American Bar Association in Support of Petitioners ______
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No. 18-1323 IN THE Supreme Court of the United States _____________ JUNE MEDICAL SERVICES L.L.C., et al., Petitioners, v. REBEKAH GEE, SECRETARY, LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HOSPITALS, Respondent. _____________ On Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit _____________ BRIEF OF AMICUS CURIAE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONERS _______________ JUDY PERRY MARTINEZ CLIFTON S. ELGARTEN Counsel of Record KEITH J. HARRISON AMERICAN BAR GLORIA MARTINEZ TRATTLES ASSOCIATION AMANDA SHAFER BERMAN 321 N. Clark St. TIANA L. RUSSELL Chicago, IL 60654 TYLER O’CONNOR (312) 988-5000 CROWELL & MORING LLP AmicusBriefs@ 1001 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W. americanbar.org Washington, DC 20004 Counsel for Amicus Curiae American Bar Association i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page STATEMENT OF INTEREST ................................... 1 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY ......................... 3 ARGUMENT .............................................................. 4 I. THE RULE OF LAW REQUIRES LOWER COURTS TO ADHERE TO PRECEDENT, IN PRINCIPLE AND IN PRACTICE ............... 4 A. Stare Decisis Is Central To Our Legal System And Sustaining Respect For The Judiciary. ............................................. 4 B. The Rule of Law Also Requires Faithful Adherence To The Structural Components of Our Legal System. ........... 11 II. WHOLE WOMAN’S HEALTH DIRECTLY CONTROLS THIS CASE ................................ 13 A. The Fifth Circuit Erred In Finding Cognizable Benefits .................................. 14 1. The Legal Analysis ............................. 14 2. The Factual Analysis ......................... 17 B. The Burdens of Act 620 ............................. 19 1. The Legal Analysis ............................. 19 2. The Factual Analysis ......................... 21 a. Doe 2 ............................................ 22 b. Doe 3 ............................................ 24 ii CONCLUSION ......................................................... 26 iii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Page(s) Federal Cases Amadeo v. Zant, 486 U.S. 214 (1988) .............................................. 12 Anderson v. City of Bessemer City, N.C., 470 U.S. 564 (1985) .................................. 12, 19, 25 Citizens United v. Fed. Election Comm’n, 558 U.S. 310 (2010) ................................................5 Cooper v. Aaron, 358 U.S. 1 (1958) ....................................................7 Gamble v. United States, 139 S. Ct. 1960 (2019) ............................................7 Hutto v. Davis, 454 U.S. 370 (1982) ............................................ 5, 7 Icicle Seafoods, Inc. v. Worthington, 475 U.S. 709 (1986) .............................................. 11 Inwood Labs., Inc., v. Ives Labs., Inc., 456 U.S. 844 (1982) .................................. 11, 24, 25 Jackson Women’s Health Org. v. Currier, 320 F. Supp. 3d 828 (S.D. Miss. 2018) ................ 10 June Med. Servs. v. Gee, 905 F.3d 787 (5th Cir. 2018) ............................ 9, 16 iv June Med. Servs. v. Kliebert, 250 F. Supp. 3d 27, 63–65, 86–87 (M.D. La. 2017) ....................................................... passim Kisor v. Wilkie, 139 S. Ct. 2400 (2019) ............................................6 Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee, 14 U.S. 304 (1816) ................................................ 10 Michigan v. Bay Mills Indian Cmty., 572 U.S. 782 (2014) ................................................6 Montejo v. Louisiana, 556 U.S. 778 (2009) ................................................7 Moore v. Texas, 139 S. Ct. 666 (2019) ..............................................2 Payne v. Tennessee, 501 U.S. 808 (1991) ...................................... 6, 7, 10 Planned Parenthood of S.E. Pa. v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992) .............................. 5, 13, 17, 21 Scheiber v. Dolby Labs., Inc., 293 F.3d 1014 (7th Cir. 2002) ................................6 Teva Pharm. U.S.A. v. Sandoz, Inc., 135 S.Ct. 831 (2015) ............................................. 12 Thurston Motor Lines, Inc. v. Jordan K. Rand, Ltd., 460 U.S. 533 (1983) ................................................6 United States v. Martinez-Cruz, 736 F.3d 999 (D.C. Cir. 2013) ............................ 3, 8 v Whole Woman’s Health v. Hellerstedt, 136 S. Ct. 2292 (2016) .................................. passim Winslow v. F.E.R.C., 587 F.3d 1133 (D.C. Cir. 2009) ..............................6 State Cases Burns v. Cline, 387 P. 3d 348 (Okla. 2016) .................................. 10 Federal Statutes 28 U.S.C. App. note (2012) (Judiciary and Judicial Procedure) .............................................. 11 State Statutes La. Rev. Stat. § 40:1061.10 ............................... passim Federal Rules Fed. R. Civ. P. 52(a), advisory committee’s note to 1946 amendment ..................................... 11 Other Authorities ABA Goal IV, https://perma.cc/5UFF-JX2Q .............. 1 ABA Policy #111 (adopted midyear 2006), https://perma.cc/Z6YX-AJJ8 ..................................1 Bryan Garner et al., The Law of Judicial Precedent 21 (2016) ............................................ 5, 8 Joseph Story, Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States § 377 (1833) ......................................................................5 STATEMENT OF INTEREST1 Pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 37.3, the American Bar Association (ABA), as amicus curiae, respectfully submits this brief in support of the Petitioner. The ABA is the largest voluntary association of attorneys and legal professionals in the world. Its members include prosecutors, public defenders, and private defense counsel, as well as attorneys in law firms, corporations, non-profit organizations, and government agencies. The ABA’s membership also includes judges, legislators, law professors, law students, and non-lawyer associates.2 Promoting the rule of law is central to the ABA’s mission as the “national representative of the legal profession”3 In furtherance of this mission, the ABA adopted in 2006 a Statement of Core Principles, committing to key rule of law principles.4 The ABA has also established a Rule of Law Initiative that works to “promote justice, economic opportunity and 1 No part of this brief was authored by counsel for any party, and no person or entity has made any monetary contribution to preparation or submission of this brief other than amicus curiae and its counsel. Pursuant to Rule 37.3(a), amicus curiae states that counsel of record for petitioners and respondents have consented to the filing of this brief. 2 Neither this brief nor the decision to file it should be interpreted as reflecting the views of any judicial member. No member of the ABA Judicial Division Council participated in this brief’s preparation or in the adoption or endorsement of its positions. 3 See ABA Goal IV, https://perma.cc/5UFF-JX2Q. 4 ABA Policy #111 (adopted midyear 2006), https://perma.cc/Z6YX-AJJ8. 2 human dignity through the rule of law.” ABA, Rule of Law Initiative Program Book 4 (2016). The ABA has conducted training on the rule of law internationally, holding the U.S. judicial system up as a model and highlighting the adherence to precedent as key to its integrity. The ABA has submitted a number of amicus briefs urging faithful application of rule of law principles in order to preserve the integrity of, and public confidence in, our judicial system. For example, the ABA’s policy on advancing the rule of law provided the basis for the ABA’s amicus curiae brief in Moore v. Texas, 139 S. Ct. 666 (2019), in which the ABA explained: “No practice is more vital to preserving the rule of law—and ensuring that the ABA’s promotion of that rule is legitimized in the eyes of developing countries—than the following by lower courts of binding precedent of this Court.” ABA Amicus Brief at 5, n.4. In addition, the ABA has an interest in this case because of its policy opposing laws that interfere with access to healthcare. In particular, the ABA resolved on August 13, 2019, that it “urges federal, state, local, territorial, and tribal governments not to impose upon medical facilities or healthcare providers licensing or other regulatory requirements that are not medically necessary or that have the purpose or effect of restricting availability or burdening patients’ access to healthcare services.”5 The ABA views the Louisiana statute at issue here to be inconsistent with this basic precept. 5 ABA Resolution 19A115F (Aug. 13, 2019). 3 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY This case raises significant concerns about adherence to basic rule of law principles and, in particular, the manner in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit treated both this Court’s decision in Whole Woman’s Health v. Hellerstedt, 136 S. Ct. 2292 (2016) and the district court’s decision below. Stare decisis is a centerpiece of the rule of law. The integrity of the American legal system depends on our lower courts applying precedent faithfully, following “both the words and music of Supreme Court opinions.” United States v. Martinez-Cruz, 736 F.3d 999, 1006 (D.C. Cir. 2013) (Kavanaugh, J., dissenting). It is particularly important that the lower courts hew closely to precedent when addressing politically charged issues that are the subject of intense public debate. No matter how deeply held, and morally grounded, one’s disagreement with this Court’s precedents may be, the rule of law requires that lower courts strictly apply this Court’s directives, rather than avoid their application. There is also an important