Theological Vocabulary List A
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Religious Tolerance and Anti-Trinitarianism: the Influence of Socinianism on English and American Leaders and the Separation of Church and State
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Honors Theses Student Research 5-6-2021 Religious Tolerance and Anti-Trinitarianism: The Influence of Socinianism on English and American Leaders and the Separation of Church and State Keeley Harris University of Richmond Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses Part of the Political Science Commons, and the Religion Law Commons Recommended Citation Harris, Keeley, "Religious Tolerance and Anti-Trinitarianism: The Influence of Socinianism on English and American Leaders and the Separation of Church and State" (2021). Honors Theses. 1577. https://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses/1577 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Religious Tolerance and Anti-Trinitarianism: The Influence of Socinianism on English and American Leaders and the Separation of Church and State By Keeley Harris Honors Thesis Submitted to: Jepson School of Leadership Studies University of Richmond Richmond, VA May 6, 2021 Advisor: Dr. Kristin M. S. Bezio Harris 1 Abstract Religious Tolerance and Anti-Trinitarianism: The Influence of Socinianism on English and American Leaders and the Separation of Church and State Keeley Harris Committee members: Dr. Kristin M. S. Bezio, Dr. George R. Goethals and Dr. Douglas L. Winiarski This research focuses on a sect of Christian thinkers who originated in mid-16th century Poland called Socinians. They had radical Christian views built upon ideas from humanism and the Protestant Reformation, including Anti-Trinitarianism and rejecting the divinity of Christ. -
ABSTRACT the Apostolic Tradition in the Ecclesiastical Histories Of
ABSTRACT The Apostolic Tradition in the Ecclesiastical Histories of Socrates, Sozomen, and Theodoret Scott A. Rushing, Ph.D. Mentor: Daniel H. Williams, Ph.D. This dissertation analyzes the transposition of the apostolic tradition in the fifth-century ecclesiastical histories of Socrates, Sozomen, and Theodoret. In the early patristic era, the apostolic tradition was defined as the transmission of the apostles’ teachings through the forms of Scripture, the rule of faith, and episcopal succession. Early Christians, e.g., Irenaeus, Tertullian, and Origen, believed that these channels preserved the original apostolic doctrines, and that the Church had faithfully handed them to successive generations. The Greek historians located the quintessence of the apostolic tradition through these traditional channels. However, the content of the tradition became transposed as a result of three historical movements during the fourth century: (1) Constantine inaugurated an era of Christian emperors, (2) the Council of Nicaea promulgated a creed in 325 A.D., and (3) monasticism emerged as a counter-cultural movement. Due to the confluence of these sweeping historical developments, the historians assumed the Nicene creed, the monastics, and Christian emperors into their taxonomy of the apostolic tradition. For reasons that crystallize long after Nicaea, the historians concluded that pro-Nicene theology epitomized the apostolic message. They accepted the introduction of new vocabulary, e.g. homoousios, as the standard of orthodoxy. In addition, the historians commended the pro- Nicene monastics and emperors as orthodox exemplars responsible for defending the apostolic tradition against the attacks of heretical enemies. The second chapter of this dissertation surveys the development of the apostolic tradition. -
Abstract This Dissertation Addresses a Lacuna in the Study of the Literary
Abstract This dissertation addresses a lacuna in the study of the literary portrayals of divine retribution in the Old Testament. Focusing on narrative texts, this work posits the presence of the divine messenger opposition type-scene, conventional scenes in which an antagonist opposes a divine messenger on whom God inflicts extreme fates that often seem disproportionate to the offense and occur in the absence of any divine proscription. Opposition to the messenger seems to be the offense grave enough to merit the peculiar fates these characters experience. The introduction discusses how the historical analysis of divine retribution has been limited to theological treatments. Recent studies have slightly expanded the analysis to sociological and anthropological approaches, but literary approaches to the topic have been scant. Addressing the intersection of convention and historiography provides a foundation for moving the discussion forward. Employing a literary-critical treatment—supplemented by form-, source-, historical-, and redaction-critical approaches where beneficial—to multiple narrative passages reveals the presence of the proposed type-scene. Chapter 2 explores Moses as the prototypical prophet validated through the bizarre fates experienced by his opponents. Korah’s destruction, Miriam’s leprosy, and the biting serpents all represent divine responses to opposition to Moses. Korah’s rebellion represents a paradigmatic template of the type-scene, one in which God validates Moses. Chapter 3 examines the type-scene in narratives involving the classical prophets. The stories of Jeroboam’s deformity, Ahab’s death, the fiery death of Ahaziah’s military squads, the mauling by bears of Bethel youths, Gehazi’s leprosy, and the trampling of a court official during the siege of Samaria all utilize the type-scene in a manner that validates the legitimacy of a prophet. -
Every Book in the Bible, Either Directly Or Indirectly, Tells You ___It Was
Every book in the Bible, either directly or indirectly, tells you _________ it was written. Today’s text in Galatians does just that as we will see the very reason for the letter. It is important to note that within the ranks of Christianity these four verses are softened up in ______________ Bibles by mistranslations and rewording, or by simply avoiding these scriptures completely. It seems better in this lukewarm age to side- step this hard issue and let it go unchecked rather than hitting it head on and allowing its truth to convict hearts and transform lives. This morning as we are working through the passage remember your ____________ friends and family who may have been given a false hope in religion, and as a result, will face the consequences in the future. For certain, as the Bible states, there will come a time to answer for their rejection of the gospel and to face ____________________ from the Lord Jesus Christ himself. THE PEOPLE’S PROBLEM – GALATIANS 1:6-9 1. False gospel – Galatians 1:6-7a a. The exasperation – verse 6 - The churches’ desertion of God – verse 6a - The churches’ desertion of the ______________ of Christ – verse 6b b. The determination – verse 7a - There is _______ other gospel The plain and simple _________________ – 1 Corinthians 15:1-4 Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures… He was buried… He rose again the third day according to the scriptures The response we must have when hearing the gospel – Romans 10:9-10, 13 Confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus…with the mouth confession is made unto salvation Believe in in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead…for with the heart man believeth unto righteousness Call upon the name of the Lord to be _______________ (talk to God in prayer and receive Christ as your personal sin-bearer, asking God to save you) Any other message is false and a clear departure from the plain and simple truth. -
ATTRIBUTES of GOD IMMUTABLE-Omniscience-Omnipr Esence-Omnipotence
THE DIVINE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD IMMUTABLE-Omniscience-Omnipr esence-Omnipotence Attributes: is a quality, character, characteristic or property, originating, produced or residing in or belonging to a person, place or thing THE ACTORS GUILD A one-line description of it He studied his walk, talk, character, & attributes in order to give the best rendition of Ali he could ➔ so we must study to show ourselves approved (2 Tim 2:15) because as believers to whom much is given much is required (Luke 12:48) ➔ Studying God’s attributes allows us to have a limited understanding of his person ➔ Just as Will Smith has to be true to the characters’ he portrays, we are to strive to be as true to the character of Christ as we can (2 Peter 1:10) ● THE STAGE IS SET (in the Earth/World) ● THE ManuSCRIPT has been handed to us (BIBLE) The Mental & Moral attributes of God That HE shares with us... As HE is so are we in this world - 1 John 14:17 ○ Mental ■ Knowledge (Psalm 27:8; 2 Peter 3:18) ■ Wisdom (Prov. 9:10; James 1:5; James 3:17) ■ Truthfulness (John 14:6,21; John 16:13) ○ Moral ■ Holiness (1 Peter 1:15-17) ■ Righteousness & Justice (Matt. 5:48; 2 Cor 5:21) ■ Love (1 John 4:19) ■ Grace & Mercy (Eph. 4:2) The NATURAL attributes of God That HE does NOT share with us... ■ SOVEREIGNTY (in control, subject to no one) ● God all of the Universe in and of Himself ● One Being, One Purpose ● In control, all-consuming ■ ETERNALITY (no beginning, and no end) ● Infinite -Absolute-Independent ● EverBeing in Essence, Attributes & Perfection The NATURAL attributes of God (CON’T) That HE does NOT share with us.. -
V.C. Samuel. "Some Facts About the Alexandrine Christology," Indian
Some Facts About the Alexandrine Ch~istology V. C. SAMUEL Modern N estorian studies have had a number of significant consequences for our understanding of the fifth-century Christo logical controversies. For one thing, it has led a number of scholars in the present century to show an unprecedented ap preciation for the theological position associated with the name of N estorius. Though the study of the documents connected with the teaching of the N estorian, or the Antiochene; school helped this movement, the ground had been prepared for it by modern Liberalism. Traceable to Schleiermacher and Ritschl, it had left no room for a conception pf our Lord which does not see Him first and foremost as a man. Against this intellectual background of the modern theologian the N estorian studies disclosed the fact that the teaching of that ancient school of theological thinking also emphasized the full humanity of our Lord. Naturally, many in our times have been drawn to appraise it favourably, From this appreciation for the Nestorian school many have gone a step further in offering an added defence of the doctrinal formula adopted by the Council of Chalcedon in 451. One of the ablest presentations of this point of view in recent times may be found in W. Norman Pittenger's book, The Word Incarnate, published in 1959 by Harper and Brothers, New York, for 'The Library of Constructive Theology·. An eminent Pro fessor at the General Theological Seminary in New York, Dr. Pittenger is one of the top-level theologians of the American con tinent. -
Sacramental Symbols in a Time of Violence Requires It Constantly and Dances with It
SACRAMENTS REVELATION OF THE HUMANITY OF GOD Engaging the Fundamental Theology of Louis-Marie Chauvet Edited by Philippe Bordeyne and Bruce T. Morrill A PUEBLO BOOK Liturgical Press Collegeville, Minnesota www.litpress.org Thus we cannot separate the metaphorical word and symbol; we can barely distinguish them. Since in the metaphor there is the possi bility of becoming a symbol, thanks to the genius of the poet, there is in the symbol a metaphorical process of translation of meaning, even if, as we have attempted to say, the symbol is the conveyer of the real to the real. The category of "play" would be the most appropriate to Chapter 10 account for the nature of the symbol. Thus the play between logos and bios allows us to understand that the symbol is more than language yet Sacramental Symbols in a Time of Violence requires it constantly and dances with it. and Disruption: CONCLUSION The anthropological and philosophical approach to symbol can go Shaping a People of Hope beyond its ever-open frontier toward a theology of sacrament. For if and Eschatological Vision the God of Jesus Christ is the Totally Other, he is also the Totally Near, and he is really in symbolic and sacramental relationship with us. Judith M. Kubicki, CSSF Thus, it seems that the symbol is, according to its etymology, this con crete mediation, metaphorical and anaphoric, that allows us to navi gate between worlds. When the theologian becomes anthropologist,'H this INTRODUCTION symbol-sacrament rediscovers its human roots, and when the anthro The classic novel, A Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens, opens pologist becomes theologian, passing through philosophy, the symbol with the following lines: sacrament ontologically returns to its divine aim. -
SOBORNOST St
SOBORNOST St. Thomas the Apostle Orthodox Church (301) 638-5035 Church 4419 Leonardtown Road Waldorf, MD 20601 Rev. Father Joseph Edgington, Pastor (703) 532-8017 [email protected] www.apostlethomas.org American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese ECUMENICAL PATRIARCHATE OF CONSTANTINOPLE Wed: Moleben to the Theotokos 6:00 AM Friday: Moleben to the Cross 6:00 AM Saturday: Confession 5:00 PM, Great Vespers 5:30 PM Sunday: Matins (Orthros) 8:45 AM Children’s Sunday School 9:30 AM Divine Liturgy 10:00 AM. September 15, 2019 – 13th Sunday After Pentecost | Saint Nicetas the Goth | Sunday After the Elevation of the Cross From September 15 until the Leavetaking (September 21), we sing “O come, let us worship and fall down before Christ. O son of God crucified in the flesh, save us who sing to You: Alleluia” at weekday Liturgies following the Little Entrance. (oca.org) Saint Niketas (or Nicetas) was a Goth and soldier who lived on the eastern side of the Danube River within the boundaries of present-day Romania. Bishop Theophilus, the well-known enlightener of the Goths and a participant in the First Ecumenical Synod in 325, converted him to Christianity and baptized him in his youth. Niketas was a devout Orthodox Christian from his youth, and not an Arian as many suppose, for Arianism spread among the Goths through the successor of Theophilus, the bishop Urphilus. Niketas was instructed in the Orthodox faith by Bishop Urphilus (311-383). Urphilus was a native of Cappadocia, who had been captured by the Goths. He was on an embassy to Constantinople when Eusebius of Nicomedia consecrated him bishop of the Goths (341). -
New Religious Movements
New Religious Movements New Religious Movements: Challenge and response is a searching and wide-ranging collection of essays on the contemporary phenomenon of new religions. The contributors to this volume are all established specialists in the sociology, theology, law, or the history of new minority movements. The primary focus is the response of the basic institutions of society to the challenge which new religious movements represent. The orientation of this volume is to examine the way in which new movements in general have affected modern society in areas such as economic organisation; the operation of the law; the role of the media; the relationship of so-called ‘cult’ membership to mental health; and the part which women have played in leading or supporting new movements. Specific instances of these relationships are illustrated by reference to many of the most prominent new religions – Hare Krishna, The Brahma Kumaris, The Unification Church, The Jesus Army, The Family’, The Church of Scientology, and Wicca. For students of religion or sociology, New Religious Movements is an invaluable source of information, an example of penetrating analysis, and a series of thought-provoking contributions to a debate which affects many areas of contemporary life in many parts of the world. Contributors: Eileen Barker, James Beckford, Anthony Bradney, Colin Campbell, George Chryssides, Peter Clarke, Paul Heelas, Massimo Introvigne, Lawrence Lilliston, Gordon Melton, Elizabeth Puttick, Gary Shepherd, Colin Slee, Frank Usarski, Bryan Wilson. Bryan Wilson is an Emeritus Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. He is the author and editor of several books on sects and New Religious Movements. -
The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church
The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church A History Joseph F. Kelly A Michael Glazier Book LITURGICAL PRESS Collegeville, Minnesota www.litpress.org A Michael Glazier Book published by Liturgical Press Cover design by David Manahan, OSB. Painting in Kiev, Sofia. Photo by Sasha Martynchuk. © Sasha Martynchuk and iStockphoto. Scripture texts in this work are taken from the New American Bible with Revised New Testament and Revised Psalms © 1991, 1986, 1970 Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Washington, DC, and are used by permission of the copyright owner. All Rights Reserved. No part of the New American Bible may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the copyright owner. © 2009 by Order of Saint Benedict, Collegeville, Minnesota. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, microfilm, microfiche, mechanical recording, photocopying, translation, or by any other means, known or yet unknown, for any purpose except brief quotations in reviews, without the previ- ous written permission of Liturgical Press, Saint John’s Abbey, PO Box 7500, Col- legeville, Minnesota 56321-7500. Printed in the United States of America. 123456789 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kelly, Joseph F. (Joseph Francis), 1945– The ecumenical councils of the Catholic Church : a history / Joseph F. Kelly. p. cm. “A Michael Glazier book”—T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 978-0-8146-5376-0 (pbk.) 1. Councils -
Alexander of Alexandria and the Homoousion
Vigiliae Christianae Vigiliae Christianae 66 (2012) 482-502 brill.com/vc Alexander of Alexandria and the Homoousion Mark Edwards Christ Church, Oxford, OX1 1DP, United Kingdom: [email protected] Abstract This paper responds to recent publications which play down the role of Bishop Alex- ander of Alexandria in securing the adoption of the term homoousion at the Nicene Council of 325. It argues that, while the term is not employed in any surviving work from his hand, there is some reason to believe that he sanctioned the use of it by his colleagues. There is no doubt that before the Council he had already declared the Son to be “from the Father’s essence”, and it is all but certain that when this phrase was challenged, together with the homoousion at Nicaea, it was he who produced a concil- iatory exegesis of both innovations, relying on the theology that had already been expounded in his letters Philostorgius’ story that he and Hosius of Cordoba had con- certed a plan to introduce the homoousion is not implausible, and it should not be assumed that the author of an anonymous life of Constantine, which corroborates this narrative, is merely paraphrasing Philostorgius. Their testimony is consistent with that of Ambrose of Milan, who can be shown to have been acquainted both with docu- ments and with witnesses of the proceedings at the Council. Keywords Nicaea, Alexander of Alexandria, homoousion, creed, Trinity, Eusebius of Nicomedia, Arius To whom do we owe the presence in the Nicene Creed of the adjective homoousios? There was a time when everyone would have held the opinion, lately endorsed again by Henry Chadwick, that “anti-Arian leaders” had already resolved to press it upon the Council of 325 before its opening.1 The parties to this compact were always assumed to have been Alexander 1) H. -
Does Classical Theism Deny God's Immanence?
Scholars Crossing LBTS Faculty Publications and Presentations 2003 Does Classical Theism Deny God's Immanence? C. Fred Smith Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/lts_fac_pubs Recommended Citation Smith, C. Fred, "Does Classical Theism Deny God's Immanence?" (2003). LBTS Faculty Publications and Presentations. 147. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/lts_fac_pubs/147 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in LBTS Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BiBLiOTHECA SACRA 160 (January-March 2003): 23-33 DOES CLASSICAL THEISM DENY GOD'S IMMANENCE? C. Fred Smith HE CONCEPT OF THE OPENNESS OF GOD has recently gained a foothold among some evangelical thinkers. Others who have T sought to refute this view have done so by emphasizing God's transcendent qualities. This article examines the criticism of clas sical theism by advocates of open theism and seeks to demonstrate that they portray classical theism inaccurately and that they have accepted a false understanding of God. OVERVIEW OF OPEN THEISM The movement's foundational text is The Openness of God, pub lished in 1994.l Most of what open theists have said since then amounts to a reiteration of arguments made in that book. Basic to open theism is the idea that God's being is analogous to that of humans, and so God experiences reality in ways similar to the ex periences of human beings. As evidence of this point Rice cites the fact that humankind is created in the image of God.2 In addition C.