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Glaciares, Nieves Y Hielos De América Latina

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Glaciares, Nieves Y Hielos De América Latina Continúa... Glaciares, nieves y hielos de América Latina. Autores Cambio climático y amenazas, recoge los estudios ...continuación que se presentaron en el VII Encuentro de Adriana Agudelo John Makario Londoño B. Investigadores del Grupo de Trabajo de Nieves y República de Colombia Hielos del Programa Hidrológico Internacional de Adriana Urciuolo Jorge Arigony-Neto la Unesco (GTNH-PHI-LAC), realizado en la ciudad Alejandro Llinás Tamayo Jorge Carvajal de Manizales (Colombia), en agosto de 2008, sobre temas de vital importancia y actualidad, Alejo Cochachin Rapre Jorge Luis Ceballos como la identificación, evaluación, evolución y Alma Jimena Casas retroceso glaciar en cada uno de los nevados y Jorge Strelin volcanes de la región latinoamericana, en especial Álvaro Soruco José Luis Naranjo haciendo énfasis en cuanto que estos cuerpos glaciares son muy sensibles a la variabilidad Arturo Peñafiel José Pacheco climática y son los mayores indicadores de cambio Bernardo Pulgarín José Torres climático, y expusieron estudios de diagnóstico, inventario, monitoreo e identificación de amenazas Bernard Francou José L. Torres para el medio ambiente, entre los que se destacan Blanca A. Botero Hernández Katty Castillo flujos de lodo generados a partir de avalanchas de hielo o erupciones en los volcanes con capa glaciar. Bolívar Cáceres Lars Ungerechts Así mismo, se describen técnicas, métodos e Carlos Alberto Vargas instrumentos (fotogrametría digital, ortofotomapa, Luis Fernando Guarnizo evaluación geométrica, software, radar, redes Carlos E. Cardona Luis Maisincho de estaciones permanentes con propósitos geodinámicos, entre otros) que permiten analizar Cristian C. Santacoloma Luis N. Parra los comportamientos y causas de la disminución de Diana Blanco la masa glaciar, fundamentalmente a partir de la Luis Eduardo Vélez década de los cincuenta. Édson Ramírez Marco Cruz Eduardo Carrillo María L. Monsalve Glaciares, nieves y hielos Eduardo Tobón Marta Lucía Calvache Ekkehard Jordan Milton Arias de América Latina Elkin Porfirio González Martínez Ómar López COLECCIÓN Eric Cadier Rafael Ribeiro Y MEDIO AMBIENTE Cambio climático y amenazas Fabio Vélez GLACIARES, NEVADOS GLACIARES, NEVADOS Rodney Martínez Güingla Fabiola Patricia Rodríguez César David López Arenas Rodolfo Iturraspe Jair Ramírez Cadena Facundo Ponce de León Rodrigo Iturraspe Compiladores Félix Ignacio Meneses Arias Glaciares, nieves y hielos de América Latina Glaciares, Cambio climático y amenazas Santiago Ramos Bermúdez Fernando Mejía Fernández Santiago Yépez Héctor Mora Páez Sergio Camargo Jaime Raigosa Sergio López Isaza Jair Ramírez Cadena Thomas Condom Javier González Ulisses Franz Bremer Jefferson Cardia Simões Víctor Buitrago Jesús Gómez Wilson Suárez Joaquín Valderrama COLECCIÓN GLACIARES, NEVADOS Y MEDIO AMBIENTE Glaciares, nieves y hielos de América Latina. Cambio climático y amenazas Glaciares, nieves y hielos de América Latina. Cambio climático y amenazas Glaciares, nieves y hielos de América Latina. Cambio climático y amenazas Parte 1 Glaciares y cambio climático Parte 2 Glaciares y amenazas César David López Arenas Jair Ramírez Cadena Compiladores MINISTERIO DE MINAS Y ENERGÍA Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería, INGEOMINAS Hernán Martínez Torres Ministro de Minas y energía Mario Ballesteros Mejía Director General Edwin González Moreno Secretario General César David López Arenas Director Técnico del Servicio Geológico José Fernando Ceballos Arroyabe Director Técnico del Servicio Minero Orlando Navas Camacho Subdirector de Geología Básica Marta Lucía Calvache Subdirectora de Amenazas Geológicas y Entorno Ambiental © Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería © Cada autor de los artículos ISBN: 978-958-97896-9-8 César David López Arenas Jair Ramírez Cadena Compiladores Coordinación editorial Luis Eduardo Vásquez Salamanca Diseño y diagramación Andrés Leonardo Cuéllar Velásquez Imagen de carátula Nevado del Huila, Colombia Archivo INGEOMINAS Impresión Digital Bogotá, Colombia 2010 Contenido Presentación 11 Declaración de Manizales sobre “Glaciares Y cambio climático” 13 Parte 1 Glaciares Y Cambio climático El retroceso glaciar del volcán Nevado Santa Isabel y su incidencia hídrica en la ciudad de Pereira Alejandro Llinás Tamayo Félix Ignacio Meneses Arias 19 Análisis del retroceso del glaciar Vinciguerra en Tierra del Fuego Rodolfo Iturraspe Adriana Urciuolo Jorge Strelin Rodrigo Iturraspe Sergio Camargo José Pacheco 61 Variaciones glaciares y disponibilidad de agua en la cordillera Blanca del Perú desde hace 40 años Thomas Condom Wilson Suárez Alejo Cochachin Rapre Jesús Gómez 77 Glaciares Santa Isabel y el Cocuy (Colombia): seguimiento a su dinámica durante el período 2006-2008 Jorge Luis Ceballos Eduardo Tobón Milton Arias Jorge Carvajal Ómar López Víctor Buitrago Joaquín Valderrama Jair Ramírez 91 Cambio climático y glaciares: de la alerta temprana a la comprensión de los ecosistemas de alta montaña Rodney Martínez Güingla 115 Evolución de los glaciares en los Andes venezolanos: glaciares de los picos Humboldt y Bonpland Eduardo Carrillo Santiago Yépez 123 Uso de un GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) en glaciares tropicales: Colombia, Ecuador y Bolivia Jair Ramírez Cadena Bernard Francou Eric Cadier Édson Ramírez álvaro Soruco Jesús Gómez Bolívar Cáceres Luis Maisincho Luis Fernando Guarnizo Carlos Alberto Vargas José Luis Naranjo 137 Potential of Cbers-2b High Resolution Camera (HRC) in Snowcover Identification Rafael Ribeiro Jorge Arigony-Neto Ulisses Franz Bremer Jefferson Cardia Simões Edson Ramírez 165 Acondicionamiento físico previo a la altitud y la marcha en montañas con predominio de suelo volcánico inestable Elkin Porfirio González Morales Santiago Ramos Bermúdez 171 Desaparición de los glaciares en el Parque Nacional de los Nevados en Colombia. Caso Santa Isabel y su investigación glaciofotogramétrica Javier González Ekkehard Jordan Diana Blanco Katty Castillo Facundo Ponce de León José Torres Fabio Vélez 181 Reconstrucción climática en la Sierra Nevada del Cocuy desde la última edad de hielo mediante un MDT de alta resolución José L. Torres Javier González Ekkehard Jordan Luis N. Parra 193 Parte 2 glaciares Y Amenazas Monitoreo hidrometeorológico de los glaciares del Parque Nacional Natural Los Nevados Fernando Mejía Fernández Blanca A. Botero Hernández 211 Evaluación geométrica del casquete glaciar del volcán Cotopaxi usando fotogrametría digital Bolívar Cáceres Ekkerhard Jordan Lars Ungerechts Bernard Francou Arturo Peñafiel 225 Ortofotomapa del Chimborazo y su valor como diagnóstico para cambios climáticos en relación con otros glaciares tropicales Ekkehard Jordan Javier González Katty Castillo José Torres Lars Ungerechts Fabio Vélez Diana Blanco Marco Cruz 239 Aspectos relevantes de la actividad del Volcán Nevado del Ruiz. 1985-2008 John Makario Londoño B. 261 Erupciones del volcán Nevado del Huila (Colombia) en febrero y abril de 2007 y cambios en su masa glaciar Bernardo Pulgarín Carlos E. Cardona Cristian C. Santacoloma Adriana Agudelo Marta Calvache María L. Monsalve 279 Observaciones geodésicas satelitales GPS y monitoreo del cambio global Héctor Mora Páez Sergio López Isaza 307 Red de detectores de flujos de lodo en las cuencas de los ríos Páez y Símbola, Nevado del Huila Jaime Raigosa Fabiola Patricia Rodríguez Alma Jimena Casas Luis Eduardo Vélez 327 Presentación l Programa Hidrológico Internacional de la Unesco ha venido apoyando año tras año, desde el 2004, los encuentros Ede investigadores del Grupo de Trabajo de Nie- ves y Hielos de América Latina. En este orden de ideas, y luego de haber realizado eventos sobre balance de masas, hidroglaciología, meteorología, prospección geofísica, sensores remotos y otros temas afines, el grupo GTNH coordinó el VII Encuentro de Investigadores del Grupo de Trabajo de Nieves y Hielos para América Latina, realizado en la ciudad de Manizales (Colombia), del 28 al 30 de agosto de 2008, con la participación de representantes de Alemania, Argentina, Chile, Brasil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Francia, México, Perú y Venezuela. Para el desarrollo del evento se contó con el apoyo de instituciones de los ámbitos regional y nacional, tales como el Instituto Colombiano de Geolo- gía y Minería (INGEOMINAS), el Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales de Colombia (Ideam), la Corporación Regional de Caldas (Corpocaldas), la gobernación de Caldas, la alcaldía de Manizales, la Oficina de Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia, la Universidad de Caldas, Aguas de Manizales, y de entidades internacionales como la Unesco, el PHI-Unesco, el Instituto de Hidráulica y de Hidrología de la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (IHH-Umsa), Bolivia, al igual que el Instituto de In- 11 vestigación para el Desarrollo (IRD) y el Ministerio de Asuntos Extranjeros y Europeos, ambos de Francia. Los investigadores y especialistas invitados hablaron en sus conferencias sobre temas de gran importancia y actualidad, como la identificación, eva- luación, evolución y retroceso glaciar en cada uno de los nevados y volcanes de la región latinoamericana, en especial haciendo énfasis en cuanto que estos cuerpos glaciares son muy sensibles a la variabilidad climática y son los mayores indicadores de cambio climático; Igualmente, expusieron estudios para el diagnóstico, inventario, monitoreo e identificación de amenazas para el medio ambiente, entre los que se destacan flujos de lodo generados a partir de avalanchas de hielo o erupciones en los volcanes con capa glaciar. Así mismo, describieron técnicas, métodos e instrumentos
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