Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 36 (2012) 1273–1291
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Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 36 (2012) 1273–1291 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/neubiorev Review Left–right asymmetries of behaviour and nervous system in invertebrates a,∗ b c Elisa Frasnelli , Giorgio Vallortigara , Lesley J. Rogers a Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Adolf Lorenz Gasse 2, A-3422 Altenberg, Austria b CIMeC, Centre for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Corso Bettini 31, 38068 Rovereto, Italy c Centre for Neuroscience and Animal Behaviour, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Evidence of left–right asymmetries in invertebrates has begun to emerge, suggesting that lateralization Received 26 September 2011 of the nervous system may be a feature of simpler brains as well as more complex ones. A variety of Received in revised form 25 January 2012 studies have revealed sensory and motor asymmetries in behaviour, as well as asymmetries in the nervous Accepted 6 February 2012 system, in invertebrates. Asymmetries in behaviour are apparent in olfaction (antennal asymmetries) and in vision (preferential use of the left or right visual hemifield during activities such as foraging or escape Keywords: from predators) in animals as different as bees, fruitflies, cockroaches, octopuses, locusts, ants, spiders, Brain asymmetry crabs, snails, water bugs and cuttlefish. Asymmetries of the nervous system include lateralized position Laterality Invertebrates of specific brain structures (e.g., in fruitflies and snails) and of specific neurons (e.g., in nematodes). As in vertebrates, lateralization can occur both at the individual and at the population-level in invertebrates. Lateralization of behaviour Brain lateralization Theoretical models have been developed supporting the hypothesis that the alignment of the direction of Evolution of lateralization behavioural and brain asymmetries at the population-level could have arisen as a result of social selective pressures, when individually asymmetrical organisms had to coordinate with each other. The evidence reviewed suggests that lateralization at the population-level may be more likely to occur in social species among invertebrates, as well as vertebrates. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Introduction . 1274 2. Arthropoda: Insecta, Arachnida, Malacostraca . 1274 2.1. Hymenoptera: Apidae . 1274 2.1.1. Honeybees . 1274 2.1.2. Bumblebees . 1277 2.1.3. Solitary species of bees . 1277 2.1.4. Stingless bees . 1277 2.2. Lateralities in ants . 1278 2.3. Lateralities in spiders. 1278 2.4. Lateralization in cockroaches . 1278 2.5. Hand preference in locusts . 1279 2.6. Wing orientation in crickets . 1279 2.7. Hearing asymmetry in the Australian bushcrickets . 1279 2.8. Water bugs . 1280 2.9. Fruit flies. 1280 2.10. Earwigs . 1281 2.11. Escape responses and morphological asymmetry in shrimps and crayfishes . 1281 2.12. Claw preference in fiddler crabs . 1281 3. Mollusca: Gastropoda, Cephalopoda . 1282 3.1. Memory storage in terrestrial slugs .... 1282 3.2. Chirality in pond snails . 1282 3.3. Asymmetric mesocerebrum in terrestrial snails.... 1282 ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (E. Frasnelli). 0149-7634/$ – see front matter © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.02.006 1274 E. Frasnelli et al. / Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 36 (2012) 1273–1291 3.4. Asymmetric neuronal activation in molluscs . 1283 3.5. Eye and arm preferences in octopuses . 1283 3.6. Side-turning preference and asymmetrical optical lobes in cuttlefishes. 1284 4. Nematoda: C. elegans . 1284 5. Summary . 1287 References . ..