‰”‡ƒ–ƒ†˜‘ ƒ–‡•‘ˆ–Š‹•‡”ƒ‹‘—”Ž‡‰ƒŽ ͺʹ     

’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘Ǥdz ‡„‡”•Š‹’ ™ƒ• Ž‹‹–‡† –‘ –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”• ™Š‘ ™‡”‡ ”‡‰ƒ”†‡†ƒ•–”—Ž›‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰‹–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›ǤŠ‡”‡ƒ”‡–™‘ ‘–Š‡” ƒŒ‘” •‘ ‹‡–‹‡• †‡•‹‰‡† –‘ Š‘‘” †‹•–‹‰—‹•Š‡† ƒ†˜‘ ƒ–‡•ǡ Š‡ ‡”‹ ƒ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ ‘ˆ ”‹ƒŽ ƒ™›‡”• ƒ† Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ  ƒ†‡› ‘ˆ ”‹ƒŽ ƒ™›‡”•Ǥ ‘–Š ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘• Šƒ† ”‡ƒ•‘ –‘ „‡ ’”‘—† ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” ‡„‡”•Š‹’ ƒ† •–ƒ†‹‰ǡ „—– —ˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡Ž›ǡ „‘–Š ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘• Šƒ† ‡ ‹ Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’ ’‘•‹–‹‘• ™Š‘ ˆ‡Ž– –Šƒ– –Š‡‹” ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ •Š‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡ ‡š Ž—•‹˜‡ ”‹‰Š– –‘ Š‘‘” ‰‘‘†–”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”•Ǥ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‡ƒ†‡”•‹„‘–Š‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘•ƒ†˜‹•‡† –Š‡‹”‡„‡”•–Šƒ–‹–™‘—Ž†„‡ƒ†‹••‡”˜‹ ‡–‘–Š‡‹”’”‹‘”‰”‘—’–‘ Œ‘‹–Š‡‡™•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ ”‡ƒ– ”‡†‹–‹•†—‡–‘‘—”‡ƒ”Ž›‡„‡”•ǡƒ† ‘—”ˆ‹”•–‘ƒ”†‘ˆ‹”‡ –‘”•ǡˆ‘”‹‰‘”‹‰–Šƒ–ƒ†˜‹ ‡ƒ†”‡•‹•–‹‰–Š‡ ’”‡••—”‡Ǥ ‡ ‘ˆ ‘—” ˆ‹”•– •–ƒ–‡ Šƒ‹”‡ ™”‘–‡ –‘ ‘Š ’’Ž‡ƒ ”‡’‘”–‹‰ –Š‡ ’”‡••—”‡ Š‡ ˆ‡Ž– ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ǡ ƒ† •ƒ‹† –Šƒ– Š‡ ™‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ –‘ ”‡•‹‰ ‹ˆ –Š‡”‡ ™‡”‡ ƒ› ”‡ƒŽ ‘ˆŽ‹ – „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ƒ†–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ’’Ž‡ƒ™”‘–‡ƒ„”‹ŽŽ‹ƒ–”‡’Ž›ǡ•ƒ›‹‰–Šƒ– –Š‡”‡ ‘—Ž†‘– ‘ ‡‹˜ƒ„Ž›„‡ƒ ‘ˆŽ‹ –‹ƒ•— Šƒ•–Š‡‘ŽŽ‡‰‡™ƒ• ‘– †‡†‹ ƒ–‡† –‘ †‹• ‘—”ƒ‰‹‰ ƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›ǡ ‘„•–”— –‹‰ –Š‡ ‡–”› ‘ˆ ›‘—‰Žƒ™›‡”•‹–‘–Š‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽ–›‘ˆ–”‹ƒŽǡ†‹‹‹•Š‹‰–Š‡•‹ŽŽ•‘ˆ–”‹ƒŽ ’‡”•—ƒ•‹‘ǡ ƒ„ƒ†‘‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ†˜‡”•ƒ”› •›•–‡ǡ ƒ† ƒ„‘Ž‹•Š‹‰ Œ—”› –”‹ƒŽǤŠ‹•ƒ”‰—‡– ‘˜‹ ‡†–ƒŽ‡›—”•ǡƒ†Š‡„‡ ƒ‡‘‡‘ˆ –Š‡ˆ‹”•–‹”‡ –‘”•Ǥ Š‘‘•‹‰ ƒ ƒ‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‡™ ‰”‘—’ ™ƒ• †‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž–Ǥ Š‡ ‡”‹ ƒ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡‘ˆ”‹ƒŽƒ™›‡”• Žƒ‹‡†–Šƒ–‹–Šƒ†–Š‡‡š Ž—•‹˜‡ ”‹‰Š–ǡ —†‡” –Š‡ Žƒ™ ‘ˆ –”ƒ†‡ ƒ‡• ƒ† —ˆƒ‹” ‘’‡–‹–‹‘ǡ –‘ –Š‡ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆDz‡”‹ ƒdzƒ†Dz”‹ƒŽƒ™›‡”•Ǥdz †‡‡†ǡ‹‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘”‡ „‹œƒ””‡ ƒ† ‹•‰—‹†‡† ƒ•‡• ‹ ‡”‹ ƒ Œ—”‹•’”—†‡ ‡ǡ –Š‡ ‡”‹ ƒ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡‘ˆ”‹ƒŽƒ™›‡”•Šƒ†•—‡†–‘‡Œ‘‹–Š‡‡”‹ ƒ ”‹ƒŽƒ™›‡”•••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘ˆ”‘ ƒŽŽ‹‰‹–•‡ŽˆDz‡”‹ ƒdzƒ†Dz”‹ƒŽ ƒ™›‡”•ǤdzŠ‡ ƒ•‡™ƒ••‡––Ž‡†„›ƒƒ‡ Šƒ‰‡–‘DzŠ‡••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ”‹ƒŽƒ™›‡”•‘ˆ‡”‹ ƒǤdz‹–Š–Šƒ–„ƒ ‰”‘—†‹–™ƒ•‘„˜‹‘—• ™‡ ‘—Ž† ‘– ”‹• –Š‡ ‘ˆˆ‡•‡ ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ‹‰ ‘—”•‡Ž˜‡• Dz”‹ƒŽ ƒ™›‡”•ǡdz ‘” ‘—Ž†™‡„‡Dz†˜‘ ƒ–‡•dz™‹–Š‘—–‘ˆˆ‡†‹‰–Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘ƒ”†‘ˆ  ǤǤǤ   ͺ͵

”‹ƒŽ †˜‘ ƒ–‡•Ǥ ‡ †‡ ‹†‡† ‹– ™‘—Ž† „‡ Ž‡ƒ•– Ž‹‡Ž› –‘ ’”‘†— ‡ †‹••‡•‹‘ ‹ˆ ™‡ ƒŽŽ‡† ‘—”•‡Ž˜‡• Dzƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥdz – ™‘—Ž† „‡ ƒ ƒ‘ƒŽ›–‘Šƒ˜‡‡”‹ ƒ‘”‹–‡†–ƒ–‡•ƒ””‹•–‡”••‘™‡ƒŽ‘•– Šƒ† –‘ „‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǡ ƒ– –Š‡ ”‹• ‘ˆ †‹•–”‡••‹‰ ‘—” ”‹–‹•Š „”‡–Š”‡Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ ™‡ „‡ ƒ‡ ƒ Dz‘ ‹‡–›dz „‡ ƒ—•‡ Dz‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ǡdz Dz ƒ†‡›ǡdz Dz‘ƒ”†ǡdz Dz •–‹–—–‡ǡdz ƒ† Dz ‡†‡”ƒ–‹‘dz ™‡”‡ ™‘”†• ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›‹—•‡Ǥ • –Š‡ •‡•‹–‹˜‡ǡ ’‡” ‡’–‹˜‡ǡ ƒ† Š‹‰ŠŽ› ‹–‡ŽŽ‹‰‡– ”‡ƒ†‡” ‘ˆ –Š‹•Quarterly™‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›†‡†— ‡†ǡ–Šƒ–™‘”†Dz –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽdz ‹ –Š‡ ƒ‡ †‹† ’”‘†— ‡ •‘‡ ”‡•‡–‡– ‹ –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ  ƒ†‡›‘ˆ”‹ƒŽƒ™›‡”•ǡ–Š‡‘”‡•‘„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡›„‡Ž‹‡˜‡†–Š‡› ™‡”‡ •ƒŽŽ‡” ƒ† ‘”‡ •‡Ž‡ –‹˜‡ –Šƒ –Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ǡ ƒ† ™‡”‡ Ž‡•• ’ƒ”–‹•ƒǡ‘”‘”‡„‹Ǧ’ƒ”–‹•ƒǡ–Šƒ–Š‡‘ŽŽ‡‰‡Ǥ Š‘•‡ ‘ˆ —• ™Š‘ ™‡”‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™• ‘ˆ –Š‡  ƒ†‡› ‘„•‡”˜‡†ǡ ‹ “—‹‡– ‡‡–‹‰• ™‹–Š  ƒ†‡› Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’ǡ –Šƒ– –Š‡  ƒ†‡› ™ƒ• ‹†‡‡†„‹Ǧ’ƒ”–‹•ƒǤ –Šƒ†ǡƒ––Šƒ––‹‡ǡƒ—™”‹––‡ —•–‘–Šƒ–‹– ™‘—Ž† •–”— –—”‡ ‹–• ‡„‡”•Š‹’ ™‹–Š ͸ͲΨ ’Žƒ‹–‹ˆˆ•̵ Žƒ™›‡”• ƒ† ͶͲΨ†‡ˆ‡•‡Žƒ™›‡”•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–‘’”‘˜‡‹–•‹’ƒ”–‹ƒŽ‹–›ǡ‹–ƒ””ƒ‰‡† –‘ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‡–Š‡’”‡•‹†‡ ›‡˜‡”››‡ƒ”„‡–™‡‡ƒ’Žƒ‹–‹ˆˆ•ǯ ‹˜‹Ž–”‹ƒŽ •’‡ ‹ƒŽ‹•–ƒ†ƒ†‡ˆ‡•‡ ‹˜‹Ž–”‹ƒŽ•’‡ ‹ƒŽ‹•–ǡŠ‹•†‹•–‹‰—‹•Š‡† –Š‡  ƒ†‡› ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ǡ ™Š‹ Š Šƒ† ‘Ž› ƒ –‘‡ ’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ’Žƒ‹–‹ˆˆ•ǯ ‘—•‡Žƒ†Šƒ†‡˜‡”‡Ž‡ –‡†‘‡–‘–‘’‘ˆˆ‹ ‡Ǥ Š‡‘ ‹‡–›†‹†‘–‹–‡†–‘„‡’ƒ”–‹•ƒǡ„—–‹–†‹†‘–‹–‡† –‘„‡„‹Ǧ’ƒ”–‹•ƒ‡‹–Š‡”Ǥ‡™‡”‡†‡–‡”‹‡†–‘„‡ƒŽŽǦ’ƒ”–‹•ƒǡƒ† –Šƒ–‹•‘”‡–Šƒƒ†‹•–‹ –‹‘Ǥ –‹•ƒƒŒ‘”†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡Ǥ ‡ŽŽ‘™‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–› †‘‡• ‘– –Š‹ ‘ˆ Š‹• „”‘–Š‡”• ƒ• ’Žƒ‹–‹ˆˆ•ǯ Žƒ™›‡”• ‘” †‡ˆ‡•‡Žƒ™›‡”•‘” ‹˜‹ŽŽƒ™›‡”•‘” ”‹‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”•Ǥ‡ƒ”‡•‹’Ž› –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”•Ǥ ‡ †‘ ‘– ”‘–ƒ–‡ ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡• –‘ ”‡ƒ–‡ ƒ ƒ”–‹ˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ Dz„ƒŽƒ ‡ǤdzŠ‡”‡‹•‘–Š‹‰–‘„ƒŽƒ ‡Ǥ †‡‡†ǡ•‘ˆƒ”ƒ•  ƒ•‡‡ǡ‘ ‘‡‡˜‡””—•ˆ‘”‘ˆˆ‹ ‡ǤŠƒ–ǡ–‘‘ǡ‹•ƒ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡Ǥ –•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ††‡† Š‡”‡ǡ™‹–Š†—‡ ”‡†‹––‘–Š‡‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ƒ†–Š‡ ƒ†‡›ǡ–Šƒ–™‹–Š‹–™‘ ›‡ƒ”• –Š‡› Šƒ† ”‡˜‡”•‡† –Š‡‹” ‡ƒ”Ž› ’‘•‹–‹‘•Ǥ ‘‡š‹•–‡ ‡ ‹• ‘™ ’‡ƒ ‡ˆ—ŽǤ ͺͶ     

Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ‘–Š‡” †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•ǡ ‘” †‹•–‹ –‹‘•Ǥ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘•– ‹’‘”–ƒ– ”‹–‡”‹ƒ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒ†‹••‹‘ ‘ˆ ‡™ ‡ŽŽ‘™• ‹• –Šƒ– –Š‡ Žƒ™›‡” Š‘•‡—•–„‡‘‡ƒ –‹˜‡Ž›‡‰ƒ‰‡†‹–Š‡’‡”•‘ƒŽ ‘†— – ‘ˆ ‘–”‘˜‡”–‡† Ž‹–‹‰ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‡ •‡‡ ‘—– –Š‡ ™ƒ””‹‘”• ‘ –Š‡ „ƒ––Ž‡ˆ‹‡Ž†•‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ™ǡ‘––Š‡”‡–‹”‡†‰‡‡”ƒŽ•Ǥ‡„‡”•Š‹’‹•‘– „‡•–‘™‡†‹”‡ ‘‰‹–‹‘‘ˆŠƒ˜‹‰„‡‡ƒ‰”‡ƒ–Žƒ™›‡”ǡ‘”–‘Š‘‘” –Š‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘•‹–‹–Š‡‘ˆˆ‹ ‡ǡƒ “—‹”‡ Ž‹‡–•ǡƒ†ƒƒ‰‡ƒ–‘’ǦˆŽ‹‰Š– –”‹ƒŽ †‡’ƒ”–‡–Ǥ ‡ ™ƒ– –Š‡ „‡•– ’‡”•‘ ‹ –Š‡ –”‹ƒŽ †‡’ƒ”–Ǧ ‡–‹ˆŠ‡‘”•Š‡Šƒ•–‹‡–‘Œ‘‹Ǥ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘–”‘˜‡”•‹ƒŽ ‡„‡”•Š‹’ ”‡“—‹”‡‡–• ™ƒ• –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’”ƒ –‹–‹‘‡” —•– Šƒ˜‡ ƒ Dzƒ˜dz ”ƒ–‹‰ ‹ ƒ”–‹†ƒŽ‡Ǧ —„„‡ŽŽǤ – †‘‡• •‘—† ‘†† –Šƒ– ƒ ‰”‘—’ ‘ˆ Žƒ™›‡”• ™‘—Ž† ƒŽŽ‘™ ƒ ‘—–•‹†‡ ƒ‰‡ ›–‘ƒ••‡”–•‡Ž‡ –‹˜‡ ‘–”‘Ž‘˜‡”ƒ†‹••‹‘•Ǥ †‡ˆ‡•‡‘ˆ–Š‡ •›•–‡ ‹– •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ‘„•‡”˜‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ƒ”–‹†ƒŽ‡ ”ƒ–‹‰• ƒ”‡ ’”‘†— ‡†„›’‘ŽŽ‹‰‘–Š‡”Žƒ™›‡”•ǡƒ† ‘•‹†‡”ƒ„Ž‡”‡Ž‹ƒ ‡ ƒ„‡ ’Žƒ ‡†‘–Š‡‡–Š‹ ƒŽ”ƒ–‹‰•‰‹˜‡„›ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™’”ƒ –‹–‹‘‡”•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ‘„‘†›‹•’‡”ˆ‡ –Ǥ‡”‡ƒŽ‹œ‡†–Šƒ–‹•‘‡ƒ”‡ƒ•Ž‘ ƒŽŒ‡ƒŽ‘—•‹‡•ƒ† ‹•‹†‡” Ž‹“—‡• ‘—Ž††‡›ƒDzƒ˜dz”ƒ–‹‰–‘ƒ™‘”–Š›ƒ††‡•‡”˜‹‰ Žƒ™›‡”ǡ •‘ –Š‡ ˆ‘—†‡”• „—‹Ž– ‹ ƒ ‡• ƒ’‡ Žƒ—•‡Ǥ Š‡ ”ƒ–‹‰ ”‡“—‹”‡‡– ƒ„‡™ƒ‹˜‡†„›–™‘Ǧ–Š‹”†•‘ˆ–Š‡‘ƒ”†‘ˆ ‘˜‡”‘”•Ǥ Š‡”‡‹•‘‡”‡•’‡ –‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡’Žƒ•‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘—†‡”•—––‡”Ž› ˆƒ‹Ž‡†Ǥ ƒ”†‹ƒŽ’”‹ ‹’Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›™ƒ•–Šƒ–‹–‡‡†‡˜‡”Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ‘˜‡–‹‘Ǥ  ͳͻ͸ͷǡ ƒ• ‹ ͳͻͺͲǡ –Š‡”‡ ™‡”‡ •‹’Ž› –‘‘ ƒ› ‡‡–‹‰•Ǥ˜‡”›‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘‡‡–•‹ƒ—ƒŽ ‘˜‡–‹‘•ǡ™‹–‡”‘” •—‡”ǡ ƒ† ƒ› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡‡– •‡‹Ǧƒ—ƒŽŽ› ‹ ‹†Ǧ™‹–‡” ‘” ‹†Ǧ•—‡”ǡ ’Ž—• “—ƒ”–‡”Ž› ”‡‰‹‘ƒŽ•ǡ ’Ž—• ‘”‡ ‡‡–‹‰• ™‹–Š‹ ‘–Š‡” ‘˜‡–‹‘•Ǥ Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ ‹‡–› ‘ˆ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ™ƒ• ˆ‘—†‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ Š‹‰ŠǦ‹†‡† ‹†‡ƒŽ –Šƒ– ™‡ ™‘—Ž† ‡˜‡” ‡‡– ƒ– ƒŽŽ‡š ‡’– ‘ ”ƒ”‡ ‘ ƒ•‹‘• ™Š‡ –Š‡ ’—„Ž‹  ™‡Žˆƒ”‡ ‹‰Š– „‡ •‡”˜‡† „› ƒ ƒ––‡–‹‘Ǧƒ””‡•–‹‰ •‡‹ƒ” ‘ ƒ •—„Œ‡ – ‘ˆ ’”‡••‹‰ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ǤŠ‡ˆ‹”•–•— Š•‡‹ƒ”™ƒ•Š‡Ž†‹Š‹ ƒ‰‘ǡ‹ —‡‘ˆͳͻ͸͸ǡ—†‡”–Š‡Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ ‘†”‡•‹†‡–ǡ—””ƒ› ƒ•Ǥ Š‡ •—„Œ‡ – ™ƒ• Dz‹” ”ƒ•Š‡• ƒ† ‹” ƒˆ‡–›Ǥdz Š‘•‡  ǤǤǤ   ͺͷ

’”‘ ‡‡†‹‰•ƒ”‡”‡ ‘”†‡†‹‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”Ž›Quarterliesȋ‘ŽǤʹǡ‘Ǥ ͶȌƒ†™‹ŽŽ‘–„‡•—ƒ”‹œ‡†Š‡”‡Ǥ’ƒ‡Ž‘ˆ†‹•–‹‰—‹•Š‡†‡š’‡”–• ™ƒ•ƒ••‡„Ž‡†ǡ–‘†‹• —•••ƒˆ‡–›”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘•—”‰‡–Ž›‡‡†‡† –‘”‡†— ‡Ž‘••‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡‹ƒ‹”–”ƒ•’‘”–Ǥ –†‹†•‘‡‰‘‘†Ǥ‡™‡”‡‘– ƒŽ‘‡‘ˆ ‘—”•‡ǡ‹—”‰‹‰ Šƒ‰‡•Ǥƒ›‘–Š‡”‰”‘—’•™‡”‡‡“—ƒŽŽ› ‘ ‡”‡†„—–‘—”™‘”†‹†Š‡Ž’Ǥ  ‘”†‡” –‘ ’”‘‘–‡ –Š‡ •‡‹ƒ”ǡ ”‡•‹†‡– ƒ• ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘ —””‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘ƒ”† ƒŽŽ‡†–Š‡ˆ‹”•–‡‡–‹‰ǡ‘” ‘˜‡–‹‘ǡ‘ˆ –Š‡‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”Ž›‡„‡”•Š‹’ƒ––‡†‡†ǤŠ‡›–Š‘”‘—‰ŠŽ› ‡Œ‘›‡†‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”•ǯ ‘’ƒ›Ǥ—””ƒ›ƒ•ǡƒ––‡’–‹‰–‘ƒƒŽ›œ‡ ™Š› –Š‡”‡ ™ƒ• •— Š Šƒ”‘‹‘—• ƒ† Šƒ’’› ‰‘‘† ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™•Š‹’ǡ ™ƒ• Žƒ–‡”–‘™”‹–‡ǡ  – ˆ‹ƒŽŽ› ‘ —””‡† –‘ ‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ”‡ƒŽ ”‡ƒ•‘ ˆ‘” –Š‡ •—’‡”Žƒ–‹˜‡ “—ƒŽ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‹• ‡‡–‹‰ ™ƒ• –Š‡ •‹’Ž‡ ˆƒ ––Šƒ–Š‡”‡™ƒ•ƒ••‡„Ž‡†ƒ‰”‘—’‘ˆ–‘’ˆŽ‹‰Š––”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”•™Š‘Šƒ†ƒ Š‹‡˜‡†ƒ’‘•‹–‹‘‹‘—”Ž‡‰ƒŽ•‘ ‹‡–› –Šƒ–ƒ†‡‹––‘–ƒŽŽ›—‡ ‡••ƒ”›ˆ‘”ƒ›‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡–‘ †‘ ƒ›–Š‹‰ –Šƒ– ‡˜‡ •—‰‰‡•–‡† ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ƒ‰‰”ƒ†‹œ‡Ǧ ‡–Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ ‹‡–› Šƒ• „‡ ‘‡ ƒ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘—‹“—‡‹–Š‡ƒƒŽ•‘ˆŽ‡‰ƒŽŠ‹•–‘”›Ǥ  – •–‹ŽŽ ‹•„—– ‘™ ‹– ‡‡–•Ǥ Š‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™• ƒ– –Š‡ Š‹ ƒ‰‘ ‡‡–‹‰ ™‡”‡ •‘ †‡Ž‹‰Š–‡† –‘ „‡ ™‹–Š –Š‡‹” „”‘–Š‡”• –Šƒ– –Š‡› ƒ‡†‡† –Š‡ „›Žƒ™• –‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡ ˆ‘” ”‡‰—Žƒ” ‡‡–‹‰•Ǥ —– ‘ˆ •‘‡ Ž‹‰‡”‹‰ ”‡•’‡ – ˆ‘” –Š‡ ™‹•Š‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘—†‡”•ǡ Š‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™• †‡ ‹†‡† –‘ ‡‡– ‡˜‡”› ›‡ƒ”Ǧƒ†ǦƒǦŠƒŽˆǤ Š‹• ‡ƒ– –Š‡› ™‘—Ž† ‘ˆŽ‹ – ™‹–Š ‘–Š‡” ‰”‘—’• ‹ ƒ ™‹–‡” ‡‡–‹‰ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‘ˆŽ‹ – ‡‹‰Š–‡‡ ‘–Š• Žƒ–‡” ™‹–Š †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ‰”‘—’• ‹ ƒ •—‡” ‡‡–‹‰Ǥ Šƒ–’Žƒ†‹†‘–Žƒ•–Ž‘‰ǤŠ‡‡‡–‹‰•™‡”‡•‘™ƒ”ƒ† ”‡™ƒ”†‹‰ ‹ ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’• ˆ‘”‡† –Šƒ– ƒ—ƒŽ ‡‡–‹‰• „‡ ƒ‡ –Š‡ ”—Ž‡Ǥ‘— Šˆ‘”ƒ• ‡–‹ ‹•ǤŠ‹•ˆ‘—†‡””‡ƒ†‹Ž› ‘ ‡†‡•–Šƒ––Š‡ ‡„‡”•Š‹’ ™ƒ• ”‹‰Š–Ǥ ‡ ‡‡–‹‰ ƒ ›‡ƒ” ‘™ •‡‡• Šƒ”†Ž› ͺ͸     

‡‘—‰ŠǤ Š‡ ‡ƒ”Ž› ‰”‘™–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–› ™ƒ• †‡Ž‹„‡”ƒ–‡Ž› •Ž‘™Ǥ ‡ •‡Ž‡ –‡†•–ƒ–‡ Šƒ‹”‡–‘•‘Ž‹ ‹–Ž‹‹–‡†‡„‡”•Š‹’•ǡ‹ ‘”†‡”–‘ ”‡Ž› ‘ ‹–‹ƒ–‡ Ž‘ ƒŽ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡Ǥ Š‡ Šƒ‹”‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡† –Š‡ ”—Ž‡ –Šƒ–‡„‡”•Š‹’™ƒ•‘––‘„‡‘ˆˆ‡”‡†•‹’Ž›–‘”‡™ƒ”†ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’ǡ ‘” –‘ •‡”˜‡ ƒ• ƒ —–—ƒŽ ƒ•‡Ǧ”‡ˆ‡””ƒŽ •‡”˜‹ ‡Ǥ —ƒŽ‹–› ™ƒ• –Š‡ ‡••‡ ‡ǡƒ†‹ ƒ•‡‘ˆ†‘—„–ǡ‹–™ƒ•„‡––‡”–‘†‡Žƒ›–Š‡‹˜‹–ƒ–‹‘–‘ƒ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ›‰‘‘†‡„‡””ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒ”‹••–ƒ”–‹‰‘—–™‹–Šƒ™‡ƒ ‘‡Ǥ ‹–Š‹ ƒ ˆ‡™ ‘–Š• –Š‡”‡ ™ƒ• ƒ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ „ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ •‹š–›Ǧˆ‹˜‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™•ǡ ƒ† ™‹–Š‹ ƒ ›‡ƒ” ‡ƒ”Ž› ʹͲͲǤ ”‘™–Š Šƒ• ‘–‹—‡† ‡˜‡” •‹ ‡ǡ™‹–Š‘—– Šƒ‰‡‹–Š‡•‡Ž‡ –‹‘ ”‹–‡”‹ƒǡƒ†™‹–Š‘—–ƒ•‹‰Ž‡ ”‡‰”‡–Ǥ ‘‰”‘—’‡˜‡”Šƒ†ƒ„‡––‡”„‡‰‹‹‰‘ƒ”†‘ˆ‹”‡ –‘”•–Šƒ ƒš™‡ŽŽ ƒ†‰Ž‡› ‘ˆ ‹ Š‹‰ƒǡ ƒ—Ž ‡”ƒ ‘ˆ ƒ”›Žƒ†ǡ ‘”ƒ ‡ ”‘™ ‘ˆ ‡™ ‡”•‡›ǡ –ƒŽ‡› —”• ‘ˆ ‡™ ƒ’•Š‹”‡ǡ ‘ƒŽ† ‘‡”‘ˆ‹‡•‘–ƒǡ‘ƒŽ† ƒ”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ‡•›Ž˜ƒ‹ƒǡ ‘Š ‡ƒ”‹‘ˆ ”‡‰‘ǡ ‘Š ”ƒ ‘ˆ ƒ•ƒ•ǡ ƒ”•ŠƒŽŽ ‹ŽŽ‡” ‘ˆ ƒ•Š‹‰–‘ǡ ǤǤǡ —‰Š ‹”ƒ Ž‡ ‘ˆ ƒ•Š‹‰–‘ –ƒ–‡ǡ —””ƒ› ƒ• ‘ˆ Ž‘”‹†ƒǡ ” Š  Š‘ Š ‘ˆ ‘”–Š ƒ”‘Ž‹ƒǡ ”ƒ‹‰ ’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰ ‘ˆ Š‹‘ǡ Š‡•–‡” Š‘’•‘‘ˆ ŽŽ‹‘‹•ǡƒ† ‘‡‘ƒŠ‹ŽŽ‘ˆ‡šƒ•Ǥ„‘—–ŠƒŽˆ‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ͳͻ͸ͷ Šƒ˜‡ ’ƒ••‡† ‘ǡ „—– –Š‡‹” ”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘• Šƒ˜‡ •—”˜‹˜‡† –Š‡ƒ†–Š‡‹”™‘””‡ƒ‹•ǤŠ‡›’Žƒ›‡†–Š‡ƒŒ‘””‘Ž‡‹ ”‡ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡‡ƒ”Ž›‡„‡”•Š‹’‘ˆ–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ƒ†‹•Šƒ’‹‰‹–•ˆ—–—”‡’ƒ–ŠǤ ŽŽ™‡”‡ƒ –‹˜‡‹‘–Š‡”‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘•ǡƒ†”‡ƒ‹‡†•‘ǤŠƒ–’‘‹–• —’ƒ‘–Š‡”†‹•–‹ –‹‘–Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘ ‹‡–›‘ˆƒ””‹•–‡”•‹•‘– ƒƒ –‹˜‹•–‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ǡ„—–‹–•‡„‡”•‰‹˜‡—•–‹–‹‰‡ˆˆ‘”––‘–Š‡ ‹’”‘˜‡‡–‘ˆ–Š‡•‡”˜‹ ‡‘ˆŒ—•–‹ ‡–‘–Š‡’‡‘’Ž‡ǡ‹ ‘‹••‹‘ ƒˆ–‡” ‘‹••‹‘ƒ† ‘‹––‡‡ƒˆ–‡” ‘‹––‡‡ǤŠ‡”‡‹•‘Žƒ ‘ˆ ‘’’‘”–—‹–› –‘ •‡”˜‡ ˆ‘” –Š‘•‡ ™Š‘ ƒ”‡ ™‹ŽŽ‹‰ –‘ ‡‡– –Š‡‹” ‘„Ž‹‰ƒ–‹‘•–‘–Š‡’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘™Š‹ Š—”–—”‡•–Š‡Ǥ ‡ ˆ‹ƒŽ †‹•–‹ –‹‘ •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ”‡ ‘”†‡†ǣ Š‡ ˆ‘—†‡”• Šƒ† ‡‘—‰Š ™‹•†‘ǡ ƒ† •‡ŽˆǦ†‹• ‹’Ž‹‡ǡ –‘ ‡‡’ –Š‡‹” Šƒ†• ‘ˆˆ –Š‡ ‘–”‘Ž•‘ˆ–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘–Š‡›•–ƒ”–‡†Ǥ‘–‘‡‡˜‡”ƒ––‡’–‡†–‘  ǤǤǤ   ͺ͹

”‡ƒ–‡ ƒ ’‡”ƒ‡– ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡ǡ ‘” †‘‹‡‡” –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǤŠ‡›‰ƒ˜‡–Š‡ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™•Š‹’–Š‡”‹‰Š––‘ƒŽ‹ˆ‡‘ˆ‹–•‘™Ǥ•ƒ ”‡•—Ž–ǡ–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›Šƒ•ƒŽ™ƒ›•„‡‡˜‹„”ƒ–™‹–Š–Š‡•–”‡‰–Š‘ˆ‹–• ‡™‡„‡”•Š‹’ǡ‡™ ‘˜‡”‘”•ǡƒ†‡™‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”•ǤŠ‡ˆƒ ––Šƒ––Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘ ‹‡–›‘ˆƒ””‹•–‡”•Šƒ•”‡ƒ‹‡†ˆƒ‹–Šˆ—Ž–‘‹–•‡ƒ”Ž› „‡Ž‹‡ˆ•‹•ƒ–”‹„—–‡ǡ‘––‘–Š‡ˆ‘—†‡”•ǡ„—––‘–Š‡˜ƒŽ‹†‹–›‘ˆ –Š‘•‡ ‹†‡ƒŽ•Ǥ † ‹– Šƒ• ™‘”‡†Ǥ ‘‘ ƒ”‘—† ›‘—‹•̵– –Š‡”‡ Ž‡•• ƒ””‘™‡••ǡ Ž‡•• „‹‰‘–”›ǡ ‘”‡ ‘’‡‡••ǡ ‘”‡ ƒ”Ǧ‹Ǧƒ” ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡‡ˆˆ‘”–ˆ‘”–Š‡ ‘‘‰‘‘†‹–Š‡–”‹ƒŽ„ƒ”–‘†ƒ›ǫ ͺͺ     

          ȗȗȗ 

II THE EARLY DAYS: AN APPLEMAN ADDENDUM  ”ƒ‹‰ ’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰ǯ• ‡••ƒ› ƒ‡• –Š‡ ”‹–‹ ƒŽ ’‘‹– –Šƒ– –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•‘ ‹‡–›ƒ”‘•‡‘—–‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘—†‡”•ǯ˜‹•‹‘‘ˆƒˆ‡ŽŽ‘™•Š‹’‘ˆ ƒ†˜‘ ƒ–‡• Š‘•‡ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”‡š ‡ŽŽ‡ ‡™‹–Š‘—–”‡‰ƒ”†–‘–Š‡‹†•‘ˆ Ž‹‡–• –Š‡› ”‡’”‡•‡–‡†Ǥ ‡ †‹† ‘– ’‘‹– ‘—– –Š‡ ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ ˆƒ –ǡ Š‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ˆ‘—” ™Š‘ ™‡”‡ ‹–• — Ž‡—• ™‡”‡ ‹ ‹ ”‘ ‘• ƒ ˆ‘”‡–ƒ•–‡‘ˆ™Šƒ––Š‡‘ ‹‡–›™ƒ•‹–‡†‡†–‘„‡ƒ†Šƒ•„‡ ‘‡Ǥ• ‡–‹‘‡† ‹ –Š‡ ’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰ ‡••ƒ›ǡ –Š‡› ™‡”‡ ‘Š Žƒ ’’Ž‡ƒǡ ‘Š ‘”†‘ ‡ƒ”‹ǡ —””ƒ› ƒ•ǡ ƒ† ”ƒ‹‰ ’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰Ǥ Š‡› ™‡”‡ ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽŽ› †‹˜‡”•‡ǡ ˆ”‘ ŽŽ‹‘‹•ǡ ”‡‰‘ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒǡƒ†Š‹‘ǡ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ—–‘”‡‹’‘”–ƒ–Ž›ǡ‡ƒ Š ™ƒ••–”‘‰Ž›‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†™‹–ŠŠ‹••’‡ ‹‡•‘ˆ’”ƒ –‹ ‡ǡ›‡–‡ƒ Š™ƒ• ’”‡’ƒ”‡† –‘ „ƒ† –‘‰‡–Š‡” ‹ ‡Ž‡„”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”ƒˆ– ƒ† ƒ”– ‘ˆ ƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›™‹–Š‘—–”‡‰ƒ”†–‘–Š‡‰‡‡”ƒŽ‹–‡”‡•–•‘ˆŠ‹• Ž‹‡–•Ǥ ’’Ž‡ƒ ƒ† ‡ƒ”‹ ™‡”‡ ’”‘‹‡– ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‡ˆ‡•‡ „ƒ”ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ ƒ• ƒ† ’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰ ™‡”‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ› ”‡ ‘‰‹œ‡† ƒ• ‡‹‡– ’Žƒ‹–‹ˆˆ•ǯ Žƒ™›‡”•Ǥ ‘ ˆ‘—”•‘‡ ‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ƒ „‡––‡” ‘†‡Ž ˆ‘” –Š‡‹” ˜‹•‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ Žƒ™›‡”• ‘‹––‡† –‘ ‡š ‡ŽŽ‡ ‡ ƒ† Š‘‘” ‹ ƒ†˜‘ ƒ › ™‹–Š‘—– ”‡‰ƒ”† –‘ ’Žƒ‹–‹ˆˆȂ†‡ˆ‡†ƒ–†‹˜‹•‹‘•Ǥ ŽŽ ‡ŽŽ‘™• ‘™ ‘ˆ ”ƒ‹‰ ’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰Ǣ Š‡ ™ƒ• –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• ˆ‹”•– ’”‡•‹†‡– ƒ† ‹–• ‰—‹†‹‰ Ž‹‰Š– ˆ‘” –Š”‡‡ †‡ ƒ†‡•Ǥ ‘Š ’’Ž‡ƒǡ ‘ –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” Šƒ†ǡ Šƒ• —†‡•‡”˜‡†Ž› ˆƒ†‡† ˆ”‘ ‘—” ‘• ‹‘—•‡••Ǥ ‡™ƒ•ƒ’‡”•—ƒ•‹˜‡ƒ†˜‘ ƒ–‡ƒ†ƒ’”‘Ž‹ˆ‹ ƒ—–Š‘”Ǥ ––Š‡–‹‡‘ˆ–Š‡„‹”–Š‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǡŠ‡™ƒ•ƒŽ‡ƒ†‹‰ˆ‹‰—”‡‹ –Š‡ ‡†‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ •—”ƒ ‡‘—•‡ŽǡŠƒ˜‹‰•‡”˜‡†ƒ•‹–•’”‡•‹†‡–ǡ Šƒ†„‡‡‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ†‡›‘ˆ”‹ƒŽƒ™›‡”•ǡƒ† ™ƒ• ƒ—–Š‘” ƒ– ƒ ›‘—‰ ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ†‹‰ ™‘” ‘ ‹•—”ƒ ‡ Žƒ™ ȋInsurance Law and Practice, with FormsʹȌǤ ‡ •—’‡”˜‹•‡† –‘”–  ʹǤ  ǡ  ǡ   ȋͳͻͶͳȌǤ Š‹• –”‡ƒ–‹•‡ǡ –Š”‘—‰Š—Ž–‹’Ž‡‡†‹–‹‘•ǡ„‡‡‹’”‹–‡˜‡”•‹ ‡Ǥ

 ͺͻ ͻͲ     

Ž‹–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” –ƒ–‡ ƒ” •—”ƒ ‡ ‘’ƒ› ‹ –Š‹”–›Ǧ‡‹‰Š– •–ƒ–‡•Ǥ Šƒ– Š‡ ™ƒ• •‘ †‡‡’Ž› ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ †‡ˆ‡•‡ „ƒ” Ž‡– •’‡ ‹ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡ –‘ Š‹• •–”‘‰ ƒ† ”‡’‡ƒ–‡† ‹•‹•–‡ ‡ ‘ Š‘‘”‹‰ ƒ†˜‘ ƒ › ™‹–Š‘—–”‡‰ƒ”†–‘–Š‡‰‡‡”ƒŽ‹–‡”‡•–•‘ˆ‘‡ǯ• Ž‹‡–•Ǥ Š‡”‡ ‘”†•Š‘™•–Šƒ––Š‡Dz‹†‡ƒǡdz–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–ǡ‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”• ™ƒ• ‘Š’’Ž‡ƒǯ•Ǥ͵ ‡”‡ ”—‹–‡†–Š‡ˆ‘—†‡”•ƒ†ˆ‹”•–‡„‡”•ǡ ƒ””ƒ‰‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ƒŽ†‡–ƒ‹Ž•ǡ ”‡ƒ–‡†‹–•Œ‘—”ƒŽǡƒ†’ƒ‹† ‡ƒ”Ž›‡š’‡•‡•‘—–‘ˆŠ‹•‘™’‘ ‡–ǤŽ‹‡’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰ƒ†ƒ•ǡ ˆ‘—†‡”•™Š‘•‡”˜‡†ƒ•–Š‡ˆ‹”•–’”‡•‹†‡–•ǡƒ† ‡ƒ”‹ǡ–Š‡ˆ‘—”–Š ˆ‘—†‡”ǡ™Š‘•‡”˜‡†‘–Š‡ˆ‹”•–‘ƒ”†ǡ’’Ž‡ƒ‡˜‡”Š‡Ž†‘ˆˆ‹ ‡ǡ „‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ‹ŽŽŠ‡ƒŽ–ŠǤ—–Š‹•’ƒ••‹‘ˆ‘”ƒˆ‡ŽŽ‘™•Š‹’‘ˆ‡š ‡ŽŽ‡–ƒ† ‹†‡’‡†‡– ƒ†˜‘ ƒ–‡• ‡˜‡” ˆƒ†‡†Ǣ ‹– ‹ˆ—•‡† –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–› ƒ† ‘–‹—‡•–‘–Š‹•†ƒ›Ǥ •Š‘”–ǡ–Š‡ ‘ ‡’– ƒ‡ˆ”‘ ‘ŠŽƒ’’Ž‡ƒǡ–Š‡†”‹˜‡ –Šƒ–‹•—”‡†‹–••— ‡••™ƒ•’”‘˜‹†‡†„›”ƒ‹‰’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰Ǥ 

 ͵Ǥ ‘”Š‹•–ƒ‡‘–Š‡‡ƒ”Ž›†ƒ›•ǡ•‡‡ ‘ŠŽƒ’’Ž‡ƒǡThe Origin of the International Society of Barristersǡͻ     ͷ ȋͳͻ͹ͶȌǤ 

III MEMBERSHIP CRITERIA AND SIZE

Criteria ”‘ –Š‘•‡ Dz‡ƒ”Ž› †ƒ›•ǡdz –Š‡ ‘”‡ ”‹–‡”‹ƒ ˆ‘” ‡Ž‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ ‡ŽŽ‘™•ͶŠƒ˜‡ „‡‡ –Š”‡‡Ǧˆ‘Ž†ǣ ‡š ‡ŽŽ‡ ‡ ƒ• ƒ ƒ†˜‘ ƒ–‡ǡ —“—‡•Ǧ –‹‘‡† ‹–‡‰”‹–›ǡ ƒ† Dzƒ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ †‹•’‘•‹–‹‘Ǥdz ††‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›ǡ –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ –Š”‡‡ ‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡ ”‡“—‹”‡‡–•ǣ –Š‡ ‘‹‡‡ —•– Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ‹ ƒ –‹˜‡ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡ ‘– Ž‡•• –Šƒ –‡ ›‡ƒ”•ǡ ‘”‡ –Šƒ ŠƒŽˆ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘‹‡‡ǯ•’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ‹ ‘‡—•–„‡†‡”‹˜‡†ˆ”‘Dz ‘–”‘˜‡”–‡† ƒ—•‡•ǡ™‹–Š‡’Šƒ•‹•—’‘–Š‡’‡”•‘ƒŽ ‘†— –„›•ƒ‹†ƒ†˜‘ ƒ–‡‘ˆ Ž‹–‹‰ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡ ‘—”–•ǡdzƒ†–Š‡‘‹‡‡—•–„‡ƒ”ƒDzdz”ƒ–‹‰ ˆ”‘ ƒ”–‹†ƒŽ‡Ǧ —„„‡ŽŽǤ Š‡ ‘ƒ”† Š‘Ž†• ˆ”‡“—‡–ǡ ‡ƒ”‡•– †‹• —••‹‘• ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ ‡ƒ‹‰ ƒ† ƒ†‡“—ƒ › ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‹–‡”‹ƒ ƒ† ƒ„‘—– ™Š‡–Š‡” –Š‡ ‘ƒ”† ‹• ƒ’’Ž›‹‰ –Š‡ ˆƒ‹–Šˆ—ŽŽ›Ǥ š ‡ŽŽ‡– ›‘—‰‡”Žƒ™›‡”•™‹–Š•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ––”‹ƒŽ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ƒ”‡‘™Šƒ”†‡”–‘ ˆ‹†ǡ„—––Š‡›†‘‡š‹•–ǡƒ†–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›‹• ‘‹––‡†–‘ˆ‹†‹‰–Š‡Ǥ  ʹͲͲ͵ǡ –Š‡ ’‘•‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‡„‡”•Š‹’ Šƒ‹” ™ƒ• ”‡ƒ–‡† –‘ ‹’”‘˜‡ –Š‡ –Š‘”‘—‰Š‡•• ƒ† ‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡ › ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡„‡”•Š‹’ ’”‘ ‡••Ǥ ‹ŽŽ ”ƒ› •‡”˜‡† ˆ‘—” ›‡ƒ”• ƒ• –Š‡ ‹‹–‹ƒŽ ƒ’’‘‹–‡‡ƒ†Šƒ•„‡‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†„›‹‡‘”‡Žǡ—–Ž‡†‰‡‹Ž‡•ǡƒ† ‹ŽŽ ‹–Šǡ ƒŽŽ ‰”‡ƒ–Ž› ‹’”‘˜‹‰ –Š‡ ‘‹ƒ–‹‘ ’”‘ ‡•• ƒ† –Š‡ “—ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡‘ƒ”†ǯ•†‹• —••‹‘•‘ˆ‘‹ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ‘‹ƒ–‹‘• ‘‡ˆ”‘ ‡ŽŽ‘™•ǡ™Š‘—†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• †‡ƒ†‹‰ ”‹–‡”‹ƒǡ–Š‡‡ƒ Š‘‹‡‡‹•–Š‘”‘—‰ŠŽ›˜‡––‡†„›–Š‡ ‘ƒ”†Ǥ Š‡ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ •‡ ”‡–ƒ”› ™”‹–‡• Ž‡––‡”• ‘ˆ ‹“—‹”› –‘ Œ—†‰‡• „‡Ž‹‡˜‡† –‘ „‡ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ„Ž‡ ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ ‘‹‡‡ǯ• ’”ƒ –‹ ‡ ƒ† ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ Ž‹ˆ‡Ǥ ‹˜‡ –Š‡ ƒ”‡ ™‹–Š ™Š‹ Š ‘‹ƒ–‹‘• ƒ”‡ ’”‘’‘•‡†ǡ ‹– ‹• —•—”’”‹•‹‰ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ˜ƒ•– ƒŒ‘”‹–› ‘ˆ Œ—†‹ ‹ƒŽ ”‡•’‘•‡•ƒ”‡ˆƒ˜‘”ƒ„Ž‡ǡ„—–•‘‡ƒ”‡Žƒ˜‹•ŠŽ›•‘Ǥ ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡƒˆ‡™ ‡š ‡”’–•ǣ

 ͶǤ‡‰‹‹‰‹ͳͻ͸ͻǡ‡„‡”•™‡”‡†‡•‹‰ƒ–‡†Dz ‡ŽŽ‘™•Ǥdz

 ͻͳ ͻʹ     

 Dz •–ƒ”Ǧ„”‹‰Š–ǡ ƒ’ƒ„Ž‡ ƒ†˜‘ ƒ–‡ ’‡”ˆ‘”‹‰ ƒ– ƒ ‡Ž‹–‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž™‹–Š•–›Ž‡ƒ†‰”ƒ ‡Ǥdz  Dz–—‹‰Ž›‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ǤǤǤǤŽƒ••›Ǥdz  Dz‘”‘—•–ƒŽ‡–ƒ†–”‹ƒŽ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ǤǤǤǤ’ƒ”ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ‹•ǡ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‹ƒŽ‹–›ǡƒ† ‹˜‹Ž‹–›Ǥdz  Dz”—Ž›‡š ‡’–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡˜‡”›’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ™ƒ›Ǥdz  Dz ‡‹•ƒ˜‡”›‰‘‘†‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ™Šƒ–ǯ•”‹‰Š–ƒ†‰‘‘†‹ƒ Žƒ™›‡”Ǥdz  DzŠ‡ ‘‹‡‡ ‘– ‘Ž› ’‘••‡••‡• –Š‡ “—ƒŽ‹–‹‡• ƒ† ˜‹”–—‡••‘—‰Š–ǡŠ‡‡š‡’Ž‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡Ǥdz  ‡Œ—†‰‡•‡‡‡†–‘„‡ƒ––”‹„—–‹‰‹”ƒ —Ž‘—•’‘™‡”•–‘–Š‡ ‘‹‡‡ǣDzXŠƒ•ƒŽ•‘„‡‡‘™–‘Š‡ƒŽ–Š‡„Ž‹†ƒ† ”‹’’Ž‡†Ǥdz—– –Š‡‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘™ƒ•‘”‡—†ƒ‡ǣDz ƒ†‡’‘•‹–‹‘ǡ•Š‡“—‡•–‹‘‡† ƒ™‘ƒ•—ˆˆ‡”‹‰ˆ”‘Š›•–‡”‹ ƒŽ„Ž‹†‡•••‘–Š‘”‘—‰ŠŽ›–Šƒ––Š‡ ™‹–‡••Œ—’‡†ˆ”‘Š‡”™Š‡‡Ž Šƒ‹”ǡ Ž‹„‡†ƒ ”‘••–Š‡–ƒ„Ž‡ƒ† ƒ†˜ƒ ‡† —’‘ X. X •‹’Ž› „ƒ ‡† ƒ™ƒ›ǡ ƒŽŽ› ǮŽ‡––‹‰ –Š‡ ”‡ ‘”† ”‡ˆŽ‡ –ǯ–Šƒ––Š‡ˆ‘”‡”Ž›„Ž‹†ƒ†Žƒ‡™‹–‡••™ƒ•ƒ––ƒ ‹‰Š‡” ™‹–Šƒ•Š‘‡Ǥdz Š‡ • ”‡‡‹‰ ’”‘ ‡•• ƒŽ•‘ ”‡“—‹”‡• –Š‡ •–ƒ–‡ Šƒ‹” –‘ •‡† “—‡•–‹‘ƒ‹”‡•–‘ƒŽŽ ‡ŽŽ‘™•‹–Š‡Œ—”‹•†‹ –‹‘Ǥ ‡”‡ƒ‰ƒ‹ǡ„‡ ƒ—•‡ ‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ”‡–ƒ‡„›–Š‡‘‹ƒ–‘”•ǡ–Š‡”‡•’‘•‡•ƒ”‡‘˜‡”™Š‡ŽǦ ‹‰Ž› •—’’‘”–‹˜‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘‹ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š ƒ ˆ‡™ ƒ”‡ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ •‘‡–‹‡• ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡Ž› •‘Ǥ  ˆƒ˜‘”‹–‡ǣ DzŠ‡ ‘‹‡‡ ‹• ‹†‡‡† ƒ ‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰ –”‹ƒŽ ƒ†˜‘ ƒ–‡Ǣ Š‹• ‹–‡‰”‹–› ‹• —“—‡•–‹‘‡†Ǥ † ‹ˆ  ™‡”‡–‘Ž†„››†‘ –‘”–Šƒ– Šƒ†‘Ž›ƒ™‡‡–‘Ž‹˜‡ǡ ™‘—Ž†™ƒ– –‘•’‡†‹–™‹–ŠŠ‹„‡ ƒ—•‡‹–™‘—Ž†•‡‡Ž‹‡ƒ‡–‡”‹–›Ǥdzͷ  ͷǤ†–Š‡–Š‡”‡‹•–Š‡ƒ’‘ ”›’ŠƒŽ‘‡ǣDz ‡Šƒ•ƒ‡‰‘–Šƒ–™‘—Ž†•—’’‘”–ƒ— Š Žƒ”‰‡”–ƒŽ‡–Ǥdz  ǤǤǤ   ͻ͵

Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‡„‡”•Š‹’ Šƒ‹” ’”‡’ƒ”‡• ƒ ˆ‹Ž‡ ‘•‹•–‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘‹‡‡ǯ• ”‡•—±ǡ ƒ ”‡ ‘”† ‘ˆ –”‹ƒŽ•ǡ ”‡•’‘•‡• ‘ˆ Œ—†‰‡• ƒ† ‡ŽŽ‘™•ǡƒ†–Š‡”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•–ƒ–‡ Šƒ‹”ǡƒ†’”‡•‡–•‹– –‘–Š‡‘ƒ”†‘ˆ ‘˜‡”‘”•ˆ‘”†‹• —••‹‘ƒ†ƒ –‹‘Ǥ

Size Š‡•‹œ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ǯ•‡„‡”•Š‹’‹•ƒ•—„Œ‡ –‘ˆ”‡ —””‹‰ ƒ†Ž‹˜‡Ž›†‹• —••‹‘ǤŠ‡‘–‹‘‘ˆ„”‹‰‹‰–‘‰‡–Š‡”–Š‡˜‡”›„‡•– –”‹ƒŽ ƒ†˜‘ ƒ–‡• ‘—•‡Ž• Ž‹‹–‡† •‹œ‡Ǥ ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ –Š‡ ™ƒ”–Š ‘ˆ ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™•Š‹’ƒ––Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘•‹•‡Šƒ ‡†„›‘†‡•–—„‡”•ǡƒ† ƒ› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘•– †‡•‹”ƒ„Ž‡ ‡‡–‹‰ ˜‡—‡• ƒ‘– ƒ ‘‘†ƒ–‡ Žƒ”‰‡‡‡–‹‰•Ǥ  Š‡ —„‡”• ‘ˆ ‡ŽŽ‘™• ƒ– –‡Ǧ›‡ƒ” ‹–‡”˜ƒŽ• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ƒ• ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣ   –‹˜‡ —†‹ ‹ƒŽ͸ ƒ†‡‹ ͹‡”‹–—•  ͳͻ͸ͷ ͺͺ       ͳͻ͹ͷ ͵ͺͲ ʹͶ  ͺ  ͳͻͺͷ ͷ͸͹ ͵͹ ͸ ͵ͻ  ͳͻͻͷ ͷ͸Ͳ Ͷͳ ͳͲ ͳʹͺ  ʹͲͲͷ͸ͷͷ ͶͶ ͳͲ ͳͷͶ  ʹͲͳͷ ͸ͺͺ Ͷ͵ ͳͳ ͳʹͺ  ‹‹–‹‰ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• •‹œ‡ Šƒ• „‡‡ †‹• —••‡† ƒ– —‡”‘—• ‡‡–‹‰•‘˜‡”–Š‡›‡ƒ”•ǡ„—––Š‡‹••—‡ˆƒ‹Ž‡†–‘ƒ‡‹–•™ƒ›‹–‘–Š‡ ‘ƒ”†ǯ•‹—–‡•—–‹Žͳͻ͹ͻǡ™Š‡”‡‹–™ƒ••–ƒ–‡†ǡDzŠ‡‘ƒ”†Šƒ•Šƒ† ƒ’‘Ž‹ ›ˆ‘”•‡˜‡”ƒŽ›‡ƒ”•‘ˆŽ‹‹–‹‰–‘–ƒŽ‡„‡”•Š‹’‘ˆ–Š‡‘ ‹‡–› –‘ͷͲͲƒ –‹˜‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™•Ǥdz—–ƒ‘–‹‘–‘•‡––Šƒ–—„‡”ƒ•ƒˆ‘”ƒŽ Ž‹‹–ˆƒ‹Ž‡†Ǥ †‡‡†ǡ‘Ž‹‹–‹‰’”‘’‘•ƒŽŠƒ•‡˜‡”’ƒ••‡†ǡ‘–‡˜‡ †—”‹‰–Š‡•‡˜‡–‡‡Ǧ’‡” ‡–•—”‰‡‹‡„‡”•Š‹’‹–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ǯ•  ͸Ǥ ‡ŽŽ‘™• ™Š‘ ‰‘ ‘ –Š‡ „‡ Š „‡ ‘‡ —†‹ ‹ƒŽ ‡ŽŽ‘™• ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹ ƒŽŽ›Ǥ ‹––‹‰ Œ—†‰‡•ƒ”‡‹‡Ž‹‰‹„Ž‡–‘„‡‡Ž‡ –‡† ‡ŽŽ‘™•Ǥ ͹ǤŠ‹• ƒ–‡‰‘”›ˆ‘”–‡ƒ Š‡”•‘ˆƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›™ƒ• ”‡ƒ–‡†‹ͳͻ͹ͺǤ ͻͶ     

ˆ‘—”–Š†‡ ƒ†‡Ǥ •–‡ƒ†ǡ–Š‡ ‘–‹—‹‰†‹• —••‹‘•”‡’‡ƒ–ƒ†”‡’‡ƒ– –Š‡†‡•‹”ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆƒ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž›Ž‹‹–‡†•‹œ‡ǡ™Š‹ Š‘ˆ–‡”‡•—Ž–•‹–Š‡ ‡Ž‡ –‹‘‘ˆˆ‡™‡”‘‹‡‡•ȋƒ†•‘‡–‹‡•†‘‡•‘–ȌǤ  ƒ††‹–‹‘ –‘ ‘ ‡”• ƒ„‘—– ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ •‹œ‡ǡ ‹••—‡•ƒ”‹•‡ ™Š‡ ‡–Š—•‹ƒ•–‹ •–ƒ–‡ Šƒ‹”•’”‘’‘•‡‡Ž‡ –‹‘‘ˆ†‹•’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒ–‡Ž›Žƒ”‰‡ —„‡”• ‘ˆ ‘‹‡‡• ˆ”‘ –Š‡‹” •–ƒ–‡•ǡ Ž‡ƒ†‹‰ –‘ ƒ ‹ˆ‘”ƒŽǡ –‡’‘”ƒ”› DzŠ‘Ž†dz ‹ –Š‘•‡ ’Žƒ ‡•Ǥ ȋ‘‡ ™‹ŽŽ ”‡‡„‡” ‘ Ž‡šƒ†‡”ǯ• ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ ‹•‹•–‡ ‡ –Šƒ– ‹– ™ƒ• †‡ƒ† ™”‘‰ –‘ ’—– „”ƒ‡•‘‡Ž‡ –‹‘‘ˆ‘”‡‡šƒ•‘‹‡‡•„‡ ƒ—•‡ǡŠ‡ƒ‹–ƒ‹‡†ǡ ‘—•–‘Šƒ†•— ŠƒŽƒ”‰‡—„‡”‘ˆ‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰–”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”•ǤȌ 

Diversity National:  –Š‡ „‡‰‹‹‰ǡ –Š‡ –‡” Dz –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽdz ‹ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• ƒ‡ ™ƒ• ‡”‡Ž› ƒ•’‹”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽǡ –Š‡”‡ „‡‹‰ ‘Ž›  ‡„‡”•Ǣƒ†„›–Š‡ˆ‹˜‡Ǧ›‡ƒ”ƒ”ǡ–Š‡”‡™‡”‡‘Ž›ˆ‘—”ƒƒ†‹ƒ ‡ŽŽ‘™•Ǥ —””‡–Ž›ǡ –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ‘”‡ –Šƒ –Š‹”–› ˆ”‘ ƒƒ†ƒǡ ƒ† –Š‡”‡Šƒ•„‡‡ƒƒ†‹ƒ’”‡•‡ ‡‘–Š‡‘ƒ”†‘ˆ ‘˜‡”‘”•ƒŽ‘•– ‘•–ƒ–Ž› •‹ ‡ –Š‡ ‹†ǦͳͻͺͲ•Ǥ – ’”‡•‡– –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ –‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™• ˆ”‘—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒǡ‰Žƒ†ǡ ”‡Žƒ†ǡ‘”–Š‡” ”‡Žƒ†ǡƒ† ‘–Žƒ†Ǥ Geographic: ‘” ”‡ƒ•‘• ‘– ‡–‹”‡Ž› Ž‡ƒ”ǡ –Š‡  ƒ””‹•–‡”• ‡„‡”•Š‹’‹••Ž‹‰Š–Ž›™‡‹‰Š–‡†–‘™ƒ”†–Š‡‹†Ǧ ‘–‹‡–ƒ†–Š‡ ™‡•– ‘ƒ•–Ǣ‘–ƒ› ‡ŽŽ‘™• ‘‡ˆ”‘–Š‡‡ƒ•– ‘ƒ•–ǯ•„‹‰ ‹–‹‡•Ǥ ‡ ‹–”‹‰—‹‰ ˆƒ – ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ ‡ƒ”Ž‹‡•– ‡„‡”• ‹• –Šƒ– •‘ ƒ› ‘ˆ –Š‡™‡”‡ˆ”‘•ƒŽŽƒ†‘†‡”ƒ–‡Ǧ•‹œ‡–‘™•ǡ‘ˆ–‡ ‘—–›•‡ƒ–•Ǥ • –Š‡ ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ Šƒ• Šƒ‰‡†ǡ ‘”‡Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ‡Ž‡ –‡† ˆ”‘ Žƒ”‰‡ ‹–‹‡•ǡ„—––Š‡”‡‹••–‹ŽŽƒ†‡Ž‹‰Š–ˆ—ŽŽ‡ƒ˜‡‘ˆ•ƒŽŽǦ ‹–›’”ƒ –‹–‹‘‡”•Ǥ Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–› Šƒ• ‡˜‡” ƒ†‘’–‡† ƒ •›•–‡ ‘ˆ ‡„‡”•Š‹’ ’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ –‘ ƒ •–ƒ–‡ǯ• ‘” ”‡‰‹‘ǯ• ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ –Š‘—‰Š ‹– Šƒ• ‘ ƒ•‹‘ƒŽŽ›•Ž‘™‡†–Š‡ƒ††‹‰‘ˆ‡„‡”•ˆ”‘•–ƒ–‡•–Šƒ–•‡‡‡† ‰”‡ƒ–Ž›‘—–‘ˆ„ƒŽƒ ‡™‹–Š‘–Š‡”•Ǥ Racial: Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•‘ ‹‡–›ǡŽ‹‡–Š‡Ž‡‰ƒŽ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒ–Žƒ”‰‡ǡ ‹• Ž‡•• ”ƒ ‹ƒŽŽ› †‹˜‡”•‡ –Šƒ ‹– •Š‘—Ž† „‡Ǥ Š‡”‡ Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ƒ†ƒ”‡ Š‹‰ŠŽ› †‹•–‹‰—‹•Š‡† ‹•’ƒ‹  ƒ† ˆ”‹ ƒǦ‡”‹ ƒ ‡ŽŽ‘™•ǡ ™‹–Š  ǤǤǤ   ͻͷ

•‘‡‘–Š‡‘ƒ”†Ǣ„—––Š‡‹”—„‡”•ƒ”‡†‹•ƒ’’‘‹–‹‰Ž›•ƒŽŽǤŠ‡ ‘ƒ”†ǡ ‘–‹—‹‰ –‘ ƒ††”‡•• –Š‡ ‡‡†ǡ –ƒ‡• ‘ ‘ˆ‘”– ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ˆƒ – –Šƒ– ‘–Š‡” –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”•ǯ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘• ƒ”‡ •‹‹Žƒ”Ž› •‹–—ƒ–‡†Ǥ  Gender: Š‡ —Ž–—”‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ƒŽ‡ –”‹ƒŽ „ƒ” ™ƒ• ‹ ˆ—ŽŽ ˆŽ‘™‡” ‹ ͳͻ͸ͷǡƒ–‹‡™Š‡™‘‡‘Ž›ˆ‹”•–„‡‰ƒ–‘ƒ––‡†Žƒ™• Š‘‘Ž‹ ‘–‹ ‡ƒ„Ž‡ —„‡”•Ǥ • ƒ ‘•‡“—‡ ‡ǡ ‡˜‡”› ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”•Šƒ†ˆ‡™‘”‘™‘‡‡„‡”•ƒ––Šƒ––‹‡Ǣ ™ƒ•‘ ‡š ‡’–‹‘ǤŠ‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǯˆ‹”•––™‘™‘‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™•™‡”‡‡Ž‡ –‡†‹ ͳͻͺͳǡƒ†–Š‡‹”—„‡”‘™‡š ‡‡†•ˆ‘”–›Ǥ˜‡”–Š‡•‡Žƒ•––Š‹”–›Ǧˆ‹˜‡ ›‡ƒ”•ǡ –Š‡”‡ Šƒ˜‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ”Ž› „‡‡ ™‘‡ ‘ –Š‡ ‘ƒ”†Ǣ ‘‡ Šƒ• •‡”˜‡†ƒ•’”‡•‹†‡–ǡƒ†ƒ‘–Š‡”‹•Ž‹‡Ž›–‘ˆ‹ŽŽ–Šƒ–’‘•‹–‹‘•Š‘”–Ž›Ǥ •—”’”‹•‹‰Ž›ǡ–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡‘™‘‡‡‡”‹–—• ‡ŽŽ‘™•Ǥ

The Shadow Membership ‘ ƒ ‡š–‡– ƒ– Š‡† ‹ ‘ ‘–Š‡” ‰”‘—’ ‘ˆ Žƒ™›‡”•ǡ –Š‡ •’‘—•‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™• ƒ”‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡† ƒ ‘”‰ƒ‹  ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘Ǥƒ› ‘‡–‘–Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘•ƒ†ƒ––‡†ƒŽŽ’”‘‰”ƒ •‡••‹‘•ǤŠ‡‡™ ‡ŽŽ‘™•ƒ”‡‹†— –‡†ǡ–Š‡‹”•’‘—•‡•ƒ ‘’ƒ› –Š‡ƒ†ƒ”‡ƒ††”‡••‡†ƒ•’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ˆƒ‹Ž›ǤŠ‡•’‘—•‡• ‘ˆ ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”• ƒ –‹˜‡Ž› ƒ••‹•– –Š‡ ‹ –Š‡ †‹• Šƒ”‰‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡•ǡ ƒ† ƒ”‡ ‘ ƒ•‹‘ƒŽŽ› ƒŽŽ‡† —’‘ –‘ ‹–”‘†— ‡ •’‡ƒ‡”•Ǥ Š‡ •’‡ƒ‡”• ƒ”‡ ƒ†‘‹•Š‡† –‘ –ƒ‡ ‹–‘ ƒ ‘—– –Šƒ– –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ‹–‡ŽŽ‹‰‡– ‘Žƒ™›‡”• ‹ –Š‡ ƒ—†‹‡ ‡ ƒ† •Šƒ’‡ –Š‡‹” ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘• ƒ ‘”†‹‰Ž›Ǥ ‡ ƒ—•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” •–‡ƒ†› ƒ† –Š‘—‰Š–ˆ—Ž ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡ƒˆˆƒ‹”•‘ˆ–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ǡ–Š‡•’‘—•‡•ƒ”‡†‡ˆƒ –‘‹ˆ ‘–†‡Œ—”‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǡƒ†–Š‡›ƒ ‘—–ˆ‘”— Š‘ˆ–Š‡™ƒ”–Šƒ† ’‡”•‘ƒŽ’Ž‡ƒ•—”‡‘ˆ‹–•‡‡–‹‰•Ǥ ͻ͸     

          ȗȗȗ   

IV MEETINGS

Conventions Frequency. Ž–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›Šƒ•”‡ƒ‹‡††‡‡’Ž›ˆƒ‹–Šˆ—Ž –‘–Š‡ ‘—†‡”•ǯ ‘‹–‡––‘Š‘‘”‹‰ƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›ƒ†‘– ƒ—•‡•ǡ ‹–ƒŽ‘•–‹‡†‹ƒ–‡Ž›ƒ„ƒ†‘‡†–Š‡‹”’Žƒˆ‘”ƒƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š ”ƒ”‡ ‡‡–‹‰•Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ‡„‡”•ǡ Ž‹‡ –Š‘•‡ –‘†ƒ›ǡ ™‡”‡ ‘– ‘Ž› „—•›–”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”•„—–™‡”‡ƒŽ•‘Š‡ƒ˜‹Ž›‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹†‡ˆ‡†ƒ–•ǯƒ† ’Žƒ‹–‹ˆˆ•ǯ„ƒ”‰”‘—’•ǡƒ†–Š‡‘–Ǧ—”‡ƒ•‘ƒ„Ž‡ƒ••—’–‹‘™ƒ•–Šƒ– –Š‡›™‘—Ž†‘–„‡™‹ŽŽ‹‰–‘ƒ††›‡–‘”‡‡‡–‹‰•–‘–Š‡‹” ”‘™†‡† ƒŽ‡†ƒ”•Ǥ––Š‡ˆ‹”•–‡š‡ —–‹˜‡ ‘‹––‡‡‡‡–‹‰‹–™ƒ•†‡ ‹†‡†–‘ Š‘Ž†‡‡–‹‰•‘Ž›Dz™Š‡–Š‡› ‘—Ž†•‡”˜‡ƒ™‘”–Š›’—”’‘•‡Ǥdz  ͳͻ͸͹ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ‡‡–‹‰ ™ƒ• Š‡Ž† ‹ Š‹ ƒ‰‘ǡ ™‹–Š –Š‹”–›Ǧ •‡˜‡ ”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–•Ǥ Š‡ –Š‡‡ǡ Dz‹” ”ƒ•Š‡• ƒ† ‹” ƒˆ‡–›ǡdz ™ƒ• •—‰‰‡•–‡†„›—””ƒ›ƒ•ǤŠ‡”‡™ƒ•ƒ˜‘–‡–‘‡‡–‡˜‡”›‡‹‰Š–‡‡ ‘–Š•ǡ •‘ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–› ‡š– ‡– ‹ ͳͻ͸ͻ ‹ Š‘‡‹šǡ –‘ †‹• —•• Dz ‹‰Š™ƒ› ƒˆ‡–›Ǥdz   –Š‹”† ‡‡–‹‰ ™ƒ• Š‡Ž† ‹ —‡”–‘ ‹ ‘ ‘Ž›ƒ ›‡ƒ” Žƒ–‡”ǡ –‘ ‘•‹†‡” Dz‘Ǧ ƒ—Ž– —–‘‘„‹Ž‡ Œ—”› ‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘ Žƒ•ǤdzŽ–Š‘—‰Š‘‡‡–‹‰™ƒ•Š‡Ž†‹ͳͻ͹ͳǡƒ’‘ŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™• ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†ƒ–Š”‡‡Ǧ–‘Ǧ‘‡’”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡ˆ‘”ƒ—ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰•Ǥ‘— Šˆ‘” –Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ ’Žƒǣ –Š‡ ͳͻ͹ʹ ‘˜‡–‹‘ ‹ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ „‡‰ƒ ƒ •‡”‹‡•‘ˆ ƒ—ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰•—‹–‡””—’–‡†‹–Š‡•‡Ͷ͵›‡ƒ”••‹ ‡Ǥ Program ContentǤƒ Šƒ””‹•–‡”• ‘˜‡–‹‘‘ˆˆ‡”•ƒ„ƒŽƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘• „› •’‡ƒ‡”• ƒ† ‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒ† ”‡ ”‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡•Ǥ —‡”‘—• ‘‡–• „› ‡ŽŽ‘™• ‡Ž•‡™Š‡”‡ ‹ –Š‹• Œ‘—”ƒŽƒ‡–Š‡’‘‹–•–”‘‰Ž›–Šƒ–ƒ’”‹‡’”‘†— –‘ˆ–Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—• ‘˜‡–‹‘ ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡• ‹• –Š‡ ™ƒ” ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™•Š‹’ –Šƒ– ‘–”‹„—–‡• •‘ †‹”‡ –Ž›–‘ƒ Š‹‡˜‹‰–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ǯ•’—”’‘•‡•Ǥ Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘•’‡ƒ‡”•ƒ”‡ Š‘•‡„›–Šƒ–›‡ƒ”ǯ••‡ ”‡–ƒ”›Ȃ –”‡ƒ•—”‡” ȋƒ• Dz’”‘‰”ƒ Šƒ‹”dzȌ ‹ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ’”‡•‹†‡– ƒ† –›’‹ ƒŽŽ› ”‡ˆŽ‡ – –Š‡ ‹–‡”‡•–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ Šƒ‹”Ǥ Š‡ ‰”‡ƒ– ”‡‰ƒ”† ‹ ™Š‹ Š–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•‹•Š‡Ž†‹••—‰‰‡•–‡†„›–Š‡™‹ŽŽ‹‰‡••‘ˆŠ‹‰ŠŽ›

 ͻ͹ ͻͺ     

†‹•–‹‰—‹•Š‡† ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• –‘ •’‡ƒ ™‹–Š‘—– –Š‡ ’ƒ›‡– ‘ˆ Š‘‘”ƒ”‹ƒ–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ǯ•’”‘–‘ ‘Žˆ”‘‹–•„‡‰‹‹‰Ǥ –Š‡‡ƒ”Ž››‡ƒ”•ǡ–Š‡ƒŒ‘”‹–›‘ˆ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•™‡”‡†‹”‡ –‡† –‘–Š‡ƒ†˜‘ ƒ–‡ǯ•ƒ”–ƒ†–‘„”‘ƒ†‹••—‡•‹–Š‡’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘Ǥ˜‡”–Š‡ ›‡ƒ”•ǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‡•’‡ƒ‡”•ǡ•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘Žƒ™›‡”•ǡŠƒ˜‡†‡ƒŽ– ‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰Ž› ™‹–Š ƒ ˜ƒ•– ”ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ —Ž–—”ƒŽ ƒ† • ‹‡–‹ˆ‹  ‹••—‡• ƒ† ‹•’‹”‹‰‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡•‘ˆ”‡ƒ”ƒ„Ž‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•Ǥ †‡‡†ǡ‹–Šƒ•„‡‡ •—‰‰‡•–‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ”‡ ‡– ‘˜‡–‹‘• ”‡•‡„Ž‡ ƒ Dz‡ƒ‹••ƒ ‡ ‡‡dz ˆ‘” –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”•Ǥ ‘•– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ’—„Ž‹•Š‡† ‹ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• QuarterlyǢ •‡‡ ‡ –‹‘ ǡ Š‡ Quarterlyǡ „‡Ž‘™ǡ ˆ‘” ƒ Ž‹•–‹‰ ‘ˆ –‘’‹ • –Šƒ– •Š‘™ „‘–Š –Š‡ „”‡ƒ†–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†–Š‡‹”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘‘˜‡”–‹‡Ǥ  †‡‡†ǡ –Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘• Šƒ˜‡ „‡ ‘‡ –Š‡ ˜‡”› Š‡ƒ”– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•‘ ‹‡–›ǡ™Š‡”‡–Š‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™•ƒ†–Š‡‹”•’‘—•‡•‰ƒ–Š‡”–‘„‡ ‹ˆ‘”‡†ƒ†‹•’‹”‡†ǡ–‘„‡”‡•–‘”‡†ƒ†”‡‡™‡†ǡƒ†–‘”‡ƒˆˆ‹” ™‹–Š‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”–Š‡‹”•‡•‡‘ˆŠ‹‰Š ƒŽŽ‹‰Ǥ†ˆ‘”•‘‡™Š‘Šƒ˜‡ ‘‡–‘–Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘•ˆ‘”ƒ››‡ƒ”•ǡ–Š‡”‡‹•‘ˆ–‡Ž‹‡‡••–‘ƒ ˆƒ‹Ž›”‡—‹‘Ǥ Convention Sites. Š‡•‡Ž‡ –‹‘‘ˆƒ ‘˜‡–‹‘•‹–‡ǡƒ†‡–Š”‡‡ ›‡ƒ”•‹ƒ†˜ƒ ‡ǡ‹•–Š‡”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‡š’‡ –‡†–‘ „‡’”‡•‹†‡––Šƒ–›‡ƒ”ǡ™‹–Šƒ‹ˆ‘”ƒŽ‡š’‡ –ƒ–‹‘–Šƒ––Š‡”‡™‹ŽŽ „‡ƒ–Š”‡‡Ǧ›‡ƒ””‘–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ•–ǡ‡•–ǡƒ† ƒ™ƒ‹‹Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ‡ ƒ—•‡ ‘ˆ–Šƒ–”‘–ƒ–‹‘ǡ–™‘Ǧ–Š‹”†•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡Š‡Ž†™‡•– ȋ™‡ŽŽ ™‡•–Ȍ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹••‹••‹’’‹Ǥ ‹–Š –Š‡ ‡‡–‹‰• Š‡Ž† ‹ –Š‡ Žƒ–‡ ™‹–‡”ǡ™ƒ”™‡ƒ–Š‡”˜‡—‡•ƒ”‡–Š‡‹˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ Š‘‹ ‡Ǥ ‘” ƒ›ǡ •‹’Ž› ‡–‹‘‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” ‘˜‡–‹‘‡˜‘‡•˜‹˜‹†‡‘”‹‡•ǤŠ‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡Š‡Ž† ‹–Š‡•‡˜‡—‡•ǣ ͳͻ͸͹ Š‡”ƒ–‘ǦŠ‹ ƒ‰‘ ‘–‡ŽǡŠ‹ ƒ‰‘ǡ ŽŽ‹‘‹• ͳͻ͸ͻ ”‹œ‘ƒ‹Ž–‘”‡ǡŠ‘‡‹šǡ”‹œ‘ƒ ͳͻ͹Ͳ Ž‘“—‹•–ƒ†‘”ǡƒ•”‘ƒ„—•ǡ—‡”–‘‹ ‘ ͳͻ͹ʹ ƒ—ƒ‡ƒ‡ƒ Š‡•‘”–ǡƒ—‡Žƒǡ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ ͳͻ͹͵  ƒ’—Ž ‘”‹ ‡••ǡ ƒ’—Ž ‘ǡ‡š‹ ‘  ǤǤǤ   ͻͻ

ͳͻ͹Ͷ ‘Ž›‡•‹ƒ‹ŽŽƒ‰‡ǡƒ‡—‡ƒ‹•–ƒǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ ͳͻ͹ͷ ‡””‘ƒ”‡ƒ Š ‘–‡Žǡ‘”ƒ†‘‡ƒ Šǡ—‡”–‘‹ ‘ ͳͻ͹͸ ƒ—ƒ‡ƒ‡ƒ Š‡•‘”–ǡƒ—‡Žƒǡ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ ͳͻ͹͹ ƒ›‘ ‘–‡ŽǡƒŽ’”‹‰•ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ ͳͻ͹ͺ ‘ ƒƒ–‘ ‘–‡Žǡ‘ ƒƒ–‘ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ ͳͻ͹ͻ ƒ—ƒ‡ƒ‡ƒ Š‡•‘”–ǡƒ—‡Žƒǡ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ ͳͻͺͲ —ŽŽ‡–ƒ›‡ƒ Š ‘–‡Žǡ–Ǥƒƒ”–‡ǡ‡–Š‡”Žƒ†–‹ŽŽ‡• ͳͻͺͳ ƒ‹Ž‡ƒ‡ƒ Š ‘–‡Žǡƒ‹Ž‡ƒǡ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ ͳͻͺʹ ”‹œ‘ƒ‹Ž–‘”‡ǡŠ‘‡‹šǡ”‹œ‘ƒ ͳͻͺ͵ ƒ” ‘‡ƒ Š‡•‘”–ǡƒ” ‘ •Žƒ†ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ ͳͻͺͶ ƒ—ƒ‡ƒ‡ƒ Š‡•‘”–ǡƒ—‡Žƒǡ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ ͳͻͺͷ ”‹œ‘ƒ‹Ž–‘”‡ǡŠ‘‡‹šǡ”‹œ‘ƒ ͳͻͺ͸  ‡ƒ‡‡ˆŽ—„ǡ‡›ƒ”‰‘ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ ͳͻͺ͹ ƒ—ƒ‡ƒ‡ƒ Š‡•‘”–ǡƒ—‡Žƒǡ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ ͳͻͺͺ ‡•–‹ƒƒŽ‘ƒǡ— •‘ǡ”‹œ‘ƒ ͳͻͺͻ ‹–œǦƒ”Ž–‘ƒ’Ž‡•ǡƒ’Ž‡•ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ ͳͻͻͲ ƒ—ƒ‡ƒ‡ƒ Š‡•‘”–ǡƒ—‡Žƒǡ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ ͳͻͻͳ ƒ—‹–ƒ‡•‘”–ƬŽ—„ǡƒ—‹–ƒǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ ͳͻͻʹ  ‡ƒ‡‡ˆŽ—„ǡ‡›ƒ”‰‘ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ ͳͻͻ͵ ‘—”‡ƒ•‘•ƒ—‹ǡƒ‹Ž‡ƒǡ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ ͳͻͻͶ Š‡Š‘‡‹ ‹ƒǡ ‘––•†ƒŽ‡ǡ”‹œ‘ƒ ͳͻͻͷ ›ƒ––‘”ƒ†‘‡ƒ Š‡•‘”–ǡ‘”ƒ†‘ǡ—‡”–‘‹ ‘ ͳͻͻ͸ ‘—”‡ƒ•‘•ƒ—‹ǡƒ‹Ž‡ƒǡ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ ͳͻͻ͹ ‡•–‹ƒƒŽ‘ƒǡ— •‘ǡ”‹œ‘ƒ ͳͻͻͺ ›ƒ––‡‰‡ › ”ƒ†›’”‡••ǡ”Žƒ†‘ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ ͳͻͻͻ ‘—”‡ƒ•‘• —ƒŽƒŽƒǯ‹ǡƒ‹Ž—ƒǦ‘ƒǡ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ ʹͲͲͲ ‘—”‡ƒ•‘•˜‹ƒ”ƒǡƒ”Ž•„ƒ†ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ ʹͲͲͳ ‘—”‡ƒ•‘•‡˜‹•ǡŠƒ”Ž‡•–‘™ǡ‡˜‹•ǡ‡•– †‹‡• ʹͲͲʹ ‘—”‡ƒ•‘• —ƒŽƒŽƒǯ‹ǡƒ‹Ž—ƒǦ‘ƒǡ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ ʹͲͲ͵ ƒ—‹–ƒ‡•‘”–ƬŽ—„ǡƒ—‹–ƒǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ ʹͲͲͶ ‹–œǦƒ”Ž–‘ ‘Žˆ‡•‘”–ǡƒ’Ž‡•ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ ʹͲͲͷ ‘—”‡ƒ•‘• —ƒŽƒŽƒǯ‹ǡƒ‹Ž—ƒǦ‘ƒǡ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ ʹͲͲ͸ ‘—”‡ƒ•‘•”‘‘‘”–Šǡ ‘––•†ƒŽ‡ǡ”‹œ‘ƒ ͳͲͲ     

ʹͲͲ͹ ‘—”‡ƒ•‘•‘•–ƒ‹ ƒǡ‡‹•—Žƒƒ’ƒ‰ƒ›‘ǡ‘•–ƒ‹ ƒ ʹͲͲͺ ‘—”‡ƒ•‘•ƒ—‹ǡƒ‹Ž‡ƒǡ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ ʹͲͲͻ ‘—”‡ƒ•‘•”‘‘‘”–Šǡ ‘––•†ƒŽ‡ǡ”‹œ‘ƒ ʹͲͳͲ ‘–‡‡†”ƒ ƬŽ—„ǡ‘–‡‡†”ƒ‡ƒ Šǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ ʹͲͳͳ ‘—”‡ƒ•‘•ƒƒǯ‹ƒ–ƒ‡Ž‡ƒ›ǡƒƒǯ‹ǡ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ ʹͲͳʹ Š‡‡•‘”–ƒ–‡Ž‹ ƒ ‹ŽŽǡ‡™’‘”–‘ƒ•–ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ ʹͲͳ͵ ‘—”‡ƒ•‘•—–ƒ‹–ƒǡ—–ƒ‹–ƒǡ‡š‹ ‘ ʹͲͳͶ ‘—”‡ƒ•‘•ƒ—‹ǡƒ‹Ž‡ƒǡ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ ʹͲͳͷ ‹–œǦƒ”Ž–‘‡›‹• ƒ›‡ǡ‡›‹• ƒ›‡ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ  Convention Administration.  –Š‡ ‡ƒ”Ž› ›‡ƒ”•ǡ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”•™‡”‡”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡‘–‘Ž›ˆ‘”–Š‡’”‘‰”ƒƒ†–Š‡ƒ ‹ŽŽƒ”› ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ „—– ƒŽ•‘ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ›”‹ƒ† Ž‘‰‹•–‹ ƒŽ –ƒ•• ‘ˆ Š‘Ž†‹‰ƒ ‘˜‡–‹‘ȋƒ†–Š‡”‡™ƒ•‘ˆ–‡ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ„Ž‡•–”‡••‘ƒ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”ǯ• •‡ ”‡–ƒ”‹ƒŽƒ••‹•–ƒ–ȌǤˆ–‡”ƒ–‹‡ǡ–”ƒ˜‡ŽǦƒ†‡‡–‹‰Ǧƒƒ‰‡‡– ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ• ™‡”‡ ”‡–ƒ‹‡† –‘ ƒ†˜‹•‡ –Š‡ ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”• ƒ† –‘ ’‡”ˆ‘” –Š‘•‡–ƒ••ǡ•— Šƒ•Š‘–‡Ž‡‰‘–‹ƒ–‹‘•ǡ‡„‡””‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ǡ‘Ǧ•‹–‡ ƒƒ‰‡‡–ǡˆ‹ƒŽƒ ‘—–‹‰•Ǥ ‘”‘”‡–Šƒ–Š‹”–››‡ƒ”•ǡ”ƒ˜‡ŽƬ ”ƒ•’‘”–ȋƒ†‹–•’”‡†‡ ‡••‘”ǡ‹ ‘Ž‘—”ƒ†”ƒ˜‡ŽȌŠƒ••‡”˜‡† ƒ• –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• ‘˜‡–‹‘ ƒ‰‡–Ǥ ‘—” ”ƒ˜‡Ž Ƭ ”ƒ•’‘”– ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• Šƒ˜‡ ‘–”‹„—–‡† ‡‘”‘—•Ž› –‘ –Š‡ •— ‡•• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡‡–‹‰•ǡ ‘–ƒ„Ž› ‹Ž„—” ȋ‹ŽŽȌ ƒ”Ž‡› ȋƒ••‹•–‡†ǡ ‹ –”—‡ ƒ””‹•–‡” ˆƒ•Š‹‘ǡ„›Š‹•™‹ˆ‡— ›Ȍǡ ƒ›‡‡ ”‹–œǡƒ†›”—’ƒǡƒ†”‡ ‡–Ž› ƒ”‹ ‘Ž‡•ǡ ‡ƒ Š ‘ˆ ™Š‘ Šƒ• •‡”˜‡† –Š‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™• ™‹–Š ‰”‡ƒ– ‡š’‡”–‹•‡ƒ†ƒ™ƒ”ǡ’‡”•‘ƒŽ–‘— ŠǤ

Board of Governors Meetings Š‡ ‘ƒ”† ‘ˆ ‘˜‡”‘”•‡‡–• –™‹ ‡ ›‡ƒ”Ž›ǡ ‘ ‡ †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• ƒ—ƒŽ ‘˜‡–‹‘ ƒ† ƒ‰ƒ‹ †—”‹‰ –Š‡ Žƒ–‡ •—‡”Ǥ – †‡ƒŽ•™‹–Š–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ǯ•„—•‹‡••ƒˆˆƒ‹”•ƒ†’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ ‘ ‡”•ǡ‘ˆ ‘—”•‡ǡ „—– †‡˜‘–‡• ƒ ƒŒ‘” ’‘”–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‹–• –‹‡ –‘ †‹• —••‹‰ ƒ† ƒ –‹‰ ‘ ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™•Š‹’ ‘‹ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• ‘‹ƒ–‹‰ ‘‹––‡‡ǡ ‘•‹•–‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’ƒ•– ’”‡•‹†‡–• ‹ ƒ––‡†ƒ ‡ǡ ‡‡–•  ǤǤǤ   ͳͲͳ

•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ž›ƒ†•—„‹–•ƒŽ‹•–‘ˆ‘‹‡‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡ˆ‘—”‘ˆˆ‹ ‡•ƒ†ˆ‘” –Š‡‡š– Žƒ••‘ˆˆ‹˜‡‰‘˜‡”‘”•ǤȋŠ‡‰‘˜‡”‘”•ƒ”‡‡Ž‡ –‡†„›–Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• ‡„‡”•Š‹’ ƒ– –Š‡ ƒ—ƒŽ ‘˜‡–‹‘Ǣ –Š‡ ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”• ƒ”‡ ‡Ž‡ –‡†„›–Š‡‘ƒ”†ǤȌ Meeting Locationsǣ Š‡ ‘ƒ”† ‡‡–‹‰ •‹–‡ ‹• Š‘•‡ „› –Š‡ ’”‡•‹†‡–ǡ ‘ˆ–‡ ƒ ’Žƒ ‡ ‹ –Š‡ ’”‡•‹†‡–ǯ• •–ƒ–‡ ‘” ƒ ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–›™‹–Š ™Š‹ Š Š‡ ‘” •Š‡ ‹• ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”Ǥ  –Š‡ ‡ƒ”Ž‹‡•– ›‡ƒ”•ǡ ƒ• ‹ –Š‡ ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ ‘˜‡–‹‘•ǡ–Š‡’”‡•‹†‡–ǯ•‘™‘ˆˆ‹ ‡Šƒ†Ž‡†ƒŽŽƒ””ƒ‰‡‡–•ˆ‘” –Š‡‘ƒ”†ǯ••—‡”‡‡–‹‰ǤŠƒ–‡ƒ– Š‘‘•‹‰ƒ† ‘–”ƒ –‹‰ ™‹–Š ƒ Š‘–‡Žǡ ‘–‹ˆ›‹‰ –Š‡ ‘ƒ”† ‡„‡”• ƒ† ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”•ǡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‰ ˆ‡‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡‡˜‡–•ǡƒ†”‡•’‘†‹‰–‘‹‡˜‹–ƒ„Ž‡Ž‘‰‹•–‹ ƒŽ’”‘„Ž‡•Ǥ ‘”‡”‡ ‡–Ž›ǡƒ••‹•–ƒ ‡Šƒ•„‡‡’”‘˜‹†‡†„›”ƒ˜‡ŽƬ”ƒ•’‘”–ǡ ‡–‹‘‡†ƒ„‘˜‡Ǥ Š‡ •—‡” ‘ƒ”† ‡‡–‹‰• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ Š‡Ž† ƒ– –Š‡•‡ Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘•ǣ  š‡ —–‹˜‡‘‹––‡‡ǣƒ›ʹʹǡͳͻ͸͸ Š‹ ƒ‰‘ ͳͻ͸͹Ȃͳͻ͹Ͳ ˆ‘”ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‡š‡ —–‹˜‡‘‹––‡‡ ͳͻ͹ͳ ”‘™ƒŽƒ ‡ ‘–‡Žǡ‡˜‡”ǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘ ͳͻ͹ʹ Š‡”‘ƒ†‘‘”ǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘’”‹‰•ǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘ ͳͻ͹͵ƒ” ‘ •Žƒ† ‘–‡Žǡƒ” ‘ •Žƒ†ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ ͳͻ͹Ͷ‘ ƒ–‹‘—Ž‹•–‡†ǡ‘•–‘ǡƒ••ƒ Š—•‡––• ͳͻ͹ͷ ƒ •‘ƒ‡‘†‰‡ǡ ƒ •‘ƒ‡ǡ›‘‹‰ ͳͻ͹͸ —ƒŽŽ‡›‘†‰‡ǡ—ƒŽŽ‡›ǡ †ƒŠ‘ ͳͻ͹͹ ”ƒ† ‘–‡Žǡƒ ‹ƒ  •Žƒ†ǡ‹ Š‹‰ƒ ͳͻ͹ͺ ƒƒ””‘ ‘–‡Žǡ—”ƒ‰‘ǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘ ͳͻ͹ͻ Š‡ ‘‡•–‡ƒ†ǡ ‘–’”‹‰•ǡ‹”‰‹‹ƒ ͳͻͺͲ Š‡”‘ƒ†‘‘”ǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘’”‹‰•ǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘ ͳͻͺͳ ƒ •‘ƒ‡‘†‰‡ǡ ƒ •‘ ‘Ž‡ǡ›‘‹‰ ͳͻͺʹ ‘—–Šƒ’–‘”‹ ‡••ǡ‘—–Šƒ’–‘ǡ‡”—†ƒ ͳͻͺ͵ ‡•‘”–ƒ–ƒ‡‘„‘Œ‹ǡ‘„‘Œ‹ǡ ‘™ƒ ͳͻͺͶ ‡›•–‘‡‘†‰‡ǡ‡›•–‘‡‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘ ͳͻͺͷ ›ƒ––ƒ‡ƒŠ‘‡‡•‘”–ǡ  Ž‹‡‹ŽŽƒ‰‡ǡ‡˜ƒ†ƒ ͳͲʹ     

ͳͻͺ͸ Š‡ ‘‡•–‡ƒ†ǡ Ž‡”„‘”ǡ‹ Š‹‰ƒ ͳͻͺ͹ ƒ††‡ǯ•‘ —ŽŽƒ‡ǡ”ƒ‹‡”†ǡ‹‡•‘–ƒ ͳͻͺͺ ’”‹‰”‡‡ƒ Šǡ ƒ •‘ǡ›‘‹‰ ͳͻͺͻ Š‡‘†‰‡ƒ–‡„„Ž‡‡ƒ Šǡ‡„„Ž‡‡ƒ ŠǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ ͳͻͻͲ “—‹‘š ‘Žˆ‡•‘”–ǡƒ Š‡•–‡”ǡ‡™ ƒ’•Š‹”‡ ͳͻͻͳ Š‡ ‘‡•–‡ƒ†ǡ ‘–’”‹‰•ǡ‹”‰‹‹ƒ ͳͻͻʹ Š‡‡”‹ ƒŽ—„ǡ‘ŠŽ‡”ǡ‹• ‘•‹ ͳͻͻ͵ ƒ•’‡”ƒ”‘†‰‡ǡ ƒ•’‡”ǡŽ„‡”–ƒǡƒƒ†ƒ ͳͻͻͶ ”‘˜‡ƒ” ǡ•Š‡˜‹ŽŽ‡ǡ‘”–Šƒ”‘Ž‹ƒ ͳͻͻͷ ƒ‘•–ƒ‡•‘”–ǡƒ”Ž•„ƒ†ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ ͳͻͻ͸ Š‡ƒŽ•ƒ•ǡ‹š˜‹ŽŽ‡‘– Šǡ‡™ ƒ’•Š‹”‡ ͳͻͻ͹ —ƒŽŽ‡›‘†‰‡ǡ—ƒŽŽ‡›ǡ †ƒŠ‘  ͳͻͻͺ ‡ƒ ‘Ž‹‘‘†Žƒ†•‡•‘”–ǡ ƒ”‹‰–‘ǡ‡•›Ž˜ƒ‹ƒ ͳͻͻͻ ‘‡ƒŽ’‘ˆƒ‹Žǡƒ‹Žǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘  ʹͲͲͲ Šƒ–‡ƒ—Š‹•–Ž‡”‡•‘”–ǡŠ‹•–Ž‡”ǡ”‹–‹•Š‘Ž—„‹ƒǡ ƒƒ†ƒ ʹͲͲͳ Š‡”‘ƒ†‘‘”ǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘’”‹‰•ǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘  ʹͲͲʹ Š‡‘—–ƒ•Š‹‰–‘ ‘–‡Žǡ”‡––‘‘‘†•ǡ‡™  ƒ’•Š‹”‡ ʹͲͲ͵ ‹Ž˜‡”ƒ†‘‘—–”›Ž—„Ƭ‡•‘”–ǡƒ’ƒǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ ʹͲͲͶ Š‡‘†‰‡ƒ–‡ƒ •Žƒ†ǡ‡ƒ •Žƒ†ǡ ‡‘”‰‹ƒ ʹͲͲͷ ‘—”‡ƒ•‘•ƒ–ƒƒ”„ƒ”ƒǡƒ–ƒƒ”„ƒ”ƒǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ ʹͲͲ͸ ‘—”‡ƒ•‘• ƒ •‘ ‘Ž‡ǡ ƒ •‘ ‘Ž‡ǡ›‘‹‰ ʹͲͲ͹ ‘–‡Ž‡ŽǦ‹”ǡ‘•‰‡Ž‡•ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ ʹͲͲͺ Š‡‘†‰‡ƒ–‘””‡›‹‡•ǡƒ ‘ŽŽƒǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ ʹͲͲͻ —”‹˜‡”‡•‘”–ǡ—”‹˜‡”ǡ”‡‰‘ ʹͲͳͲ –Ǥ‡‰‹•‡‡”ƒŽŽ‡›ǡƒ”‹–›ǡ–ƒŠ ʹͲͳͳ ‡”ƒ”†—•‘†‰‡ǡƒ”‡ŽǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ ʹͲͳʹ ‹–œǦƒ”Ž–‘ǡƒ ”ƒ ‹• ‘ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ ʹͲͳ͵ –Ǥ‡‰‹••’‡ǡ•’‡ǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘ ʹͲͳͶ Š‡ ƒ–ƒŽ‡––‘Ž—ˆˆǡŽ—ˆˆ–‘ǡ‘—–Šƒ”‘Ž‹ƒ 

V THE QUARTERLY  ‘Š ’’Ž‡ƒǯ• ˜‹•‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ ‘’ƒ”–‹•ƒ ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”• ‹ Ž—†‡† ƒŽ•‘ –Š‡ ’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ Œ‘—”ƒŽ ™‹–Š –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ‹†‡’‡†‡–ǡ‘ƒŽ‹‰‡†•’‹”‹–Ǥ ‹•‡‡”‰‡–‹ †”‹˜‡–Šƒ–•’—””‡†–Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›‡š–‡†‡†–‘–Š‡‹‡†‹ƒ–‡‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡–‘ˆ –Š‡QuarterlyǤŠ‡ˆ‹”•–‹••—‡ǡ’—„Ž‹•Š‡†‹ͳͻ͸͸ǡ‘Ž›‘–Š•ƒˆ–‡” –Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ǯ•„‹”–Šǡ‰ƒ˜‡‘–‹ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡”‹‘—•‡••‘ˆ’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡™‡–‡”’”‹•‡Ǣƒ†‹–Šƒ• ‘–‹—‡†–‘–Š‹•†ƒ›‹–Š‡•ƒ‡ˆ‘”ƒ– ™‹–Š‘—–‹••‹‰ƒ‹••—‡Ǥ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ‹–•–‹ŽŽƒ’’‡ƒ”•‹‹–•‹ ‘‹ ”‡†Ǧ ƒ†Ǧ™Š‹–‡ ‘˜‡”Ǥ – ™ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡†ǡ ƒ† ‘– ‘Ž› „› –Š‡ ‡„‡”•Ǣ ”‡ƒ”ƒ„Ž›ǡ –Š‡”‡ ™‡”‡ ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› ˆ‹ˆ–›Ǧˆ‹˜‡ ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ •—„• ”‹„‡”• ȋ’”‹ƒ”‹Ž›Žƒ™Ǧ• Š‘‘ŽŽ‹„”ƒ”‹‡•Ȍƒ•˜‘Ž—‡–™‘™ƒ•’—„Ž‹•Š‡†ǤŠ‡”‡ ƒ”‡ •–‹ŽŽ —‡”‘—• ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ •—„• ”‹„‡”•ǡ „—– –Š‡ ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ ‹ ’—„Ž‹•Š‹‰ Šƒ• Šƒ‰‡† –Š‡ ‘†‡ ‘ˆ †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ –‘ ‘•– ‘ˆ –Š‡Ǥ ‹ŽŽ‹ƒǤ ‡‹Ƭ‘’ƒ›ǡ™Š‹ Šƒ‡•Ž‡‰ƒŽ’‡”‹‘†‹ ƒŽ•ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ‹†‹‰‹–ƒŽˆ‘”ǡŠƒ•–Š‡”‹‰Š––‘”‡’”‹–ƒ††‹•–”‹„—–‡–Š‡QuarterlyǤ ‡ ‘ˆ ‹–• †‹‰‹–ƒŽ ’”‘†— –• ‹• ƒ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ Œ‘—”ƒŽ• ‘ˆ Žƒ™ ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘•ǡ‘ˆ™Š‹ Š–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•‹•‘‡Ǣƒ† ƒŽƒ”‰‡—„‡”‘ˆ Ž‹„”ƒ”‹‡• •—„• ”‹„‡ –‘ –Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘ ƒ† –Š—• Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ‡•• –‘ ‘—” QuarterlyǤ Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‘” Šƒ• •‡”˜‡† ƒ• ‡†‹–‘” ‘ˆ –Š‡ Quarterlyǡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‡š ‡’–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ –™‘Ǧ›‡ƒ” ’‡”‹‘† ™Š‡ –Š‡ ’‘•‹–‹‘•™‡”‡•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ǣ   ͳͻ͸ͷȂͳͻ͹ʹ ‡ƒ’’Ž‡ƒ  ͳͻ͹͵Ȃͳͻ͹ͻ ‹ƒ””‹‰ƒ  ͳͻ͹ͻȂʹͲͲͻ ‘Š‡‡†  ʹͲͳͲȂ  ‘ƒŽ†‡•‹†  —”‹‰ –Š‡ ‡‡† ƒ† ‡•‹† –‡”•ǡ –Š‡ ‡†‹–‘”‹ƒŽ ™‘” Šƒ•

 ͳͲ͵ ͳͲͶ     

„‡‡ †‘‡ ’”‹ƒ”‹Ž› „› –ƒŽ‡–‡† ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ‡†‹–‘”•Ǥ ”‘ ͳͻͺͺ –‘ ʹͲͲͻǡ ƒ”‰‘ ‘‰‡”• ‡••‡” •‡”˜‡† ƒ• ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ‡†‹–‘”Ǥ †‡ƒŽŽ› “—ƒŽ‹ˆ‹‡†ǡ•Š‡Šƒ†„‡‡ƒ‡„‡”‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ›‡–ƒ–‡‹˜‡”•‹–›ƒ™  Š‘‘Žˆƒ —Ž–›ƒ†‹Š‡”•–—†‡–†ƒ›•ƒ– ‡‘”‰‡–‘™‹˜‡”•‹–›ƒ™  Š‘‘Ž•Š‡™ƒ•‡†‹–‘”‹ Š‹‡ˆ‘ˆ‹–•Žƒ™”‡˜‹‡™Ǥ ‡”‡–‹ —Ž‘—• ‡†‹–‹‰‘ˆ‘”‡–Šƒ‡‹‰Š–›‹••—‡•‘ˆ–Š‡Quarterly‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†ƒŠ‹‰Š •–ƒ†ƒ”†‘ˆ‡š ‡ŽŽ‡ ‡ǡ‘ˆ™Š‹ Š–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›‹•Œ—•–Ž›’”‘—†Ǥ ‹ ‡ʹͲͳͲǡ–Š‡’”‹ƒ”›‡†‹–‘”‹ƒŽ™‘”Šƒ•„‡‡†‘‡„› ‘ƒ ‡•ƒ‰ƒ–ǡƒ‡‹‘”‡ –—”‹‰ ‡ŽŽ‘™ƒ–—‡‹˜‡”•‹–› Š‘‘Ž‘ˆ ƒ™ǡ ™Š‘•‡ ”‡†‡–‹ƒŽ• ƒ† ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡• Ž‘•‡Ž› ƒ– Š Š‡” ƒ””‹•–‡”• ’‘”–ˆ‘Ž‹‘ ƒ• •Š‡ ‘–‹—‡• –Š‡ Quarterlyǯ• ’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ ƒ– –Š‡Š‹‰Š‡•–Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ“—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ Š‡‡†‹–‘”•ǯ‘•– ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰–ƒ•‹•‘„–ƒ‹‹‰—•‡ˆ—Žǡ™‘”–Š›ǡ ƒ†‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ˆ‘”’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ•—”’”‹•‹‰Ž›ǡ„—•›–”‹ƒŽǦ Žƒ™›‡”‡„‡”•ƒ”‡‘–ƒˆ‡”–‹Ž‡•‘—” ‡Ǥ–‘‡’‘‹–ǡ–Š‡‘ƒ”†‘ˆ ‘˜‡”‘”•‹•–‹–—–‡†ƒ‹ŽŽǦ„‡‰‘––‡”‡“—‹”‡‡––Šƒ–ƒ‡™ ‡ŽŽ‘™ •—„‹–ƒƒ”–‹ Ž‡ˆ‘”’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š‹–Š‡ˆ‹”•–›‡ƒ”‘ˆ‡„‡”•Š‹’Ǣ ‹‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ǡ –Š‡ ”‡“—‹”‡‡– ™ƒ• “—‹ Ž› ”‡• ‹†‡†Ǥ  ‘ ƒ•‹‘ǡ ‹–‡”‡•–‹‰ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡”‡’”‹–‡†ˆ”‘’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•‘–Ž‹‡Ž› –‘Šƒ˜‡„‡‡•‡‡„›‘•–‘ˆ‘—””‡ƒ†‡”•Ǥˆ‡™˜‘Ž—–‡‡”‡†’‹‡ ‡•ǡ ‘ˆ–‡‡š ‡ŽŽ‡–ǡŠƒ˜‡ ‘‡‹‘˜‡”–Š‡›‡ƒ”•Ǥ—–„›ˆƒ”–Š‡Žƒ”‰‡•– —„‡”‘ˆƒ”–‹ Ž‡•’—„Ž‹•Š‡†Šƒ˜‡„‡‡‡†‹–‡†˜‡”•‹‘•‘ˆ’”‡•‡–ƒǦ –‹‘•ƒ––Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• ‘˜‡–‹‘•Ǥ ––Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰ǡ‘•–ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•™‡”‡—–‹Ž‹–ƒ”‹ƒǡ–Šƒ–‹•–‘•ƒ›ǡ †‡•‹‰‡†–‘Š‡Ž’”‡ƒ†‡”•‘”‡‘”Ž‡••†‹”‡ –Ž›‹–Š‡‹”†ƒ‹Ž›’”ƒ –‹ ‡Ǥ ‡”›“—‹ Ž›ǡ–Š‡Quarterly„‡‰ƒ–‘†‡ƒŽ™‹–ŠŽƒ”‰‡”“—‡•–‹‘•‹–Š‡ ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ǡ ƒ†ǡ ‘”‡ ”‡ ‡–Ž›ǡ ™‹–Š †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–• ‹ ‘—” —Ž–—”‡ǡ „”‘ƒ†‡‹‰ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ†‡” „—– ™‹–Š‘—– †‹”‡ – ‘‡ –‹‘ –‘ –Š‡ ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘–Š‹• Žƒ•–ǡ ‘ˆ ‘—”•‡ǡ –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž– ‘ˆ Š‘‹ ‡ ‘ˆ ‘˜‡–‹‘ •’‡ƒ‡”•Ǥ Ž–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•ƒ”‡‡‹–Š‡” Ž‡ƒ”Ž›†‹•–‹ –‘”–‹‡Ǧ Ž‹‹–‡†ǡ ƒ ”ƒ†‘ •ƒ’Ž‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –Š”‡‡ ‰‡”‡• ™‹ŽŽ •—‰‰‡•– –Š‡ „”‡ƒ†–Š‘ˆƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•’”‡•‡–‡†–‘–Š‡”‡ƒ†‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡Quarterlyǣ  ǤǤǤ   ͳͲͷ

 Utilitarian ‘™— Š •ƒ ‘—•‡™‹ˆ‡‘”–Šǫǡ˜‘ŽǤͳǡ͓ͳȋ–Š‡ˆ‹”•–ǨȌ ‡Ž’‹‰–Š‡Ž‹‡–™‹–ŠŽ ‘Š‘ŽǦ‡Žƒ–‡†”‘„Ž‡•ǡ˜‘ŽǤͺǡ͓ͷ  ’‡ƒ Š‡–™‹–Š”‹‘”ƒ† –•—†‡”–Š‡ ‡†‡”ƒŽ—Ž‡‘ˆ  ˜‹†‡ ‡ǡ˜‘ŽǤͳͳǡ͓ʹ  Š‡ ’ƒ –‘ˆ  ‘‡ƒš‡•‘ƒƒ‰‡•™ƒ”†•‹‡”•‘ƒŽ  Œ—”›”‹ƒŽ•ǡ˜‘ŽǤͳʹǡ͓͵ ••ƒ›‘ —”›”‰—‡–ǡ˜‘ŽǤͳͶǡ͓ʹ  ‡”•—ƒ•‹‘ǣŠ‡†˜‘ ƒ–‡ǯ•”–ǡ˜‘ŽǤʹ͸ǡ͓ʹ  ȏ –Š‡‡ƒ”Ž›˜‘Ž—‡•–Š‡”‡™ƒ•ƒ”‡‰—Žƒ”Dz‡†‹ ƒŽ‘”‡”dz   ™‹–Š‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘—•‡ˆ—Žˆ‘”–”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”•ǤȐ  Issues in the Profession —”›‡”†‹ –•ƒ† –‡”‡•–ƒ–‡•˜‘ŽǤͳǡ͓ͳ —„Ž‹ ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡ˆ‘”–Š‡ —”›˜‘ŽǤʹǡ͓͵  ȏ”–‹ Ž‡•ƒ„‘—––Š‡Œ—”›•›•–‡ ‘•–‹–—–‡ƒ’Ž—”ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆƒŽŽ ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ǤȐ ƒ—Ž–ƒ†‘Ǧ ƒ—Ž–ǡ˜‘ŽǤͷǡ͓Ͷ ȏ‘Ǧˆƒ—Ž–™ƒ•ƒ ‘‘•—„Œ‡ –ˆ‘”•‡˜‡”ƒŽ›‡ƒ”•ǤȐ Š‡‘—”–•ƒ†‘Ž‹–‹ •ǣŠ‡Š‡›‹šƒ†Š‡Š‡›   ‘ǯ–ǡ˜‘ŽǤͳͶǡ͓Ͷ Š‡‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ˜ƒ•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡†˜‘ ƒ ››•–‡ǡ˜‘ŽǤͳ͹ǡ͓͵ ‘‡”‹ƒŽƒ™›‡”•ǣŠ‡—’‡”™‘ƒ›–Šǡ˜‘ŽǤʹʹǡ͓Ͷ  ‹˜‹Ž‹–›‹–Š‡‡‰ƒŽ”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ǡ˜‘ŽǤ͵͸ǡ͓Ͷ Š‡Hamden‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡–‘š‡ —–‹˜‡‘™‡”ƒ†  –Š‡ ‹”•–ƒ”Ǧ”‹‡•”‹ƒŽ‘ˆƒ —ƒ–ƒƒ‘‡–ƒ‹‡‡ǡ  ˜‘ŽǤͶͷǡ͓ʹ  The Larger Culture Š‡ƒ”‹–Š‡Š‹”†‡‹ Šǡ˜‘ŽǤͳͳǡ͓Ͷ  Š‡‘‰ǡ‘‰‘ƒ†–‘ƒ†ˆ”‘‹ƒƒ‡ǡ˜‘ŽǤʹͶǡ͓͵ —†‰‹‰–Š‡”•ǣ ”‘—•‹ –‘‡ƒŽ‹ˆ‡ǡ˜‘ŽǤʹ͹ǡ͓Ͷ ͳͲ͸     

•‡Ž†ƒ•ǣ‡™‹–Š‡ƒ—–›ǡ˜‘ŽǤ͵ͻǡ͓Ͷ  ‘”ƒŽ‹–›ƒ†–Š‡‘ ‹ƒŽ‡Šƒ˜‹‘”‘ˆ—” ‡ŽŽ‘™”‹ƒ–‡•ǡ   ˜‘ŽǤͶ͵ǡ͓Ͷ  Š‡‘‰ƒ†‹†‹‰‘ƒ†ǣŠ‡‡ƒ–Ž‡•ƒ††—Ž–  ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǡ˜‘ŽǤͶͶǡ͓Ͷ  –Š‡” ‹–‡• ‹ –Š‹• –Š‹”† ƒ–‡‰‘”› ”ƒ‰‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ”‹†‹ —Ž‘—• ȋ‘– ”‡ƒŽŽ›Ȍ –‘ –Š‡ •—„Ž‹‡Ǥ ”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘• „› ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ •ƒ–‹”‹•– ƒ† „› •–—†‡–•‘ˆŠ—‘”Šƒ˜‡Ž‹‰Š–‡‡†–Š‡Quarterlyǯ•ˆƒ”‡Ǥ † –Š‡”‡ Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ †‡‡’Ž› ‘˜‹‰ ƒ† ‹•’‹”‹‰ ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•’‘‡–‹  ‡˜‡„›ƒ†ƒ„‘—–Š‡”‘‹ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡ‘–ƒ„Ž› –Š‡•‡ǣ   —”›› ‡ƒ”–ƒ–‘—†‡†‡‡ǡ„› —†‰‡ƒ””‡”„‘ǡ   ˜‘ŽǤͳ͹ǡ͓ʹ •–”‘ƒ—–ǯ•š’‡”‹‡ ‡ǡ„› ‘ŠǤ”‡‹‰Š–‘ǡ˜‘ŽǤʹ͸ǡ͓ʹ ”‹•‘‡”‹‘”–Š‹‡–ƒǡ„›‘”ƒ ƒ††‹•ǡ˜‘ŽǤʹͺǡ͓͵  ‹–Š‡ƒ ‡ǡ‘˜‡ǡƒ† ‘”‰‹˜‡‡••ǡ„›‹Š— ŠƒŠ‹ǡ   ˜‘ŽǤ͵ͻǡ͓ʹȏ ‡”’‹ –—”‡ƒ•ƒ„—”‡†‰‹”ŽˆŽ‡‡‹‰ƒ  ‹‡–ƒƒ’ƒŽƒ––ƒ ™ƒ•†‹•–”‹„—–‡†™‘”Ž†™‹†‡ǤȐ ƒ”‡‹‰Š–›Š‹‰•ǡ„›‘”‹—”†‡ Ž—”‡ǡ˜‘ŽǤͶ͹ǡ͓ʹ  ȏ‘™ƒ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡’”‡•‹†‡–ǡ•Š‡™ƒ•–Š‡ˆ‹”•–™‘ƒ–‘  ”‘™•‘Ž‘ƒ ”‘••–Š‡–Žƒ–‹ ǤȐ  •–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•‘ ‹‡–›‡–‡”•‹–••‹š–Š†‡ ƒ†‡ǡ‹–‹•‘– Ž‡ƒ” ™Šƒ–‹–•Œ‘—”ƒŽ™‹ŽŽŽ‘‘Ž‹‡ˆ‹ˆ–››‡ƒ”•ˆ”‘‘™ǡ‘”‡˜‡–‡Ǥƒ› ‹ˆ ‘– ‘•– ‡ŽŽ‘™• ‘—‹ ƒ–‡ –Š”‘—‰Š •‘ ‹ƒŽ ‡†‹ƒǡ ƒ† Šƒ”† ‘’›‘ˆ–Š‡’”‹–‡†’ƒ‰‡‹•†‡ Ž‹‹‰Ǥ—––Š‡Quarterly‹•‘—”’—„Ž‹  ˆƒ ‡ƒ†•‡”˜‡•ƒ•ƒ”‡‰—Žƒ”ƒ†–ƒ‰‹„Ž‡”‡‹†‡”‘ˆ –Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• ˜‹•‹‘ƒ†’—”’‘•‡•Ǥ—”‡Ž›ǡ‹•‘‡ˆ‘”ǡ‹–™‹ŽŽ ‘–‹—‡‹–•‹••‹‘ ˆ‘”›‡ƒ”•–‘ ‘‡Ǥ 

VI THE FOUNDATION  Š”‘—‰Š ‹–• ˆ‹ˆ–›Ǧ›‡ƒ” Š‹•–‘”›ǡ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–› Šƒ• ”‡’‡ƒ–‡†Ž› †‡ Ž‹‡†–‘‡‰ƒ‰‡‹’”‘Œ‡ –•‘ˆ‹–•‘™–‘ ƒ””›‘—–‹–•’—”’‘•‡•ǡ‹ ’ƒ”– „‡ ƒ—•‡ ‹– Žƒ • –Š‡ ‡ ‡••ƒ”› ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ •–”— –—”‡ ƒ† ˆ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ ”‡•‘—” ‡•ǡ ‹ ’ƒ”– –‘ ƒ˜‘‹† –Š‡ †‹˜‹•‹˜‡‡•• ‹Š‡”‡–‹ •‘‡ ‡†‡ƒ˜‘”•ǡ „—– ’”‹ƒ”‹Ž› „‡ ƒ—•‡ ‹– ’”‡ˆ‡”• –‘ ƒ††”‡•• –Š‡•‡ ‰‘ƒŽ•–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽƒ†’‡”•‘ƒŽ‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ‹–•‡„‡”•Ǥ Š‡‘ ‹‡–›Šƒ•”‡’‡ƒ–‡†Ž›„‡‡ƒ•‡†–‘‘—–‘”Œ‘‹‘˜‡‡–• ƒ††”‡••‹‰ ƒ––‡”• ‘ˆ ‘ ‡” –‘ –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”•ǡ „—– –Š‡ ˆ‹” ƒ† ‘•‹•–‡– ”‡•’‘•‡ Šƒ• „‡‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ‹• ‘– ƒ Ž‘„„›‹‰ ‰”‘—’ƒ††‘‡•‘–Œ‘‹‹ ‘ ‡”–‡†‡ˆˆ‘”–•‹–Š‘•‡ƒ”‡ƒ•Ǥͺ •–‡ƒ†ǡ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• ‘†‡ ‘ˆ ƒ””›‹‰ ‘—– ‹–• ’—”’‘•‡• Šƒ• „‡‡ –™‘Ǧˆ‘Ž†ǣ ˆ‹”•– ȋƒ• †‡• ”‹„‡† ƒ„‘˜‡Ȍǡ –Š”‘—‰Š ‹•’‹”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡‡–‘ˆ‹–•‡„‡”•–‘„‡‡š‡’Žƒ”•‘ˆ–Š‡Š‹‰Š‡•–Ž‡˜‡Ž• ‘ˆ •‹ŽŽ ƒ† Šƒ”ƒ –‡” ƒ† ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ™ƒ”–ŠǢ ƒ† •‡ ‘†ǡ –Š”‘—‰Š ‰”ƒ–•–‘‡–‹–‹‡•ˆ‘”ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ†’”‘Œ‡ –•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡ƒŽ‹‰‡†™‹–Š‘‡ ‘”‘”‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǯ•–ƒ–‡†’—”’‘•‡•Ǥ † ‹ ʹͲͲʹǡ ƒ– –Š‡ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘ˆ ˆ‘”‡” ’”‡•‹†‡– ›”‘ ”‘„‡”‰ǡ–Š‡‘ ‹‡–› ”‡ƒ–‡†–Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘ ‹‡–›‘ˆƒ””‹•–‡”• ‘—†ƒ–‹‘–‘‡Žƒ”‰‡–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ǯ•ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘ˆ—†’”‘‰”ƒ•–Šƒ–ˆƒŽŽ ™‹–Š‹‹–• Šƒ”‰‡ǤŠ‡ ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ǯ•’—”’‘•‡•ƒ”‡•–ƒ–‡†‹–Š‡•ƒ‡ –‡”•ƒ•–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ǯ•ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‹‰”‡–‡–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ†˜‡”•ƒ”› •›•–‡ƒ†–”‹ƒŽ„›Œ—”›Ȍǡƒ†–Š‡ ‘—†ƒ–‹‘‘ƒ”† ‘•–ƒ–Ž›•‡‡• –Š‡‘•–’”‘†— –‹˜‡‡ƒ•‘ˆƒ Š‹‡˜‹‰–Š‘•‡’—”’‘•‡•Ǥ ‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ƒ”‡‹˜‹–‡†–‘ ‘–”‹„—–‡”‡‰—Žƒ”Ž›–‘ –Š‡ ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ǡ ™Š‹ Š Šƒ• Šƒ”‹–ƒ„Ž‡ •–ƒ–—• ˆ‘” –ƒš ’—”’‘•‡•ǡ „—– ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ› –‘ ƒ‡ ‰‹ˆ–• ‘‡‘”ƒ–‹‰ †‡ ‡ƒ•‡† ‡ŽŽ‘™•Ǥ Š‡

 ͺǤ Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–› ”‡•’‘†• ƒˆˆ‹”ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›ǡ Š‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –‘ ‹˜‹–ƒ–‹‘• –‘ Šƒ˜‡ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒǦ –‹˜‡• ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡ ‹ ‡‡–‹‰• ƒŽŽ‡† –‘ †‹• —•• –Š‘•‡ ƒ––‡”•Ǥ ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ –Š‡ ’”‡•‹†‡– ‘ˆ ƒ †‡Ž‡‰ƒ–‡ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡• ‹ –Š‡ ‡‡–‹‰• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡”‹ ƒ ‹˜‹Ž ”‹ƒŽ ‘—†–ƒ„Ž‡ǡ™Š‹ Š‰ƒ–Š‡”•–‘‰‡–Š‡”–Š‡Ž‡ƒ†‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•–”‹ƒŽ‰”‘—’•Ǥ

 ͳͲ͹ ͳͲͺ     

‘ ‹‡–›‹–•‡Žˆ ‘–‹—‡•–‘ƒ‡•—„•–ƒ–‹ƒŽ‰”ƒ–•ǡƒ•ˆ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ–‘  ǡ„—–‹–‘™†‘‡••‘–Š”‘—‰Š ‘–”‹„—–‹‘•–‘–Š‡ ‘—†ƒ–‹‘Ǥ– –Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰‘ˆʹͲͳͷǡ–Š‡ ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ǯ•ƒ••‡–•‡š ‡‡†‡†̈́ͷͲͲǡͲͲͲǤ Š‡ ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ ‘ƒ”† Ž‘‘• –‘™ƒ”† ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‹‰ ƒ ‡†‘™‡– Žƒ”‰‡ ‡‘—‰Š –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‹ ‘‡ ‹– ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡•ǡ –‘‰‡–Š‡” ™‹–Š —””‡– ‰‹˜‹‰ǡ ™‹ŽŽ •–ƒ„‹Ž‹œ‡ ‹–• •—’’‘”– ‘ˆ ‘‰ƒ–‡ ‡–‹–‹‡• •— Š ƒ• –Š‘•‡ Ž‹•–‡†‹–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰’ƒ”ƒ‰”ƒ’Š•Ǥ Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǯˆ‹”•–‘‡–ƒ”› ‘–”‹„—–‹‘™ƒ•ƒ̈́ͷͲͲͲ‰”ƒ– ‹•—’’‘”–‘ˆ–Š‡‹ƒ—‰—”ƒŽ•‡••‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ •–‹–—–‡ˆ‘””‹ƒŽ †˜‘ ƒ ›ǡŠ‡Ž†‹ͳͻ͹ʹǤŠ‡‘ ‹‡–›ǯ•ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‘”ƒ––Šƒ––‹‡™ƒ• ‹ ƒ””‹‰ƒǡ ™Š‘ ™ƒ• †‡‡’Ž› ‹˜‘Ž˜‡† ‹ Žƒ— Š‹‰ –Š‡ •–‹–—–‡ǡ ƒ†–Š‡‰”ƒ–”‡ˆŽ‡ –‡†Š‹•‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ǤŠ‡‘ ‹‡–›Šƒ• ‘–‹—‡† ‹–• •—’’‘”–‘ˆ ˜‹”–—ƒŽŽ›‡˜‡”››‡ƒ”•‹ ‡–Š‡Ǥ ‘”ƒ››‡ƒ”•‘™ǡ –Š‡•‡ ‰‹ˆ–• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ †‡•‹‰ƒ–‡† ƒ• –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ ‹‡–› ‘ˆ ƒ””‹•–‡”•’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰ Š‘Žƒ”•Š‹’•ǡ‹–‡†‡†ˆ‘”Žƒ™›‡”•‹’—„Ž‹ Ǧ ‹–‡”‡•– •‡––‹‰• ƒ† ›‘—‰ Žƒ™›‡”• ‹ •‘Ž‘ ‘” •ƒŽŽ ˆ‹” •‡––‹‰•ǡ ‘ˆ–‡ ‹ •ƒŽŽ‡” ‘—‹–‹‡•Ǥ  ”‡ ‘‰‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• •—„•–ƒ–‹ƒŽ•—’’‘”–‘˜‡”–Š‡›‡ƒ”•ȋƒŽ‘•–̈́ʹͲͲǡͲͲͲ•‹ ‡–Š‡›‡ƒ” ʹͲͲͲ ƒŽ‘‡Ȍǡ   †‡•‹‰ƒ–‡† ƒ ‘—”–”‘‘ ‹ ‹–• ˆ‘”‡” ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘ –”ƒ‹‹‰ ‡–‡”ƒ•–Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘ ‹‡–›‘ˆƒ””‹•–‡”•‘—”–”‘‘ Š‡‘ ‹‡–›Šƒ••—’’‘”–‡†–”‹ƒŽƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›’”‘‰”ƒ•‹•‡˜‡”ƒŽ Žƒ™ • Š‘‘Ž•ǡ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”Ž‹‡•– „‡‹‰ ƒ ‰”ƒ– –‘ –Š‡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ Ž‘”‹†ƒ ƒ™  Š‘‘Ž ‹ ‡‘”› ‘ˆ ‹ŽŽ ”ƒ–‡•ǡ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• ͳͻ͹͵ ’”‡•‹†‡–Ǥ ‘–Š‡”™ƒ•‰‹˜‡–‘–Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‹ƒ‹ƒ™ Š‘‘Ž‹‡‘”› ‘ˆ ƒ› ‡ƒ”•‘ǡ –Š‡ ͳͻͺͷ ’”‡•‹†‡–Ǥ Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ‘–”‹„—–‡† ƒ •— –‘ ƒ›‡ –ƒ–‡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ƒ™  Š‘‘Žǡ ‡Žƒ”‰‡† ‰”‡ƒ–Ž› „› ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ‰‹ˆ–• ˆ”‘ ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”• ƒ† ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™•ǡ ˆ‘” ƒ • Š‘Žƒ”•Š‹’ ‡†‘™‡– ‹ ‡š ‡•• ‘ˆ ̈́ͳͷͲǡͲͲͲ ‹ –Š‡ ƒ‡ ‘ˆ ‘Š ‡‡†ǡ ‹–• ˆ‘”‡”†‡ƒƒ†–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ǯ•ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡•‡ ”‡–ƒ”›ƒ†‡†‹–‘”ƒ– –Šƒ– –‹‡Ǥ  ͳͻͻͻǡ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–› ‡†‘™‡† ƒ ƒ—ƒŽ Dz”ƒ‹‰ ’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰ ”ƒŽ †˜‘ ƒ › ™ƒ”†dz ƒ– –Š‡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ‹ Š‹‰ƒ ƒ™  Š‘‘Žǡ ”ƒ‹‰ǯ• ƒŽƒ ƒ–‡”Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ ƒ• ”Ǥ ‡‡†ǯ•  –‡—”‡ †”‡™ –‘ ƒ Ž‘•‡ǡ ‡–‡” ‘Šǡ ‘ˆ Š‹ ƒ‰‘ǡ ƒ† ‹ Šƒ‡Ž ‡ŽŽ›ǡ ‘ˆ ƒ  ǤǤǤ   ͳͲͻ

”ƒ ‹• ‘ǡŽ‡†ƒ•‘Ž‹ ‹–ƒ–‹‘‹‡‡†ǯ•ƒ‡ƒ‘‰–Š‡‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”•ƒ† ‘–Š‡”•–Šƒ–’”‘†— ‡†ƒ‡†‘™‡–ˆ—†‘ˆ̈́ͳͲͲǡͲͲͲƒ–‹ Š‹‰ƒ ƒ™  Š‘‘Ž –‘ •—’’‘”– •–—†‡– ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ ‹ –”‹ƒŽǦƒ†˜‘ ƒ › ‘’‡–‹–‹‘•Ǣ ƒ† –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ ƒ††‡† ̈́ʹͲǡͲͲͲ –‘ ’‡”‹–‡š’‡†‹–—”‡•‡˜‡„‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡ˆ—† ‘—Ž†‰‡‡”ƒ–‡•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– ‡š’‡†ƒ„Ž‡‹ ‘‡Ǥ Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ƒ†–Š‡ ‘—†ƒ–‹‘Šƒ˜‡ƒŽ•‘ƒ†‡‘‡‘”‘”‡ ‰”ƒ–•–‘–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‡–‹–‹‡•ǣ  ‡”‹ ƒ —†‹ ƒ–—”‡‘ ‹‡–›ȋ —”›”‹ƒŽ‡–‡”Ȍ ‘—”–’’‘‹–‡†’‡ ‹ƒŽ†˜‘ ƒ–‡•ȋˆ‘” Š‹Ž†”‡Ȍ “—ƒŽ —•–‹ ‡ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‘ˆŽƒ„ƒƒȋ ‹˜‹Ž”‹‰Š–•Ž‹–‹‰ƒ–‹‘Ȍ Š‡ ‘ ‡ ‡”‘Œ‡ –ȋ‡š‘‡”ƒ–‹‰‹‘ ‡–’”‹•‘‡”•Ȍ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ —†‹ ‹ƒŽ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ȋ ‘’Ž‡šŽ‹–‹‰ƒ–‹‘„‡ Š„‘‘Ȍ  ‡™”Ž‡ƒ•”‘‘‘”‘Œ‡ –ȋŽ‡‰ƒŽŠ‡Ž’ƒˆ–‡” —””‹ ƒ‡ ƒ–”‹ƒȌ  ͳͳͲ     

          ȗȗȗ 

VII GOVERNANCE AND ADMINISTRATION

Governance Š‡ ‰‘˜‡”ƒ ‡ •–”— –—”‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ ‹‡–› ‘ˆ ƒ””‹•–‡”•–‘†ƒ›‹•”‡ƒ”ƒ„Ž›Ž‹‡–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽƒ””ƒ‰‡‡–•‹ͳͻ͸ͷǡ ™Š‹ Š ‹• ƒ‘–Š‡” –”‹„—–‡ –‘ –Š‡ ™‹•†‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘—†‡”•Ǥ – –Š‡ „‡‰‹‹‰ǡ –Š‡”‡ ™‡”‡ ˆ‹ˆ–‡‡ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ ƒ ‘ƒ”† ‘ˆ ‘˜‡”‘”•ǡ †‹˜‹†‡† ‹–‘ –Š”‡‡ Žƒ••‡• ‘ˆ ˆ‹˜‡ǡ •‡”˜‹‰ •–ƒ‰‰‡”‡†ǡ –Š”‡‡Ǧ›‡ƒ” –‡”•Ǥ ”‘ƒ‘‰–Š‘•‡‰‘˜‡”‘”•ǡ–Š”‡‡™‡”‡ Š‘•‡–‘•‡”˜‡ƒ• ’”‡•‹†‡–ǡ˜‹ ‡Ǧ’”‡•‹†‡–ǡƒ†• ”‹„‡ȋƒŽŽŽ‹•–‡†™‹–Š‘—–‹‹–‹ƒŽ ƒ’‹–ƒŽ Ž‡––‡”•ƒ –‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” Žƒ  ‘ˆ ’”‡–‡•‡ȌǤ ˜‡” –‹‡ǡ –Š‡”‡ Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡‹‘”ƒ†Œ—•–‡–•ƒ†ƒ‘‡Ǧ–Š‹”†‡Žƒ”‰‡‡–‘ˆ–Š‡‘ƒ”†ǡ ”‡•—Ž–‹‰ –‘†ƒ› ‹ ˆ‘—” ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”• ȋ’”‡•‹†‡–ǡ ˆ‹”•– ƒ† •‡ ‘† ˜‹ ‡Ǧ ’”‡•‹†‡–•ǡ •‡ ”‡–ƒ”›Ȃ–”‡ƒ•—”‡”Ȍ ƒ† ƒ –™‡–›Ǧ’‡”•‘ ‘ƒ”† ‘ˆ ‘˜‡”‘”• ‘•‹•–‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹ˆ–‡‡‡„‡”•‡Ž‡ –‡†„›–Š‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™•ǡ –Š‡ ˆ‘—” ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”•ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‹‡†‹ƒ–‡ ’ƒ•–Ǧ’”‡•‹†‡–Ǥ Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ ‹ˆ‘”ƒŽ Ž‹‹– ‘ˆ –™‘ ‘ƒ”† –‡”•Ǥ Š‡ ‘ƒ”† ‡‡–• –™‹ ‡ ƒ ›‡ƒ”ǡ ‘ ‡‹ƒ—Ž–‹Ǧ†ƒ›‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰‹Žƒ–‡•—‡”ǡ–Š‡‘–Š‡”†—”‹‰–Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǯ•ƒ—ƒŽ ‘˜‡–‹‘Ǥ Š‡‘ƒ”†‡Ž‡ –•‹–•‘™‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”•ǡ„—––Š‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™•ƒ–Žƒ”‰‡‡Ž‡ – –Š‡”‡ƒ‹‹‰ˆ‹ˆ–‡‡‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡‘ƒ”†ƒ––Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ǯ•ƒ—ƒŽ „—•‹‡•• ‡‡–‹‰ Š‡Ž† †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ—ƒŽ ‘˜‡–‹‘Ǥ ‘‹ƒ–‹‘• ˆ‘” ƒŽŽ –Š‡•‡ ’‘•‹–‹‘• ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ’”‘†— – ‘ˆ ƒ ‘‹ƒ–‹‰ ‘‹––‡‡ ƒ’’‘‹–‡†„›–Š‡’”‡•‹†‡–Ǥ ‘”–Š‡Žƒ•––Š‹”–››‡ƒ”•ǡ–Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ Šƒ• ‘•‹•–‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’ƒ•– ’”‡•‹†‡–• ‹ ƒ––‡†ƒ ‡ ƒ– –Š‡ ‹†Ǧ›‡ƒ” ‘ƒ”† ‡‡–‹‰ǡ ”ƒ‰‹‰ ‹ —„‡” ˆ”‘ ˆ‹˜‡ –‘ –™‡Ž˜‡Ǥ – ‡‡–• •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ž›ƒ†•—„‹–•ƒŽ‹•–‘ˆ‘‹‡‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡ˆ‘—”‘ˆˆ‹ ‡•ƒ†ˆ‘” –Š‡‡š– Žƒ••‘ˆˆ‹˜‡‰‘˜‡”‘”•Ǥ ••‹‰‹‰ –‘ ’ƒ•– ’”‡•‹†‡–• –Š‡ –ƒ• ‘ˆ ‹†‡–‹ˆ›‹‰ –Š‡ ‡„‡”•–‘Ž‡ƒ†ƒ›‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘‰‘‹‰ˆ‘”™ƒ”†’‘•‡•–Š‡”‹•–Šƒ– ‹– ™‹ŽŽ ‘˜‡”˜ƒŽ—‡ ‹–• ’ƒ•– ƒ† ˆƒ‹Ž –‘ ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‡ ƒ† ‡‰ƒ‰‡ –Š‡ Šƒ‰‡• ƒ† ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡• –Šƒ– ƒ„‘—†Ǥ —– ‘˜‡” –Š‡ ›‡ƒ”•ǡ –Š‡

 ͳͳͳ ͳͳʹ     

‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”•™Š‘–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›Šƒ• Š‘•‡Šƒ˜‡Ž‡†–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›–‘™ƒ”†ƒ ”‡™ƒ”†‹‰ ƒƒŽ‰ƒ ‘ˆ ˆ‹†‡Ž‹–› –‘ ‹–• ˆ‹”•– ’”‹ ‹’Ž‡• ƒ† ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ ‡‰ƒ‰‡‡–™‹–Š–Š‡ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•‘ˆƒ‡˜‘Ž˜‹‰’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘Ǥ › ƒ† Žƒ”‰‡ǡ –Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ Šƒ• ‘‹ƒ–‡† ‡„‡”• ™Š‘ Šƒ˜‡ †‹•–‹‰—‹•Š‡† –Š‡•‡Ž˜‡• „› ˆ”‡“—‡– ‘˜‡–‹‘ ƒ––‡†ƒ ‡ ƒ†„›‰‘‘†Ǧƒ–—”‡†‹˜‘Ž˜‡‡– ‹–Š‡™‘”ƒ†ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ –‹•ƒƒ””‹•–‡”•–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ǡ‹†‡‡†ƒ ƒ”†‹ƒŽ’”‹ ‹’Ž‡ǡ–Šƒ– –Š‡”‡ ‹• ‘ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ‹‰ǡ ‘ ƒ’ƒ‹‰‹‰ ˆ‘” ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡Ǥ ‡™ ‡ŽŽ‘™•ƒ”‡ –‘Ž† ȋƒ† ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡† ‡ŽŽ‘™• ƒ”‡ ”‡‹†‡† ƒ—ƒŽŽ›Ȍ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’‡”•‘†‘‡•‘–•‡‡–Š‡‘ˆˆ‹ ‡Ǣ”ƒ–Š‡”ǡ–Š‡‘ˆˆ‹ ‡•‡‡•–Š‡’‡”•‘Ǥ ‘•‡“—‡ ‡‹•–Šƒ–‡‡–‹‰•ƒ”‡ˆ”‹‡†Ž‹‡”ƒ†Ž‡•••–”‡••ˆ—ŽǤ

A Listing of Presidents and Governors Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–› Šƒ• Šƒ† ˆ‹ˆ–›Ǧ‘‡ ’”‡•‹†‡–• ‹ –Š‡•‡ ˆ‹ˆ–› ›‡ƒ”•Ǥ ȋŠ‡•‹š–Š’”‡•‹†‡–ǡ‹ŽŽ‹ƒ Ǥ”‹ •‘ǡ”‡•‹‰‡†‹†–‡”™Š‡Š‡ „‡ ƒ‡ƒ‡„‡”‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘—’”‡‡‘—”–ƒ†™ƒ••— ‡‡†Ǧ ‡†„›Šƒ”Ž‡•Ǥ ˜ƒ••ˆ‘”–Š‡”‡ƒ‹†‡”‘ˆ–Š‡–‡”ǤȌ  Š‘•‡™Š‘Šƒ˜‡•‡”˜‡†ƒ•’”‡•‹†‡–ǣ ”ƒ‹‰’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰ǡŠ‹‘   ͳͻ͸͸ —””ƒ›ƒ• ”Ǥǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ   ͳͻ͸͹ ‡Ž–‘Ǥ›ǡ‘—–Šƒ‘–ƒ   ͳͻ͸ͺ ” ŠǤ Š‘ Šǡ‘”–Šƒ”‘Ž‹ƒ  ͳͻ͸ͻ ‘Š Ǥ‘ ‡ǡ‹”‰‹‹ƒ    ͳͻ͹Ͳ ‹ŽŽ‹ƒ Ǥ”‹ •‘ǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘   ͳͻ͹ͳ Šƒ”Ž‡•Ǥ ˜ƒ••ǡ‹‡•‘–ƒ   ͳͻ͹ͳ ‘„‡”–Ǥ—‹‰ŠƒǡŽƒ„ƒƒ  ͳͻ͹ʹ ‹ŽŽ‹ƒǤ ”ƒ–‡•ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ   ͳͻ͹͵ Š‹Ž‹’ Ǥ‡–‡”•ǡ‡™ ƒ’•Š‹”‡  ͳͻ͹Ͷ ‹ Šƒ”†Ǥ‘•–™‹ ǡ›‘‹‰  ͳͻ͹ͷ ƒ”Ž–‘Ǥ‡‹–‡”ǡ”‡‰‘   ͳͻ͹͸ ‘—‰Žƒ•Ǥ ‹ŽŽƒǡ‹ Š‹‰ƒ   ͳͻ͹͹ Ž‡šǤ‡ŽŽ‡”ǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘    ͳͻ͹ͺ  ǤǤǤ   ͳͳ͵

Ž‡šǤ‡™–‘ǡŽƒ„ƒƒ   ͳͻ͹ͻ –ƒ‹‡‰‡Žǡ‘—–Šƒ‘–ƒ   ͳͻͺͲ ‹ŽŽ‹ƒǤ Žƒ•ƒ’ǡ‹‡•‘–ƒ  ͳͻͺͳ ƒŽ–‡”Ǥ›ƒ”•ǡŽƒ„ƒƒ   ͳͻͺʹ ‘Š Ǥ ”‡‡”ǡ ‘™ƒ    ͳͻͺ͵ Ǥ Ǥ”— ‡”ǡ‡„”ƒ•ƒ   ͳͻͺͶ ƒ› Ǥ‡ƒ”•‘ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ    ͳͻͺͷ ‘‡ŽǤ‘›†‡ǡ‹ Š‹‰ƒ   ͳͻͺ͸ ‹ŽŽ‹ƒǤ‰ƒǡ‹‡•‘–ƒ   ͳͻͺ͹ ƒ”Ž‡–‘Ǥ ‘›ǡ‘—–Šƒ‘–ƒ  ͳͻͺͺ ƒ”Ǥ‘„‹•‘ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ   ͳͻͺͻ ‡””›Ǥ‡ Š–Ž‡ǡ‡•›Ž˜ƒ‹ƒ  ͳͻͻͲ ‹ŽŽ‹ƒ Ǥ ƒ‹‡ŽǡŽƒ„ƒƒ   ͳͻͻͳ ”‡†‡”‹  Ǥƒ›‡”ǡ‹••‘—”‹   ͳͻͻʹ ‘Ž‡šƒ†‡”ǡ‡šƒ•    ͳͻͻ͵ Šƒ”Ž‡• ǤŽƒ Šƒ”†ǡ‘”–Šƒ”‘Ž‹ƒ ͳͻͻͶ ‘Ǥ‡ƒ–‹‰ǡ‡„”ƒ•ƒ   ͳͻͻͷ ƒ˜‹†Ǥ‹š‘ǡ‡™ ƒ’•Š‹”‡  ͳͻͻ͸ ‹ Šƒ”†Ǥƒ›ǡ›‘‹‰   ͳͻͻ͹  ‘Š Ǥƒ ‹‘‡ǡŠ‹‘    ͳͻͻͺ ”ƒ Ǥ”‹š‹—•ǡ‹‡•‘–ƒ   ͳͻͻͻ ›”‘ Ǥ”‘„‡”‰ǡ‡™ ‡”•‡›  ʹͲͲͲ ‘‡ ‡‘†ǡ‘”–Šƒ”‘Ž‹ƒ   ʹͲͲͳ ‡‡ƒ ‹„—”ǡ ‡‘”‰‹ƒ   ʹͲͲʹ ƒ‹‡Ž Ǥ‡ŽŽ›ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ   ʹͲͲ͵ ‘ŠǤ‹„‡”ǡŠ‹‘    ʹͲͲͶ †™ƒ”† Ǥƒ–‘‹ Šǡ‹‡•‘–ƒ  ʹͲͲͷ  ‘––Ǥ‘™‡ŽŽǡŽƒ„ƒƒ   ʹͲͲ͸ †™ƒ”† Ǥ‡˜‹ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ   ʹͲͲ͹ ‹ŽŽ‹ƒǤ ”ƒ›ǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘   ʹͲͲͺ ‹ŽŽ‹ƒ Ǥƒ”–•‘ǡ ”Ǥǡ”‡‰‘  ʹͲͲͻ ƒ”‹‡––ƒǤ‘„‹•‘ǡ‹•–”‹ –‘ˆ‘Ž—„‹ƒ ʹͲͳͲ Ǥ ”ƒŠƒ ‹ŽŽǡ‡šƒ•    ʹͲͳͳ ͳͳͶ     

‹ Šƒ‡ŽǤ‡ŽŽ›ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ   ʹͲͳʹ ‹ Šƒ‡ŽǤ‘”‡Žǡ–ƒŠ    ʹͲͳ͵ ƒ‡•Ǥƒ”–‹—•ǡƒ•ƒ•   ʹͲͳͶ —–Ž‡†‰‡Ǥ‹Ž‡•ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ   ʹͲͳͷ  ‡ŽŽ‘™•™Š‘Šƒ˜‡•‡”˜‡†‘–Š‡‘ƒ”†‘ˆ ‘˜‡”‘”•ƒ†–Š‡‹” ‡Ž‡ –‡†–‡”•ǣͻ  ‘Ž‡šƒ†‡”ǡ‡šƒ•    ͳͻͺ͵Ȃͳͻͺ͸  ‘ŠǤ”‡••ǡ‹•–”‹ –‘ˆ‘Ž—„‹ƒ  ͳͻͻͶȂʹͲͲͲ  ƒš™‡ŽŽƒ†‰Ž‡›ǡ‹ Š‹‰ƒ   ͳͻ͸ͷȂͳͻ͸ͺ  ƒ‡•Ǥƒ‡”ǡ‹ Š‹‰ƒ   ͳͻͺͷȂͳͻͺͺ  ƒ‹‡ŽǤƒ”ƒ†ƒ–ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ   ʹͲͲ͹ȂʹͲͳ͵  —†›Ǥƒ””ƒ••‘ǡ‘—‹•ƒƒ   ʹͲͳͳȂʹͲͳͶ  ƒ‡•Ǥƒ”–‹—•ǡ‹••‘—”‹   ʹͲͲͷȂʹͲͳͳ  ‡””›Ǥ‡ Š–Ž‡ǡ‡•›Ž˜ƒ‹ƒ  ͳͻ͹ͺȂͳͻͺͳǡ        ͳͻͺͶȂͳͻͻͲ ƒ—Ž‡”ƒǡƒ”›Žƒ†    ͳͻ͸ͷȂͳͻ͸ͻ  ”— ‡Ǥ‹•Š‘’ǡ‡‡••‡‡    ͳͻ͸ͻ   —‰‘ǤŽƒ ǡ ”Ǥǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ   ͳͻ͹ͻȂͳͻͺʹ  Šƒ”Ž‡• ǤŽƒ Šƒ”†ǡ‘”–Šƒ”‘Ž‹ƒ ͳͻͺͷȂͳͻͻͳ  ‹ Šƒ”†Ǥ‘•–™‹ ǡ›‘‹‰  ͳͻ͹ͳȂͳͻ͹ͻ  ‘‡ŽǤ‘›†‡ǡ‹ Š‹‰ƒ   ͳͻͺͳȂͳͻͺ͹  ‘—‰Žƒ•Ǥ”ƒ‰‰ǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘   ͳͻͺʹȂͳͻͺͷ  ”ƒ Ǥ”‹š‹—•ǡ‹‡•‘–ƒ   ͳͻͻͲȂͳͻͻ͸  ‡–‡” Ǥ”‘†Š‡ƒ†ǡŠ‹‘    ʹͲͳʹȂʹͲͳͷ  ›”‘ Ǥ”‘„‡”‰ǡ‡™ ‡”•‡›  ͳͻͻͳȂͳͻͻ͹  ‘”ƒ ‡ Ǥ”‘™ǡ‡™ ‡”•‡›   ͳͻ͸ͷȂͳͻ͸ͺ  Ǥ Ǥ”— ‡”ǡ‡„”ƒ•ƒ   ͳͻ͹ͻȂͳͻͺ͸  –‡˜‡Ǥ”— ‡”ǡ‡„”ƒ•ƒ  ʹͲͳʹȂʹͲͳͷ  –ƒŽ‡›Ǥ—”•ǡ‡™ ƒ’•Š‹”‡  ͳͻ͸ͷȂͳͻ͸͸  ͻǤŠ‡†ƒ–‡•‘ˆ•‡”˜‹ ‡†‘‘–‹ Ž—†‡–‡”•‘ˆ‡š‘ˆˆ‹ ‹‘‡„‡”•Š‹’ƒ•ƒ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”‘” ’ƒ•–’”‡•‹†‡–Ǥ  ǤǤǤ   ͳͳͷ

 ƒŽ–‡”Ǥ›ƒ”•ǡŽƒ„ƒƒ   ͳͻ͹͹Ȃͳͻͺ͵  ‡–‡”Ǥ›”‡•ǡƒ•Š‹‰–‘   ʹͲͲͲȂʹͲͲ͸  Ž˜ƒ”‘ǤƒŽ†‡”אǡ—‡”–‘‹ ‘  ʹͲͲʹȂʹͲͲͷ  ‘„‡”–Ǥƒ”–™”‹‰Š–ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ  ͳͻͺʹȂͳͻͺͺ  Š‘ƒ•Šƒ†Ž‡”ǡ”‹œ‘ƒ   ͳͻ͹͵Ȃͳͻ͹͸  Ǥ‘••Žƒ”ǡ”‹–‹•Š‘Ž—„‹ƒ  ʹͲͲ͵ȂʹͲͲͻ  ‡””›ǤŽ‡‡–•ǡ‡šƒ•   ʹͲͳ͵ȂʹͲͳ͸  ‘ƒŽ†Ǥ‘‡”ǡ‹‡•‘–ƒ   ͳͻ͸ͷȂͳͻ͸͹  Š‘ƒ•Ǥ”ƒ‡”ǡ‹ Š‹‰ƒ  ʹͲͳʹȂʹͲͳͷ  ‘ŠǤ”‘™†‡”ǡŽƒ„ƒƒ   ͳͻͻʹȂͳͻͻͺ  ‘„‡”–Ǥ—‹‰ŠƒǡŽƒ„ƒƒ  ͳͻ͸ͻȂͳͻ͹ͷ  ‘ŠǤ—•ƒ ǡ‡™‡š‹ ‘   ͳͻ͹ͷȂͳͻ͹ͺ  ‘•‡’ŠǤƒŽ›ǡ‡„”ƒ•ƒ   ʹͲͲͷǦʹͲͳͳ   ƒš‘ƒ˜‹•ǡ‘–ƒƒ    ʹͲͳͶǦʹͲͳ͹   ‹ Šƒ”†Ǥƒ›ǡ›‘‹‰   ͳͻͺ͹Ȃͳͻͻ͵  –ƒŽ‡› Ǥ‡ƒ —–ǡ‹‡•‘–ƒ  ͳͻͻʹȂͳͻͻͷ  †™ƒ”†Ǥ Ǥ‡‹• ”Ǥǡ‡•›Ž˜ƒ‹ƒ ʹͲͲͲȂʹͲͲ͵  ƒ‡•Ǥ‘”•‡–– ǡ‘”–Šƒ”‘Ž‹ƒ  ʹͲͲͳȂʹͲͲ͹  ‹ŽŽ‹ƒǤ‰ƒǡ‹‡•‘–ƒ   ͳͻͺʹȂͳͻͺͺ  ƒŽ–‡”Ǥ’’‡• ”Ǥǡ‹••‹••‹’’‹  ͳͻͺ͹ȂͳͻͻͲ  ‹ŽŽ‹ƒ Ǥ”‹ •‘ǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘   ͳͻ͸ͻȂͳͻ͹ͳ  ‘ƒŽ† Ǥ ƒ”ƒ‰‡ǡ‡•›Ž˜ƒ‹ƒ  ͳͻ͸ͷȂͳͻ͸͸ǡ        ͳͻ͹ͳȂͳͻ͹Ͷ  ‹ Šƒ‡ŽǤ ‹ ƒ”‘ǡ ŽŽ‹‘‹•   ʹͲͲͻȂʹͲͳʹ  ‹ŽŽ‹ƒǤ Žƒ•ƒ’ǡ‹‡•‘–ƒ  ͳͻ͹ͷȂͳͻͺͶ  ‹ŽŽ‹• Ǥ Ž‹ ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ    ͳͻ͹ͲȂͳͻ͹ͻ  ‘ŠǤ ”ƒǡƒ•ƒ•    ͳͻ͸ͷȂͳͻ͸͸  ‹ŽŽ‹ƒǤ ”ƒ–‡•ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ   ͳͻ͹ͳȂͳͻ͹Ͷ  ƒ‡•Ǥ ”‹ Ž‡–‘ǡƒ•ƒ•   ʹͲͳ͵ȂʹͲͳ͸  Ǥƒ–”‹  ƒŽŽ‘™ƒ›ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ  ʹͲͲͺȂʹͲͳͶ  ‘Š ‘”†‘ ‡ƒ”‹ǡ”‡‰‘   ͳͻ͸ͷȂͳͻ͸ͺ  Šƒ”Ž‡•Ǥ ”ƒ›ǡ‹••‘—”‹   ͳͻ͹ͲȂͳͻ͹ͻ  ‹ŽŽ‹ƒǤ ”ƒ›ǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘   ʹͲͲͶȂʹͲͲ͹ ͳͳ͸     

 –ƒŽ‡›Ǥ ”‡‡ˆ‹‡Ž†ǡ‡™ ‡”•‡›  ͳͻͺʹȂͳͻͺͷ  ‘Š Ǥ ”‡‡”ǡ ‘™ƒ    ͳͻͺͲȂͳͻͺ͸  ‹ Šƒ‡ŽǤ ƒŽ‡ǡ”ƒ•ƒ•   ͳͻͻ͵Ȃͳͻͻͻ  ‘ƒŽ†Ǥ ƒ•‡ǡ‘”–Šƒ‘–ƒ  ͳͻ͹ͺȂͳͻͺͶ  ‡š Ǥ ƒ•‘ǡ–ƒŠ    ͳͻ͸ͻȂͳͻ͹ͷ  ƒŽ˜‹Ǥ ƒ”†‹ ”Ǥǡ‘—‹•‹ƒƒ    ͳͻ͹͸  ƒ‡•Ǥ ƒ”’‡”ǡ ‡‘”‰‹ƒ   ͳͻͺͳȂͳͻͺ͹  Š‘ƒ•Ǥ ƒ””‹•ǡƒ•Š‹‰–‘  ʹͲͲͻȂʹͲͳʹ  †™ƒ”† Ǥ ‹ ‡› ”Ǥǡ‹•–”‹ –‘ˆ‘Ž—„‹ƒ ͳͻ͹ͺȂͳͻͺͳ  ‹ŽŽ‹ƒǤ ‹ •ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ   ͳͻͺͺȂͳͻͻͳ  Š‘ƒ•Ǥ ‹‰Šǡ †ƒŠ‘    ʹͲͲ͸ȂʹͲͳʹ  Ǥ ”ƒŠƒ ‹ŽŽǡ‡šƒ•    ʹͲͲʹȂʹͲͲͺ  ‘—‰Žƒ•Ǥ ‹ŽŽƒǡ‹ Š‹‰ƒ   ͳͻ͹ͳȂͳͻ͹ͺ  ƒ”‹ƒƒ‡•‘ ‘†‰‡ǡ‹”‰‹ •Žƒ†• ʹͲͲ͹ȂʹͲͳ͵  ƒ”Ž‡–‘Ǥ ‘›ǡ‘—–Šƒ‘–ƒ  ͳͻͺͲȂͳͻͺ͸ Šƒ”Ž‡•Ǥ ˜ƒ••ǡ‹‡•‘–ƒ   ͳͻ͸ͻȂͳͻ͹ͷ  Šƒ”Ž‡•Ǥ ˜ƒ•• ”Ǥ‹‡•‘–ƒ  ʹͲͲ͵ȂʹͲͲͻ  ‡–‡”Ǥ ‘Šǡ ŽŽ‹‘‹•    ʹͲͲ͹ȂʹͲͳ͵  ƒ”‡Ǥ ‘Š•‘ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ   ͳͻ͹ͶȂͳͻͺͲ  ‹ Šƒ‡Ž Ǥ‡ƒ†›ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ   ͳͻ͹ͶȂͳͻ͹͹  ‘Ǥ‡ƒ–‹‰ǡ‡„”ƒ•ƒ   ͳͻͺͷȂͳͻͻͳ  Ž‡šǤ‡ŽŽ‡”ǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘    ͳͻ͹ͶȂͳͻͺͲ  ƒ‹‡Ž Ǥ‡ŽŽ›ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ   ͳͻͻͶȂʹͲͲͲ  ‹ Šƒ‡ŽǤ‡ŽŽ›ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ   ʹͲͲ͵ȂʹͲͲͺ ‘Š Ǥ‡‡ŽŽ›ǡ ŽŽ‹‘‹•    ͳͻ͸͹Ȃͳͻ͸ͻ  ‘•‡’Š Ǥ‡‡›ǡ‡™ ‡”•‡›   ʹͲͲͳȂʹͲͲ͹  ‡˜‹”‹•–ǡ‡šƒ•    ʹͲͳͶȂʹͲͳ͹  ‘ƒŽ†Ǥ”‹•–ǡ‡šƒ•    ʹͲͲͲȂʹͲͲ͸  –ƒŽ‡› Ǥ”‹•–ǡ‡šƒ•    ͳͻͻ͵Ȃͳͻͻͻ  ‘Š Ǥƒ ‹‘‡ǡŠ‹‘    ͳͻͺͻȂͳͻͻͷ  ‘”ƒ Ǥƒ†ƒ—ǡ‡™‘”   ͳͻ͹ͻȂͳͻͺʹ  ‘ŠǤ‹„‡”ǡŠ‹‘    ͳͻͻͷȂʹͲͲͳ  ƒ–ŠŽ‡‡ƒ‰ǡ‹ Š‹‰ƒ   ʹͲͳͶȂʹͲͳ͹  ǤǤǤ   ͳͳ͹

 —–Ž‡†‰‡Ǥ‹Ž‡•ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ   ʹͲͲ͹ȂʹͲͳ͵ ‘Š Ǥ‘ ‡ǡ‹”‰‹‹ƒ    ͳͻ͸͹Ȃͳͻ͹ʹ  ‡Ž–‘Ǥ›ǡ‘—–Šƒ‘–ƒ   ͳͻ͸͹Ȃͳͻ͸ͻ  ‹ŽŽ‹ƒ Ǥƒ”–•‘ ”Ǥǡ”‡‰‘  ͳͻͻͻȂʹͲͲͷ  †™ƒ”† Ǥƒ–‘‹ Šǡ‹‡•‘–ƒ  ͳͻͻ͹ȂʹͲͲ͵  ”‡†‡”‹  Ǥƒ›‡”ǡ‹••‘—”‹   ͳͻͺͶȂͳͻͻͲ  ‹ŽŽ‹ƒ Ǥ ƒ‹‡ŽǡŽƒ„ƒƒ   ͳͻͺ͵Ȃͳͻͺͻ  Ǥ‡‡–Š ™ƒǡ”‹–‹•Š‘Ž—„‹ƒ ʹͲͳͳȂʹͲͳ͹  Ǥƒ–”‹  ƒ”‡›ǡ‹••‘—”‹   ͳͻͺͺȂͳͻͻͳ  ‘‡ ‡‘†ǡ‘”–Šƒ”‘Ž‹ƒ   ͳͻͻʹȂͳͻͻͺ  ‘•‡’ŠǤ‡—•‡›ǡ‡„”ƒ•ƒ   ͳͻͻͶȂʹͲͲͲ  ƒˆ‘”†Ǥ‡›‡”ǡ ŽŽ‹‘‹•   ͳͻ͹ͲȂͳͻ͹͸  ƒ”•ŠƒŽŽǤ‹ŽŽ‡”ǡ‹•–”‹ –‘ˆ‘Ž—„‹ƒ ͳͻ͸ͷȂͳͻ͸͸  —‰Š‹”ƒ Ž‡ǡƒ•Š‹‰–‘   ͳͻ͸ͷȂͳͻ͹Ͳ  ‹ Šƒ‡Žƒ Š™ƒŽ–‡”ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ   ͳͻͻͺǦʹͲͲͶ   ‹ŽŽ‹ƒƒ‰Ž‡ ”ǤǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ   ͳͻ͸ͻȂͳͻ͹Ͳ  ‘ŠǤ‡™ƒǡ‡™ ‡”•‡›   ʹͲͲͻȂʹͲͳʹ  Ž‡šǤ‡™–‘ǡŽƒ„ƒƒ   ͳͻ͹ͶȂͳͻͺͲ  †™ƒ”† Ǥ‡˜‹ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ   ͳͻͻͺȂʹͲͲͶ  ƒ˜‹†Ǥ‹š‘ǡ‡™ ƒ’•Š‹”‡  ͳͻͺ͹Ȃͳͻͻ͵  ‘Žƒ†„‡ Šƒ‹ǡ †‹ƒƒ   ͳͻ͹ͻȂͳͻͺʹ  ƒ› Ǥ‡ƒ”•‘ǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ    ͳͻͺͳȂͳͻͺ͹  ‡†‡ŽŽ‡†Ž‡–‘ǡ ‘™ƒ   ͳͻ͹ͳȂͳͻ͹ͺ  ‘”ƒ‡”Žǡ‹‡•‘–ƒ   ͳͻ͹͸Ȃͳͻͺʹ  ‹ Šƒ‡ŽǤ‡””‹ǡ‡šƒ•   ͳͻͻͷȂʹͲͲͳ  ǤǤȋƒ›Ȍ‡”•‘•ǡ ‡‘”‰‹ƒ   ʹͲͳʹȂͳͻͳͷ  Š‹Ž‹’ Ǥ‡–‡”•ǡ‡™ ƒ’•Š‹”‡  ͳͻ͹ͳȂͳͻ͹ͺ  ƒ–ŠŽ‡‡ Ž›‡–‡”•‘ǡ‹‡•‘–ƒ ʹͲͳ͵ȂʹͲͳ͸  ‹ŽŽ‹ƒǤˆƒ— ”ǤǡŠ‹‘    ͳͻ͹ͲȂͳͻ͹ͻ  ‘ŠǤ‹†ƒ”ǡ‡™ ‡”•‡›    ͳͻ͹Ͳ   ƒ˜‹†Ǥ‘™‡ŽŽ ”ǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘   ʹͲͳ͵ȂʹͲͳ͸   ‘––Ǥ‘™‡ŽŽǡŽƒ„ƒƒ   ͳͻͻͻȂʹͲͲͷ  ‡”› Ǥ”‹ ‡ǡ †‹ƒƒ    ͳͻͻʹȂͳͻͻͷ ͳͳͺ     

 ‡‹–Š Ǥ—ƒ‹Žǡ”‹œ‘ƒ    ͳͻ͸͹Ȃͳͻ͸ͻ  ‘”†‘Ǥ‡Š„‘”‰ ”Ǥǡ‡™ ƒ’•Š‹”‡ ʹͲͲ͸ȂʹͲͲͻ  ƒ”Ž–‘Ǥ‡‹–‡”ǡ”‡‰‘   ͳͻ͹ͳȂͳͻ͹Ͷ  ‡”ƒŽ† Ǥ‹ Šƒǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ   ͳͻͻ͵Ȃͳͻͻͻ  ‘„‡”– Ǥ‹––‡”ǡ‹••‘—”‹   ͳͻͻͶȂʹͲͲ͵  ƒ”‹‡––ƒǤ‘„‹•‘ǡ‹ Š‹‰ƒ  ʹͲͲͳȂʹͲͲ͹  ƒ”Ǥ‘„‹•‘ǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ   ͳͻͺͲȂͳͻͺ͸ ƒ”Ǥ‘„‹•‘ ”ǤǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ  ͳͻͻ͵Ȃͳͻͻͻ  —””ƒ›ƒ• ”Ǥǡ Ž‘”‹†ƒ   ͳͻ͸ͷȂͳͻ͸ͺ  ƒ””› Ǥ Š‡‹†‡”ǡƒ•Š‹‰–‘  ʹͲͳʹȂʹͲͳͷ  ‘•‡’Š Ǥ Š‡‹†‡”ǡ ƒ™ƒ‹‹   ͳͻͺͺȂͳͻͻͳ   ” ŠǤ Š‘ Šǡ‘”–Šƒ”‘Ž‹ƒ  ͳͻ͸ͷȂͳͻ͹Ͳ  ‘ƒŽ†Ǥ ŠŽƒ’’”‹œœ‹ǡ‹••‘—”‹  ͳͻͻ͸ȂʹͲͲʹ  ƒ”‘Ž†Ǥ Š‹†–ǡ‡•›Ž˜ƒ‹ƒ  ͳͻ͸ͺȂͳͻ͹Ͳ  ƒ ‡Ǥ‡ƒ”•ǡ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘   ʹͲͲͺȂʹͲͳͶ  –ƒ‹‡‰‡Žǡ‘—–Šƒ‘–ƒ   ͳͻ͹ͶȂͳͻͺͲ  „‡”Ǥ‹••‘ǡƒ••ƒ Š—•‡––•  ͳͻ͸ͺȂͳͻ͹Ͳ  ‹ŽŽ‹ƒǤ‹–ŠǡƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ   ʹͲͳͲȂʹͲͳ͸  ”ƒ‹‰’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰ǡŠ‹‘   ͳͻ͸ͷȂͳͻ͸ͺ  –—ƒ”–Ǥ’‡‹•‡”ǡ‡™‘”   ͳͻ͸͹Ȃͳͻ͸ͻ  ‘„‡”–Ǥ–‡‹ǡ‡™ ƒ’•Š‹”‡  ͳͻͻͻȂʹͲͲͷ  ƒ””›Ǥƒ™™ƒ–‡”ǡŽƒŠ‘ƒ  ʹͲͲͷȂʹͲͲͺ  Š‡•–‡”Š‘•‘ǡ ŽŽ‹‘‹•   ͳͻ͸ͷȂͳͻ͸͸  ‘‡ Ǥ‘ƒŠ‹ŽŽǡ‡šƒ•    ͳͻ͸ͷȂͳͻ͸͹  –‡’Š‡ƒ†‡ǡƒ‹‡    ʹͲͳͶȂʹͲͳ͹  ‘—•–‘ Ǥ‹ŽŽ‹ƒ•ǡ›‘‹‰  ͳͻ͹ͺȂͳͻͺͳ  ƒ”–‹Ǥ‹ŽŽ‹ƒ•ǡŠ‹‘   ʹͲͲ͸ȂʹͲͳʹ  ‡‡ƒ ‹„—”ǡ ‡‘”‰‹ƒ   ͳͻͻͷȂʹͲͲͳ  Š‹ŽŽ‹’Ǥ‹––ƒǡ‘—‹•‹ƒƒ  ʹͲͲͺȂʹͲͳͶ  ‹ Šƒ‡ŽǤ‘”‡ŽǡŽƒ„ƒƒ   ʹͲͲͶȂʹͲͳͲ  ƒ””›Ǥ”ƒ–ŠƒŽŽǡ‘˜ƒ ‘–‹ƒ  ͳͻͻͻȂʹͲͲͷ    ǤǤǤ   ͳͳͻ

‹–Š –Š‡ ‡š ‡’–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘˜‡–‹‘ –”ƒ˜‡Ž ‡š’‡•‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‡•‹†‡– ƒ† –Š‡ •‡ ”‡–ƒ”›Ȃ–”‡ƒ•—”‡” ȋ ‘˜‡–‹‘Ǧ’”‘‰”ƒ Šƒ‹”Ȍǡ ‘ ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡” ‘” ‘ƒ”† ‡„‡” ”‡ ‡‹˜‡• ‘’‡•ƒ–‹‘ ‘” ”‡‹„—”•‡Ǧ ‡–‘ˆ‡š’‡•‡•ˆ‘”‡‡–‹‰•Ǥ

Administration Š‡†ƒ›Ǧ–‘Ǧ†ƒ›‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ƒƒ‰‡† „› ƒ •‡”‹‡• ‘ˆ ˆ‹˜‡ ’ƒ”–Ǧ–‹‡ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‘”•ǣ ‡ƒ ’’Ž‡ƒ ȋ‡‹‰Š– ›‡ƒ”•Ȍǡ ‹ƒ””‹‰ƒȋ–Š”‡‡›‡ƒ”•Ȍǡ‘—‰Žƒ•”ƒ‰‰ȋˆ‹˜‡›‡ƒ”•Ȍǡ ‘Š ‡‡† ȋ–™‡–›Ǧ‹‡ ›‡ƒ”•Ȍǡ ƒ† ‘ƒŽ† ‡•‹† ȋˆ‹˜‡ ›‡ƒ”• ƒ† ‘—–‹‰ȌǤ Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ǯ•‹‹–‹ƒŽDz‡š‡ —–‹˜‡•‡ ”‡–ƒ”›ǡdz ‡ƒ’’Ž‡ƒǡ™ƒ• ƒŽƒ™›‡”ƒ†–Š‡†ƒ—‰Š–‡”‘ˆˆ‘—†‡” ‘Š’’Ž‡ƒǡƒ†‹–•‘ˆˆ‹ ‡ ™ƒ•Š‡”Š‹ ƒ‰‘Žƒ™‘ˆˆ‹ ‡ǤŠ‹•™ƒ•‘‡”‡ˆŽ‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”‘Ž‡ƒ† ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ‘Š ’’Ž‡ƒ ‹ –Š‡ Žƒ— Š‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǡ ƒ†ǡ ƒ‘‰‘–Š‡”„‡‡ˆ‹–•ǡ‹–‡ƒ„Ž‡†ƒ‡ ‘‘‹ ƒŽ•–ƒ”–Ǥ ‹ ƒ””‹‰ƒǯ• ”‡•—± ™ƒ• ‹†‡ƒŽ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ’‘•‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ Dzƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ †‹”‡ –‘”dz ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ  ’”‹˜ƒ–‡ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡ ‹ ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘ƒ†ƒ ‡ŽŽ‘™‘ˆ–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ǡŠ‡Šƒ†„‡‡ƒ–”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”‹Š‹• ƒ–‹˜‡‘”–Šƒ‘–ƒǡŠ‡ǯ†–ƒ—‰Š––”‹ƒŽ’”ƒ –‹ ‡ƒ––Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–‹‡•‘ˆ ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘ƒ†‡˜‡”ƒ†ƒ–ƒ•Š‹‰–‘‹˜‡”•‹–›ƒ†ǡŠ‡Šƒ† Š‡Ž’‡† ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š –Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ —†‹ ‹ƒŽ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ ƒ† –Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ •–‹–—–‡ ˆ‘” ”‹ƒŽ †˜‘ ƒ ›ǡ ƒ† Š‡ Šƒ† „‡‡ ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘ǯ• Œ—†‹ ‹ƒŽ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‘”Ǥȋ ƒƒŽ”‡ƒ†›”‡ƒ”ƒ„Ž‡ ƒ”‡‡”ǡŠ‡Žƒ–‡”„‡ ƒ‡ƒ ”‡‰‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘ǡ ƒ Œ—•–‹ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘ —’”‡‡‘—”–ǡƒ†ƒŒ—†‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹–‡†–ƒ–‡•‹•–”‹ –‘—”–ˆ‘”–Š‡ ‹•–”‹ – ‘ˆ ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘ǤȌ ‹• ƒ’’‘‹–‡– –‘ –Š‡ „‡ Š ‹ ͳͻ͹͸ ’”‘’–‡† Š‹• ”‡•‹‰ƒ–‹‘ ƒ• –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǯ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‘” ƒ† –Š‡ ƒ’’‘‹–‡–‘ˆ‘—‰Žƒ•”ƒ‰‰Ǥ Š‹Ž‡ ‹ ƒ””‹‰ƒ ‘–‹—‡† –‘ •‡”˜‡ ƒ• ‡†‹–‘”ǡ ‘—‰Žƒ• ”ƒ‰‰ǡ ƒ ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘ ƒ””‹•–‡” ƒ† ƒ ˆ‘”‡” ’ƒ”–‡” ‘ˆ ƒ””‹‰ƒǯ•ǡ ƒƒ‰‡†–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ǯ•ƒˆˆƒ‹”•ˆ”‘Š‹•‡˜‡”‘ˆˆ‹ ‡ˆ”‘ͳͻ͹͸—–‹Ž ͳͻͺͳǡ ™Š‡ –Š‡ †‡ƒ†• ‘ˆ Š‹• –”‹ƒŽ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡ ‡ ‡••‹–ƒ–‡† Š‹• ͳʹͲ     

”‡•‹‰ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‘Š‡‡†™ƒ•ƒ’’‘‹–‡†–‘•— ‡‡†Š‹Ǥ ‡‡†ǡƒ‡„‡”‘ˆ–Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‹ Š‹‰ƒŽƒ™ˆƒ —Ž–›ǡŠƒ† „‡‡ƒ””‹‰ƒǯ• ‘ŽŽ‡ƒ‰—‡ƒ––Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘ƒ†–Š”‘—‰Š Š‹ „‡ ƒ‡ ƒ “—ƒ‹–‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ ƒ””‹‰ƒ ƒ† –™‘ ‹ Š‹‰ƒ ƒŽ—‹‘—‰Žƒ• ‹ŽŽƒǡ ƒ ˆ‘”‡” ’”‡•‹†‡–ǡ ƒ† ‘‡Ž ‘›†‡ǡ ™Š‘ Žƒ–‡” „‡ ƒ‡ ƒ ’”‡•‹†‡–”‡ ”—‹–‡† ‡‡† –‘ „‡ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǯ•‡†‹–‘”‹ͳͻ͹ͻǤͳͲ†™Š‡‘—‰”ƒ‰‰”‡•‹‰‡†ǡ‡‡†™ƒ• ƒ‡† –‘ –Š‡ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’‘•– ƒŽ•‘ǡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘†‡•– –‹–Ž‡ ‘ˆ Dzƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡•‡ ”‡–ƒ”›Ǥdz ‘Š ‡‡† ™ƒ• •— ‡‡†‡† „› ‘ƒŽ† ‡•‹†ǡ ƒ Š‹‰ŠŽ› ”‡‰ƒ”†‡† ‘”–Š ƒ”‘Ž‹ƒ –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡” ƒ† ‡ŽŽ‘™ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ ‘‰‘–Š‡”’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ‘Šƒ†„‡‡ƒˆ—ŽŽǦ–‹‡ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡”ƒ–—‡‹˜‡”•‹–›ǯ•Žƒ™• Š‘‘Ž‹–Š‡Žƒ–‡ͳͻ͹Ͳ•ǡ„—–Šƒ† –Š‡ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡† ˆ—ŽŽ –‹‡ ƒ• ƒ –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡” ˆ‘” –Š‹”–› ›‡ƒ”•Ǥ —”‹‰ –Š‘•‡ ›‡ƒ”• „‘–Š ƒ– —‡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ‘”–Š ƒ”‘Ž‹ƒǡ Š‡ ‘–‹—‡† –‘ –‡ƒ Š –”‹ƒŽ •‹ŽŽ• ƒ† ˜‹†‡ ‡Ǥ • Š‡ ™ƒ• Ž‡ƒ˜‹‰Š‹• ˆ‹”–‘”‡–—”–‘ƒˆ—ŽŽǦ–‹‡’‘•‹–‹‘‘–Š‡—‡ˆƒ —Ž–›ǡŠ‡ƒ‰”‡‡† –‘ •‡”˜‡ ƒŽ•‘ ƒ• –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• ˆ‹ˆ–Š ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‘” ƒ† ˆ‘—”–Š ‡†‹–‘”Ǥ Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• ’”‹ ‹’ƒŽ ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡ ™ƒ• ‘˜‡† –‘ Š‹• ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡ ƒ– —‡ǡ‹ —”Šƒǡ ‘”–Š ƒ”‘Ž‹ƒǤ Š‡ –”ƒ•‹–‹‘ ˆ”‘ ‡‡† –‘ ‡•‹† ™ƒ• ‘’Ž‡–‡†‹‡ƒ”Ž›ʹͲͳͲǤŠ‡•— ‡••‹˜‡ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‘”••‡”˜‡†ƒŽ•‘ ƒ•‡†‹–‘”•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•Quarterlyǡ™‹–Š— Š‘ˆ–Šƒ–™‘”†‘‡ „›ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡‡†‹–‘”•Ǥ Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ‘ ‹‡–› ‹• †‡‡’Ž› ‰”ƒ–‡ˆ—Ž –‘ –Š‡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ‹ Š‹‰ƒ ƒ† ƒ›‡ –ƒ–‡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› Žƒ™ • Š‘‘Ž• ˆ‘” –Š‡‹” ‡š–”ƒ‘”†‹ƒ”‹Ž›‰‡‡”‘—•Ž‘‰‹•–‹ ƒŽƒ†•–ƒˆˆ•—’’‘”––Šƒ–‡ƒ„Ž‡†”Ǥ ‡‡†–‘•‡”˜‡ƒ•ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡•‡ ”‡–ƒ”›ƒ†‡†‹–‘”™Š‹Ž‡ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ‹‰ Š‹•ˆƒ —Ž–›†—–‹‡•Ǥ –‹•‘Ž‡••‰”ƒ–‡ˆ—Ž–‘—‡‹˜‡”•‹–›ƒ™ Š‘‘Ž ˆ‘”•‹‹Žƒ”ǡ‡“—ƒŽŽ›‰‡‡”‘—••—’’‘”–Ǥ

 ͳͲǤ Š‡ ”‡ ”—‹–‹‰ ˜‹•‹– –‘‘ ’Žƒ ‡ ‹ ‘‡Ž ‘›†‡ǯ• ”‡ ”‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ˜‡Š‹ Ž‡‹–Š‡ –ƒ‹Ž‰ƒ–‡’ƒ”‹‰Ž‘–ƒ–‹ Š‹‰ƒ–ƒ†‹—ƒˆ–‡”ƒ‹ Š‹‰ƒȂ‘–”‡ƒ‡‰ƒ‡Ǥ –Šƒ• ‡˜‡”„‡‡ Ž‡ƒ”™Š‡–Š‡”ƒ””‹‰ƒǡƒ†‡†‹ ƒ–‡†‘–”‡ƒ‡ˆƒǡ™‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡ ‘‡ ˆ”‘‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘ˆ‘”–Š‡‡‡–‹‰Šƒ†–Š‡”‡‘–„‡‡–Š‡†”ƒ™‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘‘–„ƒŽŽ‰ƒ‡Ǥ 

VIII THE ROAD AHEAD   ‹–• ˆ‹”•– ˆ‹ˆ–› ›‡ƒ”•ǡ –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ ‹‡–› ‘ˆ ƒ””‹•–‡”• Šƒ• ƒ‹–ƒ‹‡† ‹–• ˆ‘—†‡”•ǯ ˜‹•‹‘Ǥ ”‹‡ ƒ‘‰ ‹–• •–ƒ–‡† ’—”’‘•‡•ƒ”‡–™‘–Šƒ–ƒ”‡‹’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Žǣƒ„‘Ž‹•Š‹‰ƒ‹‘•‹–›„‡–™‡‡ ‘—•‡Ž ”‡’”‡•‡–‹‰ ’Žƒ‹–‹ˆˆ• ƒ† †‡ˆ‡†ƒ–•ǡ ƒ† ‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‹‰ ƒ‹ ƒ„Ž‡ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ƒ† ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•Ǥ Š‘•‡ ‰‘ƒŽ• Ž‡ƒ”Ž›Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ƒ Š‹‡˜‡†™‹–Š‹–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ǯ•”ƒ•Ǥ—–Šƒ•–Š‡”‡ „‡‡ƒ‡ˆˆ‡ –„‡›‘†–Šƒ–ǫ • ‡ƒ”Ž› ƒ• ͳͻͺͲ‘Ž› ˆ‹ˆ–‡‡ ›‡ƒ”• ƒˆ–‡” –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǯ ˆ‘—†‹‰”ƒ‹‰’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰ Žƒ‹‡†ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–’ƒ”–‹ƒŽ˜‹ –‘”›‘–Šƒ– • ‘”‡ǣ  Š‡ˆƒ ––Šƒ––Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘ ‹‡–›‘ˆƒ””‹•–‡”•Šƒ• ”‡ƒ‹‡†ˆƒ‹–Šˆ—Ž–‘‹–•‡ƒ”Ž›„‡Ž‹‡ˆ•‹•ƒ–”‹„—–‡ǤǤǤ–‘–Š‡ ˜ƒŽ‹†‹–›‘ˆ–Š‘•‡‹†‡ƒŽ•Ǥ†‹–Šƒ•™‘”‡†Ǥ‘‘ƒ”‘—† ›‘—‹•ǯ– –Š‡”‡ Ž‡•• ƒ””‘™‡••ǡ Ž‡•• „‹‰‘–”›ǡ ‘”‡ ‘’‡‡••ǡ ‘”‡ ƒ”Ǧ‹Ǧƒ” ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‡ˆˆ‘”– ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‘‘‰‘‘†‹–Š‡–”‹ƒŽ„ƒ”–‘†ƒ›ǫͳͳ  Š‡–Š‡”–Šƒ–’”‘‰”‡•• ‘–‹—‡•‹•‘– Ž‡ƒ”Ǥ—”‡Ž›–Š‡’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ǯ• ‰‡‡”ƒŽ†”‹ˆ––‘™ƒ”†ƒ„—•‹‡••‘†‡Ž‹•‘–Š‡Ž’ˆ—Žǡ„—–•‘‡™‘—Ž† ƒ”‰—‡–Šƒ––Š‡–”‹ƒŽ„ƒ”Šƒ•„‡‡Ž‡••ƒˆˆ‡ –‡†„›–Šƒ–†”‹ˆ––Šƒ‘•– ‘–Š‡”ƒ”‡ƒ•‘ˆŽƒ™’”ƒ –‹ ‡Ǥ ƒ›‡˜‡–ǡ‹–‹•–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǯ†‡‡’Ž› Š‡Ž†„‡Ž‹‡ˆ–Šƒ––Š‡‘ ‹‡–›‹•ƒ•–”‘‰ˆ‘” ‡ˆ‘” ‹˜‹Ž‹–›ƒ†Š‘‘”‹ –Š‡ ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• ‹ –Š‹• ‹••—‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Quarterly–Š‡ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ–‡•–‹‘‹‡•‘ˆƒ Ž‘—†‘ˆ’ƒ•–’”‡•‹†‡–•ǡ–Š‡Dz‘˜‡–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘ǡdz –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡” ‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• Š‹•–‘”›”‡˜‡ƒŽ –Šƒ– –Š‡ Žƒ”‰‡”‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›—’‘–Š‡–”‹ƒŽ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ ‘‡•ˆ”‘ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ƒ† ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ †‡’–ŠǤ – ‘‡• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡šƒ’Ž‡ ‘ˆ ‹–• ‡ŽŽ‘™•ǡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‹–ƒ‰‹„Ž‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹˜‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡  ͳͳǤ ”ƒ‹‰ ’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰ǡ The Early Daysǡ ͳͷ         ʹͺͷǡʹͻͲȋͳͻͺͲȌǤ ‘”–Š‡ˆ—ŽŽ–‡š–ǡ•‡‡supra•‡ Ǥ ǡ’Ǥ͹ͻǤ

 ͳʹͳ ͳʹʹ     

‡„‡”• ƒ† –Š‡ ‡š–”ƒ‘”†‹ƒ”‹Ž› •—’’‘”–‹˜‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’• ƒ‘‰ –Š‡Ǥ •Š‘”–ǡ–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǯ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ ‘‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ –Š‡Š‹‰Š’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ‹•–Š‡›‡š‡’Ž‹ˆ›ƒ†’‡”•‘ƒŽ™ƒ”–Š–Š‡› ’”‘˜‹†‡Ǥ — Š ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ ‹• ‡ƒ•‹Ž› •‡‡ –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‡„‡”•™Š‘‘ˆˆ‡”‘’‹‹‘•Ž‹‡–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ǣ  Dz‡ ’”‘‘–‡ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‹ƒŽ‹–› „› †‘™’Žƒ›‹‰ what ‘—” ‡„‡”• ƒ”‡‘”Šƒ˜‡ƒ Š‹‡˜‡†ƒ†ˆ‘ —•‹‰‘who–Š‡›ƒ”‡Ǥdz   Dz‡ ˆ‘•–‡” ‹˜‹Ž‹–›ǡ ‘– „› Ž‡ –—”‡•ǡ ‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡•ǡ ‘” ”—Ž‡• ‘ˆ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡ǡ „—– „› ”‡ˆ—•‹‰ –‘ Š‘‘” ƒ† ‰”ƒ– ‡„‡”•Š‹’ –‘ –Š‘•‡™Š‘ƒ”‡— ‹˜‹Žǡ„—ŽŽ›‹‰ǡŽ‘—†ǡ‘”‘’’”‡••‹˜‡Ǥdz  Dz‡‘ †‘™™ƒŽŽ•Ǣ™‡†‡•–”‘›ˆŽƒ™‡†‘–‹‘•–Šƒ–•—‰‰‡•– –Šƒ– ™Šƒ– ’Žƒ‹–‹ˆˆ• Žƒ™›‡”• †‘ ‹• ‘”‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ– –Šƒ ™Šƒ– †‡ˆ‡•‡Žƒ™›‡”•†‘ȋ‘”˜‹ ‡˜‡”•ƒȌǤdz  Dz ›‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ǡ ȏƒ’Žƒ‹–‹ˆˆǯ•Žƒ™›‡”ȐŠƒ˜‡‡–ƒ†ƒ†‡ Žƒ•–‹‰ ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’• ™‹–Š ‘”‡ †‡ˆ‡•‡ Žƒ™›‡”• –Š”‘—‰Š  –Šƒ –Š”‘—‰Š ›‡ƒ”• ™‹–Š ƒ› ‘–Š‡” ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ǡ ™Š‡–Š‡” ǡ ǡǡ›•–ƒ–‡„ƒ” ‘‹––‡‡•ǡ‘”‘–Š‡”™‹•‡Ǥdz  Dz‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡ ƒ ‹†‡’‡†‡– Œ—†‹ ‹ƒ”› „‡ ƒ—•‡ǡ ™‹–Š‘—– ‹–ǡ –Š‡ •›•–‡†‘‡•ǯ–•‹’Ž›„”‡ƒ†‘™ǡ‹–‡˜‡”‰‡–••–ƒ”–‡†‘ƒ ‡˜‡‡‡ŽǤdz  Dz‘”‡ –Šƒ ƒ› ‘–Š‡” ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ ‰”‘—’ ‘ˆ Žƒ™›‡”• ™Š‘ –”› ƒ•‡•‹–Š‡ ‘—”–•ǡ™‡†‘‘––ƒ‡‘—”•‡Ž˜‡•–‘‘•‡”‹‘—•Ž›Ǥdz  Dz‡ —†‡”•–ƒ† –Šƒ– –Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ „‡–™‡‡ ‘—” ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ ƒ† ‘—” ™‘”–Š ƒ• Š—ƒ „‡‹‰•Ǥ ‡ Ž‘˜‡ –Š‘•‡ ”ƒ†‘ƒ –•‘ˆ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ ƒ”‹‰–Šƒ–‘—”‡„‡”•‡‰ƒ‰‡ ‹ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™ƒǤdz    ǤǤǤ   ͳʹ͵

Dz–‘—””‡–”‡ƒ–•™‡†”‘’–Š‡ˆƒ­ƒ†‡ƒ†’‡”‹–‘–Š‡”•–‘•‡‡ ™Š‘™‡ƒ”‡‹–Š‡‘•–‹’‘”–ƒ–ǡ’”‹˜ƒ–‡”‡•’‡ –•ȏ–Š‘•‡Ȑ ”‡Žƒ–‹‰–‘ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”ǡ‹–‡‰”‹–›ǡˆƒ‹Ž›ǡƒ†ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’Ǥdz  Š‡•‡ ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘• ƒ† ‘—–Ž‡•• ‘–Š‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ –‡‘” ”‡˜‡ƒŽ–Š‡Š‡ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ ‘•– ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‡‰ƒŽ ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ǯ• ˜ƒ•– Šƒ‰‡• ‹ Žƒ•– ˆ‹ˆ–› ›‡ƒ”• ™‡”‡‘–ˆ‘”‡•‡‡ǡƒ†‘‘‡ ƒƒ–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡ Ž‡ƒ”Ž›–Š‡ Šƒ‰‡•–‘ ‘‡Ǥ —– ‘ ƒ––‡” ™Šƒ– –Šƒ– ˆ—–—”‡ „”‹‰•ǡ –Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ‘‰ –Š‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–› ‘ˆ ƒ””‹•–‡”• ƒ †‡‡’ ˆƒ‹–Š –Šƒ– Š‹‰Š ‘’‡–‡ ‡ǡ—“—‡•–‹‘ƒ„Ž‡‹–‡‰”‹–›ǡƒ† ƒ”‹‰ˆ‘”‘–Š‡”•‘–‘Ž› ƒ‡• –Š‡‹” ‘™ Ž‹˜‡• ‘”‡ ”‡™ƒ”†‹‰ „—–ǡ ƒ„‘˜‡ ƒŽŽǡ Š‘Ž†• –Š‡ ’”‘‹•‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ”‹’’Ž‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ – –Šƒ– ‡‘„Ž‡• ‘—” ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘Ǥ ‡ Ž‘‘ ˆ‘”™ƒ”†–‘–Š‡‡š–ˆ‹ˆ–›‡ƒ‰‡”Ž›ǡƒ†™‹–Š‘’–‹‹•ƒ†Š‘’‡Ǥ ͳʹͶ     

          ȗȗȗ 

IX THE CONVENTIONS OF THE CONVENTION  Michael A. Kelly  Newly elected members of the Barristers Society are formally inducted at the first session of each annual convention. Before they and their spouses are welcomed individually, a senior Fellow speaks to them about the traditions (the “conventions”) of its annual meetings and of the Society itself. These presentations inform and instruct the new members, of course, but they also refresh the recollections of the earlier members and play an important role in maintaining the group’s unique spirit. A roster of those who have spoken thus on the Society’s behalf once or more includes Craig Spangenberg, M. J. Bruckner, Joel Boyden, John Reed, Jack Liber (most frequent), and Michael Kelly. Mr. Kelly spoke at the 2014 meeting in Hawaii, and his version of the Conventions of the Convention is printed here.  – ‹•› ’”‹˜‹Ž‡‰‡ –‘ ™‡Ž ‘‡ ‡ƒ Š‘ˆ ›‘— –‘ –Š‡Ͷͻ–Š —ƒŽ ‡‡–‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ ‹‡–› ‘ˆ ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ  „‡ŠƒŽˆ ‘ˆ › ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™ƒ””‹•–‡”•ƒ†–Š‡‹”’ƒ”–‡”•ƒ†•’‘—•‡•ǡŽ‡–‡‡š–‡†ƒ ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ› ™ƒ” ™‡Ž ‘‡ –‘ –Š‘•‡ ‘ˆ ›‘— ™Š‘ ƒ”‡ ƒ––‡†‹‰ ›‘—” ˜‡”›ˆ‹”•–ƒ””‹•–‡” ‘˜‡–‹‘Ǥ‡™ƒ–›‘—–‘‘™Š‘™Šƒ’’›™‡ ƒ”‡–Šƒ–›‘—Šƒ˜‡Œ‘‹‡†—•ǡƒ†™‡Š‘’‡–Šƒ––Š‹•™‹ŽŽ„‡Œ—•––Š‡ ˆ‹”•–‘ˆƒ›ƒ””‹•–‡”ƒ—ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰•‹›‘—”ˆ—–—”‡•Ǥ Š‡•‡‘’‡‹‰”‡ƒ”•ƒ”‡‹–‡†‡†’”‹ƒ”‹Ž›ˆ‘”–Š‘•‡‘ˆ›‘— •’‘”–‹‰”‡†„ƒ†‰‡•‘—”‡™‹†— –‡‡•ƒ†›‘—”‰—‡•–•Ǥ  ’‡”•‘ƒŽŽ› ”‡ ƒŽŽ •‹––‹‰ ‘—– –Š‡”‡ ‹ –Š‡ ˆ”‘– ”‘™ǡ ‡šƒ –Ž› ™Š‡”‡›‘—ƒ”‡ǡ‹ƒ” Š‘ˆͳͻͻͺƒ––Š‡ —ƒŽƒŽƒǯ‹‡•‘”–‹ ƒ™ƒ‹‹ǡ ™Š‡”‡ ‘‡Ž‘›†‡‘ˆ‹ Š‹‰ƒ‰ƒ˜‡–Š‹•ƒ††”‡••Ǥ ”‡‡„‡”„‡‹‰ –Š‡‘Ž›’‡”•‘™Š‘™ƒ•—ƒ ‘’ƒ‹‡†„›Š‹••’‘—•‡‘”’ƒ”–‡”ǡ ƒ† „‡‹‰ ‘ˆ—•‡† ƒ• –‘ ™Š‡–Š‡”  •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ™‡ƒ”‹‰ ƒ –‹‡ǡ ‘” ƒ

 ͳʹͷ ͳʹ͸     

ƒ™ƒ‹‹ƒ •Š‹”–ǡ ‘” „‘–ŠǤ  Š‘•‡ ‡‹–Š‡”ǡ ƒ† ’”‘ ‡‡†‡† –‘ –Š‡ ‘”‹‰ǯ• ˆ‹”•– ‡‡–‹‰ “—‹–‡ — ‡”–ƒ‹ ƒ• –‘ ™Šƒ– › ‘‹ƒ–‘” Šƒ†‰‘––‡‡‹–‘Ǥ •  Ž‡ƒ”‡† ˆ”‘ ‘‡Ž ‘›†‡ –Šƒ– ‘”‹‰ǡ ƒ† ƒ• ›‘— Š‘’‡ˆ—ŽŽ› ™‹ŽŽ Ž‡ƒ” ˆ”‘ ‡ǡ –Š‹• ‹• ‘– –Š‡ –›’‹ ƒŽ Ž‡‰ƒŽ Š‘‘” •‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ Š‹•‹• ‘– ƒ ’Žƒ ‡ ™Š‡”‡ •‡ŽˆǦ‹’‘”–ƒ– ™‹†„ƒ‰• •‡‡‹‰ ƒ†—Žƒ–‹‘‘””‡ˆ‡””ƒŽ‘ˆ‡™ ƒ•‡•ƒ”‡ˆ‘—†ǡ‘”‹•‹–ƒ’Žƒ ‡™Š‡”‡ Ž‹“—‡•‘ˆ‡š‹•–‹‰‡„‡”•Šƒ˜‡ƒ’”‹˜ƒ–‡’ƒ”–›™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡‰‡‡”ƒŽ ‡„‡”•Š‹’Ž‘‘•‘ƒ†™‘†‡”•™Š‘–Š‡Š‡ –Š‘•‡’‡‘’Ž‡ƒ”‡Ǥ ‘ǡ–Š‹•‹•ƒ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹†‘ˆŽ‡‰ƒŽƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘™Š‡”‡™‡ƒ”‡ƒ –—ƒŽŽ› ‹–‡”‡•–‡† ‹ ™Š‘ ›‘— ƒ”‡ ƒ† ™Šƒ– ›‘— Ž‹‡ǡ ‘– ™Šƒ– ›‘— Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ‘’Ž‹•Š‡†ǡ‘”™Šƒ–›‘— ƒ†‘ˆ‘”—•Ǥ ‘•‹•–‡– ™‹–Š –Šƒ– –Š‡‡ǡ ›‘— •Š‘—Ž† ‘™ –Šƒ– ‘ ‘‡ ‹ –Š‹• ‰”‘—’ Šƒ• ƒ› •’‡ ‹ƒŽ ’”‹˜‹Ž‡‰‡ ‘” •–ƒ–—•Ǥ  ‡”–ƒ‹Ž› Šƒ˜‡ ‘ •’‡ ‹ƒŽ”‹‰Š–‘”•–ƒ†‹‰‹–Š‡‰”‘—’ǡ™Š‹ Š‡–‹–Ž‡•‡–‘ƒ‡–Š‹• ƒ††”‡••Ǥ ŽŽ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‹• •‘ ‹‡–› ƒ”‡ ‘‡ƒ ™‘”‹‰ ’”‘Ž‡–ƒ”‹ƒ– ‘ˆ ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ –”‹ƒŽ Žƒ™›‡”• ™Š‘ǡ ˆ‘” –Š‹• ‘‡ ™‡‡ ƒ ›‡ƒ”ǡ‡‡–ˆ‘””‡•–ǡ”‡Žƒšƒ–‹‘ǡ„ƒ––‡”›”‡ Šƒ”‰‹‰ǡƒ†”‡‡™ƒŽǤ† –Šƒ–ǡ „‡Ž‹‡˜‡ǡ‹•ƒ’‡”ˆ‡ –•‡‰—‡‹–‘–Š‡’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•ƒ†–”ƒ†‹–‹‘•‘ˆ –Š‹• •‘ ‹‡–›ǡ ƒ —‹“—‡ ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ˜ƒ•– •‡ƒ ‘ˆ Ž‡‰ƒŽ Š‘‘”ƒ”›ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ‡„‡Ž‹‡˜‡–Šƒ–›‘—‡™‡„‡”•ƒ”‡ƒ„‘—––‘‡„ƒ”‘ƒ —‹“—‡ ƒ† ‡”‹ Š‹‰ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡Ǥ ‘ •‹– „ƒ ǡ ”‡Žƒšǡ ƒ† ‘’‡ ›‘—” Š‡ƒ”–•ƒ†‹†•–‘–Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰‘ˆ›‘—”‡„‡”•Š‹’‹–Š‹•™ƒ” ƒ†‡†‡ƒ”‹‰ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™•Š‹’™‡ ƒŽŽ–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ ‹–Š–Š‹•‘’‡‹‰ƒ††”‡••™‡”‡‹†‘—”•‡Ž˜‡•‘ˆ™Š‘™‡ƒ”‡ ƒ† ™Š› ™‡ ƒ”‡ Š‡”‡Ǥ ‘” ›‘—ǡ –Š‡ ‡™ ‡„‡”•ǡ –Š‡ ƒ††”‡•• ‹• ‰‹˜‡ •‘ –Šƒ– ›‘— ™‹ŽŽ —†‡”•–ƒ† –Š‡ ”—Ž‡• ƒ† –”ƒ†‹–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǡ–‘ƒš‹‹œ‡›‘—”‡Œ‘›‡–ǡƒ†–‘‹’”‡••—’‘›‘—–Š‡ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡‘ˆŠƒ˜‹‰‡–‡”‡†‹–‘–Š‹•Š‘‘”ƒ„Ž‡ ‘’ƒ›Ǥ ƒ Šƒ†‡˜‡”›‘‡‘ˆ›‘—™Š‘Šƒ•„‡‡ Š‘•‡ˆ‘”‹†— –‹‘ –‘†ƒ›‹• ‘•‹†‡”‡†„››‘—”’‡‡”•ƒ•„‡‹‰–”—Ž›‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰‹–Š‡ ˆ‹‡Ž† ‘ˆ –”‹ƒŽ ƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›ǡ ‘” ›‘— ™‘—Ž† ‘– „‡ Š‡”‡Ǥ – ™ƒ• –‘ Š‘‘”  ǤǤǤ   ͳʹ͹

–Š‘•‡•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ –ƒŽ‡–•ƒ†ƒ––”‹„—–‡•›‘—’‘••‡••–Šƒ––Š‡‘ ‹‡–›™ƒ• ”‡ƒ–‡†ˆ‘”–›Ǧ‹‡›‡ƒ”•ƒ‰‘Ǥ ‡„‡”•Š‹’‹–Š‹••‘ ‹‡–›‹• •–”‹ –Ž› Ž‹‹–‡†–‘–”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”• ™Š‘ ƒ”‡ ”‡‰ƒ”†‡† „› –Š‡‹” ’‡‡”•ǡ ƒ† „› –Š‡ Œ—†‰‡• „‡ˆ‘”‡ ™Š‘ –Š‡›’”ƒ –‹ ‡ǡƒ•–”—Ž›‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰‹–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆ–”‹ƒŽƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›Ǥ  ƒ ‰—ƒ”ƒ–‡‡ –Šƒ– ‡ƒ Š ‘‡ ‘ˆ ›‘— Šƒ• Šƒ† ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•– ‘‡ Œ—†‰‡ ‹ ›‘—” ‘‹ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘Ž†‡”™Š‘Šƒ• ‘‡–‡†–Šƒ–›‘—ƒ”‡‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹‡•– –”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”•–‘‡˜‡”ƒ’’‡ƒ”‹Š‹•‘”Š‡” ‘—”–”‘‘Ǥ ‘ ›‘— ƒ”‡ Š‡”‡ „‡ ƒ—•‡ ‘ˆ ‡š ‡ŽŽ‡ ‡ ‹ ƒ†˜‘ ƒ › ƒ† ‡š‡’Žƒ”› ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ‹• ‹ ƒŽŽ †‡ƒŽ‹‰• ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘—”– ƒ† ‘’’‘•‹‰ ‘—•‡ŽǤŠ‘•‡ƒ”‡–Š‡ ‘”‡˜ƒŽ—‡•‘ˆ–Š‹•‰”‘—’Ǥ Š‹Ž‡ –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ‡”–ƒ‹Ž› ‰‹ˆ–‡† ƒ† –‡””‹ˆ‹  Žƒ™›‡”• ‹ ‘–Š‡” ‹ Š‡• ‘ˆ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡ǡ ™‡ ‡‹–Š‡” Š‘‘” –Š‡ Š‡”‡ ‘” ‹˜‹–‡ –Š‡ –‘ ‡„‡”•Š‹’ǤŠ‡”‡ƒ”‡‘–Š‡”•‘ ‹‡–‹‡•ǡƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘•ǡ‘” ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡•ˆ‘” –Š‘•‡ ™Š‘ ƒ› „‡ ‡š ‡ŽŽ‡– ‹ ƒ’’‡ŽŽƒ–‡ ƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›ǡ ‡”‰‡”•ǡ ‡†‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ „ƒ”—’– ›ǡ ƒ”„‹–”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡ǡ ’”‡–”‹ƒŽ’”‘ ‡†—”‡ǡ‘”•‡––Ž‡‡–Ǥ—––Š‡”ƒ•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ƒ”‡ ”‡•–”‹ –‡†–‘–”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”•ǡƒ†‘Ž›–”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”•ǡ™‹–Š‘—–”‡‰ƒ”†–‘ –Š‡ ƒ–—”‡ ‘ˆ ’”ƒ –‹ ‡™Š‡–Š‡” ‘‡” ‹ƒŽ Ž‹–‹‰ƒ–‹‘ǡ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ‹Œ—”›ǡ ”‹‹ƒŽ ’”‘•‡ —–‹‘ ‘” †‡ˆ‡•‡ǡ †‘‡•–‹  ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ ‹˜‹Ž ”‹‰Š–•ǡ’ƒ–‡–ƒ†–”ƒ†‡ƒ”ǡ„—•‹‡••Ž‹–‹‰ƒ–‹‘–Š‡„‡•–‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒ” ™Š‘–”› ƒ•‡•–‘Œ—”‹‡•ƒ”‡–Š‡’‡‘’Ž‡™‡Š‘‘”ƒ†™‡Ž ‘‡Ǥ Š‡–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•™ƒ•ˆ‹”•– ”‡ƒ–‡†„ƒ ‹–Š‡ͳͻ͸Ͳ•ǡ–Š‡ –”‹ƒŽ „ƒ” Šƒ† „‡‰— •’Ž‹–‡”‹‰ ‹–‘ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ˆ”ƒ –‹‘ƒŽ‹œ‡† ƒ† •‡‰”‡‰ƒ–‡† •’‡ ‹ƒŽ–› ‰”‘—’•Ǥ Š‹• Šƒ† ’”‘†— ‡† ‰”‘™‹‰ †‹˜‹•‹˜‡‡••ǡ ƒ–ƒ‰‘‹•ǡ ƒ† Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ† ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ƒ‰‡†ƒ• „‡–™‡‡’Žƒ‹–‹ˆˆƒ††‡ˆ‡•‡ ‘—•‡ŽǤ Š‡ ˆ‘—†‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”• „‡Ž‹‡˜‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ –”‹ƒŽ „ƒ” •Š‘—Ž†‘–„‡•‘†‹˜‹†‡†ǡ–Šƒ–ƒŽŽ–”‹ƒŽ•‹ŽŽ•ƒ”‡‹–‡” Šƒ‰‡ƒ„Ž‡ǡƒ† –Šƒ–ƒŽƒ™›‡”‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰‹‘‡ƒ””‘™ˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆ•’‡ ‹ƒŽ–›ǡ™Š‡–Š‡” ”‡’”‡•‡–‹‰’Žƒ‹–‹ˆˆ•‘”†‡ˆ‡†ƒ–•ǡ ‘—Ž†”‡ƒ†‹Ž›ƒ•–‡”ƒ›‘–Š‡” ˆ‹‡Ž† Š‡ ‘” •Š‡ ‹‰Š– Š‘‘•‡Ǥ ‘” –Šƒ– ”‡ƒ•‘ǡ –Š‹• ‰”‘—’ ™ƒ• ’—”’‘•‡Ž›†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†–‘Šƒ˜‡‘ƒ‰‡†ƒ‘–Š‡”–Šƒ’”‘˜‹†‡ƒ’Žƒ ‡ ͳʹͺ     

ˆ‘””‡•–ǡ”‡Žƒšƒ–‹‘ǡƒ†”‡‡™ƒŽˆ‘”–Š‘•‡’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ•–‘‹Ž‹‰‹–Š‡ ‘—”–•‘ƒ”‡‰—Žƒ”„ƒ•‹•Ǥ†–Šƒ–‹•™Š››‘—ǡƒ† ǡƒ”‡Š‡”‡Ǥ Šǡ„—–™Šƒ–ƒ„‘—––Š‡”—Ž‡•ǫƒ–Š‡”‹‡ ‡’„—”‘ ‡•ƒ‹†ǡDz ˆ ›‘—‘„‡›ƒŽŽ–Š‡”—Ž‡•›‘—‹••ƒŽŽ–Š‡ˆ—Ǥdz ‡—†‡”•–ƒ†–Šƒ–ǡ•‘‘—””—Ž‡•ƒ”‡ˆ‡™‹—„‡”ƒ†–Š‡› ƒ”‡‹–‡†‡†–‘ƒš‹‹œ‡–Š‡ˆ—Ǥ‡Šƒ˜‡„—–ˆ‹˜‡ ‡–”ƒŽ”—Ž‡•‘” ’”‡ ‡’–• Š‡”‡Ǥ ˜‡” –‹‡ǡ –Š‡› Šƒ˜‡ ‘‡ –‘ „‡ ‘™ ƒ• –Š‡ Dz‘˜‡–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡–‹‘Ǥdz Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘• ‹• ’‡”Šƒ’• ‘‡ ›‘—ǯ˜‡ ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› ‘„•‡”˜‡† ƒ† ‹˜‘Ž˜‡• –Š‡ ‘ ‡’– ‘ˆ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‹ƒŽ‹–›ǡ –Š‡ —‹“—‡ ˆ”‹‡†Ž‹‡••ƒ† ƒƒ”ƒ†ƒ”‹‡–Šƒ–ƒ”‡ƒŠƒŽŽƒ”‘ˆ–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ƒ† ˆ‘”–Š‡˜‡”›„ƒ•‹•ˆ‘”‹–•‡š‹•–‡ ‡Ǥ Š‡ ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡„‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ ‹‡–› ‘ˆ ƒ””‹•–‡”•ƒ†ƒŽŽ‘–Š‡”Ž‡‰ƒŽƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”•Ž‹‡•‹–Š‡ ’—”’‘•‡• Žƒ—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆ  ‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥƒ”ƒ‰”ƒ’Šͺ‘ˆ–Š‡ Žƒ—•‡•–ƒ–‡•–Š‡’—”’‘•‡Dz–‘ƒ„‘Ž‹•Šƒ›ƒ‹‘•‹–›„‡–™‡‡ ‘—•‡Ž ”‡’”‡•‡–‹‰ ’Žƒ‹–‹ˆˆ• ƒ† †‡ˆ‡†ƒ–• ƒ† –‘ ’”‘†— ‡ ”‡ ‘‰‹–‹‘ –Šƒ–ƒŽŽ–”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”•ƒ”‡ƒ†˜‘ ƒ–‡•ˆ—ŽŽ›”‡’”‡•‡–‹‰–Š‡”‹‰Š–•‘ˆƒŽŽ Ž‹‡–•Ǥdz Š‡‘ ‹‡–›™ƒ• ”‡ƒ–‡†‹ƒŠ‘–‡Ž”‘‘‹Š‹ ƒ‰‘‘—‰—•– ʹ†ǡͳͻ͸ͷǡ„›ˆ‘—”‡ƒŽŽŽ‡‰‡†ƒ”›‰‹ƒ–•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ–”‹ƒŽ„ƒ”Ǥ Š‡› ™‡”‡ ‘Š ’’Ž‡ƒ ‘ˆ Š‹ ƒ‰‘ǡ ‘Š —‡””‹ ‘ˆ ‘”–Žƒ†ǡ ”‡‰‘ǡ—””ƒ›ƒ•‘ˆ‹ƒ‹ƒ†”ƒ‹‰’ƒ‰‡„‡”‰‘ˆŽ‡˜‡Žƒ†Ǥ ‘‰ –Š‡ ˆ‘—” ‘ˆ –Š‡ǡ ‘‡ ‘” ƒ‘–Š‡” Š‡Ž† ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™•Š‹’• ‘” ‡„‡”•Š‹’•‹–Š‡’”‡‹‡”Ž‡‰ƒŽ•‘ ‹‡–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡–‹‡ǣ–Š‡‡”‹ ƒ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ ‘ˆ ”‹ƒŽ ƒ™›‡”•ǡ –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ  ƒ†‡› ‘ˆ ”‹ƒŽ ƒ™›‡”•ǡ –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •—”ƒ ‡ ‘—•‡Žǡ –Š‡ ‡†‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •—”ƒ ‡ ‘—•‡Žǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ‹Ž”‘ƒ†”‹ƒŽ‘—•‡ŽǤ –Š‡”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆ  ‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ–Š‡›•‡–ˆ‘”–Šƒ„‡Ž‹‡ˆ•Šƒ”‡† „›–Š‡ˆ‘—”‘ˆ–Š‡–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ”–ƒ†•‹ŽŽ•‘ˆƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›ƒ”‡—‹˜‡”•ƒŽ ƒ†–Šƒ–ƒ‹†‡’‡†‡–ƒ† ‘—”ƒ‰‡‘—•–”‹ƒŽ„ƒ”‹•Œ—•–ƒ•‡••‡–‹ƒŽ –‘–Š‡’”‡•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ”‹‰Š–•ƒ•–Š‡‹ŽŽ‘ˆ‹‰Š–•ǤŠ‡›ƒŽ•‘  ǤǤǤ   ͳʹͻ

†‡ Žƒ”‡†–Š‡‹”‘’’‘•‹–‹‘–‘–Š‡‘–‹‘–Šƒ–ƒƒ†˜‡”•ƒ”›•›•–‡™ƒ• ‹–‡†‡†–‘„‡ƒƒ–ƒ‰‘‹•–•›•–‡‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡ Žƒ•Š‘ˆ‹†‡ƒ•Šƒ† –‘„‡ƒ– Š‡†„›ƒ Žƒ•Š‘ˆ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–‹‡•Ǥ Š‹•Žƒ•–’‘‹–ǡ–Š‡’”‹ ‹’Ž‡‘ˆ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‹ƒŽ‹–›ǡƒ†–Š‡ƒ„‘Ž‹–‹‘‘ˆ ƒ‹‘•‹–›„‡–™‡‡ ‘—•‡Žǡ‹•–Š‡ ‘”‡”•–‘‡‘ˆ‘—”‡š‹•–‡ ‡Ǥ ‘” –Šƒ–”‡ƒ•‘™‡†‘‹•‹•–‘–Š‹•‘‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ˆ”‘‡ƒ Š‘ˆ›‘—–Šƒ– ™‹–Š‹–Š‹•ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™•Š‹’›‘—Š‘‡ƒ†’‘Ž‹•Š›‘—”•‡•‡‘ˆ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‹ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ †ǡˆ”ƒŽ›ǡ›‘—™‘—Ž†ǯ–„‡Š‡”‡–‘†ƒ›—Ž‡••™‡™‡”‡–Š‘”‘—‰ŠŽ› ‘˜‹ ‡†–Šƒ–›‘— ‘—Ž††‘Œ—•––Šƒ–Ǥ Š‡•‡ ‘† ‘˜‡–‹‘Šƒ•–‘†‘™‹–Š‘—”‰‘˜‡”ƒ ‡ǡ–Š‡™ƒ› ‹™Š‹ Š™‡‰‘˜‡”‘—”•‡Ž˜‡•Ǥ‘„‘†›”—•ˆ‘”‘ˆˆ‹ ‡Š‡”‡Ǥ †‡‡†ǡ‹– ‹••–‹ŽŽƒ›•–‡”›–‘‡Š‘™ ‡˜‡”„‡ ƒ‡’”‡•‹†‡–‘ˆ–Š‹•‰”‘—’Ǥ Š‡ ‘ ‡’– ‘ˆ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ’‘Ž‹–‹ • ‹• ˆ‘”„‹††‡Ǥ Š‹• •‡ ‘† ‘˜‡–‹‘‹•‘‡‘ˆ‘—”‘•–‹’‘”–ƒ–”—Ž‡•Ǥ•ˆƒ”ƒ•Ž‹ˆ‡‹ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•‹• ‘ ‡”‡†ǡ‹–‹•‘––Š‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™™Š‘•‡‡•–Š‡‘ˆˆ‹ ‡ǡ„—– –Š‡ ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡ –Šƒ– •‡‡• –Š‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™Ǥ ƒ’ƒ‹‰‹‰ ‘” ’‘Ž‹–‹ ‹‰ ‹ƒ› ˆ‘”ǡ™Š‡–Š‡”‘˜‡”–ǡ•—„–Ž‡‘”•—„Ž‹‹ƒŽǡ‹•—ƒ ‡’–ƒ„Ž‡Š‡”‡ƒ––Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‘—†‡”• ”‡ ‘‰‹œ‡† –Šƒ– Ž‹ˆ‡ ‹• –‘‘ •Š‘”– ˆ‘” ’‘Ž‹–‹ • ‘ ˜ƒ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‘—†‹‰ †‘ —‡–• ‰ƒ˜‡ –Š‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ ƒ •›•–‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ •‡Ž‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘ƒ”† ‡„‡”• ƒ† ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”• –Šƒ– ‹˜‘Ž˜‡• ‘ ƒ’ƒ‹‰‹‰Ǥ ˆˆ‹ ‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–› ƒ† ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘ƒ”† ‘ˆ ‘˜‡”‘”•ƒ”‡‘‹ƒ–‡†„›ƒ‘‹ƒ–‹‰‘‹––‡‡ ‘•‹•–‹‰‘ˆ ’ƒ•– ’”‡•‹†‡–•Ǥ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• ‘ƒ”† ‘ˆ ‘˜‡”‘”• ƒ”‡ ‡Ž‡ –‡†„›˜‘‹ ‡˜‘–‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡„‡”•Š‹’ƒ––Š‡ƒ—ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰ǡƒ† –Š‡‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”•ƒ”‡–Š‡‡Ž‡ –‡†„›–Š‡‘ƒ”†‘ˆ ‘˜‡”‘”•Ǥ Š‡ –Š‹”† ‘˜‡–‹‘ ‹˜‘Ž˜‡• –Š‡ ˆƒ – –Šƒ– ‘ ‘‡ Š‡”‡ Šƒ• ƒ›–Š‹‰–‘’”‘˜‡Ǥ––Š‡•‡‡‡–‹‰•ǡ–Š‡–”‹ƒŽŽƒ™›‡”‹•‡š’‡ –‡†–‘ „‡ •‹’Ž› Š‹•‡Žˆ ‘” Š‡”•‡ŽˆǤ ‘” –Š‡ ”‡•– ‘ˆ –Š‹• ™‡‡ǡ Œ—•– –ƒ‡ ƒ †‡‡’ „”‡ƒ–Šǡ ”‡Žƒšǡ ƒ† ‡Œ‘› ›‘—”•‡ŽˆǤ ‘—ǯ”‡ ‘– ‘ –”‹ƒŽ Š‡”‡Ǥ ‘—ǯ”‡ ‘– ‹ ‘’‡–‹–‹‘ ™‹–Š ƒ›‘‡Ǥ ‘— ƒ”‡ Š‡”‡ ’”‡ ‹•‡Ž› „‡ ƒ—•‡›‘—”’‡‡”•Šƒ˜‡already”‡ ‘‰‹œ‡†›‘—ƒ•„‡‹‰‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ͳ͵Ͳ     

˜‡”›„‡•–‘ˆ–”‹ƒŽ’”ƒ –‹–‹‘‡”•Ǥ‘—™‡”‡•‡Ž‡ –‡†Ǥ‘—†‹†‘–ƒ’’Ž›Ǥ ‘—™‡”‡•‡Ž‡ –‡†–‘Œ‘‹‘—””ƒ•™‹–Š‘—–”‡‰ƒ”†–‘™Š‡–Š‡” ›‘—ǯ”‡ƒ’Žƒ‹–‹ˆˆ‘”†‡ˆ‡•‡Žƒ™›‡”ǡ™Š‡–Š‡”›‘— ‘‡ˆ”‘ƒˆ‹” ™‹–Š ƒ ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡ ‘ ‡˜‡”› ‘–‹‡– ‘” ƒ •‘Ž‡ ’”ƒ –‹–‹‘‡” ‹ ƒ –‘™ ™‹–Š‘–Š‹‰‘”‡–Šƒƒ Š—” Šǡƒ ‘—”–Š‘—•‡ǡƒ†ƒ’Žƒ ‡–‘‰‡–ƒ ‘Ž†„‡‡”Ǥ –†‘‡•ǯ–ƒ––‡”Ǥ‡†‘ǯ– ƒ”‡Ǥ‘—ƒ”‡Š‡”‡„‡ ƒ—•‡›‘— ƒ”‡‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰ƒ–™Šƒ–›‘—†‘Ǥ Š‡ˆ‘—”–Š ‘˜‡–‹‘†‘˜‡–ƒ‹Ž•™‹–Š–Š‡–Š‹”†ǡƒ††‡ƒŽ•™‹–Š ƒˆ—”–Š‡”’”‘Š‹„‹–‹‘‘–”›‹‰–‘‹’”‡••—•ƒ›‘”‡–Šƒ™‡ƒ”‡ ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› ‹’”‡••‡†Ǥ  ‡ ‹ –Š‹• •‡Ž‡ – ‘’ƒ›ǡ –Š‡”‡ǯ• ‘–Š‹‰ ‘”‡–Šƒ–›‘—Šƒ˜‡–‘•ƒ›‘”†‘™‹–Š”‡‰ƒ”†–‘›‘—”“—ƒŽ‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘•‹ ‘”†‡”ˆ‘”›‘—–‘„‡ƒ ‡’–‡†‹–‘–Š‹•‰”‘—’ǤŠƒ–‹•ƒ‰‹˜‡Ǥ‘—†‘ ‘–Šƒ˜‡–‘–‡ŽŽ—•™Šƒ–›‘—ƒ”‡ǡ‘”™Šƒ–›‘—–Š‹›‘—ƒ”‡ǡ‘”™Šƒ– ›‘— Šƒ˜‡ †‘‡ǡ „‡ ƒ—•‡ ›‘—” ‡”‡ •‡Ž‡ –‹‘ ˆ‘” ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™•Š‹’ Šƒ• ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›’”‘˜‡†–Šƒ–Ǥ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–ǡƒ––Š‡•‡‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‡‘ ‹‡–›ǡ‹– ‹• ‘•‹†‡”‡† ‡‹–Š‡” †‡•‹”ƒ„Ž‡ ‘” ’”‘’‡” –‘ –ƒŽ ƒ„‘—– ›‘—” ’‡”•‘ƒŽ Ž‡‰ƒŽ ƒ ‘’Ž‹•Š‡–•ǡ –Š‡ •–ƒ–—• ƒ† ”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ›‘—” Žƒ™ ˆ‹”ǡ –Š‡ •‹œ‡ ‘” ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ›‘—” Œ—”› ˜‡”†‹ –•ǡ ‘” Š‘™ ›‘— Šƒ˜‡•‹‰Ž‡ǦŠƒ†‡†Ž›’”‡•‡”˜‡†‡ƒ Š‘ˆ‘—”‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽˆ”‡‡†‘•ǡƒ† Ž‹ˆ‡ƒ•™‡‘™‹–ǡ‹ƒˆ”‡‡•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ  –Š‹• †‹‰‹–ƒŽ ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ •‡ŽˆǦ’”‘‘–‹‘ǡ –ƒŽ‹‰ ™‡„•‹–‡•ǡ ‘‘‰Ž‡ ƒ† ™‘”†•ǡ ’ƒ› ’‡” Ž‹ ǡ ‹†‹‰Š–  ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰ǡ Žƒ™Ǧˆ‹” ƒ† Žƒ™›‡”–™‡‡–‹‰ǡƒ†˜‹•‹–•–‘›‘—”†‡•–‘’„›—•‘Ž‹ ‹–‡†‡Ž‡ –”‘‹  ‡••ƒ‰‡• ƒ† ‡™•Ž‡––‡”•ǡ ˆƒ” –‘‘ — Š ‘ˆ ™Šƒ– ™‡ ”‡ƒ† ƒ† •‡‡ Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–•‘—”ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™Žƒ™›‡”•ǯ’”‹†‡‹–Š‡‹”‘™ƒ Š‹‡˜‡‡–•Ǥ‘”‡ –Šƒƒ›–‹‡  ƒ”‡ ƒŽŽ‹›’”ƒ –‹ ‡ǡ–‘†ƒ›‘”‡Žƒ™›‡”•–Šƒ ‡˜‡”Šƒ˜‡„‡ ‘‡Ž‡‰‡†•‹–Š‡‹”‘™‹†•Ǥ—–‘–Š‡”‡ƒ––Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•Ǥ —” •‡Ž‡ –‹‘ ’”‘ ‡•• ˆ‘ —•‡• ‘ ™Š‘ ›‘— ƒ”‡ ‘”‡ –Šƒ ‘ ™Šƒ–›‘—Šƒ˜‡†‘‡Ǥ –Šƒ•‡˜‡”„‡‡ƒ†‡˜‡”™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒ ”‹–‡”‹‘ ˆ‘”‡„‡”•Š‹’–Šƒ–›‘——•–ˆ‹”•–™‹ƒ‡‘”‘—• ƒ•‡Ǥ †‡‡†ǡ‹ˆ ™‡ ƒ”‡ ‘””‡ – ƒ„‘—– –Š‘•‡ “—ƒŽ‹–‹‡• –Šƒ– ƒ‡ ›‘— •’‡ ‹ƒŽǡ ƒ† “—ƒŽ‹ˆ››‘—ˆ‘”‡„‡”•Š‹’ǡ‹ˆ–Š‡ ƒ•‡™ƒ•–Šƒ–„‹‰ƒ†–Šƒ–‰‘‘†ǡ  ǤǤǤ   ͳ͵ͳ

–Š‡›‘—•Š‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡™‘‹–‹–Š‡ˆ‹”•–’Žƒ ‡•‘™Š›„”ƒ‰ƒ„‘—–‹–ǫ Š‘•‡Ž‘‘‹‰ˆ‘”’”ƒ‹•‡‹–Š‡’”‡••‘”Š‡ƒ†Ž‹‡•’”‘ Žƒ‹‹‰ –Š‡‹” ‰”‡ƒ–‡•• ™‹ŽŽ ‡˜‡” „‡ ˆ‘—† Ž‹•–‡† ‹ ‘—” ”‘•–‡”Ǥ ‘ƒ•–‹‰ ƒ„‘—– ƒ•‡• ™‘ǡ ‘” ”‡•—Ž–• ƒ Š‹‡˜‡†ǡ ‘” ƒ› •— Š –‘’‹ • ƒ”‡ ‘– ƒ ‡’–ƒ„Ž‡ƒ†‹• ‘•‹†‡”‡†„ƒ†ƒ‡”•Ǥ•›‘—™‹ŽŽ•‡‡†—”‹‰–Š‡ ™‡‡–‘ ‘‡ǡ™‡ƒ”‡ƒŽŽŠ‡”‡–‘‡• ƒ’‡‡šƒ –Ž›–Š‘•‡–›’‡•‘ˆ†ƒ‹Ž› ‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘• ƒ† –‘ –Š”‹˜‡ ‹ –Š‡ ”‡•– ƒ† ”‡Žƒšƒ–‹‘ –Šƒ– ƒ ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™•Š‹’‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ˆ‹‡’‡‘’Ž‡’”‘˜‹†‡•Ǥ ‡ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ Ž‘– ‘ˆ ˆ— Š‡”‡Ǥ ‡ †‘ ‘– –ƒ‡ ‘—”•‡Ž˜‡• ˜‡”› •‡”‹‘—•Ž›Ǥ•‘‡‘ˆ‘—”‹ ‘‹ ’ƒ•–’”‡•‹†‡–•ǡ ƒ ‹„‡”ǡ™ƒ•ˆ‘† ‘ˆ•ƒ›‹‰ǡDzƒ—‰Š–‡”‹•ƒ‰”‡ƒ–Š‡ƒŽ‡”Ǥdz ‹‡ –Š‡ ˆ‘—†‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‹• •‘ ‹‡–›ǡ ™‡ ™Š‘ ƒ””› ‘ ‘•‹†‡” –Š‡•‡‡‡–‹‰•–‘„‡Ž‹‡ƒ‘ƒ•‹•‹–Š‡†‡•‡”–ǡƒ’Žƒ ‡–‘”‡Žƒšǡ–‘ Š‡ƒŽǡ–‘”‡ Šƒ”‰‡ˆ‘”–Š‡ ‘—”–”‘‘„ƒ––Ž‡•–Šƒ–Ž‹‡ƒŠ‡ƒ†ǤŠƒ–‹•™Š› Žƒ—‰Š–‡”ƒ†”‡Žƒšƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”•— ŠƒŽƒ”‰‡ ’ƒ”– ƒ– –Š‡•‡ ‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰•Ǥ Š‡› „‡ ‘‡ ‘—” ƒ–‹„‹‘–‹ ǡ ‘—” ƒ–‹Ǧ‘š‹†ƒ–ǡ ‘—” ‡Ž‹š‹” ‘ˆ ”‡Œ—˜‡ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ‡–”ƒŽ ˆ‘ —• ‘ˆ –Š‹• ˆ‘—”–Š ‘˜‡–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ǡ ‹• –Šƒ– ƒ– –Š‡•‡‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰•™‡”‡ƒŽŽ›†‘ǯ– ƒ”‡what›‘—ƒ”‡Ǥ‡ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›‘™ –Šƒ–ǤŠƒ–™‡”‡ƒŽŽ› ƒ”‡ƒ„‘—–ƒ†™ƒ––‘ˆ‹†‘—–‹•who›‘—ƒ”‡Ǥ ‘”‡ –Šƒ ƒ› ‘–Š‡” ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘ ›‘— ƒ› „‡Ž‘‰ –‘ǡ ™‡ ƒ”‡ Š‡”‡ ƒ„‘—–‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”ƒ†ƒ„‘—–‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”ǯ•ˆƒ‹Ž‹‡•Ǥ‡™ƒ––‘‘™ ™Šƒ– ƒ‡• ›‘— Šƒ’’› ‘” •ƒ†Ǥ ‡ ™ƒ– –‘ ‘™ ƒ„‘—– ›‘—” Š‹Ž†”‡ǡ‰”ƒ† Š‹Ž†”‡ǡŠ‘„„‹‡•ǡ›‘—”ˆ”‡‡Ǧ–‹‡’—”•—‹–•ǡ›‘—”Š‘’‡• ƒ††‡•‹”‡•ǡƒ†‹–Š‡’”‘ ‡••–‘„‡ ‘‡›‘—”ˆ”‹‡†ƒ†‘–Œ—•– ƒ‘–Š‡” ‘–ƒ –ǡ ƒ “—ƒ‹–ƒ ‡ǡ ƒ ‡„‘‘ ’ƒ‰‡ ‘” ‹‡†  ‘‡ –‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‹ˆ–Š ƒ† ˆ‹ƒŽ ‘˜‡–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǡ ƒ† ˆ‘” ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•– ŠƒŽˆ ‘ˆ –Š‹• ‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰ –Š‡ ‘•– ‹’‘”–ƒ–ǡ‹˜‘Ž˜‡• ‘—” ’ƒ”–‡”•‘” •’‘—•‡•‘”‰—‡•–•ǤŽ‹‡‘–Š‡”Ž‡‰ƒŽ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘•ǡ–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•‹• ƒ •‘ ‹‡–› ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ •’‘—•‡ ‘” ’ƒ”–‡” ‘” ‰—‡•– ‹• ƒ ‘”†‡† ‡“—ƒŽ „‹ŽŽ‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡ ‡ŽŽ‘™ǤŠ‡‹”ˆ—ŽŽƒ† ‘’Ž‡–‡’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘‹•‘– ‘Ž›‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡†„—–‹••‘—‰Š–ƒ••–”‘‰Ž›ƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡Ǥ˜‡”› ‡ŽŽ‘™ ͳ͵ʹ     

™Š‘ ‹• Š‡”‡ Šƒ˜‹‰ „‡‡ Š‘‘”‡† „› ‡Ž‡ –‹‘ –‘ ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™•Š‹’ ™‘—Ž† ”‡ƒ†‹Ž›ƒ†‹––Šƒ–Š‡‘”•Š‡™‘—Ž†‘–„‡Š‡”‡™‡”‡‹–‘–ˆ‘”–Š‘•‡ ™Š‘Šƒ˜‡•—’’‘”–‡†—•Ǥ‡ƒ”‡’”‘—†–‘ƒ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡–Š‡ǡƒ†™‡ ”‡ ‘‰‹œ‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡› –‘‘ ‡‡† ƒ ‘’’‘”–—‹–› –‘ ”‡•– ƒ† ”‡ˆ”‡•Š‘ˆ–‡Œ—•–ˆ”‘„‡‹‰ƒ”‘—†—•Ǩ – ™‘—Ž† „‡ ƒ Š‘””‹„Ž‡ –”‹  ‹†‡‡† ˆ‘” —• –‘ ™‡ƒ” ‘—– –Š‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ™Š‘ Šƒ˜‡ •—’’‘”–‡† —• ™‹–Š ‘—” •‘‡–‹‡• ƒ‹ ǡ ƒŽ™ƒ›• •–”‡••ˆ—Ž Ž‹ˆ‡•–›Ž‡• ƒ† ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ †‡ƒ†• „› –ƒ‹‰ –Š‡ ‘ƒ ˜ƒ ƒ–‹‘–‘ƒ’Žƒ ‡–‘‡‡–™‹–ŠʹͲͲ‘–Š‡”•‹‹Žƒ”Ž›ƒ‹ ǡ•–”‡••‡†Ǧ ‘—– ’‡‘’Ž‡ ‹ ‘”†‡” ˆ‹‰—”‡ ‘—– Š‘™ –‘ „‡ ‡˜‡ ‘”‡ ƒ‹  ƒ† •–”‡••‡†‘—–Ǥ ‘”–Š‹•”‡ƒ•‘ǡ–Š‡ƒ—ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•†‘‡•‘– ‘•‹•–‘ˆ–›’‹ ƒŽˆƒ”‡™Š‡”‡•‘‡‘‡‹•‰‘‹‰–‘–”›ƒ†–‡ƒ Š ›‘—Š‘™–‘ ”‘••‡šƒ‹‡ƒ™‹–‡••‘”‰‹˜‡ƒ„‡––‡”ˆ‹ƒŽƒ”‰—‡– ‘”–ƒ‡ƒ‘”‡–Š‘”‘—‰Š†‡’‘•‹–‹‘ǤŠ‡•‡’”‘‰”ƒ•ƒ”‡’—”’‘•‡Ž› ‘–ƒ„‘—––”‹ƒŽ•‹ŽŽ•‘”–ƒ –‹ •‘”•–”ƒ–‡‰›Ǥ Š‡•‡’”‘‰”ƒ•ƒ”‡ƒ„‘—–ƒ‹‰ƒ†—”–—”‹‰ˆ”‹‡†•Š‹’•ǡ Ž‡––‹‰ ›‘—” ‹† ™ƒ†‡” ƒ† ›‘—” ‹ƒ‰‹ƒ–‹‘ ’‡” ‘Žƒ–‡–Š‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ•ǯ–‘’‹ •‡ ‘’ƒ••–Š‡”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ•—„Œ‡ –•ˆ”‘Ž‹ˆ‡–Š”‘—‰Š †‡ƒ–Š ƒ† ‡˜‡”›–Š‹‰ ‹ „‡–™‡‡Ǥ ”‘‰”ƒ• ƒ”‡ †‡•‹‰‡† ƒ† ‹–‡†‡†–‘„‡‡Œ‘›‡†ǡ–‘ƒ‡—•–Š‹ǡ”‡ˆŽ‡ –ǡŽƒ—‰Šǡ ”›ǡƒ†‡˜‡ ‘ ƒ•‹‘ƒŽŽ›—†‡”•–ƒ†Ǥ—”•’‘—•‡•ǡ’ƒ”–‡”•ǡƒ†‰—‡•–•ǯ‹–‡”‡•–• ƒ”‡ ‡’– ˆ‘”‡‘•– ‹ ‹† ƒ• ’”‘‰”ƒ ‘”‰ƒ‹œ‡”• ƒ””ƒ‰‡ ˆ‘” •’‡ƒ‡”•Ǥ †–Š‡”‡–Š‡›ƒ”‡–Š‡ˆ‹˜‡Dz‘˜‡–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡–‹‘Ǥdz   

X SIDEBAR

John Reed

Ž‡š‡ŽŽ‡”ǡ–Š‡ͳͻ͹ͺ’”‡•‹†‡–ƒ†’”‹ ‹’ƒŽ†”ƒˆ–•ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡ „›Žƒ™•ǡ ‹• –Š‡ ‘Ž› ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡” ™Š‘ ‡˜‡” ‘˜‡”‡† –Š‡ ȋ‹‡˜‹–ƒ„Ž‡Ȍ ‘˜‡–‹‘†‡ˆ‹ ‹–‘—–‘ˆŠ‹•‘™’‘ ‡–Ǥ ‡™ƒ• ‘˜‡–‹‘ Šƒ‹”ˆ‘” –Š‡ ͳͻ͹ʹ ‡‡–‹‰ ƒ– ƒ™ƒ‹‹ǯ• ƒ—ƒ ‡ƒ ‡•‘”–Ǥ Š‡ –Š‡ ˆ‹ƒŽ ƒ ‘—–‹‰ •Š‘™‡† ƒ †‡ˆ‹ ‹– ȋDz„‡ ƒ—•‡  Š‘•‡ –Š‡ „‡•– ‘ˆ ‡˜‡”›–Š‹‰dzȌǡŠ‡‡Ž‡ –‡†–‘’ƒ›‹–’‡”•‘ƒŽŽ›Ǥ –™ƒ•̈́͵ͷͷǨ ‡ŽŽ‡” ™ƒ• „‘” ‹ —•–”‹ƒ ƒ† ƒ‡ –‘ –Š‡ ‹–‡† –ƒ–‡• ‹ ͳͻͶͲƒ––Š‡ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–™‡Ž˜‡™Š‡Š‹•ˆƒ‹Ž›ˆŽ‡†–Š‡ƒœ‹•ƒ†•‡––Ž‡† ‹ ‘Ž‘”ƒ†‘Ǥ ‡ „‡ ƒ‡ ƒ ƒ–—”ƒŽ‹œ‡† ‹–‹œ‡ ƒ† •‡”˜‡† ‹ –Š‡  ”›Ǥ ‹• ’ƒ••‹‘ƒ–‡ ƒ˜‘ ƒ–‹‘ ™ƒ• ”ƒ ‹‰ •’‘”–• ƒ”• ƒ†ǡ Žƒ–‡”ǡ •‡”˜‹‰ ƒ• Š‡ƒ† •–‡™ƒ”† ƒ– ”ƒ ‹‰ ‡˜‡–• ƒ ”‘•• –Š‡ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ – Š‹• †‡ƒ–Š‹ͳͻͻ͸ǡ–Š‡’‘”–•ƒ”Ž—„‘ˆ‡”‹ ƒ ”‡ƒ–‡†ƒƒ—ƒŽŽ‡š ‡ŽŽ‡”™ƒ”†ǡ•–‹ŽŽ‰‹˜‡ǡˆ‘”–Š‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ™Š‘•‡”˜‡•–Š‡Ž—„‘•– ‰‡‡”‘—•Ž›Ǥ ̱̱̱ ––Š‡ͳͻͺʹ‡‡–‹‰ƒ––Š‡”‹œ‘ƒ‹Ž–‘”‡ǡ„‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ ”‡†„ƒ†‰‡•–‘‹†‡–‹ˆ›‡™‡„‡”•ǡ–Š‡‘ƒ”†‡„‡”•ƒ†–Š‡‹” •’‘—•‡• ™‡”‡ ”‡‹†‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š‹‰Š ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ƒ‹‰ ‡™ ‡„‡”• ƒ† –Š‡‹” ‰—‡•–• ˆ‡‡Ž ™‡Ž ‘‡Ǥ Dz‘ ‘– –ƒŽ ‘Ž› –‘ ›‘—” ˆ”‹‡†•Ǥdz––Š‡‘’‡‹‰”‡ ‡’–‹‘ǡ‡––› Žƒ•ƒ’ƒ†‘–‡‡† ‡–Š—•‹ƒ•–‹ ƒŽŽ› ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– –Šƒ– ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–› „› ‘˜‡”•‹‰ ƒ– Ž‡‰–Š™‹–Š–™‘’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž›ƒ’’‡ƒŽ‹‰›‘—‰‡ǡ‘Ž›–‘†‹• ‘˜‡” ‹ †—‡ ‘—”•‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡› ™‡”‡ ‘– ‡™ ƒ””‹•–‡”• „—– ”ƒ–Š‡”   ƒ‰‡–•’”‘˜‹†‹‰•‡ —”‹–›ˆ‘”‹ŽŽ‹ƒ‡„•–‡”ǡ–Š‡†‹”‡ –‘”‘ˆ–Š‡  ƒ†ƒ•’‡ƒ‡”ƒ––Š‡‡‡–‹‰Ǥ ̱̱̱ • ƒ ’ƒ”‘†› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰‡†‡” †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡• ‹ ‹–”‘†— –‹‘• ‘ˆ ‘˜‡–‹‘ •’‡ƒ‡”• ȋDz† ‘™ǡ –‘ •’‡ƒ –‘ —• ƒ„‘—– Š‡” –‹‡ ƒ•

 ͳ͵͵ ͳ͵Ͷ     

ƒ›‘” ‘ˆ ‘‡•˜‹ŽŽ‡ǡ  ƒ ’Ž‡ƒ•‡† –‘ ’”‡•‡– –Š‡ Ž‘˜‡Ž› ƒ‡ ‘‡ǤdzȌ ƒ”–‹ ‘„‹•‘ ‹–”‘†— ‡† Š‡” Š—•„ƒ†ǡ ‹ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ ••‹•–ƒ– ––‘”‡› ‡‡”ƒŽˆ‘”–Š‡”‹‹ƒŽ‹˜‹•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡–‘ˆ —•–‹ ‡ǡƒ•Dz›™‘†‡”ˆ—ŽŠ—•„ƒ†Ǥdz ̱̱̱ Š‡‹–”‘†— ‹‰•’‡ƒ‡”•ǡ ‘Š ”‡‡”ǡ‘ˆ’‡ ‡”ǡ ‘™ƒǡ–Š‡ ͳͻͺ͵’”‡•‹†‡–ǡŠƒ†‰”‡ƒ–†‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž–› ‘’Ž‡–‹‰–Š‡•–‘”‹‡•Š‡Ž‘˜‡† –‘–‡ŽŽǤ ‹•‹†™‘—Ž†”ƒ ‡ƒŠ‡ƒ†–‘–Š‡’— ŠŽ‹‡ǡ™Š‹ Š ƒ—•‡† Š‹ –‘ Žƒ—‰Š ’”‡ƒ–—”‡Ž›ǡ ‘ˆ–‡ — ‘–”‘ŽŽƒ„Ž› ƒ† ‘–‹—‹‰ ƒ– ‰”‡ƒ– Ž‡‰–Šǡ ˜‡”› ‡ƒ”Ž› Ž‘•‹‰ –Š‡ ’‘‹– ‘ˆ –Š‡ Œ‘‡Ǥ ȋ‡ Žƒ—‰Š‡† ™‹–Š Š‹ǤȌ ‡ ™ƒ•ǡ „› –Š‡ ™ƒ›ǡ ƒ ’‹Ž‘–ǡ ƒ† ƒ– –Š‡ •—‡” ‘ƒ”† ‡‡–‹‰ ƒ– ƒ‡ ‘„‘Œ‹ǡ ‘™ƒǡ Š‡ ˆ‡””‹‡† •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‡„‡”• ‹ Š‹• ’Žƒ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡‹‡ƒ’‘Ž‹•Ȃ–Ǥƒ—Žƒ‹”’‘”––‘ƒ–‹›ƒ‹”’‘”–‡ƒ”–Š‡ Žƒ‡Ǥ Š‡ ƒ‡ ‘„‘Œ‹ ‘ƒ”† ‡‡–‹‰ ™ƒ• Š‡Ž† ‹ ƒ ‘–‡Ž –Šƒ– ™”ƒ’’‡†ƒ”‘—†–Š”‡‡•‹†‡•‘ˆƒ•™‹‹‰’‘‘ŽǤ‘™ƒ”†–Š‡‡†‘ˆ ƒƒˆ–‡”‘‘™Š‡–Š‡‡‡–‹‰™ƒ•‹”‡ ‡••ǡ–Š‘•‡ƒ––Š‡’‘‘Ž™‡”‡ ƒ—•‡† –‘ •‡‡ ‹ ”— ‡”ǡ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ˜‹ ‡ ’”‡•‹†‡–ǡ ”‹†‡ ‹–‘ –Š‡ ƒ”‡ƒ ‘ ƒ ‹’”‡••‹˜‡ ™Š‹–‡ Š‘”•‡ǡ ‡”‡ – ‹ –Š‡ •ƒ††Ž‡ Ž‹‡ ƒ ‘“—‡”‹‰‰‡‡”ƒŽǤŠ‡•‘—” ‡‘ˆ–Š‡Š‘”•‡”‡ƒ‹•ƒ›•–‡”›Ǥ Š‡ †‹‡” •‡ƒ–‹‰ –Šƒ– ‡˜‡‹‰ ™ƒ• ƒ– Ž‘‰ǡ ƒ””‘™ –ƒ„Ž‡•ǡ ƒ†ƒ—„‡”‘ˆ†‹‡”•„‡ ƒ‡ƒ™ƒ”‡‘ˆ•‘‡–Š‹‰‘˜‹‰ƒ‘‰ –Š‡‹”Ž‡‰•Ǥ ––—”‡†‘—––‘„‡‹–ƒ‘„‹•‘ǡ™‹ˆ‡‘ˆƒ”‘„‹•‘ǡ ”ƒ™Ž‹‰ƒŽ‘‰‹•‡ƒ” Š‘ˆƒ†”‘’’‡†‡ƒ””‹‰Ǥ‹–ƒ ‘—Ž†™‡ŽŽŠƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ƒ•–ƒ•ƒgrande dame‹ƒ’‡”‹‘†‘˜‹‡Ǥ–ƒƒ” Š ‘˜‡–‹‘ ƒ– –Š‡ ”‹œ‘ƒ ‹Ž–‘”‡ǡ ƒ ‡˜‡‹‰ †‹‡” ™ƒ• Š‡Ž† ‘ –Š‡ Š‘–‡Ž ‰”‘—†•Ǥ•–Š‡•—†‹•ƒ’’‡ƒ”‡†ǡ–Š‡–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡†”‘’’‡†•Šƒ”’Ž›Ǥ Š‹ŽŽ‡†™‘‡™‡”‡Š—””›‹‰–‘™ƒ”†‹†‘‘”™ƒ”–Š™Š‡•‘‡‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡ ‘—–‡”‡† ‹–ƒǡ ™‡ƒ”‹‰ ƒ ˆ—ŽŽǦŽ‡‰–Š ˆ—” ‘ƒ–ǡ ƒ† –Š‡› ‘’Ž‹‡–‡†Š‡”‘Š‡”ˆ‘”‡•‹‰Š–ǤDz›†‡ƒ”•ǡdz•Š‡•ƒ‹††‹•‹••‹˜‡Ǧ Ž›ǡDz™Š‡‘‡ ‘‡•–‘–Š‡†‡•‡”–ǡ‘‡„”‹‰•‘‡ǯ•‹Ǥdz ̱̱̱   ǤǤǤ   ͳ͵ͷ

‘– ™Š‘ ›‘— ‹‰Š– –Š‹ǣ ‡˜‡”ƒŽ ƒ””‹•–‡”• Šƒ˜‡ •Šƒ”‡† ƒ‡• ™‹–Š ˆƒ‘—• ȋ‘” ‹ˆƒ‘—•Ȍ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǣ ‘Š ‘ ‡ǡ ƒ—‡Ž †ƒ•ǡ ƒ””›‡ƒ•‘‡”ǡ Ǥ Ǥ‡ŽŽ•ǡ ‡••‡ ƒ‡•Ǥ†‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹”•– ‡„‡”•Šƒ†ƒƒ‡–Šƒ–•Š‘—Ž†ƒ’’‡ƒŽ–‘ƒ Ž‹‡–ǣ —‰Š‹”ƒ Ž‡Ǥ —•„ƒ† ƒ† ™‹ˆ‡ ‡„‡”•ǣ ƒ”–‹ ƒ† ‹ ‘„‹•‘ǡ —†› ƒ””ƒ••‘ ƒ† ”‡– ƒ””‹‡”‡ǡ ƒ”› ƒ† ƒ˜‹† ƒ”‹‰ǡ Š‡‹Žƒ Ž‘  ƒ† ‹ ‡ ‹‰‡”ǡ ƒ–”‹ ‹ƒ ‡‹–œ ƒ† Žƒ ”‡‡”ǡ ‹ŽŽ ƒ† ‹ ƒŽ„”‘‘•ǡ —†‹–Š‹˜‹‰•–‘ƒ†Š‘ƒ•‘‘”‡Ǥ ™‘Ǧ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‡„‡”•ǣ ‹ ƒ† ‘•• — Šƒƒǡ ƒ” ‘„‹•‘”Ǥƒ† ”ǤǡǤǤȋ‹‡Ȍƒ†‹ Šƒ‡Ž Š‹†–ǡ‹ŽŽ Žƒ•ƒ’ ƒ† ‹ŽŽ ƒŽ„”‘‘•ǡ —› ƒ† ƒƒ ŽŽ‹•‘ǡ ‘ ƒ† ‡˜‹ ”‹•–ǡ ‹ Šƒ‡Žƒ† ‘•Š—ƒ‘•‘ˆˆǡ‘„‹‰”Ǥƒ† ”ǤǡŠƒ”Ž‡• ˜ƒ••”Ǥ ƒ† ”Ǥǡ ‹ƒ†–‡˜‡”— ‡”ǡ‹ŽŽ‹ƒƒ”–•‘”Ǥƒ† ”Ǥȋ‹ Ȍǡ ‘„‡”– —‹‰Šƒ ”Ǥ ƒ† ”Ǥǡ ‘Š ƒ† ”ƒŠƒ ‹ŽŽǡ ƒ””› ƒ† ƒ””‡––‡ƒ•‘‡”Ǥ Š”‡‡Ǧ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‡„‡”•ǣ –Š‡ ‘•‘ˆˆ•Š‡‘†‘”‡ ȋ‡†Ȍǡ ‹ Šƒ‡Žǡƒ† ‘•Š—ƒǤ ̱̱̱ ‘– •—”’”‹•‹‰Ž›ǡ –Š‡”‡ Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ǡ ƒ† ƒ”‡ǡ ™‹†‡ ”‡‰‹‘ƒŽ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒ† ’”‘— ‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ‘‰ –Š‡ ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǣ ƒ •–”‘‰ ‡™ ‰Žƒ† ƒ ‡– ˆ”‘ ‡™ ƒ’•Š‹”‡ǯ• ƒ˜‹† ‹š‘ǡ ƒ ˆŽƒ– ‡šƒ• –™ƒ‰ ˆ”‘ ‘ Ž‡šƒ†‡”ǡ ƒ ”‹–‹•Š ‡Ž‡‰ƒ ‡ ˆ”‘ ‘”†‘Ž›ǡƒ†™Šƒ–‹‰Š–„‡•–„‡ ƒŽŽ‡†‘—–Š‡”—•Š‘—–Š ˆ”‘Žƒ„ƒƒǯ•‹ŽŽ› ƒ‹‡ŽǤˆ–‡‹ Šƒ”‰‡‘ˆˆ‹•Š‹‰ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ– •‡ƒ•‹†‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘•ǡ ‹ŽŽ›ǯ• ƒ‘— ‡‡–• ™‡”‡ •‘ Dz—•Š‘—–Šdz ƒ• –‘ „‡ ‡ƒ”Ž› —‹–‡ŽŽ‹‰‹„Ž‡ǡ ƒ† –Š‡› ™‡”‡ ˆ”‡“—‡–Ž› ‡– ™‹–Š •Š‘—–‡†”‡•’‘•‡••— Šƒ•Dzƒ‡–Š‡™‘”•‘—–‘ˆ›‘—”‘—–ŠǨdz ‹• ™‹ˆ‡ǡ ƒ ›ǡ ‹ Šƒ”‰‡ ‘ˆ ‘ ƒ•‹‘ƒŽ „”‹†‰‡ –‘—”ƒ‡–•ǡ ™‘—Ž† ‹–‡”’”‡–™Šƒ–‹ŽŽ›Šƒ†•ƒ‹†„‡ˆ‘”‡’”‡•‡–‹‰Š‡”‘™‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ„‘—––ƒ„Ž‡–‹‡•Ǥ  –Š‡ •—„Œ‡ – ‘ˆ ƒ ‡–•ǡ –Š‡ ‘ ‹‡–›ǯ• ʹͲͲͳ ’”‡•‹†‡–ǡ ‘‡  ‡‘†ǡ ‘ˆ ‘”–Š ƒ”‘Ž‹ƒǡ ™Š‘ Šƒ• –”‹‡† ƒ› ‘ˆ Š‹• ƒ•‡• ‹ –Š‡ ‘—–Š‡ƒ•–ǡ Šƒ• •ƒ‹†ǣ Dz  ƒŽ™ƒ›• ’”‹†‡† ›•‡Žˆ ‘ „‡‹‰ ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ͳ͵͸     

†‹•–‹‰—‹•Š–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡‘ˆ’‡”•‘•ˆ”‘‹”‰‹‹ƒǡ‘”–Šƒ”‘Ž‹ƒǡ ‘—–Š ƒ”‘Ž‹ƒǡ ‡‘”‰‹ƒǡ Žƒ„ƒƒǡ ‹••‹••‹’’‹ǡ ƒ† ‡šƒ•Ǥ Š‡› ƒ”‡ ƒŽŽ •Ž‹‰Š–Ž› †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ǥ Ž‘”‹†ƒ †‘‡•ǯ– ”‡ƒŽŽ› ‘—– •‹ ‡ ‹– ‹• •— Š ‹•Šƒ•ŠǨdz ̱̱̱ —•‹ Šƒ•ƒ’’‡ƒ”‡†ˆ”‘–‹‡–‘–‹‡ƒ‘‰–Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•ǣ ‘‡Ž‘›†‡ǡ™‹–Šƒ™‘†‡”ˆ—Ž–‡‘”˜‘‹ ‡ǡ•ƒ‰Dzƒ›‘›dz ƒ›–‹‡•ǡ–‘‰”‡ƒ–ƒ Žƒ‹Ǥ New York Times—•‹ ”‡˜‹‡™‡”ǡŠƒ˜‹‰•‡”˜‡†ƒ•ƒ—”†‡”Ǧ –”‹ƒŽŒ—”‘”ǡŽ‹‡‡†Š‹••‡”˜‹ ‡ƒ•ƒŒ—”‘”–‘–Šƒ–‘ˆƒ—•‹  ”‹–‹ Ǥ ƒ ‹„‡”ǯ••‹•–‡”ǡ —†‹–Šǡ•’‘‡‘ˆŠ‡”–‹‡ƒ•’”‹ ‹’ƒŽŠƒ”’‹•– ‘ˆ–Š‡ •”ƒ‡ŽŠ‹ŽŠƒ”‘‹ ” Š‡•–”ƒ—†‡”—„‹‡Š–ƒƒ†”‡Žƒ–‡† ‰‡‘’‘Ž‹–‹ •Ǥ ‘Šƒ–‘ǡ”‡‘™‡†Œƒœœ’‹ƒ‹•–ǡ‘–‘Ž›’Žƒ›‡†•‡Ž‡ –‹‘• ˆ”‘Š‹•”‡’‡”–‘‹”‡„—–ƒŽ•‘•’‘‡‘ˆ’‘’—Žƒ”—•‹  ‘’‘•‡”•™Š‘ ™‡”‡‘”™Š‘Šƒ†‹–‡†‡†–‘„‡ ‘‡Žƒ™›‡”•Ǥ ‘”‡ –Šƒ ‘ ‡ǡ ‘Š ”‘™†‡” ‡š’‡”–Ž› Šƒ‡Ž‡† Ž˜‹• ”‡•Ž‡›ƒ–ƒƒ””‹•–‡”•ǯ ”‹†ƒ›‡˜‡‹‰†‹‡”Ǣƒ†™Š‡–Š‡†ƒ ‡ „ƒ†ǯ• ‘–”ƒ –—ƒŽ–‹‡‡š’‹”‡†™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡”‡™‡”‡•–‹ŽŽ‡ƒ‰‡”†ƒ ‡”•ǡ Š‡ Š‹•‡Žˆ ’ƒ‹† –Š‡ „ƒ† –‘ ‡š–‡† ‹–• –‹‡Ǥ ‹‡™‹•‡ǡ ™Š‡ ‘–Š‡” Š‹”‡†„ƒ†•Šƒ˜‡™‘—††‘™ǡ˜‹”–—‘•‘‡–‡””‘†Š‡ƒ†Šƒ•‘˜‡† –‘–Š‡’‹ƒ‘„‡ Šƒ†‡’––Š‡ƒ””‹•–‡”•†ƒ ‹‰™‡ŽŽ‹–‘–Š‡™‡‡ Š‘—”•–‘‡‡”‰‡–‹ Š‘›–‘‘””‘ Ǯǯ”‘ŽŽǤ –ƒ ƒ •‘ƒ‡‘†‰‡‘ƒ”†‡‡–‹‰ǡ‹›‘‹‰ǡ•‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‡„‡”• ƒ† –Š‡‹” •’‘—•‡• ƒ† Š‹Ž†”‡ǡ ‹ Ž—†‹‰ ‘›• ƒ† ‘›†‡•ƒ†‡‡†•ǡ‰ƒ–Š‡”‡†‹–Š‡Ž‘„„›ƒˆ–‡”†‹‡”ƒ†ˆ‘”‡† ƒ‹’”‘’–—•‹‰‹‰‰”‘—’ǡ™Š‹ Š†”‡™ƒ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ„Ž‡ƒ—†‹‡ ‡‘ˆ Š‘–‡Ž ‰—‡•–•Ǥ ‹–Š –Š‡ ‡–‘• ‡ƒ”„›ǡ ‹– ™ƒ• ƒ Dz‘—† ‘ˆ —•‹ dz ‘‡–Ǥ