DOCSLIB.ORG

Tobacco Tax Reform at the CROSSROADS of HEALTH and DEVELOPMENT

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tobacco Tax Reform at the CROSSROADS of HEALTH and DEVELOPMENT Public Disclosure Authorized Tobacco Tax Reform AT THE Public Disclosure Authorized CROSSROADS OF HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT A Multisectoral Perspective Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by a team led by Patricio V. Marquez and Blanca Moreno-Dodson Tobacco Tax Reform AT THE CROSSROADS OF HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT A Multisectoral Perspective Prepared by a team led by Patricio V. Marquez and Blanca Moreno-Dodson, including: Alexander Irwin Prabhat Jha Hana Ross Richard Peto Teh-Wei Hu Mark Goodchild Angela Lisulo Anne-Marie Perucic Melissa Brown Rose Zheng Enrique Fanta Evan Blecher Magaly Garcia Jeremias Paul Paul Isenman Annerie Bouw Sheila Dutta Rouselle F. Lavado Alberto Gonima Moritz Meyer Akosua Dakwa Iryna Postolovska Renzo Efren Sotomayor Cover photos (clockwise from left): City view of Hanoi, Vietnam. Photo by Dominic Chavez/World Bank. Children in the village of Ambohimahatsinjo in rural Madagascar. Photo by Mohammad Al-Arief/World Bank. Rice paddies. Photo by A’Melody Lee/World Bank. A construction worker takes a break. Photo by Alex Baluyut/World Bank. CONTENTS Acknowledgments 7 Executive Summary 11 The Tobacco Use Challenge 12 The Tobacco Tax Imperative 13 Early Wins in Countries 13 Making it Happen 14 Key Policy Challenges 15 Tobacco and Equity: Putting Poor People at the Center 15 Tobacco Taxation and Employment: Bridging to Better Livelihoods 16 Curbing the Illicit Tobacco Trade 18 Conclusion: Expanding the Global Coalition 19 References 20 Introduction 23 A Map for the Crossroads 24 Why This Report Now? 24 Structure of This Volume 25 References 29 Chapter 1: Global Tobacco Control: A Development Priority 31 Abstract 30 The Tobacco Use Challenge 31 Addressing the Tobacco Use Challenge 33 The Imperative of Tobacco Taxation 34 Global Tobacco Control: What is the World Bank Group Doing? 37 Recent Examples of World Bank Group Analytical Work, Technical 38 and Operational Support, and Results Achieved in Selected Countries Advancing the Tobacco Taxation Agenda 46 References 48 Chapter 2: Death and Taxes: Global Effects of Smoking, 55 of Quitting, and of Taxing Tobacco Abstract 54 Background 55 Three Key Messages for the Individual Cigarette Smoker in the 21st Century 56 Slow Emergence of the Full Eventual Hazards of Smoking 58 Relatively Rapid Emergence of Substantial Benefits of Stopping 61 Triple Price, Halve Smoking, Double Revenue 62 Other Effective Interventions: Information, Regulations, 66 and Support for Quitting Death and Taxes 67 Acknowledgments 68 References 68 Chapter 3: Raising Tobacco Taxes: Why, What, and How: 73 Where Public Health and Economics Converge Abstract 73 Background 74 Analytical Approach 75 The “Why?”: Arguments for Tobacco Taxation 75 The “What?”: Nuts and Bolts of Tobacco Taxation 82 The “How?”: Options for Policy Making and Implementation 83 Tobacco Taxation Effects: What to Expect 86 References 92 Chapter 4: The Health Impact of Raising Tobacco Taxes 95 in Developing Countries Abstract 94 Introduction 95 Tobacco Taxation and the Global Development Agenda 95 Modeling the Impact of Higher Tobacco Taxes 96 Tax Policy and Practice in Developing Countries 102 Conclusion 105 References 106 Chapter 5: Harmonizing Tobacco Taxation at the Regional Level: 109 The European Union Experience Abstract 108 Introduction 109 Beginning of the European Union 109 Why Harmonize Excise Duties on Tobacco Products? 110 Current Excise Duties on Tobacco Products in the EU 114 Association Agreements 118 Lessons Learned 118 Conclusion 120 Chapter 6: Beyond the Perceived Regressivity of Higher Tobacco Taxes: 123 Turning Short-Term Losers Into Long-Term Winners? Abstract 122 Introduction 123 Who Smokes? Social and Economic Patterns of Prevalence 124 How Households Adjust when Tobacco Taxes Rise 130 Empirical Evidence from Countries 139 Long-Term Health Gains from Tobacco Taxation: The Experience 141 of High-Income Countries Conclusions 144 References 145 Chapter 7: The Effects of Tobacco Taxes on Employment 153 and Labor Productivity Abstract 153 Introduction 154 The Impact of Tobacco Taxes on Employment 154 The Impact of Tobacco Taxes on Labor Productivity 165 References 169 Chapter 8: The Supply Side of Tobacco Consumption: 175 What Will It Take for Farmers to Switch to Other Crops? Abstract 175 Introduction 176 Potential Effects of Higher Tobacco Taxes on Global 177 and Local Tobacco Supply Relative Returns From Tobacco Versus Alternative Crops 182 Negative Externalities From Tobacco Production 187 Barriers and Feasibility of Switching from Tobacco to Other Crops 189 Summary and Conclusions 192 References 194 Chapter 9: Preventing and Controlling Illicit Tobacco Flows 197 Abstract 197 Background: Why Is Control Important? 198 Measures to Control Illicit Tobacco Flows 203 Case studies 210 Conclusions 213 References 214 Conclusion 217 From Evidence to Action 217 Seizing the “Win-Win-Win” 218 The Road Ahead 220 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was prepared under the lead of Patricio V. Marquez and Blanca Moreno- Dodson, Co-Coordinators, World Bank Group Global Tobacco Control Program, with the editorial contribution of Alexander Irwin, by an international team comprised of (by chapter order): Chapter 1: Patricio V. Marquez (Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice, World Bank Group) Chapter 2: Prabhat Jha (Center for Global Health Research, St. Michael’s Hospital and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada) and Richard Peto (Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Richard Doll Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom) Chapter 3: Blanca Moreno-Dodson (Global Taxation Team, Governance Global Practice, World Bank Group) Chapter 4: Mark Goodchild (World Health Organization), Anne-Marie Perucic (World Health Organization), Rose Zheng (University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China), Evan Blecher (World Health Organization), and Jeremias Paul (World Health Organization) Chapter 5: Annerie Bouw (European Commission) Chapter 6: Rouselle F. Lavado (World Bank Group, now at Asian Development Bank), Moritz Meyer (Poverty and Equity Global Practice, World Bank Group), Iryna Postolovska (World Bank Group), and Renzo Efren Sotomayor (World Bank Group) Chapter 7: Hana Ross (University of Cape Town, South Africa) Chapter 8: Teh-Wei Hu (Public Health Institute’s Center for International Tobacco Control, Oakland, California), Angela Lisulo (Consultant, World Bank Group), and Melissa Brown (Agriculture Global Practice, World Bank Group) Chapter 9: Enrique Fanta (Trade and Competitiveness Global Practice, World Bank Group) and Magaly Garcia (World Bank Group) Tobacco Tax Reform • At the Crossroads of Health and Development Paul Isenman (former World Bank Group Director and Principal Economist) reviewed and commented upon drafts of all portions of the report, providing extensive technical inputs and suggestions, and enhancing the volume’s robustness and quality. Additional comments, and technical inputs provided by Alan Fuchs (World Bank Group), Francisco Meneses (Duke University, United States, and Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Chile), and Alberto Gonima (Consultant, World Bank Group). Victor Tanzi, former Director of the Fiscal Affairs Depart- ment at the International Monetary Fund (IMF), provided comments and guidance on an initial version of different chapters in the report. Sheila Dutta (World Bank Group) contributed to the Conclusions chapter, distilling the main messages of the report. Overall technical guidance and oversight provided by Enis Baris (Program Manager, Health, Nutrition, and Population Global Practice, World Bank Group), and Tim Evans (Senior Director, Health, Nutrition, and Population Global Practice, World Bank Group), James Brumby (Director, Governance Global Practice, World Bank Group), Alma Kanani (Program Manager, Governance Global Practice), and Marijn Verhoeven (Lead Economist, and Coordinator of Global Taxation Team, Governance Global Practice, World Bank Group). Akosua Dakwa (World Bank Group) provided administrative support. The preparation of this report was carried out under the World Bank Global Tobacco Control Program, supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Bloomberg Foundation. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed herein and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated. Washington, D.C. September 26, 2017 8 // Acknowledgments TOBACCO USE NOT ONLY KILLS MILLIONS OF PEOPLE EACH YEAR BUT PLACES A STAGGERING POVERTY AND ECONOMIC BURDEN ON LOW- INCOME FAMILIES TOBACCO USE NOT ONLY KILLS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY There is a policy measure that can simultaneously save millions of lives, reduce poverty, and increase countries’ domestic resources for financing MILLIONS OF development. The policy measure consists of increasing excise tax rates on tobacco in order to reduce its affordability and, as evidence shows, lower its PEOPLE EACH consumption. Today, this powerful human development and poverty reduction measure remains largely underutilized, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This report provides decision support for policy makers YEAR BUT PLACES on tobacco tax reform, as well as analytical and empirical tools for using tobacco excise taxes to save lives and increase government revenues. The report sets forth the public health, economic, and anti-poverty case for higher tobacco taxes; shows how some countries have already
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre
    arqus Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre www.arqus.info Diskussionsbeitrag Nr. 3 Caren Sureth / Ralf Maiterth Wealth Tax as Alternative Minimum Tax ? − The Impact of a Wealth Tax on Business Structure and Strategy − April 2005 arqus Diskussionsbeiträge zur Quantitativen Steuerlehre arqus Discussion Papers on Quantitative Tax Research ISSN 1861-8944 Wealth Tax as Alternative Minimum Tax ? – The Impact of a Wealth Tax on Business Structure and Strategy – Caren Sureth∗ † and Ralf Maiterth∗∗ April 2005 ∗ Prof. Dr. Caren Sureth, University of Paderborn, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Warburger Str. 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany, e-mail: [email protected] † corresponding author ∗∗ Dr. Ralf Maiterth, University of Hanover, Department of Economics, K¨onigsworther Platz 1, D-30167 Hanover, Germany, e-mail: [email protected] Wealth Tax as Alternative Minimum Tax ? – The Impact of a Wealth Tax on Business Structure and Strategy – Abstract An alternative minimum tax (AMT) is often regarded as desirable. We analyze a wealth tax at corporate and personal level that is designed as an AMT as proposed by the German Green Party. This wealth tax is imputable to profit taxes and is hence intended to prevent multiple (multistage) taxation. Referring to data from annual reports and the German Central Bank we model enterprises of different structure, industry, size and legal status. We show that companies in the service sector which generally maintain rather high gearing rates are more frequently subjected to the wealth tax than capital intensive industries. This result runs counter to well-known effects of a common wealth tax. Capital intensive firms, e.g. in the metal industry, are levied with definitive wealth tax only if they have large loss carry-forwards or extremely volatile profits.
    [Show full text]
  • The Science Behind the Tobacco Heating System
    The Science behind the Tobacco Heating System A Summary of Published Scientific Articles Maurice Smith, Christelle Haziza, Julia Hoeng, Frank Lüdicke, Serge Maeder, Patrick Vanscheeuwijck, Manuel C. Peitsch Philip Morris International Preamble very contemporary platform called sbvIMPROVER to foster the verification of both our methods and We recognize that cigarettes are a dangerous results by independent scientists. We have also product, and it is well known that the best way to recently launched an Investigator Initiated Study avoid the harms of smoking is never to start, or to program, a first step towards encouraging third quit. Nevertheless, based on the World Health parties to conduct studies with our RRPs. Organization’s own predictions, there will be more than one billion smokers by the year 2025. In this document, you will find a summary of our Therefore, alternative products that significantly scientific publications describing the assessment reduce the risk of disease compared with of THS2. If you have any comments or questions cigarette smoking are a fundamental complement about our science, be it about the methods we to the regulatory efforts aimed at reducing use or the results we have obtained, let us know. smoking prevalence. We look forward to hearing from you. WE HAVE BROUGHT TOGETHER OVER 300 WORLD- Prof. Manuel C. Peitsch CLASS SCIENTISTS FROM 30 FIELDS OF EXPERTISE – Chief Scientific Officer INCLUDING TOXICOLOGY, SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE – TO DEVELOP AND ASSESS PRODUCTS Declaration of Interest THAT HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO REDUCE INDIVIDUAL RISK AND POPULATION HARM All studies presented and referenced in this COMPARED WITH SMOKING. document were fully funded by Philip Morris International.
    [Show full text]
  • Tax & Value Added Tax—In View of Bangladesh
    International Journal of Tax Economics and Management Tax & Value Added Tax—In View of Bangladesh Md. Ashiquzzaman LLB, Southeast University Email: [email protected] (Author of Correspondence) Bangladesh Abstract Most developing counties are increasingly focusing on domestic resource mobilization toward economic development. In this context, tax performance is of crucial importance, especially for a developing country, since it is the prime source for domestic resource mobilization. This article reviews the incidence of income taxation in Bangladesh tax system. The main purpose of the study is to determine how the burden of personal and corporation income taxes is allocated among taxpayers of different income groups. Bangladesh faces many problems in raising sufficient tax revenues to fund its economic and social development. To address this problem and to improve economic efficiency and growth, a major tax reform program was initiated in 1991 which centered on the introduction of a value-added tax (VAT) to replace a range of narrowly-based consumption taxes. This study works as a linkage between theory and practice on Value Added Tax. In this Article focus on the tax, Value added tax, tax in history, definition, collecting problem, advantage, and disadvantage. Keywords: Tax; NBR; Value Added Tax; Social; Corporate; Economy; Government; Bangladesh. ISSN Online: 0000-0000 ISSN Print: 0000-0000 38 1. Introduction The term ‘tax’ has been derived from the French word ‘taxe’ and etymologically, the Latin word ‘taxare’ is related to the term ‘tax’ which means ‘to charge’. ‘Taxes are compulsory payment to govt. without expectations of direct return in benefit to the tax payer’. [P.
    [Show full text]
  • Tobacco Tax Administration
    WHO TECHNICAL MANUAL ON Tobacco Tax Administration WHO TECHNICAL MANUAL ON Tobacco Tax Administration WHO Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data WHO technical manual on tobacco tax administration 1. Taxes. 2. Tobacco industry – legislation. 3.Tobacco – economics. 4. Smoking – prevention and control. I. World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 156399 4 (NLM classification: WM 290) Reprinted with executive summary, 2011 © World Health Organization 2010 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.
    [Show full text]
  • Smoking Behavior and the Use of Cigarette Types Among University Student
    E-ISSN 2240-0524 Journal of Educational and Social Research Vol 10 No 5 ISSN 2239-978X www.richtmann.org September 2020 . Research Article © 2020 Arisona et.al.. This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) Smoking Behavior and the Use of Cigarette Types Among University Student Amalia Arisona Laili Rahayuwati Ayu Prawesti Habsyah Saparidah Agustina Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia DOI: https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2020-0100 Abstract The number of smokers is increasing every year in Indonesia. Cigarettes can cause several health problems and can even cause death. Aside from conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes and shisha are starting to get the spotlight. The types of cigarettes include conventional cigarettes, electric cigarettes and shisha can cause health problems to both smokers and the people around them. The purpose of this study was to determine smoking behavior and the use of cigarette types in students. This research was quantitative descriptive. The population in this study were students who have smoked either the conventional, electric or shisha. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling with 384 students as the samples. The instrument in this study used a questionnaire that was independently developed by researchers with a total of 14 questions. The results of the data obtained were then analyzed using descriptive analysis presented in the form of a percentage. Based on the results of the study it was found that non-health students (90.6%) were more likely to smoke than health students (9.4%).
    [Show full text]
  • Relationship Between Tax and Price and Global Evidence
    Relationship between tax and price and global evidence Introduction Taxes on tobacco products are often a significant component of the prices paid by consumers of these products, adding over and above the production and distribution costs and the profits made by those engaged in tobacco product manufacturing and distribution. The relationship between tax and price is complex. Even though tax increase is meant to raise the price of the product, it may not necessarily be fully passed into price increase due to interference by the industry driven by their profit motive. The industry is able to control the price to certain extent by maneuvering the producer price and also the trade margin through transfer pricing. This presentation is devoted to the structure of taxes on tobacco products, in particular of excise taxes. Outline Tax as a component of retail price Types of taxes—excise tax, import duty, VAT, other taxes Basic structures of tobacco excise taxes Types of tobacco excise systems Tax base under ad valorem excise tax system Comparison of ad valorem and specific excise regimes Uniform and tiered excise tax rates Tax as a component of retail price Domestic product Imported product VAT VAT Import duty Total tax Total tax Excise tax Excise tax Wholesale price Retail Retail price Retail & retail margin Wholesale Producer Producer & retail margin Industry profit Importer's profit price CIF value Cost of production Excise tax, import duty, VAT and other taxes as % of retail price of the most sold cigarettes brand, 2012 Total tax
    [Show full text]
  • Tax Compliance in Immigrant Communities
    Tax Compliance in Immigrant Communities: Bangladeshis in the UK Submitted by Md Zakir Hossain Akhand to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Accountancy In March 2018 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. (Signature) ……………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Abstract This thesis employs Bourdieu’s theory of practice to explore small immigrant business owners’ adaptation to the host country’s income tax system. In doing this, the thesis applies a sociological perspective in the theorizing and study of their tax compliance behaviour. Drawing on a survey (N=101) and in-depth interviews (N=27) with Bangladeshi family business owners and their tax advisers in the UK, this thesis demonstrates that immigrant business owners’ engagement with the host country’s tax system is grounded in the sociocultural status they inherit from their country of origin, even though their social class positions in the new society unconsciously condition and impact on how they practise tax compliance. Findings suggest that the power relations inherent in the tax professional-taxpayer relationship act as a critical factor in the reproduction and transformation of immigrant business owners’ moral disposition towards compliance with tax laws. The thesis argues that the ways small Bangladeshi family business owners think, feel and act in their approach to tax compliance is likely to differ not only from those of native business communities but also from those of other immigrant communities in the UK.
    [Show full text]
  • ACEA Tax Guide 2018.Pdf
    2018 WWW.ACEA.BE Foreword The 2018 edition of the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association’s annual Tax Guide provides an overview of specific taxes that are levied on motor vehicles in European countries, as well as in other key markets around the world. This comprehensive guide counts more than 300 pages, making it an indispensable tool for anyone interested in the European automotive industry and relevant policies. The 2018 Tax Guide contains all the latest information about taxes on vehicle acquisition (VAT, sales tax, registration tax), taxes on vehicle ownership (annual circulation tax, road tax) and taxes on motoring (fuel tax). Besides the 28 member states of the European Union, as well as the EFTA countries (Iceland, Norway and Switzerland), this Tax Guide also covers countries such as Brazil, China, India, Japan, Russia, South Korea, Turkey and the United States. The Tax Guide is compiled with the help of the national associations of motor vehicle manufacturers in all these countries. I would like to extend our sincere gratitude to all involved for making the latest information available for this publication. Erik Jonnaert ACEA Secretary General Copyright Reproduction of the content of this document is not permitted without the prior written consent of ACEA. Whenever reproduction is permitted, ACEA shall be referred to as source of the information. Summary EU member countries 5 EFTA 245 Other countries 254 EU member states EU summary tables 5 Austria 10 Belgium 19 Bulgaria 42 Croatia 48 Cyprus 52 Czech Republic 55 Denmark 65 Estonia 79 Finland 82 France 88 Germany 100 Greece 108 Hungary 119 Ireland 125 Italy 137 Latvia 148 Lithuania 154 Luxembourg 158 Malta 168 Netherlands 171 Poland 179 Portugal 184 Romania 194 Slovakia 198 Slovenia 211 Spain 215 Sweden 224 United Kingdom 234 01 EU summary tables Chapter prepared by Francesca Piazza [email protected] ACEA European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association Avenue des Nerviens 85 B — 1040 Brussels T.
    [Show full text]
  • Mobilization of Resources for Sustainable Economic Development CONTENTS
    April-June 2010 The Bangladesh Accountant Bangladesh The 67 Vol. 2010 April-June No. 38 Mobilization of Resources for Sustainable Economic Development CONTENTS EDITORIAL April-June 2010 Vol. 67 No. 38 Mobilization of Resources for Sustainable Economic Development 01 ACCOUNTANCY Editorial Board Global Branding of Chartered Accountancy Chairman: M Farhad Hussain FCA Profession in Bangladesh 03 Dr. Jamaluddin Ahmed FCA Associate Editor: Harun Mahmud FCA Role of Chartered Accountants in the Mobilization Members of National Resources 06 Md. Abdus Salam FCA Dr Atiur Rahman Md. Shahjahan Majumder FCA Audit Committee, Independent Director, Bangladesh Perspective 08 Md Abdus Salam FCA FCS Showkat Hossain FCA BUDGET & ECONOMICS Masih Malik Chowdhury FCA Value Added Tax in Bangladesh - An Effective Way Anwaruddin Chowdhury FCA of Internal Resource Mobilization 11 ASM Nayeem FCA M. A. Baree FCA Dr. Md. Abu Sayed Khan FCA Marginal Workers’ Benefits: The Lone fat in Company’s Income Statement! 16 Md. Humayun Kabir FCA Mohammad Zahid Hossain FCA Akhter Matin Chaudhury FCA Analysis of the National Budget of Bangladesh 2010-11: Excellences and Constraints 18 Parveen Mahmud FCA • Md. Hafij Ullah Abdur Razzaque Mollah FCA • Monir Ahmmed Md. Abdur Rashid FCA • Abu Hanifa Md. Noman Bin Alam M A Baree FCA FINANCE & BANKING Md. Nurul Haque FCA Macroeconomic Situation 25 An overview of the Ministry of Finance, GOB Kazi Ehsanul Huq FCA A Comparative Analysis of Interest Rate Parity and Md. Akbar Hossain FCA Sticky Price Model of Exchange Rate 36 Md. Sayeed Ahmed FCA Chowdhury Rajkin Mohsin How to Increase Tax Revenue: Improvement of Enabling Md. Jakir Hossain FCA Environment, Application of Strategic Management Approach 42 M.
    [Show full text]
  • Worldwide Estate and Inheritance Tax Guide
    Worldwide Estate and Inheritance Tax Guide 2021 Preface he Worldwide Estate and Inheritance trusts and foundations, settlements, Tax Guide 2021 (WEITG) is succession, statutory and forced heirship, published by the EY Private Client matrimonial regimes, testamentary Services network, which comprises documents and intestacy rules, and estate Tprofessionals from EY member tax treaty partners. The “Inheritance and firms. gift taxes at a glance” table on page 490 The 2021 edition summarizes the gift, highlights inheritance and gift taxes in all estate and inheritance tax systems 44 jurisdictions and territories. and describes wealth transfer planning For the reader’s reference, the names and considerations in 44 jurisdictions and symbols of the foreign currencies that are territories. It is relevant to the owners of mentioned in the guide are listed at the end family businesses and private companies, of the publication. managers of private capital enterprises, This publication should not be regarded executives of multinational companies and as offering a complete explanation of the other entrepreneurial and internationally tax matters referred to and is subject to mobile high-net-worth individuals. changes in the law and other applicable The content is based on information current rules. Local publications of a more detailed as of February 2021, unless otherwise nature are frequently available. Readers indicated in the text of the chapter. are advised to consult their local EY professionals for further information. Tax information The WEITG is published alongside three The chapters in the WEITG provide companion guides on broad-based taxes: information on the taxation of the the Worldwide Corporate Tax Guide, the accumulation and transfer of wealth (e.g., Worldwide Personal Tax and Immigration by gift, trust, bequest or inheritance) in Guide and the Worldwide VAT, GST and each jurisdiction, including sections on Sales Tax Guide.
    [Show full text]
  • The Illicit Cigarette Trade in Indonesia
    The Illicit Cigarette Trade in Indonesia Widya Kartika Rahmanda Muhammad Thaariq Dwi Rahayu Ningrum Herni Ramdlaningrum Luhur Fajar Martha Setyo Budiantoro 2019 The Illicit Cigarette Trade in Indonesia Authors: Widya Kartika, Rahmanda Muhammad Thaariq, Dwi Rahayu Ningrum, Herni Ramdlaningrum, Luhur Fajar Martha, Setyo Budiantoro ISBN: 978-623-91350-1-0 Researchers: Widya Kartika, Rahmanda Muhammad Thaariq, Dwi Rahayu Ningrum, Herni Ramdlaningrum, Setyo Budiantoro, Luhur Fajar Martha, Wildan Mukhallad, Fajrin Kurnia, Muhammad Fajar Rakhmadi Enumerators: Abd Haris Zainuddin, Adella Oktavia, Adik Saiful Yulianto Safikri, Ahmad Suratmi, Ali Zahid Habibullah, Anbeja Kirsy, Ardian Firmansyah, Dio Farhan Hudaya, Eka Damayanti, Gandi Vimala, Hadisaputra, Haekal Ghifari, Haikal Fadlan Mugits, Hudan Mahfudin Nursalim, Naufal Qowam, Nico Purwanto, Nohari, Ola Aldeva Fenchia, Prilly Putri Herdianti, Rachmat Affandi, Rachmat Ichsan, Rendhy Firmanzah, Rian Fiarno Dwi Cahyo, Rianto, Rizki Hendarji Putra, Sartika Sabani, Setyo Budi Purwono, Sipyanti, Sunardi, Thufeil Muhammad Tyansah Editor: Herni Ramdlaningrum Layout and Design: Bambang Nurjaman Published by: Perkumpulan PRAKARSA Jl. Rawa Bambu I Blok A No. 8E Pasar Minggu, Jakarta Selatan Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12520 © 2019 Perkumpulan PRAKARSA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report presents Perkumpulan PRAKARSA’s findings on the illicit cigarette trade in Indonesia. The analysis in this report focuses on three aspects: the magnitude and demand for illicit cigarettes; factors that affect illicit cigarette consumption; and the price elasticity of demand of substitute cigarettes. The aims of the research are to measure the magnitude of the illicit cigarette trade in Indonesia from a consumer approach; determine factors that affect illicit cigarette consumption; analyze the possibility of increasing the price of cigarettes and the impact on the illicit cigarette trade; and to provide a transparent methodology.
    [Show full text]
  • Seatca Packaging Design (25Feb2020)Web
    No logos, colours, Pictorial health brand images or warnings used in promotional conjunction with information standardised packaging SMOKING CAUSES LUNG CANCER Pack surfaces in a standard colour Brand and product names in a standard colour and font 2020 Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance Packaging Design Analysis to Support Standardised Packaging in the ASEAN Authors: Tan Yen Lian and Yong Check Yoon Editorial Team: Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance Suggested citation: Tan YL. and Yong CY. (2020). Packaging Design Analysis to Support Standardised Packaging in the ASEAN, January 2020. Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance (SEATCA), Bangkok. Thailand. Published by: Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance (SEATCA) Thakolsuk Place, Room 2B, 115 Thoddamri Road, Dusit, Bangkok 10300 Thailand Telefax: +66 2 241 0082 Acknowledgment We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our country partners for their help in purchasing the cigarette packs from each country for the purpose of the study, which contributed to the development of this report. Disclaimer The information, ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reect the views of the funding organization, its sta, or its Board of Directors. While reasonable eorts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information presented at the time of publication, SEATCA does not guarantee the completeness and accuracy of the information in this document and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. Any factual errors or omissions are unintentional. For any corrections, please contact SEATCA at [email protected]. © Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance 2020 This document is the intellectual property of SEATCA and its authors.
    [Show full text]