U»*t Met, Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2014

https://archive.org/details/newmetropolis16000zeis THE NEW METROPOLIS

THE NEW METROPOLIS

1600— MEMORABLE EVENTS OF THREE CENTURIES 1900 FROM THE ISLAND OF MANA-HAT-TA TO GREATER NEW YORK AT THE CLOSE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

EDITED BY

E. IDELL ZEISLOFT

162} 1H9H New Netherlands Greater New York New Amsterdam

ILLUSTRATED W ITH ONI: THOUSAND T.NORA UINOS

\

NEW YORK D. APPLETON AND COMPANY Tho piotunu and text in tluVoook-are protected by

> iip\ riirlit niiv , uinl |»r^>n \ minimi.' tlir right* thus rested in D. Applotou and Company, ot others M- dally designated, will bo Immediately proseout< d I « 1 IK objed of the Consolidation Of Island • « 1 New York with

Brooklyn itself a city of more than q million inhabitants; the district of the

Bronx which is separated from the island only by the narrow and placid

Harlem River; the County of Queens—adjoining on Long Island, hut separated from Manhattan [sland by the Em\ River, with doner connection soon to he made by the new Must River Bridge; Staten Island which is surrounded on all sides by the hav ami the Kill von K nil, and at such a distance as to ho cut off for always from connection with the other parts of the city except by boat—seems not to have been territorial acquisition, but a desire to bring together the scattered units, which

Were really parts of the city, into a harmonious working whole, for the ultimate good of all concerned. That w hat some at first deemed s dangerous experiment has proved to he a desirable arrangement, few doubt.

From the description above it will have been seen that this consolidation makes of New V..rk, topographically considered, a city unique in the history of cities. But in the course of years these component parts will be more closely united by the build- ing of bridges and the digging of tunnels, and by the use of whatever inventions there may he in the way of rapid transit, which will result in relieving the congested districts of Manhattan Island, thus doing away with the most objectionable feature.

The story of New York is more fascinating and wonderful than the most imagina- tive tale ever written. The transformation of an island inhabited by savages to the great city of today, representing the highest civilization in the world, has been almost Aladdinlike. So rapidly have the great strides of progress been made, so like magic

in ;

INTRODUCTION.

their brethren, if seemingly silent, is not the less extensive and have the multitudinous details sprung up, that a Mingle historian lias been exert on

is is true to-day, but in a much greater degree ; and not unable to record any but the most important facts, much of what most decisive." The same literature only, but of music, the drama, the arts, sciences, professions, and interesting being hidden away in miscellaneous ami unread volumes ami in of pursuits, all of which are to be found represented in the memories of the rapidly dying out old generation. While the preser- of the industrial New excepting vation of these interesting little facts is most desirable, it is not the purpose York, not even fanning.

is best represented its of this book to give a detailed description of the early history of New York, The cosmopolitan character of New York on great

but rather to present a correct picture of the greater city as it is at the close Fast Side, where is presented a picture of human misery unparalleled in the

of the nineteenth century, lending up to it with a n'suuir of the memorable world. But New Y'ork is grappling bravely with this problem, so suddenly

events of the preceding three centuries, or from the time the [eland of Mana- thrust upon it by the enforced exodus from their native lands of the hordes of

hat-ta came to the knowledge of the civilized races, illustrated with a huge non-self-supporting and incapable humanity. Much space has been devoted in

number of interesting pictures of old New York which tell their own story. In this book to a description of the East Side, and the methods employed for its

doing this it will be seen that New York has been closely connected with all uplifting. With the restrictions now placed on immigration, together with the

the important events which have been national. The destiny of the island rlo>e attention paid to the education of the young, another generation or two

city has heen the destiny of America. And as it has prospered and lost, the may hope to see the East Side undergo a transformation to Americanism only

pulse of the country at large has responded beat for beat to the throbs of less wonderful than the change wrought in the island itself in the last century.

the financial heart. New York lias not reached this point in her career Thus it appears that a study of New York is a study of the progress of the

without bloodshed and many sorrowful memories. In the wars with other New World. The highest accomplishments in every line of work and pleasure

nations, from the Revolution fcO the Spanish -American War, this bus been hud their best market in this great city, where there is a vast accumulation of the scene of many stirring operations, and some of the most decisive events wealth. And to the student of life and the problems of living, New Y'ork

have occurred here. affords an opportunity for observation not equalled by any other city in the Nearly all of the great inventions which have revolutionized the commerce world. of the world have had their inception or completion in New York. On the Whether I have succeeded in placing on these pages a faithful picture of Hudson, Fulton's first steamboat was proved a success; from Yorkville to The New Metropolis and an interesting representation of old New Y'ork Harlem, the h'rst street-car line the in world was laid; it was here that whether the traveler will tin. it Morse I valuable as preserving permanently, and recall- perfected his invention of the telegraph ; and here that Cyrus Field planned ing vividly, scenes visited ; whether the stranger who has not, and may never, and put into Operation the cable which connects the two continents. become personally acquainted with the city may form a correct idea of its As long ago as when Edgar Allan Poc published his series of criticisms on general character, places and people ; and whether the native or resident will the Literati of , he explained the ph raseology of the title by value it worthy to be handed down to his descendants as representing New saying that "New Y'ork literature may be taken as a fair representation at the of the ori close of the nineteenth century— I leave for the reader to write country at large, the city itself being the focus of American letters. Its mentally on the last page of this volume. authors include, perhaps, one fourth of all in America, and the influence they E. IDELL ZFISLOFT.

IV —

CONTENTS OF THE NEW METROPOLIS.

l'AtiK I'A'ii'.

Birth of the New Metropolis 1 HOTELS Fraunce's TAVERN TO the Waldorf-Astori a .... 8 IS

Borough op Manhattan 6 New York's Hon km i \ Tin. RESTAURANTS 2(51 Borough of 14 Classes in Ni.w York vnd their Wans ok Living .... 272 Borough of Brooklyn 22 Ye Old Inns and Modern Clubs 2!)0 Borough' of Queens 42 SOCIETY in Nkw Yohk—COLONIAL and Modern 812 Borough of Richmond 50 Country Cm us ahout Ni.w York 826 Islands in the Waters of New Yokk 02 The Game op Golf 884 The Hudson River and Environments ok the City .... 66 YACHTING vnd Yxuitsmen 888 New York Harbor—Its Guides and Defenses 72 Primitive Amusements ynd M etkoi-oi.it \n THEATERS .... 848

Memorable Events in the Evolution of the New Metropolis. . 78 History op Music in New Yore 864

Along the Wharves and Docks—Shipping and Ocean Travel . 104 Art and Artists in Niu YORK 876 Street-Cleaning and Disposition op Garbage 110 LITERATURE vnd LITERATI OE Ne\i Yoke 802 New York's Guardians of the Peace 110 Progress of .Journalism .... 100 Fighting Fire—Volunteer and Paid Methods 12.S The National

Three Centuries of Churches 144 New York's Great Mail Sekyd i 428 Cemeteries and Famous Churchyards 100 The Nkw Yore CLEARING HOUSE |:; - Trinity Churchyard 170 and "The Street" 486 Benevolent Institutions and Societies 174 ,,,,() Homeless Men and Women in New York 180 Fifth Avenue Types of New York's News-Vendors L98 The 516 History of New York's Types of Professional Mendicants 198 The EAST Side—An HISTORICAL Review ; Sweat- Shop Si mmer A Great Midnight Charity 202 Ghetto; New York's Chinatown; The ; the Education in New York—Purlic and Private 204 \m> WlNTEB SCENES; Child Life; Children DANCING ON Great Libraries and their Founders 213 Street; University and Colleoe Settlements .... /Hi) Great Parks and Bits of Green 218 Index TO THE STREETS OP MANHATTAN 676 678 New York Markets and Sources of Food Supply .... 238 The Streets oi Manhattan

V

1 1

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE NEW METROPOLIS.

PAHS PASS r wire

The Island <>f Mana-hat-ta In the Tear 1000 XV Block of Houses on Due Hundred and Thirty-ninth StWCl 10 The Bowne Hons,, in Flushing, built in L801 . . . 14

When New York was New Amsterdam, 167!) xv i Looking Across the Harlem from Washington BoightS 1 Pastoral Scene at Wiulleld, on the road from Long Island Province of New York under British rule .... xvi Pelham Avenue crossing the Bronx River ... 18 cuy to Flushing 45

View of Manhattanville, taken from Fort Baight, 1H0O . xvii Washington Bridge over the Harlem River . .10 Oyster Beds, lamaica Bay 40

View of Harlem from Morrisania. in the Province of New Fishing in Pelham Bay 20 Landing Oyster DoaU( Jomaloa Bay 40 York, September, 17G5 xvii Hampden Street. Fordbam Height* BO Opening Oysters, Jomoioa Boj 47 Limit of the Junction of Broadway and the Bowery, 1881 . . . xviii Beginning of the Speedway 21 Beach ftl Par Rookaway, the Southernmost xviii Borough of Queens 48 Old Cortelyoii House, on Long Island, a relic of 1770. . 'BOROUGH OF BROOKLYN, Dan which View of Broad Street, 17015, looking toward Federal Hall . six Board, the Artist, contemplating the Stone lleudpieci — Tower of Cit s Hall 88 •' East Fourteenth Street, 1885, showing Washington Insti- Marks Ko\ I loks," W hi M W>rfl held the Fust (Quaker Type of Primitive Houses in Brooklyn. (Old Sohormer- tute and old City Reservoir xix Meetings in this Country 40 horn house) 22 of the Bowery, showing the Bowery Theater in its View to Ocean Parkway. Bhowing Cycle Path Coney Island . 23 minora u OF RICHMOND.

palmy days, when Fdwin Booth played there . . xix Old View of Montague Street, Brooklyn Qolghte, showing 1 1 cud piece 00 New York from Brooklyn Heights, 1850 XX '-'I St. Avenue. Richmond Terrace, Brighton, . New .... . Lovers' Promenade. (From a print of 1880) Mark's Hook Pond in 1800 xxi The Kolph Eastern Parkway 25 Staten Island 51 View of Second Avenue, looking North from Forty-second City Hall of Brooklyn Borough 20 Clove Lake mi the Midland Road 52 Street, 1861 xxi Brooklyn Bridge from the New York Side, showing Moonlight on th" hill von K nil 68 The Old Tombs Prison xxi wagon road, trolley line, elevated cars, and prome- Sailors" Snug Harbor 54 Bird's-eye View of Greater New York xxii nade .2? Midland Bench 00 Wooded Clade 50 BIRTH OF THE NEW METROPOLIS. Montague Street east from Hicks Streol .... 28 A Headpiece— Andrew II. Green 1 Brooklyn Savings Bank 28 Board Walk at South Beach 57

. Tennis a Favorite (iame mi Island . . 50 Brooklyn Bridge, connecting New York and Brooklyn 2 A Holiday Crowd Bound for C y Island. Timer Park, Lawn SttttOD New Robert A. Van Wyck 3 and Batli Beach 20 Looking West from Livingston, showing point of 00 Benjamin F. Tracy : Seth Low 4 Going to the Homeward Bound Steamer at tie End ol the .Jersey shore In Memory of Henry George 4 Pier 80 Pavilion Hotel, New Brighton, Staten Island ... 01 Farming in theater New York 5 A Typical Crowd and Barker Scone, Coney Island . . 31 ISLANDS / v the WATERS OF HEW yoke. Enjoying the Ocean Breeze. <>n the Beach at Coney BO BO I 'd II OF M. t NBA TTA N. Blaekwcirs Island 02 Island 32 Headpiece 6 Statue of Liberty on Bcdlou's Maud . . . .03 Shooting the Chutes at Coney Island 83 lKUO) 04 James Dunne ; William L. Strong 7 .... Randall's Island (from a print of .... Brooklynites Bound for the Seei f their Daily Toil in Island . 138 A Miniature Coney on Washington Heights. 8 Ward's Maud and EToll Gtttfl fTOU) Bail River Purk . Manhattan 34 Augustus W. Peter-. First President of the Borough . 0 Easl River ami Biker's Island in IN/SO .... 60 Where the Sixth and Ninth Avenue Elevated Railroad A Daily Evening Scene at the New York Entrance to TEE HUDSON RIVER AND ENVIRONMENTS Lines Diverge 10 Brooklyn Bridge 35 '. OF THE i rr) Elevated Railroad at One Hundred and Tenth Street Electric Fountain at the Entrance to Prospect Park . 37 The 07 A \ iiia on the Palisades of the Hudson in 1880 at Night 11 Wheelman's Rest at the West Gate of Prospeol Park . 88 The Hudson River at Inwood 00 Looking Southwest from the Roof of the Woodbridge Receiving Ship Vermont in Brooklyn N'avj Yard . . 30 [n the Woods at Lakewood TO Building 12 Brooklyn Navy Yard and Old Williamsburg in 1H50 . 40 The Hudson Riser from Manhattan Island ... 71 Looking Northeast from the Roof of the Woodbridge Battle-scarred War ships undergoing Repair- in the Building 13 Brooklyn Navy Yard 1 NEW FORK HARBOR- ITS GUIDES AND BOROI'OII (IF THE BRONX BdlKirtill (IF (jCEENS. DEFENSES. by the Sun 72 Headpiece 14 Headpiece 42 The Ship's QfflcerS taking Observations

. . . .72 Old House in Bronx Park, formerly a relay station for Taking the Trolley Cars in Long Island City f-.r Various An Incident on the Voyage to New York Ship's Doctor 73 in Queens . . . ThO Daily Visit of the i Boston . . 15 Points the of .43 .... mail conches bet w en ami New York Borough VII LIST OF [ILLUSTRATIONS l\ TIIK NEW MKTKOI'OLIS.

DOCKS—SHIP- Harbor Firo Station at , and Fire Boat New Sandy Hook Light-ship "4 ALONG TEE WHARVES AND VEL. Yorker 130 Bobbins Hoof Lighthouse 74 PINO AND OCEAN TRA on the River Front, showing fire boats at work . 131 75 Awaiting the arrival of the St. Paul with Ohio troops on A Firo New York Harbor from Staten Island In 186*0. . . Saving Lives at a Tenement-house Fire (an actual scene) 133 Governor's Island 70 board, bound for Cuba Cast It- Williiuii on .... American District Telegraph Com- Arrival of Da Mourgogneat her New York Pier after being Messenger Boys of the Port Wodsworth mi the Stoton Island Shoro ... 70 135 days overdue, Winter 1897-98 . . . .105 pany Exooution Light in Long Island Sound .... 77 many

. 108 White Stai Lino, showing the Teutonic at her pier . COLONIAL AND MODERN EXCISE LAWS. EVENTS TN THE EVOLUTION tho Bast River Fronl 107 MEMORABLE Shipping along .... Headpiece—Ye Old Inn 130 op METROPOLIS. Oyster Boots, Easl River 107 TEE NEW Unloading Steve Brodie's Saloon on the Bowery, exterior and inte- Tablet on < 'oliiniliia College 78 A Holiday (iron] 108 rior 137 The Rogor Morris House (Jumcl Mansion), VVnslii ngton's An Excursion to a Football Came at Yale College, New Interior of the New Hoffman House Bar . . . . 138 Headquarters 78 Haven 1Q8 A Vine-embowered Sidewalk Saloon Addition at Twenty- 1'rison Ship Jersey 78 Poll River Boat at her Pier 109 third Street and Eighth Avenue .... 139 In Oity Hall Park. . . .7!) the Way to Poll River 109 Statuo of Nathan Halo On " " Some of these places are literally covered with signs . 140 III Howling Tearing down t he Stat ue of George on Green 70 /' /'/,• / / AND DISPOSITION OF Barney Flynn's, on the Corner of Pell Street and the 7!) S CLEANING flouso of tho Pirsl Presidential Lovoo in Ohorry street . GARBAGE. Bowery, showing Chuck Connors and typical fre- Old City Hall, on Present Site of tho Sub-Trcasury . . 80 Headpiece HO quenters of a Bowery Saloon 141 City Hall and Park, 1812 to 1800 80 •• White Wings' " Parade Ill I'm m iiI City Hall Deroratcd for Grant Memorial Day . 81 SCIENCE OF THE WEATHER PROPHET. "Each morning COrtS come along and gather up this Hubert Fulton 81 Headpiece—Manhattan Life Building .... 142 waste" 112 Fulton's First Steamboat 82 The Weather Prophet's Private Office . . . .143 Here the Carls are Dumped 112 Statuo ofLafayette in Union Square . . . # . 82 CHURCHES. Governor Clinton 83 Madison Squoro Aftor a Snowstorm 118 THREE CENTURIES OF Saved Refuse 1'iider the Dumps 114 Quaker Meeting House, Flushing, Queens Borough, built Canal Boots in tho Easl River 83 Pinal Disposition of the Garbage 115 in 1070 . 144 The First St reel Car. built in New York, 1831 . . . 84 Interior of the Old Quaker Meeting House, Flushing. . 144 Statue el Morse in < 'enl nil Park M NEW YORK'S OPARH/AXS OF THE PEACE. Some Famous New York Churches of 1820 . . . 145 Fountain In where Croton Wat er was first Headpiece 116 turned on 85 Old St. Paul's Church and New St. Paul Building . . 140 ...... tho Patrolmen on Duty al Vonderbilt-Morlborough Wed- Hector . of Jenny Lind in York 80 Trinity Church and Yard, Broadway and Street 147 Arrival New ding 117 Episcopal Church, Crystal Palace, in Bryant Park, in whioh was held the John Street Methodist first home of Directing a Stranger 118 First World's Fair in America 87 Methodism in this count ry 148 The Speed Limit—A Lost Warning 119 Calvary Methodist Episcopal Church . . . .148 Beccher Selling a Slave Girl from Plymouth Pulpit . 89 " In the lonely districts the mounted policeman sometimes Cyrus W. Field 00 St. Mark's, Second Avenue and Tenth Street . . . 149 finds diversion " 120 The Niagara, Valorous, Gorgon, and Agamemnon laying Marble Collegiate Church 150 "Crowds which so quickly collect about any unusual the Cable in Mid-ocean HO Church of the Transfiguration (Little Church Around happening" 120

Prinoo of Wales Ball in the Academy of Music . . m the Corner) 151 School Duty—A Prequont Scene at Seventh Avenue and William M. Tweed - . 92 St. George's Church, Episcopal 152 One Hundred and Sixteenth Street .... 121 Ib ll (late Channel before 1N70 93 Episcopal Church for Seamen 152 " It is a desert ed baby " 122 Tin' Obelisk Central . Egyptian in Park . . .94 153 •• " Trudging along with the youngster on his shoulder . 122 Part holdi's Maine of Liberty in New York Harbor. . 95 Emanuel. Baptist Church, Brooklyn 154 The Rogues' Gallery at Police Headquarters . . . 123 Monument in Greenwood ' Vmctcry tot he Vict ims of the Madison Square Presbyterian Church (Dr. Parkhnrst's) 154 Police Boats escorting Parade of War Ships upon their Brooklyn Theater Fire 00 Plymouth Church, Brooklyn (the late Henry Ward return from Cuba 124 West Fourtcfiith Street, between Sixth and Seventh Ave- Beecher's) 155 Some of New York's Bicycle Policemen .... 125 1 nues during he great snow-torm of Inks . . . K0 Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church (the late Dr. John River Thieves 120 Snowdrifts on Madison Avenue after the bliz/.ard of 1888 . 97 Hall's) 150 Police Parade, which lakes place each year on the first Washington Arch, in Washington Square ... 98 Temple Beth-el 157 day of June 127 Monument at tho Circle— Columbian Celebration . . 99 Temple Emanu-el 157 Sound Money Demonstration or Bnsinoss Men's Parade, FIGHTING FIRE— VOLUNTEER AND PAID Sheorith Israel Synagogue 158 October 31, 1806 101 mpt i ions. St. John the Baptist's, Roman Catholic, Brooklyn . . 158 Return of the Seventy-first— Crossing at Headpiece 128 St. Patrick's Cathedral 159 Thirty-fourth Street 102 Old Fire 11 built Volunteer Masheen," in 1700 . . . 188 St. Augustine's, Roman Catholic 159 The Parade on Riverside Drive on Grant's Memorial Day 103 Fire Scene t he A during days of the Yoluntcer Firemen . 129 St. Thomas's, Protestant Episcopal 100 viii x

1. 1ST OF [ LLUSTRATIONS l\ THE NK.w METROPOLIS,

PAQI I'AIIK Old St. Thomas's Church |QQ Salvation Army Hall thrown open on a Hoi Night to GREAT LIBRARIES AND THEIR For opus. Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn . 161 Homeless Men [00 Headpiece, AjloivLanox-Tildon 918 Temple Israel 1(51 Homoloss on Blaokwoll'o Women bland .... 101 New York Public Library, to he ended in Bryant West End Collegiate Church L62 Fixing up to Enlist. 109 Park 214 St. Francis Xavier's Church and College— Fiftieth Anni- Lonos Library, Sovontloth Strool and ETlfth Avenue . 218 versary Jubilee 1(53 TYPES OF NEW YORK 'S XEWS-VENDORS, The Original Astor Library 215 All Saints' Roman Catholic Church 104 Headpiece 103 Five Branches of tha New york Frao Circulating Library. 210 Easter Sunday Parade on Fiftli Avenue " Debarred by tho Gorry Sooioty, but toloratod by tho .... 165 After School Hour* 217 good-natured poliooinan" iw\ CEMETERIES AND FA Mi US i 'KURl II VA PBS. " A pale-faced woman who lias children to lupporl " 104 GREAT PARKS IND BITS OF GREEN. Entrance to Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn . . . 160 " " See, she me coal |'i mended i Battory Park and Caitlo Garden in 1800 .... 21h Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn 16? " Each anxious to sell last the paper" .... 195 Battorj Park and the Aquarium In 1800 ... 218 Moravian Cemetery at New Dorp, Staten Island . 168 lie called "Yel lie seemed happ) as In- extra- In a loud, The Observatory, Central Park 'Ji'.i

Woodlawn Cemetery, Borough of the Bronx . . .171 shrill voico" ...... 100 Bow Bridge, Central Park 210 Trinity Churchyard 173 Newsboys' Lodging House IliO Solitude, Central l'ark 220 " BENEVOLENTINSTITUTIONS AND SOCIETIES A blind man arranges hia papers with wonderful dex- At the Animal ('ages. Central l'ark 220 terity" 190 Tho Torraco Fountain, . New York Orphan Asylum 174 and Central Park. . . 221 " A pathetic figure, worthy tho pencil of Dor<5, counting Entrance lo the Cave, Central Sherwood Memorial Eye Infirmary 175 Bark 222 his papers on City Hall steps" 1117 Boautiful Lake near the Plana Institution for the Blind 175 Entranco to tho Park . 228 41 n Selling Papers to get Money Enough for Hike , . 107 Mall, Central Isabella Home for the Aged 176 a Tho l'ark 224 Statue, Indian Hunter, Central Montcfiore Home for Chronic Invalids .... 176 l'ark 2'JI TYPES OF I'ROFL'SSIOXA I. ME.\ DIt A XTS. Statue, Commerce, Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society .... 177 Central Park 224 "Bless my heart, all day without a drink "... 1H8 l'it!tnres(|uo Scenery, Upper End of Central Hebrew Orphan Asylum 177 Park . 225 " " They work on tho sympathies of othor people . 108 Statue, Robert, Burns, Central Park 226 " HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARIES, GENERAL Tho work of a poor old sailor" 100 Sfatuo, tho Pilgrim, Control Park 226 " Droning dismally on liddle" 100 AND SPECIAL. a Winter in ('en! nil l'ark Skating 00 tho Se\ cut y second " " Receiving a Patient, Bellevue Hospital .... 178 The Dean of tho Guild 200 Street Lake 227 " Bellevue Hospital Buildings 179 "Found lying insensible 200 In Claromonl Park, Bronx Borough 228 " " The Morgue, Bellevue Hospital 179 He is the organist of the Broadway Talieniaele . . 201 Morningside l'ark 228 Patients on Veranda, Bellevue Hospital .... 1H0 Sunday in Central l'ark— A Slop at McUown's Pass New York Hospital 180 A GREAT MIDNIGHT OHARITY. Tavern 220 Headpiece 202 United States Naval Hospital, Brooklyn . . . .181 Hudson Park, along tho Hudson River, Bronx Borough . 280

The Line of Men at Midnight Wail ing for Bread . . 208 Presbyterian Hospital 181 Beautiful Walk in filvonldc l'ark, along the tludsOD 281

Roosevelt Hospital and Syms Operating Room . . . 182 A Bath in the Woods, Bronx l'ark 282 EDUCATION IN SEW YORK—PUBLIC AND Mount Sinai Hospital 182 Natural Scenery in Bronx Park 283 PRIYA TP. Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital . . . 183 Nature Undisturbed, Proipeol l'ark 234 Headpiece 204 "Stationed in the vestibule is the famous cradle" . . 184 Plaza (main) Entranco to Prospool l'ark .... 284 Grammar School, Eighty-second Street and West 12ml Mothers and Babies waiting to get on the Floating M imonl In Memory of the Pour Hundred Maryland Avenue 204 Hospital 184 Troops Killed in the Battle of bong [gland . . 286

Before tho Bell Rings— An East Side School . . .205 The New York Foundling Hospital 185 Water Tower and Reservoir overlooking Prospect l'ark . 235

High School in Flushing, Queens Borough . . . 200 In the Babies' Hospital 185 Children at Ploy In Brooklyn Forest Park . . .280 An Interested Group 206 Tho bake, I'rospect Park 287 HOMELESS MEN AND WOMEN IN NEW YORK. Military Drill. Berkeley School 207 Headpiece 186 Boys' High School. Brooklyn 208 NEW YORK'S MARKETS ax It SOURCES of "Go down any day to City Hall Park, sit on one of the Normal College, Manhattan 208 FOOD SI PPL Y.

" . benches and watch them 186 Salute to the Flag, Packer Institute, Brooklyn . 209 Old Washington Market 238

'.'I't " Scl I for Voting Ladies, Brooklyn His dejected mien had enlisted ray attention" . 1*7 Central Grammar After tho Rush 241 Mike Callahan (from life) 187 Teachers' College, Manhattan 210 In Battery Park can always be seen Varied and Interest- , Western Boulevard (Upper Broad- HOTELS—ERA UNCE'S TA VERN TO THE WAL- ing Types 188 way) 211 DORF ASTORIA. 242 Types of Homeless Men in a Two-cent Cellar Lodging Library and Buildings of , Morning- Burns' CoffflO House House 189 side Heights 212 Fraunoe'fl Tavern 242 Ix LIST OF [ILLUSTRATIONS IX THE NEW METROPOLIS.

PAOE paom PAOB Metropolitan Club, Sixtieth Street and Fifth Avenue . 205 The Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, Thirty- fourth Street entrance 243 New York Residence of John I). Rockefeller . . . 275 Kast Side of Fifth Avenue, showing Democratic Arrangement of tho Waldorf-Astoria 244 The Ti (Tuny Resilience 375 Block on Club 298 Beading Boom, Mills House No. 1 215 House of George Crocker 276 1 the Democratic Club, showing prominent leaders C.iurl Smoking iiinl Lounging Boom, Mills BOUSO \Uo, I. House of Hugenio de Teixeira 276 Cafe of of House of Bhiiielander Waldo 277 of the Democratic Party and Tammany Hall . 297 Palra-gordon Restaurant of tho Hotol lmporlal . . 240 House of Chaiincey Dcpew 277 Colonial Club, Seventy-second Street and Western Boule- Drawing-room of the Royal Suito in the Astoria . . 247 M. Hotel Majestic- 248 House of Isaac D. Fletcher 278 vard (Upper Broadway) 298

Tliu Sim Hemo Apart incut Hotel 248 House of Henry Marquand 378 University Club. Fifth Avenue and Fifty-fourth Street . 298 The Thirty-fourth street Entrance to tho Waldorf- Astoria House of Louis Stern 279 Interior of the Lambs* Club 299 Passing Through . . The Old the Temporary Wash- on a Rainy Night 241) Bousos of Rlohard Crokor and H. Maxwell . 270 Guard

/it ington Memorial Arch at Washington's Inaugural Cab Stand Madison Square, and the Hotol Martin. Mi . 250 House of John EI. Mathews 280 Empire Hotol, Winter Scene 250 Block Looking South from Seventy-sixth Street, Riverside Celebration, in 1889 300 A Stair Landing and Marble Balustrade in tho Hotol Avenue 281 Society of the Colonial Wars at their annual dinner at Savoy 251 Sherry's New Building 281 Dulmonico's 301

The and Surroundings in 1NM1 . . . 252 Block on West Knd Avenue North from Figlity-foiirth Harlem Club 302

United Stales 11 1 (Holt's Folly), built in 1833 . . 252 Street 282 A rion Club, Fifty-ninth Street and Park Avenue . . 302 Famous Dining room of the Hotel Savoy .... 258 Block on Weal End Avenue North from Seventy-second Sons of the Revolution, New York bound, after unveil- St. Nicholas Hotel mi linwer Broadway, considered a Street 282 ing a statue at Tarrytown 303 wonder in 1850 254 Block on West Knd Avenue North from Seventy-sixth Union League Club, Brooklyn 304

( Franeoni's 'irons and Hippodrome wliicli si 1 on the Street 282 Clubhouse of the N. Y. A. C. at Travers Island . . 305 site of tho Fifth Avenue Hotel 254 Block on West End Avonuo North from Seventy-fourth Albert Stevens and Charles F. Bates, Tandem Drivers . 305 Dining-room of the Fifth Avenue Hotel 255 .... Street 283 Horse Racing at Morris Park, Bronx Borough. . . 300

The Manhattan, the tallest hotel in New . . 250 York Block on Seventy-sixth Street, Boulevard (Upper Broad- On Deadhead Bluff, overlooking Manhattan Athletic Hotel Martin, unpretentious in appearance hut famed way) to West Knd Avenue 283 Field 307 for its cuisine 257 Block on Seventy-fifth Street, Boulevard (Upper Broad- Deadheads on the Viaduct over the Harlem River, over- The Plaza 258-250 to West Knd Avenue way) 283 looking Manhattan Athletic Field . . . .307 Hoof garden Bestaiiranl of the Hotel Majestic . . 200 Block on Seventy-third Street, Broad- Boulevard (Upper Meet of the Tandem Club, Central Park . . . Beach .309 Manhattan and Hotel, Brooklyn Borough . . 201 way) to West Knd Avenue 283 May Party of the Holland Dames of the New Nether- NEW )<>KKS H<>I1EML\-TIIE HESTAVHANTS. The Osborne Apartment Hotel 284 lands at 310 Dining in the W ine The Navarro. Fifty-ninth Street facing Cellar of a Liberty St reet Cafe . . 202 Central Park . 284 Daughters of the Revolution 311 Open-air of Floor of High-class incut Dining-room on Plan a a Apart House . . ->s:, tho top floor of the Hoffman SOCIETY IN NEW YORK— COLONIAL AND House . .' Block on and Sixth Street, Amsterdam 208 One Hundred METROPOLITAN. Summer Garden Dining-room of the Park Avenue Hotel 204 Avenue to Western Boulevard 280 Headpiece The Claremont, MoilelTenenieiit Houses, 312 Riverside Drive 205 West Si xt y-ninth Street . . 287 Mrs. John Jay 312 Menu of typical Table-d'h6te Plan Floor flats) Dinner (facsimile) . . 205 of (two 288 Lady Kitty Duer 312 Menu of a Luncheon Beautifully Served on Bnaidwav Plan of Floor (three flats) 288 Colonial Pleasures 313 for Twenty-five Cents (facsimile) .... 200 A Two-room Apartment, which rent- for eighi dollars a Elizabeth De Peyster— First of that family in America . 314 Menu of the Kind of Dinner Eaten Daily by Thousands month 288

Mrs. Alexander Hamilton (Klizabeth Schuyler) . . 314 of New Yorkers 200 The Return Home of B Working Girl after the Day's Mrs. Robert Morris (Mary White) 315 A Delmonico Menu Card (facsimile) 207 Work is Over 289 Mrs. James Beekman (Jane Keteltas) Rotunda of House, showing some of the prom- A Working Girl's Home. While .... 315 eating her frugal meal Mrs. Ralph Izard (Alice Delancy) 315 inent men who dine there 209 she meditates on the future 289 Commodore Vanderbilt. Kitchen of a Chinese Restaurant 270 founder of the Vanderbilt fam- YJS OLD TNNS AND MODERN CLUBS. ily and fortune Dining-room of a Chinese Restaurant .... 271 318 Belvedere Clubhouse, on CLASSES 1702. the block covered by John Jacob Astor, founder of the Astor family and for- IN NEW YORK AND THEIR WAYS Montgomery, Clinton, Cherry, and Monroe Streets . 290 tune OF LI Visa. 316 Union Club, Fifth Avenue and Tweiit) first Street . . 291 John Jacob Astor (the present) 317 Residence of P. Kleeberg 272 New York Club. Fifth Avenue and Thirty-fifth Street . 802 Cornelius Vanderbilt, present head of the Vanderbilt House of William C. Whitney 273 Calumet Club, Fifth Avenue and Twenty-ninth Street . 298 family 317 House of Stuyvcsant Fish 273 Union League, Fifth Avenue and Thirty-ninth Street . 293 William C. Whitney 317 Helen Gould's House at Irvington-on-tho-Hudson . . 274 Pewter Mug Tavern and Tammany Hall, in Frankfort The late Ward McAllister 318 C. P. Huntington's Country Residence .... 274 Street. 1860 094 x The late Mrs. Paran Stevens 318 .

l.lsr OF [ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE NKW METROPOLIS.

r-AOR PA0I Mrs. William Astor 310 PRIMITIVE AMUSEMENTS AND METROPOL The Gdison Summer Girl 884 Mrs. Stuyvesant Fish 310 TTAN Tin: \ ri i:. S ( harlot Dane Gibson In his studio 880 The Duoheas of Marlborough (Oonsuelo Vanderbill | 880 Kroul of Original Bowery Theater ; (Edwin Booth). B48 Metropolitan of Museum Art, Central Park . . . 880 Mrs. 0. II. P. Belmont Sarah Bernhardt in at 111 Gismonda Abbey's Theater . 3 Main Fntrance «.f the New Fust Wine, q! the Metropoli- Breakfast Tuble of the Marlborough- Vandci Lilt Wel- Daly's Theater 8S0 tan Museum of Art jinn

', ding . . . . »> , > / . 321 Interior of Kostcr and Hial's Music . Hall 851 Memorial to Ellchord M. Hunt sno Mrs, Clarence Maekay (Katharine Duer) . 322 Garden Theater. .Madison Square Life Class Garden, 802 of the Artist. William Chase . M. . . 887 Altar Decorations for the Paget- Whitney Wedding, 828 An Audience at Proctor's Pleasure Palace 333 Brooklyn Arts ami Institute of Solonoot, Brooklyn . . 888 Lispenard Stewart 824 Audience An at the Casino 800 National loadomy of Design, Fourth Avenue and Twenty. Worthington Whitehouse 824 • latino Hoof Garden, Alice the Athorton on stage . 807 Third Street 888 A Dinner of Society People at I )elmonieo's 323 New York (formerly IlammcrMciii's Olympia) Theater HON FaiiioiiN Carbon St uilio of James L. Breese . . 3N0 Outside the Church During the Wedding Ceremony 826 A Corner in New York ( lass (Olympia) Music Hall . 808 A in Modeling ])00

Corner Showing I lie Boxes in New Yol k (Olympia), BOO New Building of tho Appellate Division of tho 8uprome COUNTRY CLUBS ABOUT NEW YORK. Fourteen! h Street Theater 860 Conrl ol Ni w Fork, Madison Avonua and Twenty. At the Country Club of Westchester 327 Casino Tin- ...... 861 fifth Street 801 House of the Country Club of Westchester 328 Kmpire Theater 802 Before and At the Crack of the Whip (Meadowbnu.k LITER ITl RE AND I ITER I Pi OF YORK. Roof Garden of tho American Theater 868 NEW Club) 329 Statue of Shakespeare. Central Park 302

' Poo's CottOgO at Pordhain, Ilronx Horoiigh . . "Out of the yard, into the road, thence over hill and EISTOR Y OF MUSH I \ \ E R I 0RZ . 803 " Orpheus. Fdgar Allan Poe 803 down dale 330 (Drawn by Will II. Lowi . 864

" Washington Irving FitoGroono . . Across field and furrow, over fences, brooks, through Statue of Beethoven. Central Park .... 305 ; Hallook .804 woods and pastures" 331 Jenny Lind 3(111 William Oullen Bryant 800 Lind Concert William Dean HowcIIh }J06 An Evening Jaunt of the Meadowbrook Club . 332 Jenny in Castle Garden, 1850 867 Choir Boys. (Copyright! 1885, by .lames l. Breeso) 868 Bdmund Glaronoo Stedraan 307 Richard Harding Davis THE GAME OF GOLF. In the Organ Loft 860 30N Monthly During . Lunch Hour at the Championship Golf Games Padorowski. (Drawn by li ving u. Wiles) 370 Famous Magazines Publlshod m New York 300 at Ardsley 333 Marie Ko/.c as ( 'annen B70 PROGRESS "/' JOURA iLISM Headpiece 334 Kmma Calve as Carmen 371 Headpiece « Hd I laud Press 400 Listening for the Ball 335 Minnie Hank as Carmen 371 Si wspaper (Park) Wow in IN70 401 Watching the Result of an Interesting Stroke . 886 Adelina Patti as Carmen 371 Hall IN'.IO City and NowSpaper Uow (), . 408 A Respite from Legal Cares .... 336 Anton Seidl 372 Watching the Groal Prossei of tho New- fork Herald, Following the Winner 337 J. Phillip Sousa 372 a familiar night scei n llrnadway .... 404 Patrick s. Gilmore 373 YACHTING Dail] Newspapers of the Metl'opuliH UI5 AND YACHTSMEN. Theodore Thomas ...... 373 Type-setting Machines 400 America's Cup 338 Victor Herbert 373 Newspapers <.f the Daily Mofcropoli . [iiiblishcil iti foreign Annual Rendezvous of the New York Yacht Club at New- Jean de Reszke as Borneo 874 languages 407 port 339 Qerster; BmmaThursby: Niltson 374 .... Horace Grooloy j Parke Charles Dana . 408 Watching an International Yacht Race from the Deck Godwin; A, Fames as BSmma Eva in Die Ucistersinger 374 W atching the Bulletin Rowal the time of the Taurus 340 Boards on Park At the I Douse. Scene Metropolitan (pern from Die Meis of Dewey's great battle of Manila Hay 400 Start of the Schooners, New York Yacht Club. 341 tcrsinger 375 Office of Howard Gould in his Steam Yacht Niagara 342 THE NATIONAL OUARI) IS MAY YORK CITY.

Stairway and Library in Howard Gould's Yacht Niag- I RT a Nl> ARTISTS IN NEW YORK. no ara 342 West, at John Trumbull, Benjamin Gilbert Stuarl 370 Old Slate Arsenal While and Elm Streets . . 410

Rare of the Thirty-footers a Hard Puff 343 Statin- of Peter Cooper, in front of Cooper . — .... Fnioii 377 Astor Place Blot in 1840 . ill Flagship of the Larchmont Yacht Club Statue, .... 344 Cooper Union 878 Seventh Begimonl Central Park . . 412 of Atlantic Yacht Club Norton's Point. Clubhouse the at Irving It. Wiles; Kdwin II. Bla-shlield ; Faslman John- Soldiers' Monument, Greenwood Comotery . 412

Coney Island son : of the 344 Thomas Hovenden 370 Armory Seventh Kcgiment .... . 413

On the Home Run 345 George Inness: Frederick James 880 Military Staff of Ex-Governor Morton . 114 of The Defender Sailing Alone the Third the Interna- Will H. Low: F. Childe llassam 381 Offlcors' Quarters 01 tho Annual Camp at Peekskill . 414

tional Races of 1896 346 J. <;. Brown; B. W. Clincdlnst; Elihu Vedder; C.Y. Target Practice at Creedmoor . 415 \ta- Mr. and Mrs. George Gould going to their yacht Armory of the Ninth Hegirnent .... . 416

lanta 347 Carroll Bookwith in his Studio 383 Armory of tho Thirteenth Regiment . 410 XI LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE NEW MKT

PAGE I'AIIK PAOK Madison Square at Night 480 Armory of tlio Seventy-first Regiment 417 The Stock Exchange 444 and Sixth Avenue, looking south from Greeley Armory of tho Eighth Regiment 417 Customs Officers examining the Baggage of Travelers Broadway 445 Square 487 Armory of t lie Twciity-t hinl Regiment . 418 from Kurope

it Sidewalk along the Herald Building on a Hainy Day . 480 Armory of t lie 'I' went y-sccond Regiment . 1 ih "A button wood tree grew there then, and under they drew up this agreement " 446 Frank C. Ives at a Championship Came in Madison <;r.\h'l> THE NATIONAL OF NEW YORK IN Interior of the Stock Exchange in 1850 . . . .447 Square Garden 400

Tin: SPANISH i VERIOAN WAR Interior of the Stock Exchange in the Spring of 1800 - 441* Interior of Ives' Billiard Parlor 400 The Nimli Rogimonl leaving n> u 5Tork for Camp Town- Wall Street from Broadway, showing lings on the build- View of Forty-second Street at Broadway, 1808, showing send, Pcckskill, N. Y 4n» .-paces arc used for t how unoccupied advertising . ing-, at t Ih ime of the War with Spain . . . 453 401 The Sovcntydlrsl Rogimonl crossing the river ut San VlOW of Wall Street in 1850 454 The Boulevard (Upper Broadway) on a Rainy Day . . 403 Juan 420 .1. Morgan; Russell Sage; James R. Keene . 455 Piorponl FIFTH A VENUE. Tho Ninth Rogiinont, N. G. N. Y 421 .lay Could ; James Fisk. Jr. ; Washington K.Connor . 456 Washington Arch in Washington Square . . . Return of tho .Seventy-first Regiment 122 404 .... Roswoll P. Flower; S. v. White; D. G. Mills ... 457 Two old Red Mansions on the Northern Side of Wash- Waiting mi Lower Fifth Avenue fur the Seven! y-liisl ('. I'. Huntington; Honrj ( lews 458 its return ington Square guard the Entrance to Fifth Avenue. 405 Regiment upon from Cuba 488 Wall Street at Midnight' 45!)

1 »« Brevoort Hotel 400 Parade «>f the Naval Reserves 1 • Broadway ti j >ii their 1 E00OEWEQ (1600)—BROADWA r(1800). " " of block of deserted . . return from Cuba 124 One a mansions . . 407 "The LandpOOrt, a gate which opened in the fort wall, Return of the Astor Battory from tho Philippines. "The deserted Morton house (corner) with its impend- " ni-ar where No. 1 Broadway stands to-day . . 4G0 Breaking up "f the Crowd on the Plaza at Union ing doom " 408 Sleighing on Broadway in 1800; showing a public con- Dclnionico's, Square just after the Battery had turned into Fourth Twenty sixth Street ami Fifth Avenue . 400 veyance on runners 4G1 Avenue (26 Fifth Avenue, looking North from Fifty-first Street . 501 Beginning of Broadway and the Bowling Greon in 1800, Northwest Corner of Fifty-second Street and Fifth Ave- VOLUNTEER LIFE-sa v/.xti coins /.v \/:w at the lime the was being cable laid .... 462 nue. House of W. K. Vanderbilt YORK. 502 Beginning of Broadway in 18110 403 Block looking South from Fifty-fourth Street . . . 502 Volunteer Captain of Life-saving Corps . 486 st Fu Block of Broadway, on the East side of the Street 464 Block looking South from Fifty-seventh Street . . 503 Rescue along the Sound A 427 Lower Broadway, looking north from Cedar Street . . 405 Southeast Corner of Fifth Avenue and Fifty-seventh

Figures On Front of the . . 466 NEW YORE'S GREAT MAIL SER1 TOE. Street. House of C. P. Huntington .... 503 Lower Broadwuy, looking south from Fulton Street . 467 Block looking Headpiece 409 South from Fifty-eighth Street . . . 504 The Kmjiirc Buildim;. Rector Street ami Broadway, in In the Mail Car 428 Fifty-eighth Street and Fifth Avenue. House of Cor- courso of construction 408 nelius Vanderbilt, The Grim day Post Offloo, Immediately south c»r cny Sr 504 Lower Broadway, looking north from Fulton Street . 460 Hall Park 429 Southeast Coriier of Sixty-first Street and Fifth Avenue. Broadway in 1865, looking south from the Astor House . Sorting Letters for Cencral Delivery 430 470 House of Elbridge T. Gerry 505 .... A Carriers Panoramic Yiewof Broadway, from the Astor House Block looking North from Sixty-first sorting for their Routes 481 Street . . . 506 to in Sending Mail by 1850 (facsimile of an old print) . 471 Block Pneumatic Tubes looking North from Sixty-second Street . . 506 431 "The gamins scramble upon the basin's edge to splash Block looking South from Sixty-fourth Street . . . 5i>7 TEE NEW YORK CLEAIilXd Iloi'SK. within it" 470 Block looking South from Sixty-filth Street . . . 507 Rank Clerks on the Way to the Clearing Broadway, north House 488 looking from the Post Office, in 1800, Promenade on Fifth Avenue along Central Park . . 508 Tho New York Clearing H0U8O 4:1:1 before the cable (now electric) line was laiil . 472 Block looking North from Sixty-fifth Street . . . 500 Sccno in tho Now York r Clearing House . Broadway, looking north from 4:i. ) the Post Office and City Block looking South from Sixty-sixth Street . . . 500 Hall Park in 1800 473 Block looking North from Sixty-sixth Street . . WALL STREET u . 510 AND TEE STREET." " Wrathful Greeks or Italians lamenting apples or ba- Block looking North from Sixty-seventh Original Wall Street Wall and Old Dutch Street . . 510 Guard . 186 nanas " carried off by ileet-footed juveniles . . 474 Block looking South from Sixty-ninth Wall Street in 1700 Street . . .511 487 Broadway, looking north from Street Franklin . . . 475 Block looking South from The Sub-Treasury Seventieth Street . . .511 487 Broadway, looking north from the Broadway Central North Corner of Fifth Avenue and Seventy-first Street . Wall Street on Sunday I3N 512 Hotel 477 South Gold Transactions in the Sub-Treasury n Corner of Fifth Avenue and Seventy-second Street 512 . 180 on Broadwaj Sunday, looking Bouth from Franklin Street 478 United Stales Assay South Corner of Fifth Avenue and Seventy-fourth Street 512 Office 480 Figures (models) displaying Summer Capes and Suits m Block looking North Countingand putting (iold from Seventy-fourth Street . . 513 Coin in Bags ready for Storing 440 the Late Winter Months 470 Interior ( Block looking South from of the Receiving l»i vi>ii in of 'urrencv Seventy-eighth Street . . 513 no In Front of Tiffany's (Union Putting Squaro) .... 480 Northeast Corner of Seventy-eighth Centa in Hags of Street and Fifth $50, ready for tho Vaults 441 On a Shopping Tour on Broadway United States Custom 4§1 Avenue House 111 514 Broadway on Sunday, looking north from Nineteenth Old Government House Southeast Corner of Seventy- ninth Street and Fifth 443 Strcot xii . 483 Avenue 514 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN Till-: METROPOLIS.

I'AOB MOI MOI Fifth Avenue at Night, looking north from Delmonioo's 515 A Vegetable Wagon Dubious haver . —A Pun . . M8 Battery Park in Winter 680 Fifth Avenue, looking toward Mt. Morn- ['ark from One ('ritual Buyers—Testing Eggs at the Mar- Hester Strool Bowling Green and the Produce Exchange Building . 580 Hundred and Eighteenth Street . 51G ket 540 Interior of the Produce Fxelmiige 5N| THE BOWERY. An Old-eluthes Store Sorting a Load which has just Houses on Beaver Street a Century ago .... 582 arrived 550 Now Street Governor Stuyvesatit's Mansion 517 588

At the Hester Street Thursday-night Market . . .551 Broad Street ;,h."> The Bowery House, on the Bowery, in 1S00 517

An Orchard Street General Puruishing Store . . . Scene on West Street The Bowery from 518 569 fl87 Nn>>au Street at Noon A Typical Scene t he 088 on Bowery 518 THE east si he simmer AND WINTER A80 St 'ENES. TIIE EAST SIDE—AN HISTORICAL REVIEW. A Pag* of Buildings 00] A lb. i Niu-lit on the BaSl Side 555 Old Dutch Windmill 519 A Pa^e of Buildings filCl An Eviction—A Vain Protest 556 An Encounter between a Swell and a " Bowery B'hoj Park Bow Building on Park Bow 605 Hot Night the Fast Sid. —Five Points in 1827 A on —Seeking Belief on 6lH 521 Interior of "Control," New York Telephone BSsohongo . 507 Roofs 557 A Delicatessen Store on Flizabeth Street .Mis FOREIGN COLONIES OF TIIE EAST SIDE. .... The Criminal Court and the New Tombs . . . THE EAST SIDE -CHILD . 500 "They have thrown aside their blacking-boxes and are LIFE. " Don't laugh " 'I'll.' DflUj BSronlng Push ot Suburbanites and Travelers in " 558 deeply interested the hazard of sebendeben crap . 522 of the Street PaYOred Boys of Fortune their Country Cortland! Ferry 601 Mulberry TWO at Homo . 558 Old Bend (now Mulberry Bend Park) . . 523 A Harness Shop on West Street Their only Safe Playground — In the Hear of the Tene- tj(>2 Children at the Drinking Fountain, Mulberry Bend Park 828 Beading-room of the Merchants' \ssocialion ments 550 . . . 605 A Meeting of the Greek Push-cart Peddlers' <'lul> 525 Worth Street Italian Loaves of Bread 560 606 Tenement-House on Cherry Street 525 Two Little Immigrants 560 Overworked*— Little Plowor-makoi 0117 In the Italian Colony, where old women arc useful . 527 Cab stand at lloboketi I'erry, Christopher Street . . 600 "The little girl is happy all drawing her doll about A Short Rest 527 day Fighth Avenue; Avenue A ; Kirs! V venue; in a two-wheeled cart 560 Second Ave- A Group in Little Italy 528 nuo "At night on the side streets they can safely play ring oil Madison Avenue along Mi. Morris Pork on a Wol Night 018 TIIE EAST SIDE—HISTORY OF NEW YORK'S rosy " 501 Thud Avenue; Fourth Avenue; GHETTO. " " Sixth Avenue; Madi- He heard of a place where boys can play . . . 561 son Avenue 015 A Russian Exile 530 " Quickly the end of the pier is filled with little fellowt" 562 Eleventh Avenue . 017 Types of Peddlers 531 " If he is a newsboy or if he works in a shop, he learns to Thfl'Hudson Biver and Biveiside Park 018 ' .... Arrived . Newly Immigrants in Battery Park . . 533 pitch pennies and shoot crap' " .... 563 Riverside Vveiuie north from Mount . . . " " Tom 618 Ho is often seen in the r61o of Little Father . . 508 THE EAST SIDE—NEW YORK'S CHINATOWN. Riversldo Drivo looking toward Grant's Tomb . . . 010 " Music in any form never fails to attract tho children of An Opium Bunk 535 RIvorsIdo M. Drivo on Gronl >lal Day, April 87, 1807 , 010 the tenements" 564 Interior of the Chinese Rescue Mission, on Doyers Street 536 Riverside Pork along the Hudion River .... 620 Getting More than his Share DOS Chinese Children in the Rescue Mission .... 536 Riverside Drive and Grant's Tomb, overlooking the llud- Passing the Health Offlocr on the Pier .... 566 Chinatown on Sunday—Doyers Si reel .... 537 (ion Biver 621 A Free Seashore Excursion 067 A Group of Chinese Boys in the Five Points House of In- Colonel George K. Waring 022 dustry 538 THE east SIDE— UNIVERSITY AND COL- Tho Wanamakcr Store 023 Street 53!) Chinatown on Sunday— Bell LEGE SETTLEMENTS AND other RE- Christmas Shopping on Fourteenth 8troet . . . 624 Department Store of Stern Brothers 026 Shrine in the Chinese Joss House on Mott Street . . 540 LIEF WORK. A Crowd on Sixth Avenue on the hay of the opening of SIDE-TIIE SWEA T-SIloP. On an Outing given by the Children's Aid Soi iety . 560 THE EAST great Department Store 627 Depositors of the Penny Provident Bank on Jeffoiion a Headpiece 541 Dire Perplexity—Settling with Ihu . . . 620 Street 571 A Cobby Interior of an Improved Sweat-shop in a Well-lighted Chounccy M. Depew; P. F. Collier; Charles Broadway At the Drinking Fountain in Mulberry Bend Park . . 578 Loft . . .543 Rouse; Hetty II. R. Green 631 ; Cared For 574 Sweat-shop Deserted The Usual Method of Clothes Drying in the Mansion, 1861 082 A Recreation Pier 574 Havemoyor Districts 544 Museum >.f Natural History 634 *>7"i The Singing Lesson ( Five Points House of Industry) Children of Sweat-shop Workers posing for the Photog- One of the Old Shanties which arc -.till numerous on the (Five Points House of Industry) 070 545 A Lesson in Calisthenics rapher on the Fire Escapes Upper West Side 088 A Helping Hand (Five Points House of Industry) . . 570 TIIE EAST SIDE—HESTER STREET MARKET. W.st (in,. Hundred and Twenty-eighth Street . . . 030 In Lieu of a Refrigerator the Fire-escape is used for the THE STREETS of MANHATTAN. A Beautiful Residence District on Washington Heights . 087 Day's Marketing 546 View of the Lower End of Manhattan bland from tho The Harlem Biver at the Time of the Opening of tho Canal 630 . 570 Ship Fish and Vegetable Carts—A Close Calculation . 547 East River 578, XIII METROPOLIS. LIST OF I U.I'STK ATIONS IN THE NEW

DOUBLK-PACJK PICTURES OX (,'UARDS.

BETWEEN PAGES I.I-TWI'I N I'AOIA HETWEEN PAGES •»:.'-">:{ Square 480-487 of and tho White Squadron . Madison Sky Lines of Lower End of Manhattan Island, 181)1-08 . 4-5 View New York Bay lifter Street Market on Friday 548-549 Parade of tlx- Coaching Club . . . 224-225 Sunday Morning Bathing Suone on the Beaoh at C ij Annual .... ^ 48-40 80-88 First of the Series of International Yacht Races be- Mqmingsjde (Cathedral) Heights, the Hudson River, [g] aiJ (| 340-347 and New Jersey Palisades 636-037 ater Day, August First twoon Dofonder and Valkyrie III ...... Sail -W Union Square 480-481

FULL-PAGE PICTURES IN COLORS.

FACING PAGE FACING PAGE FACING PAGE

Colonial Days m New York wi In the Harbor at Night 76 Broadway looking North from Thirty-fourth Street . 492

. Cosmopolitan East Side Group \ i, u of Manhattan Island al Nighl from a Jorspy City Grant's Tomb on the Banks of the Hudson . .100 A 532 Ferryboat 10 A Fire on Fifth Avenue. — Burning of the Hanover Dancing on the Street 508 Sunset over Brooklyn Bridge 30 Apartment Hotel 134

LIST OF M AI'S IN TI1K N K\Y METROPOLIS. ( FOLLOWING PAGE 639.)

The Mopi In TUO Now Metropolis were engrnveil by Uormuy and Co.

Map of Manhattan Rorough in fifteen sections (in colors). Map of Upper and Lower Bays (in colors). Map of Greater New York.

ILLUSTRATIONS FACING MAPS OF MANHATTAN BOROUGH.

ii.N I Ai IMI Ml. r FAC1NO SECTION FACINO SECTION The fountain in Union Square x Statue of Columbus in Central Park xii Mt. Morris Park xiv

Statue of Admiral Farrogut x The Fountain at the Terrace, Control Park . . . xiii The Harlem River at the foot of University Heights,

Sun-Parlor Restaurant in the Waldorf-Astoria . . xi The Lake at Sevonty-second Street, Central Park . . xiii Bronx Borough xv On the Platforms of the Elevated Railroad Stations at Statue, Daniol Webster, Central Park .... xiii The Harlem River Driveway (Speedway) and High Bridge xv Fourteenth Street xi Thirteen The Troos planted by Alexander Hamilton . xiv Skating on Van Cortlandt Lake, Bronx Borough . . xv

xiv A-II AT-TA IN V BAB L600. THE ISLAND OF MAX THE XV \IW STORE WAS \IW AMSTERDAM, L679. COLONIAL DAYS IN NKW YORK. CORNER LIBBBTI AND WILLIAM STKKET8.

.MNCTloN OF BROADWAY AND THE BOW EH Y, is:ii. (Chatham S^iakki

OLD CoRTKLYOr llOCSK, ON L()N(J ISLAND, A RELIC OK 177(.. VIEW oK THE BOWLINCi GREEN, L830, SHOWING BROADWAY STAGE. x viii I i-k .y;J II I 0 J" X liil <

INSTITUTE V.KW BOWEH* SH EAST FOURTEENTH STREET, 1860, SHOWING WASHINGTON OF^ ™£ dayh, wiiimn 0^™^^|u^wir. dww 1 ALMY AND OLD CITY RESERVOIR. (Vicinity ok thk A. adkmy «.k Misic.) ^

lilRTII OF THE > :\\ METROPOLIS.

J ONSOLIDATION of the cities fought for it, successive legislatures resisting him, Attracting mora and more of New York and Brooklyn was citizens to his standard, he at last won. first suggested in L838. There The first practical step was taken on May L890, when a bill passed both was no thought then of com- houses of the State Legislature, was indorsed h\ the and Governor. It Created I) bining in a single municipality commission to make plans and pave the way. Seven years of legislative wran the " wide territory that gling and popular agitation for and against the scheme followed. < Greater New since January L, Jfork" became a slogan of the hour. The question was linally settled b\ n 181)8, has consti popular vote, and an act joining these cities and adjacent territory, establishing tntfd the (ireater new machinery and accepting a new city charter for the whole, at last passed New York. the Senate and Assembly of the State, and was signed bs Qovernor Levi B.

Surely Midi :i Morton.

plan wiild have This important act in the drama of New York happening practically at the seemed vainglorious in the commencement of a new one hundred years, the metropolis of the Western -< thirties, for Street Fourteenth World, stronger and more progressive than ever, IB launched on a new cycle of

- was well out of town aa regards New its history.

York, Brooklyn was merely a village, and After the popular vote which settled that consolidation should come to DOBS all else of the land within the present city had been taken, a ( 'oiumission was created to del ISO Q eharler. The act creating boundaries was but thinly settled this country- Commission named as members, Andrew II. Green, State Engineer ( lamp

side. vision of the future < No greatness the little eity was bell W. Adams, A t tornry initial Theodore K. Hancock, MayOr William L. destined to achieve on Manhattan Island Hashed across the Si rung, ..f New York, Mayor Frederick W. Wurstor, of Brooklyn, and Mayor minds of the men of that hour, and a union with the little Patrick Jerome Gleason, of Long Island Oity. The Commission was completed village across the river seeming the best means of augment- by the appointment i>\ ({overnor Morton of Seth Low, Benjamin F. Tracy, John

ing growth and power, upon the records of the aldermen V. Dillon, Thomas F. Gilroy, Stewart L. Woodford, Silas 15. Dutcher, William in ( New York a report distinctly favoring such a union '. De Witt, George M. I'inney, .Jr., and Harrison S Mo.. re. The ad provided was spread. that the Commissioners should submit bills to the Legislature for the establish-

The proposition met the fate of many a subsequent proposition of the ment of the new municipal government by February L, l^'.'T, and that the same sort, however. It died, and was all but forgotten. Brooklyn became a Commission should cease to exist by March 1st following that date. city herself, and the years crept on. In 1N5»>, in 18.">1, in 1S">»; further attempts The of Greater London is 688 square miles, that oft {renter New York at consolidation were made. Each failed, but each movement fared a little 860. Precisely what is meant by the term "Greater New York" is shown in better than those that immediately preceded it. In lS5(i our politician of New the first section of the act of consolidation: "All municipal corporations and York State proposed that the East River should be tilled up, and New Fori* (•arts of municipal corporations, other than counties, within the following terri- and Brooklyn be made geographically one. He was not even laughed at, and tory, t<> wit, the county of Kings, the county of Richmond, the city of Long the scheme was seriously discussed by scientific men. Island City, the tow ns of Newtown, Flushing, and Jamaica, and that part of the

Not until 1868, however, did the movement of consolidation take definite town of Hempstead, in the county of Queens, which is westerly of a straight form. Then a man who had the idea firmly fixed in his mind, and was pre- line drawn from the southeasterly point of the town of Flushing, through the pared to make it the crowning act of his life, came forward—Andrew II. < rrcen. middle of the channel between Rockawaj Beach and Shelter Island, in the He had just completed his task of founding Central Bark, a pleasure ground county of (Jucciis, to the Atlantic Ocean, are hereby consolidated with the made from rocks and swamps, and on the question of consolidation he would municipal corporation known an the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty of the not be downed. Thirty years, in season and out of season, day and night, he city of New York."

1 l BROOKLYN BRIlNiF, CON N FCTI N(i \'K\\ YORK AND BROOKLYN—AN IMPORTANT STKP IN TIIK FORMATION OF THE NEW METROPOLIS.

SKY-LINE OF THE LOWER END OF MANHATTAN ISLAND FROM THE NORTH RIVER IN 1898.

/ 1

THE NT.W METROPOLIS.

The five boroughs created hy the charter, and which form new the city, county of Richmond. Sore is South Beach, and the fines! cricket grounds show a total population of 3,388,884. Of this, Manhattan has 1,884,486; about New York. the Brooklyn, 1,180,000 ; Bronx, L35,116; Queens, 125,201; and Richmond, The charter of tlie Greater New York follows in the main the lines of the 64,081. The Borough of Manhattan has more population to the square inch old charters of New fork and Brooklyn, although under it (he system of gov- than any other place in the world. The foreign is population about two thirds ernment is much more elaborate and complicated. The chief change and addi of the whole. Of immigrants and the children of immigrants there are 890,000 tion is in regard to the borough ByStflm, which is a distinct municipal QOVelty, Germans, Irish, 851,000 170,000 English, 103,000 Russians, Italians, is 101,000 The Mayor and the< lorporation the official title of the cit\ . in the mayor, 50,000 Scotch, and 23,000 Canadians. Each day the population of New York his heads of departments, and the borough presidents are lodged the functions increases by 315, exceeding the daily rate of which is London, 285. The of administration. Replacing the old boards of aldermen of the cities is the municipal employees exceed in number the soldiers of the regular army of Municipal /Assembly, composed "i two houses tin- < 'ounoil, consisting <>i twenty the United States. The municipal area embraces .some twenty urban or vil- nine members elected for four years each, and the Board of Aldermen, of sixty lage communities. members, eleoted for two years. The Municipal Assembly has extended powers As regards government, that adopted for the new is in New York unique ami wide legislative jurisdiction OVOT the usual municipal BUbjOOtfl. It can UOt the history of municipalities, and its details are interest. of much It differs grant franchises, however, without the concurrent action of the Hoard of Esti- greatly from the .system.- other under which American cities are working, and mate and Apportionment No franchise, in any event, can be granted for a from the systems London, Paris, employed by Berlin, and Vienna. The old longer period than twenty-live years. W hen it comes I" the issuing of bonds and local localities boundaries and arc preserved, in n measure, and are given the the creating of loans the prior approval of the Board of Estimate is required. titles of boroughs. These facts will give a concise idea of the governmental With the exception of the comptroller, the city's financial plan. officer, the mayor appoints all his heads of departments. ll«

The five boroughs, with their locations and boundaries, arc a* follows: The himself receives $15,000 a year, [s elected for four years, Borough of Manhattan, comprising the old oitj of New Fork OH Manhattan and can not be his own successor. He has the general

Island, ( iovernor's, Bedloc's, Ellis, Blackwell's, Ward's, and tin' Oyster Islands. duties of a mayor, ami no others. The borough presi-

These, situated in the harbor and river, are occupied variously by Federal, State, dents, elected by their own localities, hold office for and municipal institutions. Still, topographically, they are all included within four years, and are practically the mayors in minia- the Manhattan borough. ture of their territories. Much sciatic district of

The Borough of Brooklyn, consisting of the old city of Brooklyn a- it was each borough has its local board, composed of resi- in lSl»7, just before consolidation. This territory includes all of King- I OUIlty, the members of the Municipal Assembly taking in the many county towns annexed t.> Brooklyn in recent years. Among dent within it, and the bOTOUgh presidents are these were Bay Ridge, on New York Bay, Gravesend, Flatlands, and Flatbush; the presiding otlicers of these. The local and Coney Island as well comes within these bounds. boards have the task of looking out for the

The Borough of the Bronx, comprising all that portion of (neater New individual needs of each locality. York north of the Harlem River and Spuyten Duyvil Creek. Its northern The comptroller receives $10,000 a year, boundaries are the small cities of Yonkers and Mount Vernon. Within it arc and manages the eity^ funds, issuing bonds included the great new parks of New York, and here are the botanical and when he deems it advisable, and paying the zoological gardens. municipal bills. The actual money is handled by The Borough Of Queens, including Long Maud City and all that portion of the chamberlain, who gets S|-J,oimi. There arc sub- Long Island north and east of Brooklyn, from the Sound to the ocean. Its east- departments for auditing and the collection of taxes. Koiir.itT A. Van W vi k erly line runs through the village of Hempstead, and the old county seat of The chief departments of the < tavernmenl besides are those of Law the counsel), Police 'a board of four Jamaica is now in the borough. That part of Queen's County nol annexed has (managed bj corporation I'ublic highways, street- become the county of Nassau. Flushing and Rockaway Beach and the tux- commissioners), the Board of Improvements (water, public buildings, lighting and bridges— president hunting course of Cedarhurst are in Queens borough. elcaning, Bewers, supplies, a six Barks, Charities (each three commie- The Borough of Richmond, comprising Staten [sland and its waters, the and commissioners), Buildings, Public BIRTH OF THE NEW METROPOLIS.

histories of the future. Now they must be sought for in files of newspapers. Each of the four parties spared no effort to rally converts to its standard, and never before in the history of local political campaigns have the minds of voters, so undecided how to vote were great numbers of them, afforded so fertile a field for political influence. Up to the very eve of election day the issue was in- volved in doubt. Low and George .seemed to have enormous masses of citizens behind them. And then came the most dramatic event in American politics. But a few hours (three days really) before the polls were opened Henry George died. The exhausting work of campaigning struck him down, and a nation as well a- a city stood amazed, shocked. The most hardened politicians gasped, as the man of the people lay in a room of a New York hotel, his campaigning forever done.

is 1 1 managers named his son, of the same name, in his stead. But the magic of the name had lied with George's spirit. What vote be might have had can never be told. His son got but a handful of the total. Setb Low and Benjamin F. Tracy each made a valiant run; but Tammany's candidate, Robert doners), Correction (a single commissioner), Fire (a commissioner and a chief), A. Van Wyck, was elected (ireater New York's first mayor. Docks and ferries (three commissioners), Taxes and Assessments (a president On a hillside of Greenwood Cemetery there has been erected a granite and four commissioners), Education (n president and a general board), and monument to Henry George. Popular subscription built this great block to the Health (three commissioners, the president of the of c Hoard Police, and the dead nomiet. On the front, on a granite pillar, is a bust of George. The Health Officer of the Port). back has, in a wreath of granite, a tablet containing a quotation from Progress The total assessed valuation of real estate in Greater New York in 1X«*S and Poverty. The monument is the work of the economist's son, Richard u.i- $2,464,7<;:5,1!»2. The net funded debt of the eitv for the same year was George, the sculptor. si'l'7,4:.:;,.V".i.

These facts relate briefly the general construction of the new municipal go\ - ernment of York. New The new eitv came into being on the first day of January, after 1898, a heated election in November, |k:>7. William L. Strong wa> the outgoing mayor of old NTew York, a merchant, who had been elected on a fusi-.n platform. Ib- was „..t renominated, and local political parties split until there were lour candidates in the field.

From early duly t.. election day a mayoralty campaign was waged that will always be noted in the annals of American polities. Tammany Hall nomi- nated for the regular Democracy a judge of the City Court, Robert A. Van Wyck. The Republican organization had opposed to him General Uenjamin F. Tracy, ex-Secretary of the Navy, a Cabinet officer under President Harrison. I'he Citizens' [! n i„n, a new party, set up as a third candidate the President of Columbia University, Seth Low. And yet farther to complicate the contest, Henry George, of lame as a political economist of the people, was named by the " Georgeites," another new band.

Vigor Characterized this first municipal campaign of New York the Greater on every side. The details can not be given here; they will be- recorded in the 4 2n Ulcmors of gents ©cotje.

BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN.

Tea-Water stood nil New York was to he found. The famous Pump lyatery nt all and little of tradition hangs over water in just after the Revolution. nc first settlement of the long and narrow island here from the Collect Pond was a swamp of wide area. About the thai in former days constituted all of New 5Tork Some rods the island, from the Battery to the island's northern end, ran a ridge, City and IB now the Greater New York's Borough middle of Boulevard follow this ridge precisely to-day. Beyond of Manhattan. Clean cut, detailed, substantiated and Br-.adway and the river river, there were gently sloping meadows and pri- historical facta tell (lie story from the very first , from to about Fourteenth Street rocky districts hegan, reaching their moment The first per* mage \ew York's Borough meval forests. At the side, up about One Hundred and Fourth Street and of Manhattan has to recall Is Hendrik Hudson, greatest height on west Washington Heights. Innumerable brooks, who in L609, in his galliot tho Half Moon, what is now Morningside and dotted the island. Steep hills and deep sailed up the bay and thence into what is now water courses, and ponds lined and rolling country, with tine the Hudson River. A Btern, fearless, roving valleys were frequent, It was emphatically a pasture

adventurer was he, lit tor the task a Dutch laud here and there and an occasional smooth stretch. Much of the upper east trading company had given him—that of dis- side was boggy, the upper west side rocky. So pronounced were these geo- covering a northwest passage to the Pacific. graphical characteristics, that when late in the eighteen-seventies the city began

He failed in this task, of course, hut he brought to push far up tow n the upper west side could only be built upon after a pre- hack news of far greater value to the trading liminary expense of million- in leveling and blasting. Hutch nation Of that time, that there was a certain land This was the land that the Dutch took possession of formally in 1010. The

it would pay to colonize and set up business relations with. lower end of the island is situated at the continence of the North or Hudson and

Nor were the merchants of Holland Blow al taking bis advice. East rivers, which bound it on the east and west sides ; but it is only separated Thus was that strip of land, thirteen and a half miles long and of from the mainland on the north by Spuvten Dnvvil Creek and the Harlem* varying widths -three miles at its widest that now constitutes New York's River, two connecting but comparatively unimportant streams. The length of

Borough of Manhattan, lirst settled. Hudson, as a matter of fact, was not its the island on the west side is thirteen and a half miles, and on the east side

discoverer, though this credit is generally given him. Traders had actually about eight and a half miles. Its average breadth is one and three fifths miles,

set foot On the island of Manhattan some years previously, though they had the w idest point being from Seventeenth to Fourteenth Streets, where it has a

never located there permanently. Hudson, however, made it a settlement, a breadth of nearly three miles, from whence it varies and narrows to half a trading post, that grew into a village, a city, and finally a metropolis. mile at Bowling (ireen. At about One Hundred and Fourth Street the eleva- " What Hudson found is of interest. A smiling land," up bill and down tion is such that the surface of the land is higher than the top of Trinity Church dale, a narrow island of the most diversified scenery and great natural heauty. steeple on lower Broadway. Hardly the faintest hint of what the island of Manna -hflttoes was can he found The early settlers had frequent troubles with their Indian neighbors until in the regularly arranged heaps of hrick and stone that mark the Borough of BUT, when a treaty of peace was patched up with the Iroquois. Up to this Manhattan of IN!»S and BH»0. Nevertheless, for years after the day of its dis- period New Amsterdam—for so the little settlement, was called —had been of covery retained its pristine Manhattan [eland heauty. In the regions at its small importance. But the strength of England increased in the New World, tip end, where the waters of the rivers meet those of the upper bay, it was low- and the thrifty Dutch began to look to their pocketbooks. Many families were lying, below what is now Fulton Street much narrower than now, for there is sent out from Holland, and in 1626 the first of the Dutch governors came. considerable made land along its outer three 1. locks edges to-day, full in places There were four of these governors, all men of parts and .shrewdness. With along the Fast River near the Batten. West of Broadway where Canal Street Peter MKnuit the line began. Wouter Van Twiller followed him. Wilhelmus is there were meadow- Hooded the by Hudson's tide, known as late as the early K'ieft came third in order, and the fourth was Peter Stuyvesant of the wooden days of this century as Lispenard's Meadows. Where the Tombs prison is leg, whose bones now rest in the soil of St. Mark's churchyard on Second now was a pond—the Collect Pond—and near this, at a later date, the finest Avenue. There was little of incident in the rule of the Dutch for these years. 6 SUNSET OVEB BROOKLYN BRIDGE. shoWINi; OLD HOUSES ON MANHATTAN ISLAND, NESTLING UNDEB THE BEIDOB.

THE NF.W METROPOLIS.

The island of Manna-hattoes was purchased from the Indians for sixty guilders When the first ship with a OOTgO of the hated -lamps arrived there was intense ($24), paid in sundry trinkets. The little town waxed mighty for its day and excitement. Finally, under threats of mob violence, the stamps were surrendered generation^ Sturdy burghers were there, well-formed and hard-working s rouws, to the municipal authorities. Then followed the stirring evonts of the Revo maids and blooming hard-headed youths. They built a stockade of wood across lution, when loyalist and patriot fought even so closely to the town ah Wash* the island at what is now Wall Street, and canal is a \ 1 dug where now Canal ington Heights, at One Hundred ami Fift lilt 1 Street, and the Federal army Street, both for protection from the belligerent Indiana who infested the held White Plains. New York remained in British hands until almost the last island's parts. s upper gun. It was on November 25, I7 .">, that the armies of the king finallj lefl the

Under Stuyvesant the settlement grew. French, Knglish, Huguenots, and cit \ they had held so long, and on the same day Washington marched in.

Germans came over and engaged in trade. The man of the wooden leg, a sol .lames Duanc, an old colonial New ^ orker, was the city's first mayor under

( dier in every sense of the word, held the Indians in cheek. The town took on American rule. He had served w ith distinct ion as a meinher of I he 'out inen every appearance of life, though it was very simple in its tastes. Nevertheless

it had a mixed population of burghers, shopkeepers, farmers, soldiery, runaway

slaves from the Virginia plantations, and dare-devil adventurers. Alio! tllOSG Stuyvesant kept in order, grimly, superbly. The day of Holland on the island of Manhattan was short-lived, despite the

skill of the last of the Dutch governors. England had her eye on tin- fruitful province. Stuyvesant foresaw the danger, hut his home Government would not send him aid. On a September afternoon of the year 1664 several British frig- ates under command of Colonel Richard Nicolls sailed up the hay, and with the aid of certain insurgents seized New Amsterdam before the Dutch had time to strike a blow. The city then became New York, in honor of the Duke of York (later James II), under whose direction the Nicolls expedition was tilted out. Nicolls became the first English governor. He was, while not experi- enced in statecraft, a man who managed to conciliate the various conflicting elements, ami the tenor of events ran fairly well on Manhattan [gland for thir- teen years, when in 1073 the city was once more captured by the Dutch. Thej

it this for only a short fifteen months. w II. nam L, STRONG, held time .1 \MKs DUANE YoltK. which I , i M OF OLD NSW i 1Y0B In 1CT4 Sir Edmund Andros was appointed governor of the colony, Fiust M \\ nit <>i OLD N W ^ ORB population of three thousand. His rule becoming unpopular w ith then had a as mayor Congress, and was a man of property and position. He continued James replaced him with Lieutenant-Governor Brockholst, tal the people, King Wall ami Nassau Streets, until The City Hall was th. mi at the comer Ol system of self-government w as inaugurated, with L789. Matters did not improve, and a iv<-si where the Suh Treasury now stands. Here Washington was inaugurated governor. In this era came the rebellion led by Jacob Thomas Dongan as capital. From *. • national « the 17*") to 1 7 » New York was son-in-law, his chief lieutenant, dentin 17*!). From Leisler, which resulted in both Leisler ami his as well. 17M to I7'.»7 it was the State capital The government was at once reorganized on an aristocratic being hanged. from Europe set in on a vast only At the close of the War of L812 immigration continued until the Revolution, the right of suffrage being basis, which State constitution the history of scale, and with the adoption of a more radical a property qualification. granted to those who possessed of the city he said to have come to an end and that modem of Leisler movement the history Old New York may For seventy-five years after the collapse the hundred and the population had increased to one continued to gain in prosperity to have begun, in L820 of New York ran along evenly, and the city a great thousand. In L826 the opening of the Erie Canal gave and in 17."." this had twenty live In 1710 its population was six thousand, and importance. its WBI more than to the cit^fl development, and by I860 population of the Revolution it had twenty impetus increased to twelve thousand. By the beginning eight hundred thousand. thousand inhabitants. the city into of the civil war an cfTort was made to force New York was in a ferment. At the outbreak When the Stamp Act was passed, in 1705, 7 BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN

on each year. Where Hudson and Stuyvesant and open rebellion. Mayor Fernando Wood proposed that New York should secede plumbers keep unceasingly last century saw landscapes, there are now only and become a free city, and the city council received the proposition with enthu- even men and women of the time goes on even the old buildings are M,i-m. Hut w hen Sumter was fired upon the whole current, of opinion changed, the canons of the city's streets. As being destroyed, and the city die and one has patched regiment to hunt in out-of- after regiment to the-way the defense of the localities Union. for an old Dutch Since the close house, or even a structure of the war the that has ciunniereial prog reached the age of

ress of the city a hundred years. has made marvel- It is a city of the oiis changes on new that the Bor- Manhattan [eland, ough of Manhattan

I n .stead of the spreads out to-day, beautiful natural a region that at scenery the island some points is once was wont to worth more the boast, New York square foot than ers now point with any other place on equal enthusiasm earth. to the long vista From the ( Jity of streets lined Hall to the Bat-

with the mighty tery it is now a structures of en - mass of towering gineering skill structures, grown which mark the up in the air these former 6ites of past few years, the w Hand and pas- buildings of the ture. finest class dwarf- ( >f the diversi- ing even Trinity fied and beautiful Church's spire. natural scenery There the bank- which was ob- ing interests fore- Berved by Hudson A MINIATURE CONEY ISLAND ON WASHINGTON HEIGHTS. gather, the ship- and his men hardly ping people, the a votive remains. Valleys have been tilled in, bills leveled, water courses and great foreign merchants, the commerce of coffee, tea, sugar, iron, machinery, brooks buried. In ( 'entral. Ki verM.le, Morning-side, and Mount Morris Parks, paints, drugs, and a thousand more articles. "West of the City Hall Park are and up on the extreme end of the island at Inwood (old Tubby \ Hook), Nature the china and glass men, the willow-ware traders, the fruit merchants. East ha> been allowed to have her way, but nowhere else. Even a vacant lot is of the Park are the newspapers, and beyond them the leather trade, on the becoming a rare sight on the island, and the builders, masons, carpenters, and site of a marshy waste still called "the Swamp." Northward of this begins THE M-:w STROPOLIS.

the huge "East Side," "Chinatown," the "Ghetto," and the hordes of foreign- Bide, above and below Seventh Street, on what whs once a BWOUTO. Yorkvillfl ers who work at their trades where they live, dp Broadway ib the wholesale at about was Bast Eightieth Street and Third Asenue. The Boston post stages dry-goods interest, and that of flowers and feathers. To the westward are stopped there to water. Manhattanville was in the valley at West One Hun raanufactoriesj and along the river front the grocery trade. dred ami Twenty- At Fourteenth Street the of ( character the city changes. Now begins tin- fifth Street, and 'ar residence district and the region of regular streets, cast and wot, north ami mansville on the south. Business is steadily invading all this territory, from Fourteenth Stivrt heights at West < luc to Forty-second Street. few A conservative families, indifferent t«. the inroads Hundred and Fiftg of trade of and the demands fashion, still live where they did a quarter of a cen- tilth Street. ago, hut these are very tury few. In this belt are the finest shops of tin- present Norn- of these day, of the and most theaters. Everything centers within a short distance of old-time villages Broadway. Far east and west of here it is bei ling shabbier each year. were annexed. The Fashion has its stronghold, at the end of the century, in New York along city .-imply built Fifth Avenue, and within a block of it in the side streets from Thirty-fourth itself up and around Street up. Here are the palaces of many famous on account of their wealth. and finally absorbed

The upper west side, including Riverside Drive, can boast also of residences of them. The only vil-

much elegance. From Thirty-fourth Street to One Hundred and Twenty-fifth lage of tin- time thai

Street are the costly apartment houses, in which rents are from one thousand has kept its identity to eight thousand dollars for a single apartment. In this section are also the i> Qarlem, and this cheaper apartments and flats and small houses where the middle classes live. region above One

These latter extend their residences throughout Harlem and across the river 1 1 andred and Tenth into the Borough of the Bronx. Street, although

On the hill on the west side above One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street metropolitan now. \- and along the bank of the Hudson is what is rapidly coming to be the most never likely to lose

picturesque and beautiful region of homes on Manhattan Island -Washington its characteristics as Heights. There is one curious spot in this section — a miniature ( 'oncy Island a suburb.

has sprung up along Amsterdam Avenue by High Bridge and Fort < leorge. < hi The first presi- Sundays and holidays the cosmopolitan inhabitants of the lower east side swarm dent of the borough to this district. They are mostly the poorest of the mechanic class, to whom WEB Augustus \v.

is Peters, who as a even a trip to Coney Island, cheap though the fare, a luxury. iUQUSTUS w PETERS, FIRST PRESIDENT 01 THE An interesting feature as regards the progress and the growth of Manhattan member of tin- ( Md BOROUGH. has been the wiping out, in the memories of all but a few, of the many little ( luard was active in villages that dotted the island. Of these the most important were (ircenwidi, recruiting volunteers at the time of tin- Spanish American war. The borough's Chelsea, Dry Dock, Yorkville, Manhattanville, and Carmansville. Greenwich population in the last thirty-seven yean has more than doubled. According to

|.s»io it K|:i,<;t;!»; '.t I Isso, I.HJ4, village extended west of Sixth Avenue, from Bleecker to Seventeenth or the Federal cciimis, in was in 1*70, ; in Eighteenth Streets, in the early days of the century, and was widely known '•,7:;; and in ISUO, l,44<>,8lo\ The Board of Health'- estimate tot l^'.'T was s Thereto all the business offices and shops were removed when the cholera I. >s4,:>24. According to figures prepared by Mr. Stevenson Towle, <-oiisult the scourge visited New York in ls-Ji'. It was a charming suburb, and many ing engineer for the Department of Public; Works, the total acreage of was is 2."»,*04, on I. IS!)8, the population per acre 71.7 ; romantic memories linger about it. A few of its old houses remain to-day, but borough and January I."»,SSS; population living in many of the people win) now live within its bounds do not know of tin- name. the population per square mile, tin- I1OU86S, 1,846, s • '.:;7 average resi- of ; the A village of even greater distinction was Chelsea, along -the Ninth Avenue," ; the number inhabited houses, 7.l".»L and number of from Eighteenth Street to Twenty-fifth. Dry Dock village was far to tin- east dents to a house, 21.2. 9 WHERE THE SIXTH AND NINTH AVENUE ELEVATED RAILROAD LINES DIVERGE.

LOOKING SOUTHWEST PROM THE ROOE OE THE \\ OODBREDGE BUILDING, CORNER OF JOHN AND WILLIAM STREETS. COBKBB OF JOHN UTO WTI/LIAM STREETS. WooMUH l>, ; H BCIUHKI. LOOKING NORTH KAST PROM THE ROOK OK THE BOROUGH OF THE BRONX.

of n poinl overlooking the .Jonas P.mnck, or Pr«»n\, however, belongs the distinguished honor being on, on a beautiful ridge be- the first white settler. Bronck came from Holland in his ship, The Fine, of Washington Heights and Troy, and purchased a tract of land corresponding to the territory known as of Bronx is entitled to its 'ood, is a landscape view Morrisariia. from this pioneer the Borough the like which is surpassed by name. It will thus be seen that Westchester County, Manhattan Island, few natural panoramas was originally a Dutch settlement. As its riches developed it fell a prey to in America. On a clear English greed. In l

day there is .spread lie- land sixteen mile- along the Hudson River, north of Spuyten Duyvil, extending

fore the eye at every east to the Bronx River. This tract included what is now the city of Yonkers point of the compass and the entire southwestern part of Westchester County. The east side of the an unobstructed view borough, skirting Long Island Sound and including Pelhani Neck, was settled of nearly twenty by William Hutchinson and his wife Anne. They were of English stock, and miles, and with a came from lioston in lt!i54. Might years later Throgg's Neck was settled by

pair of good field John Throckmorton and thirty-live families who lied from New England to glasses there is brought escape the inhuman persecution of the Puritans. The northern part of the

within the range

it is never to be forgotten. The majestic Hudson may be traced north until, its northern boundary, and it follows an almost direct line east to Long Island

like a silver thread, it disappears between the hills of Orange and Putnam Sound. Bronx contains all the old towns of Westchester, Kingsbridge, East-

Counties. The city of Vonkers, eighteen miles from the Battery, is easily chestcr, and a part of Pclhani. In the territory are also included the villages seen with the naked eve, and points id' interest on the smith can readily be of Mount Saint Vincent, Kiverdale, Kingsbridge, Spuyten Duyvil, Woodlawn located in the more thickly populated district of Manhattan borough. The Heights, Williamsbridge, Pay Chester, Morrisania, Bartow on the Sound, Port noble Palisades and the Highlands of New Jersey "ii the west, and the beau- Morris, Mott Haven, Fordham, and Proiixdale.

tiful and picturesque valley of the Harlem on the east, seem t.» be enhanced Prior to Dutch settlement many tribes of aborigines inhabited the territory in their beauty when viewed from this commanding elevation. To enumer- UOM known as the Bronx, the most important of which was the Weekquaes- ate all the points of interest spread out before the eye of the beholder would geeks. Relics of their settlement are still to be found on the shores of the rivers require too many of the limited pages of this book, and certainly no word and the Sound in shell beds, mounds, and hummocks. Archaeologists have made picture that might be drawn could adequately describe the natural beauty of some important finds of Hint spearheads and arrowheads, stone hatchets, and the landscape. Other prehistoric remains. History regarding their actions in the district treated Before continuing a description of other beautiful scenes and points of inter- upon in this story deals with the treaty made between them and the Dutch in est t.. be found in the Borough of the Bronx, a brief outline <-t the early history lilli' at the home of Jonas I'ronek, near the present terminus of Bronck Avenue, of the territory included in its will borders doubtless be of interest to the at Harlem Kills; their massacre of Vanderdonck's colony in what is now Van reader. When Ilendrik Hudson, in 1609, sailed up the river w hich now bears Cortlandt Park; the celebrated Anne Hutchinson murder near the "split rock" his name, he anchored off a point w hich iii later years t""k the name of Spuyten in Polham Pay Park; and the evacuation of Throgg's Neck by John Throck- Duyvil, which i* the most southwestern point on the Hudson of Westchester morton and his colony. County, which county contains all the territory Known as the IWough of the Bordering on the Hudson River, the geological formation of the Bronx, con- Bronx. Pour years later Adriaen Blok,in the first built Bailing vessel in Amer- sisting principally of limestone and trap bowlders, is very ancient. Two main ica, cruised up the Sound and landed on the eastern coast of the territory. To ridges and one intermediate one parallel to the Jersey Palisades ; while to the 14

B0R01 Oil I THE BRONX.

wreaked their vengeance in horrible butchery of their captives, wept like a

child at the fate of his heroic companions, which he was powerless to avert. On thai date the last vestige of American authority disappeared from the island of Manhattan until the evacuation seven years later by the British. Other in- teresting and important events were Aaron Burr's destruction of the British blockhouse at West Farms; the notable attack of the patriots upon the British

lines by way of Van Cortlandt and Williamsbridge ; the defeat of the Stock-

bridge Indians in Van Cortlandt Park near Woodlawn ; a cavalry encounter

in Van Cortlandt Park at the crossing of Tibbett's Brook near the old mill; and Washington's crossing of Kingsbridge to take possession of New York City

after its evacuation by the British. The old families of Bronx have been prominent in New York's social and political history from the early colonial days. Morrisania takes its name from liichard Morris, who came from Barbadoes and was a captain under Oromwell. Other famous families inseparably connected with the history of the Bronx are the Van Cortlandts, Philipses, Pells, Delaneeys, Bartows, Ludlows, Rutherfords, Lawrences, and (iouverneurs. In .January, 1*74, Kingsbridge was annexed to the city of New York, form- ing part of the Twenty-fourth Ward. West Farms, which had been set off as a town in 1S4«'», including the villages of West Farms, Fordham, Willian.s- bridge, Tremont, Fairmont, Belmont, Clairmont, Monterey, Mount Eden, Mount BLOCK OK llnl SKS <>N nSK M I'NDRKD AND THIRTY-NINTH STREET Hope, and Woodstock, was annexed the same year. The other major portions of the present borough were annexed at a more recent date, all of them going east of the valley of the Harlem River the surface gradually flattens into sea into the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth wards. In these two wards there meadows and salt marshes along the Sound. arc now one hundred and thirty miles of legally opened streets. The assessed During the Revolutionary War the territory of the Bronx was the theater valuation of the two wards foots up to nearly seventy million dollars. of some hi Iv skirmishes and military movements. The sagacious Washington This great north side of New York City is in shape an irregular parallelo- was quirk to note the natural defenses of this section of the country, and by gram, bounded on three sides by navigable waters, while nearly half of the rallying his ill-equipped troops in the interior he was aide to maintain an un- remaining boundary forms the northerly limit of the great public park area of

broken line of communication between the Now England, the Middle, and the the city. In its topography the average width of the Bronx is more than six Southern colonies. The line of advance for war drips up the Hudson was miles. Jherc are three parallel lines of elevation and three corresponding val- obstructed by Forts "Washington and Lee. At Fort (ieorgc, where the brave leys of depression. All the depressions are suitable for, and are actually in Met Jaw, of Maryland, lost his life in defense of his country, an enterprising use as, channels of commerce in the form of great trunk lines of railway, brewer has established a summer garden and liquid refreshment resort. It was which demonstrate the superior commercial facilities of this entire area. A at Fori Washington, however, where occurred the greatest disaster to American general bj stem of rapid transit is thus made secure, and a thorough system of arms during the war for independence, and definite measures are now being freight transit is established, enabling manufactories to distribute their com- taken the spot to mark with a memorial arch similar in proportions and de- modities and secure raw material without breaking bulk. Not only in land sign to the Arch Titus famous of in Rome. The site of the old fort lies im- transit but in water communication are the facilities unequaled. A water mediately within the private property boundary on the side frontage western of Fort equal in extent to that of Manhattan Island is presented —a total Washington road, about in range with One Hundred and Eighty-third Street, length of shipping front of over fifty miles. There remains to be said, in this and it is here that the proposed memorial arch will be erected. Washington, connection, a word concerning the remarkable commercial advantages which viewing from a distance battle 177, in the British have been developed by the opening of the Harlem River to navigation. The 16

TIM NEW S/tETROPOLIS.

city. lt> chief feature is the I'otter's Field, where are buried annually over two thousand of the un Known and pauper dead of the city. It contains bu1 d single monument, thai of the soldiers buried there.

Besides the ( litj ( lemetery, there are a branch Lunatic Asylum, a branch Woia\ house, and the Hart's Island Hospital.

Situated in the upper part of the Eosl River and in bong Island Sound, both inside and outside of the city boundary, are a innn ber of islands which D08868S features of interest. A mong

these ore scattered 11 num« ber of smaller islands w hich do doI find place on the

map. It ih the former thai we will consider. Berrion's Island, in Bow

cry I lay, is H low Island, and

formerly belonged t«» the Manhattan Athletic Club,

who fitted up a clubhouse, boathouse, stables, cte.

WARD'S ISLAND AND HELL GATE FROM EAST RIVER PARK liiker's Island lies just

north of Bowerj Boy, It 1890 the Government took charge ami received them at the IJarge Office. The was at one time used by the United States for military purposes, but gains its island is reached by a Government steamer from Pier 1, North River. chief distinction locally from being the site of an interesting experimonl in the Under the islands belonging to the city should he included North Ihother disposal of the city's garhage. Bulkheads were constructed ami the material

Island, in the East River, opposite East One Hundred and Thirty-eighth used for filling in. It was complained of a- a nuisance by the people Oi the

Street, and Hart's Island, in the Sound, just within the boundaries of ( ireatcr neighboring towns, and the project was abandoned. However, lately the bulk- New York. North Brother Island is under control of the Health Department. heads have been repaired, and under the direction of the Department of Street Here is situated the Riverside Hospital, devoted to the care and treatment Cleaning the clean ashes of the city are being used for lillin^' purposes, and of contagious diseases, which is a most important ad junct of that department. much valuable land is being reclaimed. This island will be improved by con-

Hart's Island is one of the most interesting of all the islands belonging to the irict labor and used for park purpose 08 ISLANDS IN TIIK WATERS OF N E W FORK.

New Roehelle, from which Pcllmm Bay Park, the it. is readied by boat. It land altuiit the bay of the was a hospital station dur- same name, and several in"- the civil war, and was pretty little islands in very bought by the Government and adjacent to it. Beau for a recruiting 6tation in tifnl City Wand is just 18G9. Several batteries of south of Pelham Bay, and heavy artillery are stationed abort a mile west of Hurt's here, and the post is now a Island. It is a large island regular post, having a fine occupied mostly by boat band, and is under com- builders and oystermen. mand of a colonel. A The Pelham Hay islands landmark on the southern and City Island are all end by which the island reached l»y roadways from may be recognized is a Bartow Station on the brick building with a tall New York, New Haven tower. and Hai l lord Railroad, Glen Island is near New Harlem Branch. Roehelle, and lies just out- Hunter Island is the side of the city limit. It northernmost of the islands is a pleasant and popular belonging to Bronx I'or- excursion resort during the ough, and forms a part of summer time. There is a -seat Pelham Bay Park. 10 A ST KIVKIi AND 10 k lOK'S ISLAND IN INfiO. (Kohmkr country OP JOSHUA Waddinqton.) pavilion, also fine boating David's Island is an bathing privileges, and a large private menagerie. It is reached by boat important military station, and the site of Fori Sloeum, one of the defenses of and the foot of Cortlandt Street. the eity. It is situated north of Hart's Island, and about a mile southwest of from

THE HUDSON RIVEB AND ENVIRONMENTS OF THE CITY.

the daily ri^IIK political amalgamation of a score or more of municipal units, rang- third of the length of Long Island, and over into Connecticut as far as hour's by rail, real Greater ~\ ork I ing from two millions down to a few hundred in population, into a commuters range, within an ride the New I single municipality only sot the documentary seal upon the concrete exceeds the metropolitan district of London in area, and already rivals the Brit- facts already existing. Greater New York is a historical growth, not ish metropolis in population. It is the harbor of New York, whither converge the creation of legislative lint. The consolidation act, indeed, falls short of the trunk lines of railroad from even part of the continent to meet the steam- registering the extent of the evolution of the commercial and financial metrop- ships arriving from all the chief ports of North and South America, Europe, olis of the Western world. There lies a broader territory occupied with the Asia, and Africa, that has made this the commercial and financial center of Amer- commercial, transportation, and industrial interests and the suburban homes of ica and has gathered the multitudinous population round its shores. Before the metropolis in the neighboring State of New Jersey than in New Fork Stale. railroads were built, the Erie Canal brought the produce of the interior down post On both sides of the Hudson, and on all the inlets and bays connected with New to this port ; before that Hrst great public highway was constructed, the York harbor, and extending back to the Orange Mountains of New Jersey, a roads from Boston and from Philadelphia were the most frequented in the coun- 66 THE NKW METROPOLIS. try the nearest and best route to ; the western country led down to the Hudson, communication with the great West from the beginning by means of the passing through fertile regions that were the first portions of the interior to be first of our great artificial highways, the Krie Canal. commercially developed and the still ; earlier canoe routes and trails of the fur The banks of the Hudson have been since the Revolution most intimately traders this took same line of least resistance, of widest unobstructed reach. associated with the life of New York. On the beautiful cast shore of the Tap- access to the interior The given by the Hudson River and the Mohawk, the pan Zee, looking across to the Palisades, the wealthy families of New York sheltered water communication with New England and the neighboring shores established their country scats earlier than in any OthOT quarter, This is the of New Jersey, and its region oonsoorated by facility of land communi- the romantic legends of cations with the east and Washington Irving. The the south and from Hud- hanks of the 1 1 udson are, son westward, were the moreover, hallowed by Ins advantages that singled torical memories. W. t out for commercial and Point above was the mosl maritime supremacy this important strategic] posi port, with its practically tion in the country dur- landlocked harbor, having ing the revolutionary two deep entrance chan- si ruggle, as it imanded nels and unlimited berth the Upper Hudson and and wharf room. It is the line of communion situated in a pass between tion between New Mug- the mountains and the laud and tin- Middle sea, for the Catskill range, States. At Stony Point his impassable to traffic, Anthony Wa\ ne and comes down to Jersey Dien made their heroic

City, and therefore the stand in .1 n 1 v, 1 T7'.» ; and at Treason Hill Benedict communication is unob- mold his structed, with the plains A mat ured plot, and valleys of New Eng- and Andm received the papers through which it land on the one side, and was revealed. with the plains of New Wonderful escarp- Jersey and the basin of The ment bank, the Delaware on the on the west <-allcd the Palisades, ex- other; while the Mohawk A VILLA ON THE PALISADES OF THE HUDSON. (Fbom m bkobaviko 01 1880.) tends from Haverstraw Valley, which opens upon down the river for thirty the navigable waters of miles or more. The must picturesque and characteristic portion of thin sheer the Hudson, affords the only good pass through the Alleghany Mountains be- «»f i* of much smaller extent. This in where its front, tween Canada and the Gulf States. wall columned rock stretches in one as the North rising to a height <>f from three hundred t<. live hundred feet, The Hudson is more familiarly known to New Yorkers line, attaining its greatest magnitude in a mighty bastion jutting out River. Its estuary, broadening out above into the Tappan Zee, extends op unbroken mountain gorge of into tin- river opposite Sing Sing. for nearly fifty miies to where the river emerges from the The plaeen along the river bank are reached by the New York Central and the Highlands, and for a hundred miles farther it is a placid tidal stream, navi- Lud- York, brought into Hudson River Railroad Spnyten Duyvil, Riverdale, Mount St. Vincent, gable all kinds of river craft, and, fortunately for New for 67 l .

THE HUDSON KIN I K AND ENTS ()K THE CITY.

)< I its grain elevators, I » its warehouses, coal chutes, abattoirs, low, Fonkers, Glenwood, Hastings, • >"k Ferry, ArdsIey-on-the-Hudson, Ir and has wharves and vington, Tarry town, Scarborough, Sing Sing, Croton Landing, Oseawana, Cru- and steamship docks along the water front of the North River facing the

».-c. : i f • gi'r's, M«. n tri i 1 I'eekskill. uliciv tin- 1 1 ighlands begin, forts two miles «mt whole lower part of New Vork. The Inman, Red Star, Monarch, and Nether-

All these places are populated largely by people doing business in New Vork, lands lines of steamships have their wharves there, and thirteen lines of rail-

and there is a general outflowing and incoming morning and evening respec- road pouring out myriads of passengers that crowd the ferryboats at all hours of tively. During the summer much of tin's travel is done on the Hudson River the day or night, and unload their freight into lighters, elevators, drays, or boats, which stop at the various points along the shore. other kinds of land and water vehicles. Whole trains bound for the East

The Harlem Railroad, the first line built out of New Vork to the sources of are tumbled on to great floats and towed round to Harlem, whence they continue its agricultural supplies, passes through the old Dutch farming country between their journey eastward on the various railroads. the Hudson and the Connecticut line, and the region where patroons and mag- Just ab«»ve Jersey City, where the river bank begins to rise into a bluff,

nates of colonial and later times possessed large estates. Along the line of the is Hoboken, whose Klysian Fields were to New Yorkers of former generations railroad are Williamsbridge, NN'oodlawn, Wakefield, Mount Vernon, l.ron.wille, their nearest, often their only] place of outing and rustic enjoyment. On some Tuckahoe, Ncarsdalc, Plains, seat of and NVhite the county NVestchestcr ; beyond public and private grounds the groves are still standing, but there is little room which arc Kensico, Knionville, Sherman Park, Pleasantvillc, Chappaquu, Mount. left for greenery. The city has over forty thousand inhabitants, living mostly Kisco, Bedford, Katoiiah, Colden's Bridge, Homer's ('cuter, Lake Mahopac, in continuous city blocks of houses. On the river front the North German Purdy's, and Croton Falls, at the lake whence New York derives its water sup- Lloyd, the Hamburg-American, and the White Star steamers have their land- ply. All these places furnish their quota of people who daily travel to and ing dock,. The ridge which extends from here back of Jersey City is known from the metropolis. as Jersey City Heights. Along the shore of the Sound, indented with a constant succession of beau- Across Newark Bay we come to Elizabethport, noted principally for the tiful bays, the New Haven Railroad leads to a succession of suburban settle- Singer Sewing Machine works; then the line old town of Elizabeth, eleven miles ments, where rural elegance and country and water sports enhance the joy of from New York; then Roselle, Crawford, "NVestfield, Fanwood, and on to Plain- living. In this section are Knionport, NVestchestcr, Kast Chester, Woodlawn, field —all largely composed of New Vork business men and their families. Pelham, New Rochelle, West Farms, Larchniont, Mamaroneck, Harrison, Rve, Newark, the busiest place in all New Jersey, with one hundred and sixty thou- Port Chester; and in Fairfield County, Connecticut, Greenwich, Cos Cob, River- sand inhabitants, situated on the west bank of the Passaic River, nine miles west side, and Sound Beach, after which comes the city of Stamford, with sixteen of New Vork, is closely connected in its business interests with the metropolis. thousand inhabitants, thirty-four miles from New York. In these ha\s yachts- Farther up the same river is the city of Passaic, eleven miles northwest of men moor their pleasure craft, often having their homes in the villages along New York, or half an hour by rail, the 6cat of woolen and worsted mills and the shore. Glen Island is a popular resort for an afternoon's outing just out- other manufactures, and the home of many business men of New York, side the entrance of the harbor, opposite the clubhouse of the New York Ath- whose elegant residences extend over the table-land back of the Palisades, from letic Club at New Rochelle. which fine views of the Hudson are obtained; while, traversed by beautiful Of all the environing territory, the most extensive and therefore the most drives in every direction, picturesque scenery exists in the neighborhood, important to the growth of the real New in Fork lies the foreign jurisdiction of notably the (ireat Kalis of the Passaic, ninety feet high, and Dundee Lake, the State of New Jersey, where the most populous ul' the suburban settle- formed by a great dam across the river. This place was known as Acquacka- ments are already planted and are raj. idly expanding and increasing in num- nonk during the Revolution, and, while still a mere hamlet at the beginning of ber. A circle with the City Hall for its center and its circumference passing the nineteenth century, was the headquarters of a considerable trade with the through Peekskill, takes in Asbury Bark, Freehold, Bound Brook, and a part of West India islands. The Erie, Delaware and Lackawanna, and Susquehanna Greenwood Lake in New Jersey. Montclair is or Koselle no farther from Wall railroads give constant communication with New York. Street than Roekaway Kast ; Orange, Passaic, or Hackensaok no farther than Paterson, sixteen miles from New York, on the Passaic River, at the foot of Bronx Park ; Elizabeth, Newark, or Rutherford no farther than Morrisania the Ramapo range, is one of the most important and interesting of the New Jersey City, the capital of Hudson County, New Jersey, j. t|„. terminus of Jersey towns olosely allied with the commercial life of New York. some of the most important railroads from the West and South, such as the Rack of Newark rise, tier on tier, the ridges of the Watchung Mountain, on Erie, Pennsylvania, New Jersey Central, Philadelphia and Reading, and others, whose flanks, where immigrants from Connecticut formed settle- 68 the mountain

MEMORABLE EVENTS US THE EVOLUTION OF THE NEW METROPOLIS.

00 KING backward t<> the condition of I _J New York at the beginning of the nineteenth renting , one can Dot fail to In- impressed by the Btriking contrasts w hieh appear when compared with things as they exist in the great city of to-day. Only two hundred years have paused, and from a beauti- ful island untrodden by the foot of civilized man, the metropolis of the West- ern hemisphere has been

evolved a city which in less than a hundred years has distanced both Tan's and Merlin, and passed Lon- THE ROGER MOKRIS HOUSE (.J I'M EL MANSION don in the WASHINGTON'S race for com- BEADQUARTERS. mercial .supremacy among

1 111 mi. i N I Mm \ OOLIiKOl the great cities of the mala in rout, much of the lighting being done within the bounds of the present world. Prospect Park. 1 ( erta.n events stand out prominently as salient points in the history of New lurk 13y night Washington withdrew his scattered command and at the close of the eighteenth and during ferried it secretly the nineteenth century which across the river to Manhattan Island. The British Have on especial interest in themselves. followed, and, pursuing on the plain north of what is now Central Park Rbvoluwonaei Events of N. w and along the heights to the north Fork City. -The year 1776 saw the and west, on September 16th fought the second •attics ot what is now New York two battle, that of Harlem Heights. City, conflicts thai as events are among the This ridge greatest the metropolis has to cherish of Long Island and the plain in her annals. |{ ot h are tinned with and sadness, tor in the first Washington was Heights of upper New York have beaten back, and the BCOOnd gave him out a temporary victory. been ever since sacred Revolution- | Th^corfieteof the Revolntion ary sites. One of the old forts an known ae the Battleof Long Island "' a 1 t] still stands at the B on Dong Is upper end of f;f M** « witl.i.. the limit. ,.f the pre*,,, !,,, r Central „„,i, of Ml klyn< . Park. t)lH( , |u tirst (vM f T| On Columbia Col- ^ ^ | over ,. .»•.,! area. I, j. lege a tablet lias historically f„„ K .,| „„. ,i,,, been placed com- „ of the , ,„„„,.„ „ A,nenean f r .mlcpemleneo. The memorating the site of the Ooloniata I Battle bnill » f forts fro,,, the Walla- bout to Red Hook, and „tte„,,,.,,l to of Harlem Heights. defend these. The British, oroseing Jtfariws the from Staten Island, stormed them, That portion of the city known as end on August 27th sent the - 78 C PRISON snip JERSEY Riverside Park, and the region im- THE NEW METROPOLIS.

mediately adjacent, is <>f great Revolutionary interest, and many houses still stand in excellent preservation, closely connected with episodes in the colonial struggle. The Apthorpe man- sion stood at the corner of Ninc-

ty-first Street and ( Jolumbue A \ e- nue. The colonial owner, though a loyalist, was not a partisan, and was personally friendly to the American commander. Washington made his head- quarters here while prepar- ing for the evacuation of New Fork, after the battle of Long Island. Here he remained until his retreat- ing column passed, when Till''. STATUE OF GEORGE III <>\ BOWLING GREEN he and his Btaff retired to TEARING DOWN have their places taken, an hour later, by the British generals to death by Sir William Howe on September 21, 177'», ami on the following and their officers. So the two lines day was hanged near the presenl junction of Markel Street and Easf Broadwaj

" I lite rested, the Americans on Harlem His last words were, I only regret that have but one to lone for my (now Washington) Heights, and their country." A statue in('ity Hall Park commemorates his valor. Other Revo opponents on Bloomingdale Heights. lutionary events which

< >n the heights above Manhattanville occurred in New York stands the old Roger Morris House, near wi re the starving of STATUE OF NATHAN HALE the corner of One Hundred and Sixty-first thousands of our sol- still in a diers OH bll6 prison ship IN CITY II A LL PARK Street and St. Nicholas Avenue, very perfect state of preservation. It is Jersey, and the tearing the property of Gen. Ferdinand P. Earle.and the land being required for another down, and converting into lor the pa purpose the house will be removed intact to a contiguous location. The house is bullets of better known as the Jumel Mansion, from the later owner, who was inveigled into triots, the equestrian

"i George 1 1 1. a marriage by Aaron Burr after his trial for high treason. Its more celebrated statue in Howl- mistress, the wife of Col. Roger Morris, was in her maiden days the lovely Mar} which BtOOd ing Green, on .Inly Philipse, the early sweetheart of Washington. It was in this house that Wash 8,

1 77C>, the day on w liidi ington made his headquarters for several weeks in the gloomy days of ITT'!, the Declaration of [n- after he had left the Apthorpe house, previously mentioned. It was from this dependence was pub- house that Captain Nathan Hale started on his expedition a gpy int.. the licly proclaimed and British lines disguised as a Tory schoolmaster; he obtained the desired informa- OF THE FIRST PRESIDENTIAL LE\ BE read to fche tTOOpS. tion, but when about to return was seized and recognized. He was sentenced CHERRY STREET, 79 OF NEW METROPOLIS. MEMORABLE l \ l \ rS IN THE E THE

br-.ught from the court room and burned, among the cheers of thousands of the principal inhabitants of the city who were assembled there. In 1775, when New York was the capital of the nation, this building was tendered to Congress, and prominent citizens donated a large sum to have it remodeled. It was on the balcony of this building that (ieorge Washington was proclaimed the first Presi-

dent oi* the United States, on April 30, 1785. In 1803 the corner stone of the present City Hall was laid by Edward Liv- until 1812 that the building was completed, at a cost ingston ; but it was not of about half a million dollars, exclusive of furnishings. The building, which was then on the outskirts of the city, was constructed of white marble brought from Stockbridge, Mass. The architecture is of the Italian style, combining both the Ionic and Corinthian. The figure of Jus- tice which surmounts the cupola was modeled by John Dixey, New York's

first sculptor.

The < it v Hall Park which surrounded it contained about four acres, planted with elms, planes, willows, and catalpas, the surrounding footwalk encom- passed with rows of poplars. The City Hall and the Park have been the scene of many important events which have stirred the citizens of New York. In 1812 " the City Hall was like a sea of fire" in consequence of Perry's victory on Lake Erie. In 1825 the people assembled here to celebrate the opening of the Erie Canal. It witnessed the reception tendered to Lafayette on his return to this country in is^4. and in

OLD CITY HALL ON PR ICS K NT SITK OF Till-) Sl'M THKASURY FROM Tills DALCON1 WASHINGTON WAS DECLARED PRESIDENT

Old and New City Halls.—One of the first incidents which mark the beginning of the century in our local history was the erection of a City Hall

which would he commensurate with the importance of the city itself. The public first building erected for this use was a tavern, built in L642 by William Kieft. It was a great stone structure, of clumsy architecture, and was located at the northwest corner of Pearl Street and ('.unties Slip, fronting on the East River. This tavern was afterward known as tin- Sta.lt rluys it J was used the city by until L699, when David Prevoost, then the mayor, laid the foundations of the new building on the site of the present Sub-Treasury build- ing m Wall Street. It contained rooms for the council ami assembly, court rooms, offices, and a library. Its cellar was a dungeon, and its garret a common jail where debtors were imprisoned. This old City Hall was the center of political life in the Revolutionary pe- riod. On Julv IS, 1 77*',, the Declaration of Independence was read there in the very face of the enemy, and at the same time the English cat .-I arms was PRESENT CITY HALL 80 AND PARK, 1812 To 1860. A FIRE on PIETH AVKM'K.

BURNING 01 THE HANOVEH LPAHTMENT HOTEL,

TIIK NEW MKTUOPOLIS.

the desk of Bank I).

P>y three o'clock every . dollar duo is settled, ami each bank of New ^ . i K The delivery clerks of stands square with its competitors. ( Banks A, !, and I) L0.09I What one unacquainted with the detail of the Clearing House are making the same would think impossible, haw been accomplished. The delivery clerks have I'm rounds, presenting like ished their work. Each settling clerk has now before him all the checks that bundles of checks. up to three o'clock yesterday had been drawn against his bank He has on his In and out among sheet the claims that each of the other banks has presented against him, ami the desks this proces- now, with a skill that OOIUei of long practice, he is adding up with grOfll rapidits sion of hank clerks the total. winds. Package after When this settling clerk came in, at a few minutes before ten, be handed i<> package is laid down, a the manager a slip thai gave the amount of the ahecks be had against the other receipt being taken for banks. This is the credit slip. On another slip he now places the amount each, a slip, afterward charged against him the debit slip. The hanks ol NowYork combined, either used for checking pur- • •we him money or he owes them. The difference between the credit and the poses, being slipped in debit shows this. There Is s.,nie sort of a balance it iimv be more than a million a slot in the desk's top. dollars, it may be only a single cent that his bank is to pay out or colleot, Each settling clerk, as A dead silence rules while these footing! are being made at the desks. The

the amounts come in delivery clerks sit like mice mi the benches, each opposite the station of his

against him, enters them bank. The pens of the settling clerks tly oyer the sheets, adding like clockwork. on the sheet that lies in Minute after minute goes by. Then, as the clock hands creep past hall past front of him. ten, one clerk after another Springs from Ids desk, lie has footed his own There is not a sound balance.

beyond the shuffle of I [e runs across the room and sticks his slip in a holder on a COntinUOUB chain feet. These men be- band of leather that runs up to the gallery. A turn of a wheel above, and the

hind the desks, nearly a manager has this slip in his hand, lie tOBBOfl it to the Clearing I louse olerk, who

( < > I is debits, hundred of them, these TIIK XKW YORK CKKAKIMi J I SE making up the 'learing I louse proof. This proof shows the credits, the delivery clerks with and balances due to or due from each bank.

their satchels steadily growing lighter, might all be machines arranged to move "The proof is made!" This is the announcement that comes from the

and to set down figures. Millions are involved in this passing to and fro, in manager's lips before eleven o'clock is reached. This result has not been gained this ceaseless setting down of figures in long columns. Here is where the real without some difficulty, however. Banll clerks, no mailer how expert thc\ may

pulse of commercial New York is, in these packages of paper that stand for be, are always liable to err, and there arc always a few mistakes. Eoch settling money and the back and forth movement of trade. clerk, as s,,on as he has handed up his footings, goes hack to his desk and checks slip, The machine is perfect. It does not hesitate or falter. The millions that his work. If he QndS a mistake, he at once sends to the gallery a corrected are now passing from hand to hand seem to these men doing the work and ami the last five minutes of the allotted time—the proof is due at a quarter to these spectators no more than newly minted cents. The balancing is alto- to eleven the ( 'learing House clerk in the fallen is bus\ correcting these errors. gether too vast to be realized. One does not appreciate how wonderful it all is. That there may be the minimum number of mistakes, and thai the time table dollars, And yet you are now looking at the science of business laid bare, at the maj be adhered to, then- are lines for all errors fines of one dollar, two driving rod of the commercial machine, which machine in one single hour ami three dollars, with the proviso that: adjusts accounts that in the aggregate are enormous. In the satchels of these "For all errors remaining undiscovered at 11.16 a. m. the fines will be bank clerks this very morning there have been close to a quarter of a million doubled, and at 12 if. quadrupled." beyond eleven, checks. Each of the sixty-six great banks here represented owes money to or is But such is the accuracy, that the proof in seldom delayed owed money by each of the others. These bank clerks leave in an hour or so. and rarely beyond 1 1.20. 55 the new fore clearing house.

the Clearing House money must promptly send it around. All From liis rostrum, once the proof is made, the manager announces the hanks that owe Clearing House by half past one, in coin, gold cer- balance of each hunk, debil Or credit, and each settling clerk jots these figures payments must be made the ( 'tearing House certificates, which can be had by the banks in denom- down for the information Of Ids own officials. Now it has hern discovered pre- tiorates, or dollars by depositing gold in the Clearing House vaults. cisely how each hank stands. Some owe in the aggregate, others have money inations often thousand

( received from the debtor banks, the Clearing due them. Hut— and here the whole theory of the 'learing House is compressed W hen all the money has been

it the creditor banks, each day's work being settled up by in a word — each hank no longer owes this bank and is owed by another bank, House pays out to three o'clock. but, taking the totals in a lump, it is to pay the Associated Banks—the Clearing been eighty-four millions. 1 sr>4 the average daily clearings have They House—a sum of money, or is to be paid a certain amount by it. Since before the Stock Exchange Clearing House was Thus, in the brief space of an hour, all the individual accounts of hanks are started at nineteen millions, and ( years ago, when a check was drawn for every sale of stock wiped out by sixty-six payments, some to the 'learing House, some b\ the < Hear- established a few balanced there in the same manner), ran up to as high as ing House. So simple is the system that one wonders why it has not been in use mow traii-actions are day. they average well around one hun- from time immemorial, and how it has happened that it is not as yet fiftj two hundred and fifty millions a Now

years old. Fifty years ago, though, something of the kind was bruited, the re- dred and twenty millions.

( :is |.s:;| 'learing balances are about four and one-half per cent of the totals ; that is, from nOwned Albert (iallatin having suggested it as far hack ; hut a The Bouse was not established until 1858, when, on the twenty third day of August, five to ten millions in actual money is all that passes over the Clearing House thirty-eight hunks of the city being represented, a meeting of organization was counter from noon to three o'clock. At times banks pay as high as a million held, upon call from the Mechanics' Bank. and a half dollars over, or receive such an amount. Frequently the credit slip The old method hud grown to he intolerable. Complications were constantly of one of the larger banks will read something like eleven millions, and its debtor

resulting, and the work of exchange could scarcely be coped with. T. 13. Paton slip either ten or twelve millions. has described the old Bystem in an article in the Banking Law Journal. The banks pay proportionately to their capital for keeping up the Clearing morning fifty-seven porters " which costs, fifty to one hundred thousand dollars a year. "Each | there being fifty-seven banks in New House, approximately,

York City then] "started out to make the exchanges. Each carried n book of < >nly about half the banks and trust companies of the city belong to this associa- entry or pass book. The paying teller of the receiving bunk look the exchange tion. The others have to intrust their checks to one of the banks that has a

and entered it on the credit side of the hook ; then entered on the debit side the membership and keeps accounts with it, paying the Clearing House, besides, a return exchange; then returned the book to the porter, who hastened to the fee of five hundred dollars a year.

next bank. It sometimes happened thai five 01' six porters would arrive at one Eight managers and clerks constitute the staff of this institution, and it is bank at the same time, causing much delay. The operation generally took two housed in a very beautiful building of ninety-four feet front. Detached and

hours or over. Before the result could be known it was necessary that the last standing quite by itself, built of white marble and domed, as has been said, it exchange should be received, and debit and credit entries he made on the looks like a temple of art. Perhaps the most noteworthy feature of the Clear-

books of the respective banks. ing House is its vaults, which were two years in construction. Electrical was no "There daily settlement of balances, as at present. Instead, it became devices of every sort known to that elaborate science connect the vault room the custom to settle tl iem all on Friday «»i each week, after the morning w ith all portions of the building. Pipes are so laid that the vault room can be exchanges, though all were at liberty to draw at pleasure for balances due; the flooded at an instant's warning, or the engineer has at his command valves with were paid in coin. balances Fpon Friday, settlement day, whether a bank was which he can fill the room with scalding steam at a moment's notice. Again, in the aggregate debtor or creditor, il was both debtor to some and creditor of if any impious hand should be laid upon the vaults, the trespasser could be banks. Other The cashier of each bank would draw cheeks for every debt due killed by charging the plates with the current from the dynamos which operate to him other banks by and send out the porters to collect them. The porters the electric lighting plant of the structure. Other secret devices are held in were also charged with the paying balances, of debtor and would draw specie at reserve by the officials. If the operator should escape all these traps and suc- some banks and pay it at others. process was The attended with much compli- ceed in getting inside the vaults, he would find great difficulties of an entirely cation and confusion before final settlement was reached." unanticipated sort staring him in the face, for the interiors of the three vaults Nowadays, once the balances are finally struck, each settling clerk returns to are filled with compartment safes having a capacity of $500,000 each. The his bank (the delivery clerks have long since left the Clearing 1 louse i, and the total capacity of the vaults is $105,000,000 in gold. 434 SCENE IN THE NEW YORK CLEARING HOUSE WHEN 0LEARAN0E6 ARK BEING MADE. WALL STREET "THE STREET.

him one better by suggesting O have heard of New York in <;cjuiv- first Wall Street fence, and Stuyvesant went and alent to having licnrd of Wall Street. insisting upon . lie told the citizens of New Amsterdam that they

»'>:>:', it, England and Holland were at war in 1 and the New Not oven I 'road way, from which must build when as neighbors. Those citizens who could best afford you will take your firfll view of "the Englanders looked dangerous accepted the imposition of street," can claim a more world-cir- it subscribed six thousand guilders, and the rot a tax island, cling fame. Broadway is wider; il is to secure the loan. The wall was raised across the ending at the river

its has come to us as that of a stockade or pal- a great deal longer; its buildings arc front, east and west ; description infinitely more imposing; but "the isade, each section of which was a picket twelve feet high, with a sharp-pointed street" has things which Broadway top. Where Broadway is now there was a door in the wall, and they called this

lacks. To begin with it lias its allegories the land gate, while another door was at Pearl and Wall Streets, known as the the hulls and hears that are invisible, water gate, because the land ended there in those days and the water began.

nit yet are perpetually goring and hug- There were earthworks and a ditch on the interior side of the wall toward the

mi gi"g. And then there are the great Battery, from which New Amsterdam was already growing northward. But in space the city the wall. names of Wall Street -names as cele- 1 656 there was still plenty of open between and

brated as its own. Their completed wall was known to the Dutch as the cint/ff, and at one time

Hut Wall Street looks very well from they used to post sentries along it. About five decades, however, saw the wall

Broadway. The United Bank Building, on continue there ; the English, when they had taken New Amsterdam from its orioinai. wai.i. BTRBIT »mi its north corner, has numerous neighbors founders, in 1(J(!4, needed the protection the stockade afforded, and in 1673 DUTCH (ll'Allll

miiiic it. imposing in effect ; and when the Astor [nuns were taken to strengthen When in the same year Holland recap- and Seherraerhorn structures beside it are passed, and the new Manhattan Trust tured its old colony from the English and rechristened it New Orange, she was

Building, on the northwest corner of Wall and Nassau, white and magnificent, just as glad that the wall had been left, and used it for the purpose of defense with its pillared summit and cupola, is reached, the architectural claims of the against possible attack, its gates being strictly guarded and kept subject to the street are apparent. same rules as those of any other fortification. Originally it was only a fence that stood on Wall Street, and not a very That we may follow the fortunes of this barrier, which gave our Wall Street

remarkable thing in fences either. The New Amsterdam people had herds, and its name, to the close of the record, it is well to remember that after Holland these used to wander so far from home that the Indians of well on to three cen- had for the second time retreated from Manhattan Island, in 1<*.74, when Andros

turies ago took advantage of it. This fence served its purpose very well for succeeded Colve as governor, the wall remained, and its presence reassured the nearly ten years, when other enemies than Indians and wild animals were en- English at the period of 1092 when the possibility of France interfering with countered, ami the wall was erected in consequence. the colony caused some military engineering to be done with a view to making

No one would think much of the ancient Wall Street wall if he could see it the wall more impregnable. Stone bastions were added to it then. Before that to-day, for far better building than seventeenth-century Dutchmen had any idea it had fallen into a very weak condition, and the gates were in pieces. But by of has replaced it. The handsome Mortimer Building, a few doors down from the year 1 700 the extension of the city demanded the entire removal of the Broadway, on the southeast corner of New Street and Wall, of yellow brick, wall. New York City was already restlessly advancing north, and the old bar- with a deep, arched vestibule entrance and fine stairway, and the modern bank- rier was an obstruction. office edifice on the southwest corner of Broad and Wall, with its American The s;de of building lots near where the wall stood began in 1056. The agency of the great English of house Baring, would have made both Governor view down Wall Street, with its many fine office buildings, that one may enjoy Kieft and Governor Stuyvesant wonder. to-day by standing on Broadway, includes one very prominent object. The They were the two watchful guardians, at different periods, of the cattle and gray pillars of the Custom House, on the southern side of the street, show where persons of the Dutch settlers. Governor Kieft had a good deal to sav about the the earliest of all its houses 6tood. That was the spot on which Jacob Moes- 436 CUSTOMS OFFICERS EXAMINING THE BA(i(iA(iE OK TRAVELERS FliOM EUROPE, . :

WALL STREET AND "THE STREET.

the streets just named. Since 18o5 the Stock the story of the Exchange was written in I 71*2. Several citizens gathered where by, being entered from either "f Street, a few doors south of Wall, N... 60 Wall Street is marked on the present map of the thoroughfare, A but- Exchange Pudding on the west side of Broad through to and has an entrance tonwood tree grew there then, and beneath it they drew up this agreement has been occupied by the Exchange. It extends on "We, the subscribers, brokers for New Street. Although the main front the piirehase ami sale of public stocks, is on Broad Street, with its pillared por- do hereby solemnly promise and pledge tico and five stories of carved stone

' is ourselves to each other, that we will '• and polished granite, there another , r

Kj ' ./' entrance on Wall Street, on the south not buy or sell from this date, for any , :

' ' •• side block person whatsoever, any kind of puhlie . of the between Broad and -ft* stocks, at a less rate than one .piarler 4,'" •- W^-f <:.?*. New Streets. About two million dol- of one per cent commission on the lars were expended on the structure, its Specie value, and that we will give a architect being .lames Renwipk, one of preference to each other in our nego- the most famous the metropolis has tiations. In testimony whereof, we produced. That the New York Stuck have set our hands this 17th day of Exchange should pay annually one- May, at New ^ ork, I7!>2." The sign- fifth of a million dollars to its own ers of this agreement, which originated employees, \\h" look after tin' details

the New York Stock Exchange or at connected with the routine of its af-

least the primitive association from fairs as a body, shows that it has hail a

which the Exchange was developed wonderful development since the first were Lem Bleekez, Hugh Smith, Arm agreement of the group of brokers was strong and Barnewoll, Samuel Marsh, signed under the buttonwood tree. Bernard Hart, Sutton and Hardy, Ben- It would be well to give here some

Seixas, I lean jamin John , John A. definition of what the Stock Exchange Hardenbrook, Amurt Peebee, Alexan- — without which Wall Street would Andrew Barclay, der Gunty, D. Email. never have had its name and fame fa- Hart, Julian Mclvers, N. G. Bleeoker, miliarized to the whole world — really Peter Inspach, Pcnjamin Winthrop, means as an association of individuals. James Ferrers, Isaac M. Au- Gomez, Its membership is now eleven hundred, gustine EL Lawrence, John Besley, and scats on the Exchange are secured Charles Mclvers, Jr., Robertson and through purchase. The "normal Hartshorn, and I )a\ id Keed \ A DUTTONWOOD Tin i. ORBW TUBRE TURN, AND OENBATO n THE} DREW UP THIS AGREEMENT; value" of a 6eat is considered to be In 1S2<> the daily assemblage of the about §2o,

at intervals, and these bear respectively the names of the several stocks which on the Exchange and is unable t«> pay, the Exchange sells his seat over hie head traded in by the Exchange. Around these posts the brokers, accordingly as and devotes the pro. ccds to the settlement of Ilia debts. Should there be any are insolvent they may desire to buy or sell some particular stock, cluster in groups—some- balance in hie favor it is given to him. When a member becomes the observed, in mobs. Every stock traded in has Exchange suspends him, but his creditors can not touch his neat. No member, times, as has been elsewhere its it, and the posts mark off these spaces. aggrieved by any action of the governor* of the Exchange- whose decision in own special floor space allotted to As cases no indicating posts, the brokers can consult a diagram all cases is filial can go to the courts, because the Exchange, having no legal in some there are precisely w here the space existence, can not be brought into litigation. The member who objects to a of the floor, w hich shows at a glance for each stock is is times a place of interest to visitors, decision of the governors lias therefore do recourse, because he con not call located. As the Exchange at all galleries side of the them to legal account for their actions. for their accommodation extend around each room, with the excep- " device which occupies that side is Afi the Stock Exchange is Wall Street," in that sense of the term which at tion of the western wall. The immense for present most concerns us, some description of its interior, where the physical the purpose of detaching individual brokers from the tangled masses of human- floor. life of "the floor" can be witnessed by the public from the gallery, is in order ity in which they become involved when they go on the This device is before we consider the methods and tactics of "the street." not, as might very naturally be supposed by those who have not seen it, a crane, or other power. I electricity It The T-shaped room, which in spite of the fact that it is necessarily provided or a patent a.-so, worked by some does not operate

with walls and a ceiling is technically and somewhat vaguely known as the by drawing B broker out of the crowd by the nape of his neck. Each member " trading floor," during business hours presents a most wonderful scene The of the Exchange has a number, just as a convict or a regular soldier has, and

well-dressed men w ho, either in groups or mobs, or knots of two or three, all \\ lien one of his clerks or a customer or a friend wants him called off the' floor,

seem to have something to say at the same time, and insisl upon saying it with- he mentions the number to an attendant. The great electrical device on the out much regard for what the others are saying, and who diversify their vocal wall, manipulated by the attendant, instantaneously displays the number, which

exertions with violent physical exercises, are all supposed to be in full posses- can be plainly seen from all parts of the room. Its owner, seeing it displayed,

sion of their mental faculties. Vet the unaccustomed observer of the floor knows that he is wanted and hastens to the rail. might be reminded of a schoolhouso playground, where grown-up boys, exult- At the north and south extremities of the floor are several rows of telephone

ing in their temporary emancipation from desk and book, make no effort to I ths which contain some three hundred and fifty telephones. Each instru- repress the exuberance of their animal spirits, lb- might also, perhaps, if he ment belongs to a member of the Exchange and connects with bis office. He

had suddenly wakene I up in the gallery and found himself Confronted by the keeps a clerk in constant attendance at the booth, to receive orders over the

wild scene below, wit, its seething masses, its hoarse shouts, the frenzied wav- telephone, to record each order and its execution, and then to report it back to ing of arms, the pushing, pulling, and scrambling, think that he was looking on his office and to his customer.

the recreation hall e m insane asylum, where the inmates were enjoying a The seat of justice, as it may be called, is over against the west wall. The brief is hour off. There nothing in what bis eyes tell him to explain what it all presiding officer of the Exchange from there scans the proceedings of the crowd can possibly mean. Vet, when you know, it is the simplest and most rational upon the floor, and detects any breach of decorum. Too much ebullience on thing in the whole world. The brokers may seem mad, but really they are as the part of a broker, or the combined boisterousness of a number of brokers,

methodical as it is possible for human creatures to be. It LS simply their way of maj result in the offenders being called up to the rostrum for reprimand. On doing things, and there is an amount of nice detail involved in what the\ arc occasions like this the suggestion of schoolboys and their master again occurs to doing that would surprise you. There the\ are, receiving orders to buy or to the onlookers in the gallery. The presiding officer occasionally inflicts a tine. sell stocks whose values reach into hundreds of thousands of dollars, and they But when one member complains against another, or there is an open quarrel are executing those orders with a skill which nothing but their Wall Street between them sometimes there are fisticuffs—the matter is adjudicated by the training could give reporting them, what they have done promptly and pre- governors of the Exchange. The chairman is only a sort of police magistrate, cisely to their customers and principals, fact, and, in attending to all the routine with limited powers. It is bis duty to see that order is preserved upon the of their business in the most businesslike way. floor. A further use to which the rostrum is put is the reading out of notices There are some two hundred electric in lamps the three great gasalierfl that from it by the president of the Exchange. lie personally announces to the hang from the ceiling, to illuminate, when artificial light is necessary, this re- members in this way the failure or expulsion of one of their number, resolu- markable scene. Von will see that the floor is dotted all over with posts, placed tions passed by the governors, and changes in the rules. 44R

UNIOfl SQUARE.

NORTH FROM THIRTY-FOURTH STREET. BROADWAY AT NIGHT, LOOKING

TYPES OF NEW YOB s NEWS -VENDORS.

SINCE the golden days <»f Rome, when the stylus out its nustie exercises; but in a moment there was a cry of pain, and, to the horror message on the waxen tablets, to our time, when those of the bystanders, the lad's hand was impaled on the butcher's hook, lie was who run may rend, there has been every sort of vendor soon released, and between the sobs and the twit. -Ins of pain ||,,. | u ,| culled for of the news; yea, from the time of the tardy Egyptian his papers. "Oh," said he, "gimme mo papers! I've got to sell 'em forme papyrus, when knowledge was tin- she's for the learned and mudder; home, nek, and she ain't got no money only what 1 git for her"; luxurious, to the present, when every grade of humanity ami he fell back in a faint from loss of blood, and the ambulam e doctor genllv

may read the news <>t' action in far-oil' hinds in an almost lifted the little fellow and hi* papers into the ambulance.

incredibly brief I period after its occurrence, there have been A .« nit a dozen years ago a law was enacted through the Gerry Society news-hearers as well as news-gatherers. In all times one has which prohibited girls under sixteen from sidling papers. New \ nrl City has been of as much importance as the other. truer uewsgirls than anv of the larger cities of the world. There are not many

The marvelous progress of modern journalism, with its mani- at present who openly sell newspapers on the streets ,,f New York; yel Ihcv

fold printing presses and with its countless reader-, its million of Call be found from the little tOt, who. being debarred from selling by the (ierrv

ways for the transmitting of the news from the pressroom to the Society, is tolerated by the good natured, sympathetic policeman, to the girl distant country home, the special trains that fly on Mercury's of sixteen and older. wings, the hurrying army of quick-witted men, women, and chil- A sad faced young woman near the entrance of Brooklyn

dren, make a study of the modern news-vendors not only interest- Bridge has a little table upon which are Bproad her wares.

ing but instructive. I never saw her smile. She seems dillidcnt ; she doesn't

A great deal of money is expended every year for special advan- push her way, but quietly waits, and goes back to her . tages in selling newspapers in the metropolis There are more mother and her seven sisters and brothers late at

than five thousand newspaper stands in (ireatcr New York. The night, with her earning-. "Sometimes I make lortv mere rent of some of them is almost beyond belief. The New cents, but never more than eighty."

York Newsdealers' and Stationers' Protective and Benevolent Asso- It might be interesting to take specimens of the ciation is responsible for the statement that the yearly rental of many news- newhlioys of New York, and in their own vernacu- stands is over thirty-five hundred dollars each. lar let each tell his story.

The great news companies erect booths or stands in the Elevated stations and There is a nest of news-dealers at the entrance of the in the ferry houses. The income is simply fabulous. Hoys are hin d, dressed Brooklyn Bridge. They swarm about like Hies in sum- in uniform, receiving four dollars and a half a week, working from seven and mer time: here, a little fellow with broken shoes; there, eight in the morning till six or seven in the evening. Losses and mistakes must an old lady with thin white hair and form bent with be rectified by the employees. age; now, an active, well-built man, who pushes the An interesting sight in the early morning hours, or in the afternoon, is to weak aside in his eagerness to sell his papers; again, a near pale- watch the dexterous boys who handle these papers in the Elevated trains, getting Cripple, wdio balances on his crutch ; by, B them ready for distribution as the train tiies on, and at nearly every station faced woman, who has children to support ; she *its be flinging out bundles of assorted papers. side a dry-goods box, on which are her papers. The news-dealers are everywhere. They brush past you as you are seated in (Jnder the shadow of the World Building a swarm steamships newsboys galore. there. One of them, a the express train ; you meet them on the — of newsboys hurry here and

Human interest abounds in the lives of these boys, many of whom arc little little fellow typical of his trade, brush.- I pa-t me. I »""" "" other day, whose face was brimful of mischief and industry, entered into with tin- boy. " WhatV vour " heroes. A boy, the conversation * JJ Soi II I ^ in i TOM hum. butcher's hook outside the door. at sub« spied two other boys balanciug, circuslike, on a name?" "Frankie, said he, looking me D1 .,„, „, batubbd then, putting down his papers, also began the gym- 'Icven I'll be twelve in duly the poucbuaji He hesitated a moment, and piciously. "I'm ; —

25 n PES OF NKW V 's NEWS VENDORS.

; I'm a year older Gerrj Society. (iec ! I fought you was- going to take me,' said he, as we l>e- sister," " than my ho came more confidential, like de odder gent. I was .selling de pap's, when a gent ? quickly responded. comes over and nabs me. ' What are youse taking me for ' I says. 'Pm taking

1 1 is It >n*^ shock ' of hair ye for selling papers agin de rules,' says lie. Ah, I don't know no rules!' But under his round cap he pinched me all right, an' took me t.. Essex Street police court. Den de judge

added t<> his 5 unique ap- come up to me, an I went up to him. He said I'd have to go to de Gerry pearance. A hempen Society. Dey took me bran new shirt dat me mudder bought, an' gave me a his rope was round green shirt. I had to sleep in a big room all alone. Nobody wasn't dere. I shoulders. " What's cried all night. In de morning de feller said when me mudder come dev'd

that for f " I asked. leave me home. Gee 1 me mudder didn't know where I was. I had a nickel in " To take de papers me pocket, got two stamps and a penny writiif paper and envelope. I seuded in." His shirt was her two letters. Den she come an5 took me home. Say, I w^as glad. De judge open at the neck. He told me dat if I got nabbed again by any other Gerrys I'd get fourteen days. had only one button on He was good to me all right, an' I ain't been sent up for crap-shooting yet." " his coat. Mis " What's era]) I « stock- \ a.sked. Why," .said he, with a look of wonderment at my ings were torn ahout ignorance, " de Idlers pitch pennies an' bet dat dey can make two heads out of the knee, and a big free. Me friends Jakey an' Harney, dey were nabbed, Mr mudder dirty toe peeped out —she's awful good to me— see, she mended me oat," said from under his shoe. he, a- he held up his coat where his mother had mended " What's that mark

1 banister. I was chas- I go to de 'rudder's Sunday school; dey give me

ing me sister, an' I heads an' a cross, what 1 dresses on me every Sun- rolled stairs down de day, an' me mudder let- me put it on at night when I — nHl "A PALE-FACED WOMAN WHO TIAS CHU,WU:\ TO SUPPORT." ' *<> g° *° de l)OS- says me prayers," said little Frankie. to have pital me nose I put my hand into my pocket and gave him all the

mended. Gee, it hurt! De man gave it a yank, 1 hollered. bucIi Me mudder small change that I had. His eyes were large as he fought I was dead. Dat's de only spot wot shows," said he, pointing with his counted it. 'Mice! I'll buy two-cent cake, and de rest is flirty hand to the blue mark on the bridge of his nose. " When did you go to profit for me mudder. I won't be stuck on me papers to- school {" "Since I was a shaver of five till I was ten, two weeks ago," " said day." Don't play craps," I said. " No, I swored by me he, apparently forgetting his first statement of age to me. mudder dat I'd never see her again if I ever played craps, " -Me fadder died wid some heart diseases. He was too to tell us. fly He an' I likes me mudder best of all. When she hain't got no said it was something de matter wid his arm. Me mudder rubbed medicine on coal I goes pickin' it for her." it, but we got de perfessor to find out. Say, Mister, dem fellers knows lots. " Frankie, don't say 'Gee.' Where did you learn it?" It was heart diseases all right, all right. I. Me rudders an' me mudder dey went " I learned it fi"Oin de fellers, an' I didn't know it was t. de burying, trou' Thirty-fourth Street. It's a big gravenyard ! ETehadde wrong until me brudder told me"; and Frankie sped name on de box. Gee! he looked awful I blue and skinn> ; didn't go; derewas around the corner. no room fer me an' me sister. stayed We around de street until de\ com'd Two little brown-eyed boys, each good-naturedly liome. Gee! it was tourihle dark." anxious to -ell the last paper, stood at the Bide of City " have sold " You newspapers a long time, haven't you, Frankie { II is little Hall Park. If the children's ages were added to- eyes were ablaze with doubt, for he began to suspect that I was an officer of the gether, the result would not reach sixteen years. "See, she mended me coat." 194 THE N E W STROPOLIS.

"My little I she's allers floor say, he's got man, whore do you live*" called out wi aunt ; drunk ; he sleeps on de ; dandy

to the younger of the two one day. "Say, times; when he gets de dough he goes to de theaytor. Say, did yer ever go

Mister, me brudder an' me fadder an' un- to a Gayety Theaytor 1 Bay, it's great! De Lundun, on de Bow'ry, when dey

live in de middle of de Mock, on tie top bave some Bhows doy is out of si^ht," ami he waxed hot with enthusiasm.

tloor. I'll show yer; but me ladder Little Sammy's eyes caught the contusion, and I thoughl to myself, How easy is ain't home dough." "Ah, well, the path downward for the children on the OOSt side! " Don'1 you go to church, " " come : I'll talk to you," and the Sammy I" said [, OB I put mj hand On his little head. Olioich," said he; I

little fellow edged up to his lag ain't got no eloes, an' me Bh068 ifl all broke. We QSOd tO gO I" de nii-hun, but uiishun brother and wondered what I was now we pla\ erapS. Say, doy got a beaut of a teacher at de ; say, she

after. " How many papers have has real shiners on her fingers, fer 1 seed 'era one daj when she came when me

you left ?" " I sold all me Jour- mudder was d\in\" "Wouldn't you like to go book to the mission again, don't nals, got two Woilds and two Qugbey I" "Cert, I would, but Sammy, he like it," and Sammy looked

it' of truant " Say, derc's me fader," Telegrams and one NTewses ; at me 08 be suspected me being a officer.

dat's all I got left." I I 'ought and a man prematurcU aged, BUOh a man as you can see in the public parks

all of them, then returned them whiling tin- hours away on any da\ , e.nne into fight. There was a BUBpioiOD "I to the wondering lad, which disease about him which made one think that lie would soon fol-

Seemed to loosen his little tongue. low his wife, and Sammy and E-Iughey would be lefi alone ii» "Me fadder ain't got verj good bulTet with the tempests of lib 's ocean. " I've been ehaliiiiL' M health, so he don't do no work. with your bright little boyB," I began. Vcs, sir, they're good

He site in de City Hal] Park." boys. Sammy goes to school, Mister. Hughey's " " Well, where's your mother ? ten. We try to gel along the best we can. It's " ain't no Me mudder" — the little v.. ice pretty tough, these hard times. I done trcmhlcd —"me mudder. she's dead work for two years before me wife died. She

last September. She had a bad died of consumption, sir; but 1 guess I'll soon get hi- head cough. Sammy, he cried more'n I strong again," said he. as he turned away his emaciated frame. • A- and a racking cough shook K.\< II ANXIOIS TO SKI. I. TMI. I. 1 IWI'I It did," and the little ten-year-old turned his head away as if he was ashamed "Theboya boj fchej don'f go t.» Sun. lay school*" to cm any I sir, see I can't afford gel to have me see the tear in his big brown eye. " But I felt awful had too : "Well, ye their wouldn't ain't got over it yet," he continued, and his eyes held suspicious moisture. new shoes jusl now. and mother to " like 'em to go this way. I guc-s they'll have Oh, you ought to see de carriages we had—had two of 'cm ; de one me aunty as nice, all wiiit a little while." " Is that the onl\ reason they had was a daisy ; de one dat Sammy and me was in. dat was ju>r

I ventured. "<>h. right, all right. It's a long way to Urooklyn, ain't it, when ye' re in one of dem don't go to Sun. lav scl I?" '*

to the I t'ings? Sammy an' me cried all de way home. It ain't no joke to leave yer I'd like 'em go, if thej had eloes. "Gome, three of I I'll go to your room," and I ascended pairs mudder in der ground, when she's been so good to Sammy and me" ; and rickety in of the oldest ami mOSl dilapidate! gave him a dime to help him forget it. " What's your name, little fellow I Btttin One were no pictures on asked. "Ilughey," he respon led promptly. " How long have you been sell- houses in Cherry Street. There of furniture: a bed. ing papers, Hugh*" "It's goin' on free years." " How did you come to Bell the wall; no unnecessary pieces lean to us, great he made two chairs, a small table and a broken BtOVO. A newspapers *" " A bloke what lives next door he was ; on the carpetlesfl tloor. till did it. I only used and hungrydooking dog dozed sixty cents a day ; so I kidded me mudder >he let me CAPPY Net little "Y*j SEEMED Mister, and Sammy, we sell nearh two It was" a cold, bare ie indeed; thOSC to sell twenty-five at first ; but say, me II K I l.l.r.U m AM A jackets clung tonaly to Jt in On-hard Street, he hearts tinder their ragged bxtbab is \ loud. hunded ev'ry day ; honest! I knew a feller what lives bbbill voioi with all it* sacred remembrances of ••mudder," and ain't trut neder fadder nor mudder; don't believe he never had none; lives i '<>> !

TYPES OF M-.w CS NEWS-VENDORS.

body ; took myself ; heard they stolidly refused nil surest inns for m better home .it the Newsboys' Lodg- de fellers talkin' about it ing House. sells A gad look came over the father's face, furrowed by the ravages of disease, what papers near de City Hall." as he said, "Not while I live; for, sir, they're all I have; but"—and then he "How papers stopped —"well, it makes me feel easy to know there is a place to which they many do you can go when I'm gone." sell now, Iloppy V And as he spoke my eye wandered instinctively about the room, with all its "Oh, 'bout fifty. In mofloty and with its scanty furniture; it was home, sweet and pure and fairer summer make a " dollar a day ; than castle halls " Home, sweet home ! now "Say, dat feller on de corner, wid a crutch —dat's Iloppy," Ilughey said, as can only make he went out with me to resell the papers which I had given him. "See, de fel- thirty cents ; when war extras ler \ ellin' over dere. Dat kid lives in de Newsboys' Lodging I louse, on New de come Chambers Street, off de Bow'ry." The lad thus designated was about fifteen out it's better. De years of age. His trousers were turned up nearly half a foot. They were rag- boot-jaekers what ged, and much too large for wait around here, , him, yet he seemed happy dey make d e as be called bis extras in a dough!" " Hoot- loud, shrill voice. Ilughey jackers?" "Yes, and Sammy started off to sure! D e m get an extra edition, which blokes what waits

they said was just out. I for de extras an'

called little Iloppy toward goes yellin' dem me. lie came quickly at at five cents apiece.

the call. " Why do they Dey can make ten

call you Eloppy — is that dollars some days when

your name?" I began. de war extra 's hot. It's "No, sir, they call me kinder slow now, Mister, Iloppy because I'm lame. dough." " How do you like BLIND MAN 4RRAN0BS III- PAPERS WITH WONDERKCL '{ " " 1 hurt me leg when I was DEXTERITY." the Lodging House Dey seven, hitching onto the are all right," said he, with

Second A \ erner ear at Oli- enthusiasm. "Dey give ye supper air bed an' breakfast. It's good grub," he " " ver an' Oak Streets." Did said, for eighteen cents a day. Sure I like it; course I like it. Have night

it " hurt?" I should smile ! school four nights a week ; have praver-ineetin' on Sundays, an' on Friday nights

It's what dey call white we have hymn singin', an' den after dat we have comic singin'. Say, it's great iiiijfl&lMaiO swellin'." " Ilughey says An' den on de top floor we have de room where we have swingin' clubs, punch- you live in the Lodging in' bag-, boxin' gloves, trapezes, dumb-bells, an' spring-board. We have a great " House. Mother dead i time Saturday nights dere. Say. Mister, C'hristmus time is out of sight. De I*- "Yep. Been dead four fellers what's reg'lars dere, dey get a whole suit of does an' suit of underwear years now. I've been in an' a pair of new shoes. Understand, dat's reg'lar," to only for reg'lars: Fin a de Newsboys' Home ever said he. with much pride. " De oder fellers get nothin' but sweaters an' shoes.

1 since* " Who took you When ye act straight an' give 'em no guff, de Superintendent, he's all right; NEWSBOYS' " LODGING HOUSE there ! 1 asked. "No- bo's his wife. De fellers clubbed togeder one day an' we bought de Super a 196

EDUCATION l\ NKW FORK PUBLIC AND PRIVATE.

ing the months of duly and August ten vacation schools are kept open. About seven hundred teachers arc employed in the forty evening schools.

In tli!- Borough of Brooklyn there are one hundred and twenty-five school buildings. Here are also high schools, a manual training high school, a training school for teachers, and a truant school. A number of evening schools are open during the winter. The Boroughs of Richmond and (Queens are also liberally supplied with free schools, there being thirty-one in Richmond and ninety-six in Queens. The total annual expenditure of public funds for the support of the common schools of Manhattan and Bronx boroughs aggregates six million dollars. This sum includes every outlay except the cost of the two colleges. In Brooklyn the

yearly cost of schools is about three million dollars, and in Richmond and Queens seven hundred thousand dollars. The average per capita cost of public instruc-

tion in the entire metropolis is about twenty-eight dollars.

The total attendance in the day schools of Manhattan and the Bronx is two

hundred thousand; in Brooklyn, one hundred and twenty-five thousand; in Queens, twenty-eight thousand; and in Richmond, fifteen thousand. The Nautical School, for the education and training of pupils in the science

HIGH SCHOOL IN FLUSHING, QUEENS BOROUGH

and Commissii huts of the Common Sc] I Fund were appointed. The Public

School Society, in 1 SV,\, after an existence of almost half a century, voluntarily surrendered to the commissioners its corporate rights and privileges.

The territory now known a.- Brooklyn was hut sparsely settled in the days of Dutch rule, and the same may be .-aid of Richmond and Queens counties.

Small, however, as was the population of Ureuckclcn, as it was then called, B free school wa- started as early as h'»(!l ; but the English conquest |»ut an end to it, and one hundred and fifty years elapsed before a popular institution of learn- ing was again opened. Aided to a small extent by the Common School Fund, the first modern free school was established in Kings County in 1813. That the public schools have kept pace with the increase of population and wealth, is evidenced by the fact that in the BorougliB of Manhattan and Bronx there are about two hundred magnificent BChool buildings. There are also high schools, a normal high school, a nautical school, and truant schools. Dur- AN INTERESTED CROUP. 206 THE Ni:w METROPOLIS.

MILITARY DRILL BKKKKLKY SCHOOL.

roof Hoard of some of the most recently erected buildings arc fitted up with playgrounds and practice of navigation, war. established under the direction of the hem-tit St. and elevators These elevated places of recreation are .,f great to the Education in 1873. The school is conducted on the United States Bhip are ..pen people of superintendent, a children from a sanitary point of view. Thev to thfl young Man's. It has a regular staff of qualified officers, including a the on Saturdays and during vacations. The largest school build- necessary instructors. neighborhood surgeon, and the One Hun- corner-, thus pro- ings—such as those on Eagle Avenue, on St. Ann's A.venne, and On As a rule, the public school buildings are located on street Street, in I'.ronx borough -are each capable of accom- < >n account of the dred and Thirty-eighth viding a maximum available amount of light and ventilation. modating three thousand pupil- ami si\t\ teachers. scarcity of land the playgrounds are usually situated in the basement, although •jo 7 PRIVATE. EDUCATION IN NKW ^ < >i;K IMI5UO AND

HOYS' II ICSII SCHOOL, MA ROY AND PUTNAM AVENUES, NORMAL COLLEGE, PARK AVENUE AND SIXTY-EIGHTH STREET, BROOKLYH MANHATTAN.

Fire drills are obligatory in the public schools, and serious accidents resulting kindergarten the pupils are advanced, on passing rigid examinations, through the from panic among the children arc almost impossible. Military drills are in primary and grammar schools, and thence to the high schools; or, if they so some schools a daily feature, the boys being organized into companies w earing elect, the girls into the Normal College, and the boys into the College of the uniform.-, the cups of which hear the letter- A. (i. (American Guards). City of New York. The usual studies in English are supplemented in the Attendance at school of children between the ages of eight years and four- grammar schools by the teaching of vocal music, drawing, and French and teen years is compulsory by statute in the city of New York, for the enforce- (ierman. These languages are taken by permission, and are confined to pupils ment of which law thirty truant officers are employed. These officers inves- of the three higher grades in the grammar school. All other studies are tigate about thirty thousand cases annually. A lurge number of charitable obligatory. The evening schools give instruction to over twenty thousand schools participate by law- in the school fund, ami tire therefore under the gen- young persons who are obliged to work during the day. eral supervision of the Board of Education. Beginning w ith the primary and Vacation schools are maintained during the summer by the Society for the 208

JJM

ii I III HI > fil in I^OTllS 3 E H E i f 'M 1 • i a in if I I III iu

I II ''^" IS 1 1 II III u n im n» fil i nil iff

r 1

it

• i third Street KiMi Avenue Hotel Albemarle llotlhmn Townaond SkJaniea statut SN'iiliuiu H. Seward. Fifth Avenue s. P. C. A. MidUoo Square Garden. .\p|M'lliit' • '..iirt iuuu avuiiuu. omuimmi nnuure rratbytorian Metropolitan Innurance

Hotel. House, Building. Building. Building. Statue. Hftnt-w Conkling. < 1'urkhumri.; Church, Company Building. MADISpX SQUARE.

;

THE NEW ETROPOLIS.

had heen apparently starving a few weeks before was seen on the streets adorned with jewels. The anarchistic propaganda had profited, and the bosses were

given an opportunity for gain. The workers, and the) alone, had lost. Tin- failure of this strike left the workers in a deplorable Condition; they l«>st all tin- hope with which the stirring words of the agitators had inspired them.

The leaders wore glib with explanations, chief among them being the lack "i organization. An agitation began for a thorough organization; the Anarchist leaders were foremost in the work, and not Only the cloakmakcrs but the tailors

and other garment makers were organized into unions, all federated in one body.

The union became an apparent!) powerful machine, with Its bod) >>\ officers, organizers, and walking delegates, old Walhalla Hall became the center of the labor movement, and almost every night meetings Were held, at which stirring addresses were delivered for the purpose of raising funds to strengthen the new organization. Men and women gave willingly; they saw in this movemonl their salvation, and the) denied themselves in order to Uphold the union. The leaders plotted and planned, and the ue\t summer they decided to aim at a blow another branch of the garment trade which ii was hoped would be a lasting one. The tailors went out <»n Btrike for the first time the year after, and again men and women smiled at Starvation. The strike WOfl not devoid of Spec

tOCUlar methods, but it availed little. It was a bitter struggle, which resulted in an utter rout for the strikers. After an exhibition "i almost superhuman endurance the strike was declared ofi and the union was broken. CHILDREN OF SWEAT SHOP WORKERS POSING FOR THE PHOTOGRAPHER A few years later, in L898, the great crisis swept over the city, and wholesale ON THE FIRE ESCAPES, clothing manufacturers, forced to the wall by the financial distress, dragged down

the BWeat-shopB and threw the workers into the street. It was a terrible time for

little others fill them good ; were found to their places, and violence broke out. the (ilietto. Anarchists made capital of the crisis ami preached their doctrine The good people who had sympathized with the strikers were alienated by these of destruction. The Socialists were just as active in their advocacy of >pera

manifestations of lawlessness. They did not know the full story of the sweat- tion. It was a season Of agitation and propaganda, and men had ample leisure

shop slave's extremity, or perhaps the censure might not have heen so keen. to attend the big meetings which were held all day long, and which so agitated The violence ceased, and New York City was treated to a terrible spectacle. the police, who hod been misled by highly sensational reports. Reserves were One beautiful summers day there moved along Broadway the most ghastly pro kept in station houses all the time, and meetings were broken up by timid police cession in this -city's history. It was the hunger parade. Three thousand men officials, who stalked into the meetings with BCjUads of men at their Lacks, all and women, starving, haggard, and ill-clad, were on public view. No music fully armed and prepared t<> quell riots which m-ver materialized. ideal headed this procession ; no flags, no gaudy trappings. It was a scene that only Anarchism fell and Socialism rose. Oo-operation was the which the the brush of a Dore could have done justice to; it was a funeral c&rt&ge, pursued was invoked to end the sweat shop with all its iiiKpii with WOrkerS ; the law

living corpses. The city shuddered with horror ; hut soon after the strikers slunk ties, and the eight-hour workday was agitated. Factor) inspectors were created hack to the shops, whipped into submission, and though the world at large was the Board of Arbitration and Mediation investigated and reported; politicians told that they had been victorious, it was a rout. The piecework system, it sprang up where agitators had flourished. New leaders' sprang into being, w ho was said, had heen restored ; but it was a system which did not alter the con- fought tiercel) against the socialistic element ami advocated trade unionism. The ditions; the pay was scaled according to the task average, and men and women workers were divided against themselves, and the sweaters, taking advantage of were compelled to work just as hard in order to earn the same pay against this cbao>. the "task system," more terrible than before, crept back. which they had rebelled. The demagogues had profited, and the leader who Strike after strike followed, but always with the same result —the strikers 040 U'.i THE EAST SIDE.—THE SWEAT-SHOP.

as before, true, leaders sweat-shop still exists; not in such great numbers but even WCW defeated, the sweaters victorionfl. After the hip strike of 1M»7 the the big lofts that are devoted to the garment-making industry are very little declared that there would he no more strikes until 1900, when a determined from the old conditions, and the great exodus to Brownsville, Brook- effort would he made to wipe the middleman out of existence. The prepara- removed sweat-shop. the t" day lyn, has done little to remedy the evils of the tions for this strike are said to he now progressing. But workers And the irreat public, the bargain-seeking men and women, go into ecstasies- are in a most desperate condition, and the unions seem to hi- all hut dead. over the cheapness of the clothes, and while wondering at this same cheap- [n the spring of 1809 another spasmodic attempt was made to legislate out thought to the starving and freezing wretches, the naked and of existence the tencment-hoUSC sweat -shop. The chief evil this time, it Wafl ness give never a children, who starve and freeze in the winter, and sink under the urged, was that the garments for the I'nited States Army were being mauufac uneducated in the stifling tenements and close, walled-in streets, that they tured in the .-weal shops where were filth and presumably disease germs, which heat of summer rest of the world— buy their clothing cheap, and thus have money would spread disease in the army— to say nothing of the public in general. This the may luxuries, and a summer by the sea. was undoubtedly true, and a matter for grave consideration; yet in spite of enough for otherwise impossible

1 not be marred by the thought of the suffer- everything that has been done, in spite of nil the laws on the statute ks, in Happiness in Heaven will surely on the earth prove it. spite of the factory inspectors and the health authorities, the tenement -house ings in Hades. Conditions

THE EAST SIDE. EESTER STREET MARKET.

ESTER STREET is the scene of the wonderful market of the Ghetto.

Jt is a truly wonderful market, and it has been 6aid of it that every- H thing except pork and diamonds can be purchased there. See it on Thursday afternoon and evening, and Friday morning, when all the housewives are making their purchases for the " Shabbas," when no shopping,

no manual labor, no cooking must be done. It is then a most picturesque spec-

tacle, as the sun beats down on it, heightening and brightening the kaleidoscopic effect. Miles of push-carts tilled with shimmering, glistening tish stretch far away down the adjoining streets. Other hundreds of push-carts tilled with

fruits, vegetables, neckwear, linen, tinware, and merchandise of all sorts and descriptions crowd in between the fish carts, completely choking the way. About these carts there swarms and jostles and crowds and shouts and jabbers

and bargains and hawks a heterogeneous mass of people such as is to be seen nowhere else on the face of the earth. Vendors of candles, of collar buttons, shoe laces, pins, suspenders, cast-off clothing, and dress patterns—the entire street completely tilled with men and women and children, all offering something to

m II to the equally heterogeneous mass which crowds the sidewalks. It is at night that the market assumes its most picturesque phases. A myriad dancing, flaring, smoking lights, yielding to the vagaries of the breezes and the wind caused by a constant rush of humanity; an endless torchlight procession, with torchbearers gaunt, vociferous, and tense with cupidity; a procession of torches that never move, but smoking drearily, light up a scene that is one of IN LIEU OP A REKRHiERATOR. THE FIRE ESCAPE IS UTILIZED the most remarkable in all of this city's Grange sights. Around the lights now FOR THE DAY'S MARKETING. slipping from the rays of one into the fitful 546 orb of another, pushing, fighting,

"

HESTER STREET MARKET OX FRIDAY

linen, II. iv is Hester t, carts, 611ed with fruit, vegetables, m-rkwear, tin wan-, and merchandise Stm scene of the wonderful market of the Ghetto. See it on Thursday afternoon and evening and Friday morn- far away down the adjoining streets. Other hundreds of ing, when all the the way. About these carts there swarms and jostles ami < mwd> housewives are making their purchases for the Shabbas. ... It is then a most picturesque spectacle, as the sun beats of all sorts and descriptions, crowd in between the fish carts, choking down it, of people, such as is to be seen nowhere else on the face of the earth. on heightening and brightening the kaleidoscopic effect. Miles of push carts, filled with shimmering, glistening fish, stretch and jabber* and bargains and barters a heterogeneous mass

FISH AND VEGETABLE CARTS.— A CLOSK CAU.VLATIOX. a

HESTER STREET MARKET.

housewives from the Ghetto, beautiful, hideous, jostling, crowding, a throng of well-dressed and slovenly; straining, neat, and slattern; well-fed and starving, in whose penumbra the throng issurg- nervous, eager to draw closer to the light jabbering, mauling, investigating. In the cen- ing. About the light Is a group swearing, cursing, and haggling, ter of the group is a being, vowing, scaly mass, which throws Btanding guard over a glittering, sparkling, thousand glittering reflections— back the Bmoky, oily light in a writhing, slippery mass, handled and mauled and keenly in- push-cart over which spected by the group crushing about the the torch flickers, a luminous Cerberus. This w onderful spectacle of darkness and light, and grating, iznttBthetic color is the fish market of the Ghetto, where the Jewish housewife does her shopping, her bargain hunting. It is the fish market on Thursday

night, which is close enough to the Sabbath to com- pel the prudent woman to rush to the seething whirpool of humanity, armed with a basket, that she may lay in her supply and not be caught unprepared when the sun goes down on the morrow, ushering in the Sabbath. For what would the Sabbath eve be without a savory

mess of fish ? And it is good fish that is ob- tained there on Thursday night, fresh and 6weet, or the Jewish housewife would not use

it. She knows fish, and the red gills speak volumes to her. So she mauls the glistening mass, her hands diving into its very heart, pull- ing out the biggest, finest-looking fellows, and with a deft movement she lays the gills bare,

while the creature whose stock it is, asseverates

with more vigor than truth that the fish is as pure

as his life.

It i.s a hard life that these men and women of the fish market lead, dp with the sun, dragging them- selves and heavy push-carts to the big wholesale marts near the river for their supply of wares, then pushing the load back over the rough pavements to some choice

spot on Hester Street or its environs, there to stand the whole day under the broiling sun, in torrents of rain, in des- " perate cold, and in the midst of swirls of snow, crying Fish ! fish! live fish!" For what? For the most beggarly pittance—not enough, scarcely, to A IIoT NIGHT OX THE EAST SIDE—SEEKING BELIEF ON THE ROOFS. Till: EAST 8 3.- CHILD-LIFE.

<»ut born with a soul that has not been baked like the red brick, he will feel OOKDfQ of the win- been %

dow for the first time, the " Weltschmerz." Sooner, perhaps, than other children will this child of the the babe of the tene- tenement feel, lie will seek to rise, and he will find that for him there are

ment is greeted with the obstacles impossible to surmount. Around him there will always be cankering

most unlovely spectacle of u care and dread poverty; all about him, lives made mean by the lack of the little great of red brick loom- things that make life sweet; his own life robbed of Nature's intended gift—the

ing i > so high that his little right to be happy while young, at least with green fields and flowers and trees i brain is seized with a sudden as environments. It is good that the prattling babe, leaning out of the win- vertigo. Whichever way the dow for the first time, does not realize all this. A sudden forward movement

little head may turn there is would pull the little skirt from the protecting grasp and end the young life

" the same cheerless spectacle. on the hard pavement below before it had fairly begun; and this dreadful

( >n all sides the red brick, on catastrophe happens sadly often in this great city.

all sides the tenement house. The street is the only romping ground Hut happily the little one does for the child of the tenement.

not realize the intense misery It is the nursery ; of the

it does not know w hal the red growing y oungster. brick has d.iiie to be symbolic There is no place in the

of ; it does not know that its three small rooms for lir-i glance is a doleful forerun- children to ro m p ner of the gloom by which the a rou ml, and, besides,

best years of its life, the glorious the street is more cheer- time of its childhood and youth, ful than the mean,

•• Don't lacob, will be spent in the midst of the stutT\ little holes red brick, which will eat into its from which the soul, and stand like a grim relentless wall between it and the ambitions that child is only too may move its spirit. happy to escape. The happy little youngster, oblivious of the significance of the tenement, Although pushed Clapping its hands with glee at the first sight of the world without, kicking its ami jostled about by heels while its protector, is who holding fast to the little one's skirt, is trembling those in whose way lest something happens, gazes below. Oh, what a wonder world greets its eye! the little ones are Its little brain can not analyze; its little mind drinks in the scene in concrete. constantly running, The place where all that strange noise is coming from, the shrieks, the oaths, in spite of all the the laughter, the roar and rumble, that mysterious bourne beneath it— the street dangers from the big —how wonderful it is! the seething, surging throng, the kaleidoscopic mass, one horses and the cruel -rand vistS of color, beautiful 80 that the child leans forward eagerly, its little wheels of trucks and eve- aglow with delight, drinking in a vision that to it seems glorious. In later street cars, in spite of _ . , _ years he will not be so happy when lie sees the rows of red brick ; he will not Bimdrj accidents and many crow with joy as he gazes at the streets and listens to the noises. Rq will know tragedies, they thrive and then what it means ; he will know that he has been a part it of all, and it' he has grow and live. They arc 658 Two i worbd boys of pobtdne at their couxtm home.

THE EAST SIDE, -CHILD-LIFE.

Room remarkable children, these of the but the city tragedy No

tenement - house. With nothing clamors for victims. but the merest needs "i existence There can be but one supplied them, without the ten- result, an evil one. The derness heaped upon children of longing after physical exer- wealth, without the care of cise is so strong with a nurses and governesses, they healthy child that attempts

spring up a strong, sturdy lot, to check it but increase the independent and ambitious. desire, unless, indeed, con- They seena happier, as they tinual repression counter- frolic about in the crowded acts the natural instinct streets, than the tender little and the child becomes

child whose early life is spent inert, limp, and indifferent.

amid all the care that riches can The most depressing thing

bring. It is only in alter life, iIm 'lit the life in the congested

when play is no longer the only districts of the city is the de-

thought, that the child of the frauding of a growing boy or girl Italian loaves "i dm id, tenement envies the of the simple right of mo- Thb little oikl is HAPPY all day drawing her child of the mansion. tion and the free- IK'LL ABOUT IN A TWO- WHEELED CART." Vet the efforts of the city child to plav are sad. To dom of limb. To play, lie must use the street and get into everybody's way. shop or factory or school they go with automatic regularity, The streets are too narrow, for the most part, to servo the w ith no better chance of development or use of their physi- dual purposes of tratlic and amusement. Here and there cal faculties than if they were settled men and women. in the upper part of the city, where streets are wide For the girl the situation is not half so terrible as ami tral^c light, there are some happy children, by for the boy. The little girl is happy all day draw- far the happiest of the city's rising generation, who ing her doll about in a two -wheeled cart. But can indulge in some of the good old games of the boy wants, and by right should have, plenty happy childhood without interfering much with of violent physical exercise. What fills a boy with the convenience of their elders. Hut these happ\ A more joy than an opportunity to play One Old Cat oases are few, and the glimpses which the little w or baseball ? What chance has a city boy to revel ones from the districts where the crowds are thick, in the joys of a bat and ball ; to run and slide and the sidewalks narrow, ami the roads tilled with steal bases ( What opportunities do the streets an endless stream of trucks, drays, and street cars, afford him for such joy { Owners of shop windows obtain of this Paradise, till their little hearts with tremble at the sight of a boy with a bat in his envy, and cause rebellious thoughts to surge through band, and pedestrians dodge instinctively. Jf a their undeveloped minds. boy plays ball on the asphalt and it inconveniences There is no room. It is Little Dorrit repeated anybody, to say nothing of greater catastrophe.^ a tens of thousands of times. It is one constant order policeman will swoop down on him and drag him off to "move on," to "get out of the way," accompanied to the police station, to consort with thieves, drunkards, by epithets, oaths, and sometimes blows. The efforts to 'iid the vilest dregs of society until he is taken to court, plav (the attempts are laborious! are rudely repressed, thought where he may be lessly reprimanded or fined, according to the dis- cheeked, not because the child's right is not recognized, Wo LITTLE IMMIGRANTS. position of the ra.o magistrate before whom he is arraigned. And //,„, ,/ /i// Mm/. /'army //it I/on/io// /,'rr,n . // 1, v/t (irii/uui//// t/tiit/nn//ir>lfa fUtitltfUt off/ill ' lh'"/i///' u ( /'rrrt,/ I»,/n/Malt* /t/bm //if l/itytiit* ////•) W'/liH' l'/ lafat> t/ortts. fatarne At Gortneiv' //eiusr; u/td'far //it rnii/rrirciS' £ertrn

FROM AN Ol.U PKINT M AUK KKOM Till DKK1INAI. UKAWINli

Copyright, 1886, by E. Bolles. ON TIIK 1IOMK KUX. t

VIEW OF MORXIXGSIDE (CATHEDRAL) HEIGHTS, THE HUDSON RIVER, AND NEW JERSEY PALISADES.

I\ THE HAEBOB AT NIGHT, ilittfi If

AN AUDIENCE AT THE CASINO.

SOUND MONEY DEMONSTRATION OB BUSINESS MEN'S PARADE, OCTOBER 81, L808. D1NIN0-R00M OF THE FIFTH A.VENUE HOTEL.

AT THE TABLE IN THE FOREGROUND ARE T. 0. I' LA IT, THEODORE ROOSEVELT, EDWARD LA ITERBACH, AND LEMUEL E. QUIGG.

Lltif of I'olioo.

WAITIXc; F<»K TIIK I'AKADE of THK SKV ENTY-FIRST REGIMENT IT<>\ its RETUBK KBOM CUBA.

LOWER FIFTH A.VENUE, LOOK I NO TOWARO WASHINGTON MEMORIAL Alt" II. A HUT NIGHT <»\ Til E EAST SIDE—ONE OF HUNDREDS OF SIMILAR SCENES ENACTED AT THE SAME TIME.

1

I

RO()F-(i ARDEN OF THE AMERICAN THEATER.

1 AT TIM I 1 1 \TKY CLUB OF W ESTCHESTER. INDEX TO Till: STKKKTS OF MWIIAITW

Manhattan Place, G04. New Chambers Street, 594. Reode Street. 608. si \i;,.v. Plaoe, 010. Yariek Street. 607. Street, 000. Manhattan New Street, .".84. ;>ns. Rector St I. i t, St. Nicholas Place, r. IS. Vcm.v Street. 809.

Marion Street, 596. Norfolk i;i)<). Street, Renwick street. 807. Stone Street, 588. V.st rv Street, (50(5. Marketneld Street. 5s3. North Moon- Street. 604. Republican Alley, 604. Stuyvosanl Square. 619. (Soo W alk, r Btroot, 506

Slip. 594. ( Market )ak Street, 694. lii.l^e Street, lion. Second &vonuo.) Warren Street, Ho:!. Street, 594. Slip, Market Old 584. Riverside Drive, 618. Stuyvesant Str. et. (510. \\ lilngton Mi u % 810. Mechanics Alley, 595. Oliver Street, 594. Riverside Terrace, 632. Suffolk sm et, 800 Washington Plooo, <;<»'.».

Street. 596. ()r. ('> '.>. Mercer -hard Street, 596. Rivingt.m Street, .'>!•'.•. , (507. w ,i hington Square, n Mill Lane, 583. Paradise Park, 592. Roosevelt Street. 55)2. Sutton Place. (512. (See First Washinntoii Si reel, ,'.SS, Milligan Place, 609. Park Place, 603. Rose Street. 590. Avenue. ) Water Street, 580.

Minuet ta Lane, 609. Park Row. ,V.i5. Rutgers Slip. .'.!'.'. Temple Si reel. 5SJI. WnttS Sheet. C.OH.

Minnetta Street, 610. Park Street, 592. Rutgers Si reot, 595. Thames Btroot, 589. Wavorloj Placo, <'>i<>.

Mission Place, 610. Patchin Place. Cos. Scammel Street, 598. Theater All. y. .MM). Weal Broadway,

.Monroe Street, 594. Pearl Street, 582. Sheriff Street, ti()0. ThonuiH Street, (503. WOBl . (100. Montgomery Street, 598. Peek Slip. 5!»0. Shinbone AJley, 610. Thompson Street, <507. Wesl Si reel, 586.

Moore Street. 583. Pelham Street. 595. South Stre. t. 5S!». Tompkins Bquare, 600. We, i Washington Place, 600.

Morningside Park East, 617. Pell Street, 592. S.-uth William Street, 583. Tompkin* Street, .V.l'.l. White Street. 55)6.

M"niiii£-iil<' Park We»t, HIT. Perry St re. t, 60S. Spring Street, 698. Trimble Place. 601, Whitohall Street. B80. Morris Street, 588. Pike Street. 595. Spruce Street, 51)0. Trinity Place. 5.SH. Whitney Street, 589. Morton Street, 608. Pine Street, 586. Stable Cut. 1,10. Tr.von Row. Ml.'.. Willett Sheet. 600. Mott Street, 592. Pitt Street. 600. Stanton Street, 599. Union Plaoe, 610. William Street, 586. WooHter Streot, Mulberry Bend Park, 590. Piatt Street. 5S!». Staple Street, 604. I university Place, 610. 590. Mulberry Street, 592. Prince Street, 598. State Street, 580. Vandam Street. 606. Worth Street. 604. Murray Street, 603. Prospect Place, 62S. (See For- St. John's Lano, 607. Vandewater Sir. et, .'.DO. York Btroot, 604. Nassau Street, 585. ty-second Street.) St. Luke'a Place, 608. (See Le- Van Nest Place, '108. (Soo New Bowery, 590. Rachel Lane. 51)9. roy Street.) Charles Street.)

677 Standard t HI Hulldlug. John>ton Iliilidlug. Manliiilluii Clioi l ik-M I S Vrni) Keiublo Produce Exchange. liulldlug. Washington Building Hudson Building Com. Cniili- HWIk 1,1ft- HMir H„n,li ni{ , Building, Howling i;mu IluildliiK Morris Building. Lord's < 'mirl Bldg. Empire Blilg.

\ 1 1 . \\ OF THE LOWER END OF M ANH ATTAN ISLAND FR( »I THE EAST RIVER, SHOWING

TIIK STREETS OF MANHATTAN.

AT the very foot of tin- city is the Battery, ;i little park which linishes the island park, and trains rumble among the branches of the trees, while the road's terminus

/-\ not unlike tin- fancy tip t<> a ladj s Bhoe I irectly north of it rise the phenome- disfigures the eastern corner. But utility must take precedence over beauty in a dis- nally high ollice buildings which have so elevated the sky line of the city, trict as cramped as lower New York, and there is every reason for thankfulness that hut this little park has preserved its natural level, and is one of the most interesting no further depredations have been made. In summer, from the window of the train, spots in NYU fork. It welcomes the stranger who looks wonderingly upon the city the eyes rest on the refreshing green of the elms; in winter there are charming for the first time from the deck of a steamer, and its quiet is equally pleasing to him snow scenes, and strange effects on foggy days, when the train seems to be floating in

who reaches it through the distracting tratlic of 1 '.roadway. Its location prevents it clouds, with earth invisible below.

from becoming a busy thoroughfare, for, although it is at the end of Broadwax, The prospect from the Battery is one of its chief attractions. From the promenade, only the hay is beyond it. Thus it happens that those who walk its devious paths, which is so near the water that the waves dash over its sea-wall, can be seen the entire or follow the wide promenade at the water s edge, are more frequently "ii pleasure than hay. Brooklyn, and the Jersey shore, and the islands which are of so much interest. on business bent A little to the left is < iovernor's Island, which offers romantic suggestions of both past The park i^ in shape very like two thirds of a disk, bounded on one side hy State and present, and where is located the Department of the East of the United States on the other hy Battery curved Street, and Place, the edge being washed by the waters Army, with (Jeiieral Wesley Merritt commanding. Standing a little to the right is of hay. the Unfortunately for beauty's sake, the elevated railroad encroaches on the Liberty (Bedloe) Island, which is scarcely more than a foundation for the massive 578 l'o.lul T»1i Co. Life Ins. Sim iMivniin; nun. St. Paul (.Illln. I. T HiilMllii;. Kuhn Mutual Is Oourl Tlmoi. W.MHll.rKlK.' HulMlng. Miirkrl and h ull. .11 Hank l 1 II. \\ h-Iiii I. If.- Ins iishmnn Building. I mi Journal Sampson Bklg. EqultuM.- LIfO In*. VuiKl.l-l.llt 1 ml. 10, 1 v| i. - Building liUlg. 0111 Bldg, FalieyBltlg, Muii an. 1 Part Bow him. World. Aini'i Iran Mir. iv Bunk >>r Commerce. John Wolfe mm. rli rroei locltly hi>i«. I.onti h ilulldlng. Broiling Pod Hal Part Bank. Bennett Building, u Bullillug. Uer.-Aiiur. In*. ClllltlllfUlul III"

ER«>M THE RATTER To THE WORLD BUILDING. THE (J BEAT BUILDINGS oN THE STREETS V

temporary prison for thieves, who were the Bartholdi pleasure was incongruously converted into a pedestal and heroic statue which was the gift of France to America, confusion time and were robbing wgorouslj The building and guns stationed for defense. Straight profiting by the of the Statue of Liberty. Here also are soldiers considered the fines! audience ohambor In the town, and was and on the w0J tt j one time the in distance, rises a high, even mound, which is Staten Island, ahead, the land After fashionable life moved uptown Narrows In the distance this pas beat Qtted tor the reception of Jennj eastern side of this is the water way known as the ( into place for immigrant*. "aslle ( iarden was converted a landing Colorado canon, but through it the largest ships of the world sago seems almost like a and this building is ftlSO s,tu;.le,l .... The Ral < Mlice now receives the immigrant*, which pass the Battery are infinitely into* sting, Rnd entrance to the city. The boats stone Of dubious architecture, the witter side of the Batterv It is a modern building those in any other harbor, embracing the largest ocean and of greater variety than the sad the boats for Governor a light belonging to the city, Beside .1 are docks whence steam ers, railroad barge* loaded with trains, Steamers afloat, the palatial Sound tl ndol the parks Island and the Stat...- of Liberty. To the east of these, and at on the Battery, are i ed yachts, tugs, and even rowboats. At pi.-r \. Brooklyn (Atlantic era, private of the ferries to Staten [sland and South this Fire Department water front are the slips patrol the harbor, and adjoining the f the the police boats which Street ,. Most of the passengers rom Street Hamilton Kerry, and Th.r. v ninth keeps its river steamers. roads, and thus disappear ; . . . , i surface and elevated femes immediately fill the cars ol both a building around which much romantic On the water's edge was Castle Garden, and linger, and can at all times be maintained but the wondering immigrant has Leisure to stroll building has been remodeled for an Aquarium, luggage, some history clustered. The picturestpicly tlr.^se.l, and mueh burdened with fort, but seen at the Battery, public. It was originally a Revo ut.onary ofttimea the city for the benefit of the them in the Barge . mice, but by tunes waiting for the friend* « ho failed to meet purely a pleasure resort and occupied asmaU groups com in the early days of this century was bewildered as to which way to turn. Some bridge a stranger in a strange land, covered, and « bid, was reacbe.l by a little clumsy circular island, which it entirely and mother sitting dazed on park benches, with entire ft lies, father of the torn b* id pari esof prise hung with lantern* Over this bridge the gallants standing about. , . . winch was served m bower ike children with icecream and cake, the Battery have released then friends to refresh them Mter the big business buildings to the north of of the great lire m 1835 this haunt of alcoves seating six or eight. At the time 879 THE STREETS OF MANHATTAN

simple m character, but to the antiquarian show signs of past elegance. As recently as twenty years ago the generous windows were draped with lace curtains, and the houses bore a look of conservative privacy, as though the occupants were determined lo oppose the encroachments of business life. But now these same houses are con- verted into offices for steamship lines, commission merchants, money exchanges, and homes for immigrants. There are on the street several philanthropic institutions designed to benefit those who arrive friendless at the Barge Office from the steamships. These are a Swedish Mission, an Immigrant Girls' Home, the Woman's Home Mission- ary Society. SI Raphael s Yerein. and the Mission of Our Lady of the Rosary. The house in which the latter is established is of unique architecture, and thus excites much interest. The buildings lessen in elegance as the ferry is approached, and the last block, while somewhat (plaint, has deteriorated into cheap restaurants and shops, with storage rooms and lodgings for immigrants above State Street was named on

account of its vicinity to the State House formerly on Bowling Green Row. WHITEHALL Street runs from the river, a few short blocks, to where Bowling Green merges into Broadway. Notwithstanding its brevity, it embraces much variety not only in the buildings but in the types of people on the sidewalks, who, of course, correspond with the business conducted. At the lower end of the street the buildings are old, built of brick, and give indication of having once been used for dwellings.

Occasionally a picturesque bit is seen, but for the most part the locality shows its devo- tion to the business and comfort of immigrants. Small shops fill the street on the west Bide, but on the east side the Army Building occupies the entire space between Water

BATTKKY PARK IN WINTER, NlloWlMi nil Kl.K VATIC It ROAD AND, BEYOND, THE UiMtV OK THE IIAKiiK OKKK'E.

tenants and the men have hastened uptown, the people of smaller affairs who make their homes downtown janitors of buildings, SOrub-WOmen, and all those whose occupation humble is to cater to the wants of the immigrants—occupy the park. On summer evenings the women turnout for satisfying gossip, the men to smoke a sooth- ing pipe, and the children to piny games on the asphalt walks. Errand boys, clerks, business men, have all disappeared, and the downtown residents com it, like nijrht birds, to enjoy the deserted district and the breeze from river and bay, BATTER? PLAOB bounds Battery Park on the north. It is only three blocks long, running west from Broadway toWesI Street, and crossing Greenwich and Washington

Streets I me block is entirely covered by the enormous Washington Building, No. 1 Broadway, which extends from Broadwayto Greenwich Street The two remaining blocks of Battarg Place are filled with brick houses of low construction, whioh through v vnal changes have I n altered from high - lass dwellings into saloons, cigar stores and shelters for immigrants. The street is „ busy tin. rough fare, filled with a mixture of business men and newly arrived foreigners, and in summer with the crowds who patronize the Coney Island an. I Lone Uraneh boats, which land at the stone pier at the foot of the street. Trucking here is heavy, for merchandise passes this way en route for the steamers moored at the various piers. STATE STREET bounds the south side of Battery Park. This thoroughfare prettily deviates from the straight lino, and runs from the termination of Broadway at IWlin" Green down to the water, passing Bridge and l'earl Streets. The buddings arc old and BOWLING 580 GREEN AND THE PRODUCE EXCHANGE BUILDING. TIIK N] w mi DR0P0LI8

and low oeilod.and are conduotod with a view to catching tho favor of the marines. Here a.v ships' chandleries, and numberless uondesoripl ihops as catholic a-ortmcnt lu their „f goods as ls the country store, in these place* sailors roplouisli tlioJr Uaberdashery.and perhaps pick up then- trinkets to take to distant homes \.. a n„ shops is one celebrated tor .ts unique wares, Tins Is an animal store, w bore boosts of all kinds are bought rromtheships which bring thorn from foreign lands and sold to envus managers and Koologiool gardens all over the country, in the neighborhood of Pulton Market trucks QUod with meats and vegetables are noUooablo, but for the most part the traffic on the street is the portage of freight to and from bho ships The Qsh market, opposite Pulton Mforkot, it spot, a notable all the morkeHiousoB being afloat moored to the slip. South Stroot, although given over to unclean toil, has the charm of light and space, tor. besides being opon to the river, monj of the itreots which ftPProaoh it fr the west widen, where they terminate into open spi a commonly colled shps. [n its upper rooohos the street is malnlj devoted to storage warohousos, both bonded and free, and is devoid of small shops John Street runs from Broadwoj to Pearl Sti t, and is Oiled witb stores for sup- plying goods both wholesale and retail, it is m the jowolrj district, and that trade is therein represented, as as well many others. The sidowolks 01*0 filled with aotivc business men pursuing their ends with the dispatch not able In Imoriaan men of this class Noticeable on this street are the Anderson and Thorburn Buildings, and

the John Street Methodist Church f (the QrSl ho Methodism in I his count r\ | John Street, contained near Broadway the only theater New Sork had prior to L708 (JRKKXWK'H STREET. UNDER THE KI.KVATED RAILROAD The Btreet was named after John Korponding, a shoemaker, who gave ground for the

old Dutch < Iburch extends to which Trinity Place. In summer the street, is busj n ith the traffic incident Bdeung Blip terminates John street ami extends its generous width to the upon the arrival and departure BSasI of the Sandy Hook steamers Over Rector Streel is a River Conspicuous here are long 1 1 of drays with froight for foreign steamers, bridge connecting- the Sixth and Ninth Avenue elevated railroad lines awaiting opportunity to h.ad ami unload cargoes of cotton, etc, This industry brings Carlisle Street is of little importance, and runs two blocks west from Greenwich into many dock hands the neighborhood, and occasionally the wives and children of Street to the Hudson River. these men are seen in the street. On the corner Of Pearl Sti t is the New York Metal Albany Street is another unimportant street of two blocks, running from Green- Exchange, wich Street to the Hudson River. Kt 1 'Ton Stkekt runs entirely across the island, and is the only Btreet hclow Thir- Thames Street is an insignificant alley running west from Broadway. The build teenth Streel which rims through diree||\ from riser to river; it terminates at either ings in the first block are the sides of those fronting on Broadway. Trinity School is end in a large public market Prom Broadway to the North River it passes between St at the corner of Trinity Place. Paul's Churchyard and business buildings, the latter tilling the Btreet tO Washington Temple Street is a brief lane of little from importance, running Thames Street to Market, Bore the character olianges s twhat, and its interests center around the mar- Liberty Street. ket, Mast from Broadway the street curves toward the Kasl River, w ith a decided down South Street is the exterior street on the east side of Manhattan Island It grade; the Sidewalks are at all times filled with hurrying crowds of pedestrians, and extends from Whitehall Street along the East River to Corlears Street The ground it the road with trucks and Btreet ears, there being 0 double track for the latter from river occupies was once covered with water, and was filled in as recently as the begin to river, Business on the Btreet is both wholesale ami retail, ami supplies the wants ning of this century. The street is full of interest to the lounger, whether he !<• a of the trade as well as the dailj necessities which living demands. At Pearl Streel is tourist or a longshoreman. The haste and tension of P.n .adu a\ and contiguous streets the United States Hotel, one of the oldest liostelries in the city, and at W ater Streel is replaced by what seems an easy sloth; in reality, however, the crowds of men the str>ct widens generously into an open space filled with traffic from the forrj and leaning inanimately against, the buildings are longshoremen and dockmen awaiting business belonging to Fulton Market. PakirB1 carls and Jew peddlers' wagons make their turn at loading and unloading the countless vessels at the dorks. On the river the Btreet lively and interesting! Pulton Market is devoted to the sale of Qsh and side of the street are numberless objects of interest— ferry houses, steamships, colonics oysters, both wholesale and retail. It was built, in 1621, after a lire had cleared the of canal boats, dry docks, fish markets, and even a floating church for sailors. The square of buildings, Large buildings are the Downing, P niton, and Wilson buildings other side of the street is filled with buildings of low construction and ancient form, The Market and Pulton Bank is at the corner of Gold Street occupied by towing, steamship, and wrecking companies. Although a large foreign PlattStbebt, running from Pear] to William Streets, is a brief and narrow Btreet population lives near by. women and children are seldom seen on South Street, tie- of old three and four story buildings, which house such trade* as are concerned in sup entire place being given over to men and their occupations. The shops are small plying material to water companies. 389 THE STREETS OF MANHATTAN.

( \ is of Ryder's Alley. Opposite is the Excelsior Power Company. \w STREET runs from the intersection of Park How and Broadway fo Gold Street. impany at the corner Street. Street is in the leather district. il is narrow. Ki i Beekman Street to Frankfort Gold II widens and narrows, and between William and (Jold Streets extremely struc- Street, block long, from John Street to Fulton Street, is a convenient At its Broadwaj end Ann Street is dignified bj the toworing twenty four-story Dutch one trucks of firms on the adjacent streets. There is considerable business ture, tin' Sl Paul Building, but in its shadow congregates a motley crowd of peddlers highway for this little dark street in the way of small manufacturing. and street fakirs who are customers of the numerous peddlers' supply places. Toward done in long, from Liberty Street to Maiden Lane, is used by Gold Street arc various retail stores of a cheap class, in old, low buildings, LIBERTY PLACE, one block Bkkk.m \n Street runs from Park Row to the East River. Its interests are largely pedestrians as a short cut. long, concerned wilh the paper hade printers' materials, stoves and hardware Retail shops THEATER ALLEY matned from old Park Theater) is one block from Ann are numerOU8, and the men in the street are there for the BOle purpose, evidently, of Streei to Beekman Street, and is used for trucking to the back entrances of buildings

transacting businosa \t the lower end it passes bj Pulton Market, and Bsh dealers facing on Park Row. This is the center of one of the most interesting districts gather 11) this vicinity. The buildings on the street are old or semi modern, and lack MULBERRY BEND Park. — the qualifications which arc attractive to the casual observe! 1 On this street are the in the city. It is but a stone's throw from large business houses, and yet touches no local retail shops poor. .1 i, Motl ii"n Works, the Barstow Stove Company Beebe Furnaces, George Sturretl business interests save the purely ones connected with for the Stove Company, as well as others ol importance in the same line. Reek-man street The park is at all times crow (led with idle men of the poorest class, with a dispropor- was cut through the Reekinan farm. tionately small number of women and children. At one end is a large substantial Sl'Rl'CE STREET is a 8h()l'l street ol two blocks between the intersect ion of Park pavilion offering shelter from the weather, and on the walks are innumerable benches.

« ( spiked ROW and Nassau and odd Streets, and 18 dOVOted to the leather and printing busi- trass and shrubbery are protected with railings from the depredations of careless nesses. At the Park Row end are the immense buildings of the Amerioan Tract So- children. The people have an air of contented indolence, seemingly indifferent whether oioty and the Tribune The New ^ ork Ledger is on tin rner of William Street. employment is found or not, although many of them are awaiting the call of the PERRY STREET runs from Gold to Pearl Streets, emerging into Peck Slip at the padrone who owns them. They are almost exclusively foreigners unacquainted with

Bast River II is within the leather district known as Reek-man's Swamp, or simply the Fnglish language, mainly Italians, and Hebrews from Russia and Poland. This

The Swamp (so called because it was formerly swampy ground), and is the center small park, so thickly swarmed with foreigners, is of recent date, and is a great im- Of the leather trade; the business done here is leather belting, leather, and hides. provement over the notorious Mulberry Bend which formerly occupied this site. The # Although the street is narrow.it is rarcl} crowded, being devoid of those interests city, deciding that a breathing place was necessary in this overcrowded district, pur- H hich attract pedestrians chased the land and tore down the buildings at a cost of two million dollars, thus Peck Si ir is the continuation of Perry Street, and is one of the wide approaches wiping out one of the most poverty stricken and iniquitous spots on the face of the to the river which give ample space for hundreds of freight trucks. Several lines of earth. This was the first important step in what was intended to be the regeneration Sound steamers have their piers in this vicinity, and lill the street with business The of the entire East Side by establishing parks, rebuilding on sanitary plans, and abolish- buildings arc old, and used mainly as warehouses ing entirely the dreadful rear tenements where hide so much crime and disease.

Pr \ nki pi iri Street is little "used as a thoroughfare, except at the upper end, where Franklin Square is a small open space almost completely covered by the station it touches the crowded newspaper district It runs from Park Row to Franklin Square and tracks of the elevated road, and spanned by the approach to the Brooklyn Bridge. along the approach Brooklyn Bridge, its business interests are mainly leather and The neighborhood was once filled with fashionable residences, but these have now storage. Buildings for the latter use are constructed under the arches of the great disappeared, and tenements and manufactories stand in their places. Franklin Square " bridge. Frankfort Street, and the adjacent region know n as The Swamp," was re was known as St. George's Square prior to the Revolution. claimed from a marsh Jacobus Roosi velt, in iT.u, bought the land for two hundred New Bowery, runs from Pearl Street to the Bowery, and is a wide street occupied

built tanneries It is still pounds and the center of the leather trade; largely by furniture retailers, and through it runs the elevated road to Chatham Dover Street, a continuation of Frankfort Street, mi is three blocks from Franklin Square, where the New Bowery ends and becomes the Bowery. The sidewalks are Square to the Past River, and, being partly tilled with tenements, takes Oil the ap- piled with furniture of all kinds, thus displayed to attract possible customers. At its pearance of residence streets in the poor localities upper end is a Hebrew cemetery, small and ancient, which never fails to interest the is narrow ami Cliff Street irregular.and runs from John street north just beyond passer-by, w ho wonders how this bit of green remains undisturbed in so crowded a the Brooklyn Bridge, where it terminates abruptly in a r/i/(/c«ic Its interests are neighborhood. mainly Wholesale, w hich means utmost that the sobriety Of appearance prevails. The HAGUE Street consists of one narrow block, from Cliff to Pearl Streets, filled with buildings are old but substantial in appearance, and many well know n linns of the small tenements. furnace and stove trades are located at the south end. north of The end Cliff Street VaNDEWATEB STREET is short and narrow, running from Frankfort Street, under passes through The Swamp, at w hich point it is devoted to leather the trade. It also the approach of the Brooklyn Bridge, one long curved block to Pearl Street. It is in separates the buildings of Harper and Brothers1 publishing house. tli>' printing and publishing and ink manufacturing district and is at all times blocked •l.vron on,, Streei runs block, from Ferrj Street to Frankfort Streei The Purr with drays. Printing House is on the corner of Frankfort Street Rose Street runs parallel to Vande water Street, passing under the Brooklyn (Joi.n Stukkt extends from Maiden Ram' to Frankfort its Street Half length is Bridge from Frankfort Street to the intersection of New Chambers and Pearl Streets, very narrow, but at Pulton street it widens perceptibly The New York Telephone and its interests arc mostly concerned with printing and publishing. The publishing 590 MailiMin .- Avciiiii 1 1 < . t 1 - M ml i « n i Avenue Pierce Building, corner of Union ami Bast Kift)'-eighth Street Theological Seminary. Park AvtOUC Hid Irving Hudson und Franklin Bavinga [Sank, i liambi i- v Streets. .•six(> VL.V.A n linn Wail Bui .i,h,(|, si r , , i KtriM-t, helween \\ «i MrOWl k, rift) yonth Mi' 1 1.

way an

Street. STREET is a short, narrow street, passing through the Five Points district and I1OU808 Of Nonnan Munro and J. S. Ogilvie are hero. On flu- corner of Duane PARE Street. Its population is foreign and dense, and the streets are im.u occupied by the Rhinolandor Building:, stood an old sugar house, used as a prison merging into Motl live in the tenements and trade in the small shops by the British during the Revolution. filled with women and children who revolting of thorough beneath them. Baxter Street isal once > of the most picturesque and its Pi u. Street belongs exclusively to the Chinese, who have set their mark upon fares K extends from Park How north to Grand Street. It is noted for Jew of the balconies with lanterns, writings in clothes dealers, but one »f the mosi prominent features is the continuous line of ven- the exterior the buildings by decorating often characters, and flowers. The street is narrow, and at all times dors' carts which stand al the ourb on both sides of the way. These are pre- Chinese embroideries, tilled ith ho gather here from all parts of the city for enjoyment more sided <>ver by women, either Italians or Bebrews. The inconceivably dense popu- w Chinamen, w or less illegal. Pell Street was opened on the estate of the Pell family. The owner of lation of the district pours into tho street t<> do its marketing from these carts; Poverty Revolutionary and ignorance ore stamped as the tout ensemble of all tho people, who Beem, however, the ground —Captain Pell —joined the British in the War and his estate u as ei .nliseated to bear their lot without deep appreciation of its misery. Everything is vended which extends Sqiian- to Bleecker Street. At its lower ordinary folk buy at the market or tho dry-goods shop. All commodities not for M«>tt Street from Chatham end of sale in the wagons are supplied by tho Bhops along tho Btroet. The famous individuals it is one of the most important streets of the Chinese section. Some the buildings known us "pullers in " and "barkers ' flourish here, and lure customers from the are beautifully decorated after the manner in which people of this peculiar race ex- crowd to buj their "elegant " goods, Above the shops are tenements, w hose occupants press their aesthetic taste. It is interesting to observe the conversion of the ordinary add to the crowd on the Btreet Baxter Street hounds one side of Mulberry Mend Park, American building into a Chinese structure, merely by extraneous embellishment. and the buildings thereon are mostly disreputably filthy and old In ilns street is the Chinese Joss House. North of Bayard Street the tenements alter- Paradisic Park is a small paved triangle al Five Points, This district was long nate with wholesale furniture, cigar, and other businesses. The inhabitants are a known as one of the mosl iniquitous .spots on the globe, and was shunned by all respect - mixture of Italians and Irish. Mott Street ends at Bleecker Street, in which vicinity able persons and watched with anxiety by the police. At present all traces of its ancient arc many tenements and small stores. This street received its name from the Mott criminal appearance are wiped away, and the little park is surrounded by modern family. buildings erected by philanthropy for the moral and temporal benefit of the residents Doyers Street is a short semicircle which penetrates the heart of the Chinese col- of the neighborhood. Notable anion-.' these arc the Five Points House of Industry, the ony from Pell Street to the Bowery. It runs between low old buildings wherein are Five Points Mission, and an inlirinary. all sorts of Chinese shops, and is crowded with lounging Chinamen, many of whom

Mulberry Street starts from Park Row and extends t«. uicecker street, it is look as though just awakened from an opium sleep. Some of the residents of the

celebrated as the center of the Italian quarter in lower New York. It has been called crowded Italian quarter near by stray this way, and, with the visitors who come to see

Little Wall Street" on account of the I a rye number of Italian hanks and y Chinatown, w ho include all classes of people, many coming in carriages with guides, exchanges located there, which supposedly lake care of the savings of the foreign visiting all the places of interest and making purchases at the stores, presents prob- element, but, as has been proven sometimes, in a way not to the liking of the unlucky ably the most peculiar conglomeration of humanity to be seen in the world. A Chinese depositor its buildings are exclusively tenement houses of fair construction, but theater is one of the chief attractions. James Coogan, who succeeded Augustus W.

so overcrowded as to make this street almost revolting. Occasional glimpses through Peters as President of Manhattan borough upon the death of the latter, has planned ;i

i doorway on the Bidewalk show that the system of back tenements is not altogether widening of Pell Street, which will result in the obliteration of Doyers Street.

obliterated. Mulberry Sti t is thronged with people who traverse the street on busi- DIVISION STREET extends from the Bowery to Grand Street, parallel with Madison ness connected with their petty a Hairs, or who hum ire around the vendors' carts and and Henry Streets and East Broadway. At the lower end it is shaded by the elevated the open doorways. Children are seen everyw here in enormous numbers, seated on railroad, but this hardly seems to affect the business of the street, which is mainly the the sidewalks m circles playing games, or dancing in Crowds near a hand-organ. Eng- selling of suits, cloaks, and bonnets to any customer who can be persuaded to enter the lish is rarely heard spoken, Italian being the language of the street. Men. women, shops. The windows are gaudily dressed with buncombe imitations of Paris styles, and children, having homes of insutlicient proportions, overflow the buildings and and a " puller-in " attacks those who pass by with offers of cheap and stylish goods. seem literally to live in the street. The fire escapes, which the Fire Department insists Division Street millinery has long been celebrated among a certain class of people. are used upon, mainly for holding articles of clothing and household goods which refuse Division Street was so called because it was the dividing line between the Rutgers and to be accoi lated in the narrow quarters indoors. The famous Mulhcrrv Bend 18 Dclaneey farms. the in street curve the w here the park now oilers refreshment to the people. At Canal Chatham Square might he likened to a bulb, from which grows the Bowery. The Street the diameter of the street changes, and it becomes devoted to manufacturing smaller streets branching out from it furnish the various classes of people who fill and wholesale interests. Near Houston Street is Police Headquarters its wide way. The Italian quarters and Chinatown are within sight; saloons and runs Bai mud Street from Division to Baxter Streets, and is Billed with the lowest "barker" clothing stores abound. Three divisions of the elevated road meet here, Italians Ilehrews, ho daSS Of and w keep shops, sell from push-carts, live ill the tene ami the extended stations shade a large part of the district. The place is at all times ments, and idle all day in the streets. They are restless more than industrious, and one of great activity seem to have infinite tune for gossip. Here, as again, in all these poor residence streets, Pi » iskvklt Street extends from Park Row to South Street. In the upper part it is the number of neglected children seen is amazing and deplorable A conspicuous occupied mainly by tenements, the occupants of which, principally Irish and Italian, building on the street is the power house of the Third Avenue electric road. are seen on the streets at all times. Very little business is done, but the street is made B92

THE STREETS OF MANHATTAN.

to the Dutch, FOrt Amsterdam stood on this same site. It was an important post, and embraced the Governor's residence, a church, ami a garrison of three hundred soldiers. WHITNEY STREET is an L-shaped alley running into a nest of stables back of Bowl-

ine- ( i recn Row. BOWLING Green is a small oval park, the importance of which is reckoned more by its history and situation than by its size. Aristocratic it has been from the earliest days, and even now, when devoid of residents, the kind of business transacted around

it allows it to retain somewhat its original air of exclusiveness. The buildings on the south have already been described. On the east is the Produce Exchange, and on the west the Washington Building, u Inch is No. 1 Broadway. Adjoining this, on the north,

is the Bowling Green Building, which is said to contain the largest area of floor space of any office building in the country. Housed in these two huge buildings are the offices of great coal and iron and bridge-building concerns, who do business amounting to many millions a year. Firms who have large foreign dealings have established their ollices here. North of these two structures are old-fashioned brick buildings, including the Stevens House, on the corner of Morris Street, patronized by the better class of immigrants. After Dutch rule passed away Bowling Green was retained as the court end of the town by the Colonial government. Not only did fashion gather here, but the place was selected for the residence and headquarters of Lord Corn-

wallis, Lord Howe, and Sir Henry ( Ilinton. Talleyrand lived at No. 1 Broadway, and

Benedict Arnold occupied No. .">, while at No. 11 General Gates had his headquarters. Before the Revolution an equestrian statue of King George III occupied a position of importance on the little green, but this was destroyed when the city received news of the IVclaration of Independence. When Groton water was introduced into the city, in 1842, a fountain was constructed in Bowling Green, an effort on the part of the

city fathers to please the public with a new toy ; but. alas for their good intentions ! the fountain was much derided, and became a butt for wags. The park is at present HOUSES ON BEAVER STREET A CENTURY AGO. inclosed with an iron railing, and affords a lounging place for the idlers, whose num- ber is small in this busy locality. Although the statue of George III is gone, it has

- t and Pear] Streets, A little farther up, • the termination of the Btreet, is the large red been replaced by that of Abraham de Peyster, who was mayor in 1695, and who occu- building" of the Produce Exchange, which extends from Stone Street to Beaver Street pied many other positions important in the history of the city. The prospect from and faces partly on Bowling Green, The multifarious interests of the street naturally the park is more than ordinarily beautiful and interesting, for on one side can be

it classes ..f is bring to widely different | pic. brokers and speculators and other seen the Battery, with the bay beyond, and stretching to the north the busiest part moneyed men are QOtieeable near thi' Produce Exchange, army men make their way of the longest and one of the most important streets in the world, Broadway. down the street to the Army Building, and the crowd that is left either-disappears Pearl Street.—Although the lower part of the city is composed mainly of short within the cheap lodgings of the district, or hastens to the ferries or elevated roads streets, there begin at the Battery several longer ones, which run north for a consider- which here have their termini. Whitehall Street derived its name from the Govern- able distance. One of these is Pearl Street, which, commencing on the State Street ment House built by Peter Stuyvesant The English Colonial Governor Dongan side of Battery Park, crosses Whitehall, Broad, Wall, and all other streets running called it "The White Hall " when he had the house. from Broadway to the East River, farther north than the Brooklyn Bridge. In its

BowLiNd GREEN Row is the name used to designate the six houses which occupy beginning it is unimportant, the first block being occupied by low buildings of old the block between Whitehall and State Streets, and which form the southern boundary construction, one and two stories high, used mainly by carpenters, but a new building of Bowling Green. These houses were handsome old dwellings built of brick, which is in course of construction on the southeast corner of State Street. Pearl Street is in have been converted into steamship offices, and were formerly occupied by persons general narrow and winding, which peculiarity can be accounted for by remembering high m fashionable life Commodore Vanderbilt had his first New York residence in that it was originally a cow path. The boys who drove the cattle home when every- one of these houses. Before they were built the old Government House stood here. thing north of Wall Street was common pasture, must have been as desultory as most It was originally intended for the residence of George Washington, when President, boys who are sent on errands, for the ways they took were devious, and Pearl Street but, the capital being removed to Philadelphia, it was used instead by Governors Clin- makes an undulating half circle from Battery Park to Broadway, three blocks above ton and Jay. It was afterward the Custom House. The Government has again come City Hall Park. This street is entirely devoid of residences, and is narrow, so that in into possession of this and considerable adjacent property . and will erect a new Custom many places the elevated road nearly tills its width, darkening the street dismally, House in the near future. In the early days of the country, when New York belonged and the noise and dirt from the trains render it uncomfortable of passage. The build- 582 SCENE ON WEST STREET ALONG THE HUDSON RIVEE. IN FRONT OF PEXNS'H.n IMA ICAILUOAD PEEIQHT STATION8. .

IT A N

WASHINGTON STREET runs parallel with West Street from Bat- tery Place to Fourteenth Street. The blocks nearest Battery Park are tilled with old tenements harboring foreign residents, mostly

Syrians and Slavs. The street is untidy ; dirty children play about, seeming to prefer this unattractive neighborhood to the pleasant green of the park beyond. Women hang out of the windows, col- ored textiles ilutter from balconies, and the place has an air of con- tented squalor. From Dey Street to Warren Street is given over almost entirely to the wholesale fruit and vegetable trade; on the upper part are small retail stores which cater to the needs of resi- dents in the neighborhood. From Gansevoort Street to Fourteenth

Street it is a vegetable and fruit market. A handsome public school provides for the education of the children (almost entirely foreign)

of this district. Warehouses appear farther uptown ; the H. P. Camp- bell and Co. bonded and free warehouse is at Charlton Street. Greenwich Street, which extends from Battery Place to Ganse- voort Street, whatever may have been its original ambition, is now

condemned to obscurity by the elevated road which passes over it. Except where it passes the back of the Washington and Bowling Green buildings, it has no structures of importance in this, its lower end. A low class of foreigners are resident here. The machinery and boiler trade is represented from Cedar to Fulton Streets. Be- tween Fulton and Vesey Streets is a famous establishment—Smith and McNeil's hotel — which has entrances on Greenwich and Wash- ington Streets. Further north much is done in the fruit and vege- table trade, and there are a number of wholesale grocers and large dealers in canned goods. Greenwich Street, when laid out about 1748, was on the river front, and it was the way to Greenwich Vil- lage. Afterward the river front was filled in to make Washington and West Streets. Trinity Place runs from Morris Street to Liberty Street, and is another street detrimentally shaded by the elevated road. Busi- ness here is inactive, although some of the Broadway buildings have rear entrances on this street. One long block is occupied by the wall which bounds Trinity Churchyard. MORRIS Street extends from Broadway to the Hudson River. At the Broadway end it runs between fine buildings, but as it ap- proaches West Street is given over to tenements, and is filled with poor children and slovenly women.

Exchange Alley, an extension of Exchange Place, is a little slip between tall otlice buildings, and is used only by foot passengers.

Edgar Street is the shortest street in New York ; it is between Trinity Place and Greenwich Street. Like on Exchange Alley, in order to retain a foothold on the miniature sidewalk one must keep close to the buildings. Rector Street bounds Trinity Churchyard on the south, and ex- tends from Broadway to the North River. It is narrow, and given over to the unimportant business relating purely to that neighbor- hood, which is inhabited by poor families living in miserable tene- ments. On the cornei- of Broadway is the great Empire Building, • 'ft • Mi

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SECTION I. MAP OF MANHATTAN B0BOU6H. LNDKX To SECTION II, MAP OK MANHATTAN BORonill.

EAST RIVER FKOM THE JUNCTION OF PARK ROW AND NEW CHAMHERS STREET. I IT] M'S NOKTII 10 BAYAAD STREET PE01I JOHU BTREET AND EABT TO THE

north to Rleeeker Batevia Street, from Roosovell Street northeast to James Street. 'Moll Street, from Chatham Square Street. 1 from Stru t. "Baxter Street, from Park Row north to Grand street. Mulberry Street, Park Row north to Bleecker Streel. " Bayard Street, from Forsyth Street weal to Baxter Street. Monro, Street, from Catharine Street northeast to Grand N'i * Heck man Street, from Park Row southeast to the East River. u Bowery, from Pearl Street north to Chatham Square. Birmingham Street, from Henrj Street southeast to Madison Street, between Market •New Chambers Street, from Park Row east to Cherr.v Street. mill Pike Streets. Oak Street, from New Hower.v northeast to Catharine Street.

' Bowery, from Chatham Square north to Seventh Street. Oliver Street, from New Bowery southeast to the Fast River. "Burling slip, from Pearl Street southeast to the Blast River. "Park Row. from Broadway and Ann Street northeast to Chatham Square. Oalharine Slip, from Cherry Si reel southeast to the Fast River. *Park Street, from Centre Street northeast to Mott Street. Catharine Street, from Division Street southeast to Chens Street. "Pearl Street, from State Street norlheast. northwest and west to Broadway.

"Clill" Street, from John Street northeast to HfagUO Street. Peek Slip, from Water Street southeast to the Fast River. "Clinton Street, from Easi Houston Sinet south and southeast to the Easl River. Pelham Street, from Monroe Street southeast to Cherry Street, between Pike and Rut- Chatham Square, at intersection of Park Row and the Bowery. gers Streets. "Cherry Street, from Franklin Square northeast to East Street. Pell Street, from the Bower> wesl to Mott Street. Chestnut Street, from Madison Street southeast to Oak Street, between Pearl and "Pike Street, from Division Street southeast to Cherry Street. Roosevelt Streets. Pike Slip, from Cherry Street southeast to the Fast River. OhryStie Street, from Division Street north to Must Houston Street. Roosevelt Street, from Park Row southeast to the Fast River. •Division Street, from Catharine Si reel northeast to Grand Street. Rose Street, from Frankfort Street norlheast to New Chandlers Street.

Dovi r Street, from Franklin Square Bouthoasl to tin East River. •Rutgers Street, from East Broadway southeast to Cherry Street.

Do.ver Sin i I. from the Hower.v northwest to Pell Street. Rutgers Slip, from Cherry Street southeast to the East River. "East Broadway, from Chatham Square northeast to Grand Street. "South Street, from Whitehall Street along the East River northeast to Corlears Ferry Street, from Gold Street southeast to Pearl Street. Street. Franklin Square (Pearl Street), between Perry and Frankfort Streets. Vundewater Street, from Frankfort Street northeast to Pearl Street. •Frankfort Street, from Park Row southeast to Pearl Street. "Water Street, from Whitehall Street northeast to East Street. * Front Street, from Whitehall Streel northeast to Ro08evel1 Street. "William Street, from Hanover Square northeast to Pearl Street. "Fulton Street, from the Eas1 River northwest and west to the Hudson River. "Worth Street, from Hudson Street east to Chatham Square. Hague Street, from Clill Street norlheast to Pearl Street. Hamilton Streel, from Catharine Street northeast to Market Street. "Henry Street, from Oliver Street northeast to Grand Street. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ON MAP. Jaeoh Street, from Ferry Street north I" Frankfort Street.

James Street, from Park Row southeast to Cherr.v Street. Fulton Market, Fulton Street, between South and Front Streets. James Slip, from Cherry Street southeast to the Fast River. Poliee (iazette Building. Pearl Streel corner of Dover Street. street, Jefferson from Division Streel southeast to the Fast River. Harper and Brothers. Pearl Street, between Ferry and Frankfort Streets. •Madison Street, from Pearl Street northeast to Grand Street. Grammar School No. 1, corner Henry and Oliver Streets. Market Street, from Division Street southeast to Chens Street. Mariners' Temple, Oliver Street, between Henry Street and East Broadway. Market Slip, from Cherr.v Streel southeast to the Fast River. Five Points House of Industry, Worth Street, between Baxter and Centre Streets. Alley, Mechanics from Monroe Street southeast to Cherry Street, between Market and M. An ley Mission, Water Street, between Dover and Roosevelt Streets. Pike Streets. United States Hotel, Water Street corner of Fulton Street.

• entire in tins Not leotion; for other sections in whioh the Btreet occurs, see index of each section.

—

[NDEX TO SECTION III, MAI' OF MANHATTAN BOROUGH. ROW AND NEW CHAMHBES STREET EXTENDS WOBTB TO I'KANKl.lN stick it PROM LIBERTY STREET \NI> WEST PROM THE JUNCTION OP PAEE TO THE HUDSON III V EK.

Broadway and Ann Street northeast to Chatham Square. Ann Street, from Broadway chh! I" Cold Si reel. •Park Row, from Park Place, from Broadway west to the Hudson River. Barclay Street from Broadway west to the Hudson River. Street, from Centre Streel northeast to Mott Strict. •Baxter Street, from Park Row north i<« Grand Street •Park Street, from Stale Street northeast, northwest and west to Broadway. *Bayard Street, from Forsyth Street wesl to Baxter Street. •Pearl Pearl Street. *Beach Street, from Wesl Broadway Bouthwesl to the Hudson River. Platl Streel. from William Street southeast to Street, from Centre Street west to the Hudson River. *Beekman Street, from Park Row southeast to the East River. Rende Place. ReiiKOP Place, from north, between Broadway and Elm Street. Republican Alley, from Elm Street to Manhattan from Cold Fulton •Broadway, from Bowling Green north to Spuyten Duyvil. Ryders Alley, an L to Streets. Streel. southeast to Gold Street. Caroline Street, from limine Slreel Qorth tO Jaj Street. Spruce from Park Row Catharine Alley, from Broadway to Kim Street, between Worth and Leonard Streets. Staple Street, from northwest to Harrison Street. "Centre Slreel, from Park Row north I" Broome Slreel. Theater Alley, from Ann Street to Beekraan Street, between Park Row and Nassau Chambers Street, from I'nrk Row west i" the Hudson River. Street. #Ohurch Street, from Liberty Slreel mirth to Canal Street. Thomas Street, from Broadway west to Hudson Street.

City Hall l'laee. from Cliamliers Street northeast !<• Pearl Street. Trimble Place, from Duane Street to Thomas Street, between Broadway and Church *Cliff Street, from John Street northeast lo Ilafjue Street. Street. Cortland! Street, from Broadway west lo the Hudson River. TryOU Row. between Park Row and Centre Street. De\ Street, from Broadway west to the Hudson River. Vesey Street, from Broadway west to the Hudson River.

Dunne Street, from Rose Street northwest and west to the Hudson River. Warren Street, from Broadway west to the Hudson River. Duteh Street, from John Street north to Fulton Slreel. •Washington Street, from Battery Place northwest to West Fourteenth Street. *Elm Street, from Chambers Street north lo Croat Jones Sheet. *\Yest Broadway, from Vcsey Street north to Washington Square. •Frankfort Street, from Park Row southeast to Pearl Street. •West Street, from Batterj Place northwest along; the Hudson River to Gansevoort Franklin Street, from Baxter Street west and southwest to the Hudson River. St reel. *FultOH Street, from the Easl River northwest and wesl to the Hudson River. 'William Street, from Hanover Square northeast to Pearl Street. •Gold Slreel. from Maiden Lane northeast to Frankfort Street. •Worth Street, from Hudson Street east to Chatham Square. "Greenwich Street, from Battery l'laee northwest to Cansevoort Street. Harrison Street, from Hudson Street southwest t,, the Hudson River. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ON MAP *JIudson Street, from Chandlers Street northwest to West Fourteenth Street Jay Si reel, from Hudson Slreel southwest to the Hudson River. National Shoe and Leather Bank Building; (13 stories), Broadway corner of Chambers

Join, Street, from Broadway southeast to Pearl Street. Si reet. r Leonard Street, from Hudson Street i<> 2'2'-'> easl Baxter Street. Dun Building; (l. » storic foot), Broadway corner of Readc Street. *Liber|g Street, from west Maiden Ll fco the Hudson River. Washington Life Building (19 stories— 273 foot), Broadway corner of Liberty Street. Liberty l'laee, from Liberty Streel to Maiden Lam-, between Broadway and Nassau. Graham Building (12 stories). Church Street corner of Duane Street. •Maiden Lane, from Broadway Southeast to River. the East Oushman Building ( 12 stories), No. 174 Broadway corner of Maiden Lane. Mail Streel. from Broadway to I'nrk Row. between the Post OHiee and City ILdl Park. Gill Building; stories). Maiden Lane, between Broadway and Nassau Street. Manhattan l'laee. from Rondo Street to Republican Alley. ; (Chatham National Bank). Broadway corner of John Street. Mission from Place, Park Streel to Worth Sired, between Baxter and Centre Streets. Mutual Reserve Fund Life Building (14 stories), Broadway corner of Duane Street.

Murray Street, from Broadway west t,, the Hudson River. Postal Telegraph Building; (l-*{ stories). Broadway corner of Murray Street. 'Nassau Street, from Wall Street north to Sprnee Street. Home Life Building; (Hi stories), Broadway, between Murra\ and Warren Streets. •New Chambers Street, from Park Row east to Cherry Street. Liberty National Bank, corner of Liberty and West Streets. 'N'orth Moore Streel, from southwest to the Hudson River. Potter Budding; (12 stories). Park Row corner of Beekman Street- North William from Frankfort Street, Streel north to Park Row. New York Mercantile Exchange, corner of Hudson and Harrison Streets

* Not tins entire in section foi othoi sections in which the street occurs, see index oi each section SECTION VII, BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN. INDEX TO SECTION VIII, MAI' OF MANHATTAN BOROUGH.

stkkhts, AND BAST and WEST FROM FIRST AVENUE TO SIXTH AVENUE. EXTENDS JfOBTH TO BAST and WEST FOURTEENTH BTB BETS fw.m WS3W and iu,.:., ki.k

from Jones Alley north, crossing Great Jones Street between Elm i* Shinbone Alley, AjBtor Place, i~ 1 1 » Broadway northeast to Third Avenue. Street and Broadway. Baseford Alley, from Fast Eleventh Streel to East Twelfth Street, between Second "Sixth Avenue, from Minetta Lane north to Fifty-ninth Street. iiikI Third Avenues. Stable Cut, an L from the Bowery west between East Fourth Street and Astor Place. •Bleecker Street, from the Bowery weal and northwest to Bank Street. *St. Mark's Place, Fast Eighth Street, between Third Avenue and Avenue A. Broadway eSBt to Bowery. Hon. I Street, from the from Third Avenue northeast to Second Avenue. •Bowery, from Chatham Square uortb i" East Seventh Street. Stuyvesanl Street, St n et, from Canal Street north to West Third Street. •Broadway, from Bowling Green north to Spuyteu Duyvil. •Sullivan Fast Seventh Street north to the Harlem River and continues 'Downing Street, from Varick Street northeast to Bleecker Street. Third Avenue, from

« in Bronx borough. 1 * •East Third Street, from the Bowery east to 1 - East River. Canal Street north to Washington Square. •East Fourth Street, from Broadway east to the East River. "Thompson Street, from

I Place, from Place, between East Eleventh and Twelfth Streets. *Eas1 Fifth Street, from the Bowery east to lli" Fast River. nion an L University to Fourteenth Street. *East Sixtli Street, from the Bower.v east to the Bast River. University Place, from Washington Square north Place, Washington *Kn>t Seventh Street, from Third Avenue eael to the East River. Washington Slews, from Fifth Avenue to University between •East Eighth Street, from Fifth Aveni ast to the East River. Square and Fast Eighth Street. •East Xinih Street, from Fifth Avenue east to the East River. Washington Place, from Broadway west to Washington Square. •Easl Tenth Street, from Fifth Avenue east to the East River, Washington Square North "East Eleventh Street, from Fifth Avenue east to the East River. Washington Square Fast The Boundaries of Washington Square. *East Twelfth Street, from Fifth Avenue cast to the East River. Washington Square South •East Thirteenth Street, from Fifth Avenue east to the Eas1 River. Washington Square West *East Fourteenth Streel. from Fifth Avenue 0B8t to the Fast River. •Waverley Place, from Broadway west to Christopher Street. *Elm Street, from Chambers Street north to (ireat .lone-. Street. ' West Washington Place, from Washington Square west to Grove Street. F.xfra IMaee, from First Street north, hetwecil the Bowery Qlld Second Avenue •West Broadway, from Vesey Street north to Washington Square. Fifth Avenue, from Washington Square north to One Hundred ami Forty-sec. ml Wesl Third Street, from Broadway west to Sixth Avenue. Street ami the Harlem River. "West Fourth Street, from Broadway west and northwest to West Thirteenth Street. •First Avenue, from Fast Houston Street north to East One Hundred and Twonty- West Eighth Street, from Fifth Avenue west to Sixth Avenue. seventh Street. West Ninth Street, from Fifth Avenue west to Sixth Avenue. * First Street, from the Bower.v east to Avenue A. •West Tenth Street, from Fifth Avenue west and southwest to the Hudson River. *Foiirth Avenue, from the Bowery at Fifth Street northwest and north to Fast Thirty- West Eleventh Street, from Fifth Avenue west and southwest to the Hudson River. fourth Street. 'Wist Twelfth Street, from Fifth Avenue west and southwest to the Hudson River.

Great Jones Street, from Broadway cast to I he Bowery. •West Thirteenth Street, from Fifth Avenue west to the Hudson River. •Greene Street, from Canal Street north to East Eighth Street. *West Fourteenth Street, from Fifth Avenue west to the Hudson River. Hall Place, from East Sixth Street to East Seventh Street, between the Bowery and *Wooster Street, from Canal Street north to West Fourth Street. Second Avenue. *IIaneoek Street, from West Houston Streel north to Bleecker Streel LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ON MAP. Jones Alley, an L from Bleecker Street to Shinbone Alley.

Lafayette Place, from (ireat Jones Street north to Astor Place. St. Denis Hotel. Broadway corner of East Eleventh Street. Maedouyal Alley, from Maedougal Strict east, between Washington Square and West New York Historical Society, Second Avenue corner of Fast Eleventh Street. Eighth Street. Scond Avenue Baptist Chureh, between East Tenth and East Eleventh Streets. •Maedougal Street, from Spring Street north to West Eighth Street. Ton\ Paster's, East Fourteenth Street, in Tammany Hall Building. ' .Mercer Street, from Canal Sired north to Fast Eighth Street. Tammany Ball, Fast Fourteenth Street, between Irving Place and Third Avenue. Minettn Lane, from Maedougal Street north to Sixth Avenue. New York Eye and Far Infirmary, Second Avenue corner of East Thirteenth Street. Street, Minettn from Bleecker Street to Minetto Lane, between Maedougal and Car American Bonk Company and University of the City of New York (Law Department) mine Streets. (11 stories), corner ,.f Washington Square and Waverley Place. Fast •Second Avenue, from Houston Street north to Fast One Hundred and Twenty- Dry Dock Savings Bank, Bowery corner of East Third Street. ninth Street. D. Appleton and Company, Fifth Avenue corner of West Thirteenth Street. 'Second Street, from the to |) Bowery east Avenue First Presbyterian Church. Fifth Avenue, between West Eleventh and Twelfth Streets

• Not entire in tins sect ion for sections . other m winch the street occurs. index of each section. \. « Him InQraitn American Boob < omptnjTi si Denia Hotel. 8ocond \> liijiimt Chun' TOO] i iinuiiitnv fork tm hu Itulnr • Hull

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SECTION VIII, BOROUGH OF MAJTHATTAN. INDKX TO SECTION IX, MAT OF MANHATTAN BOROUGH.

ST It 10 JOT, AND 10 AST \NI> WEST FROM SIXTH AVENUE EXTENDS i'kom ST. John's pakk and iviost iioiston stkkiot noiitji to WKST FOUKTKKNTH to TUB HUJ iO N BIVEB.

Avenue, from Greenwich Avenue north to Fifty-Ninth Street. Abingdon Squore, at intersect ion of Hudson Street and Eighth Avenue. •Seventh Sheridan Square, at intersection of West Washington Place and West. Fourth Street. Bank Street, from Greenwich Avenue Bouthwesl to the Hudson River. Avenue, from Minetta Lane north to Fifty-ninth Street. Barrow Street, Crom Weal Fourth Street Bouthwesl to the Hudson River. "Sixth Avenue, from (Jansevoort Street north to Fifty-ninth Street "Bedford Street, from Weal Houston Street northwest to Christopher street. •Tenth Thirteenth Avenue, from Gansevoort. Street northwest to West Thirty-second Street. Bethuno Street, from Hudson Street Bouthwesl to the Hudson River. Place northwest to Fourteenth Street. *Blee.-ker Street, from the Bowery west and northwest to Hunk Street. •Washington Street, from Battery west and northwest to Bank Street. Bloomfield Street, from Tenth Avenue southwest to the Hudson River. •Waverley Place, from Broadway Street, from Christopher Street northwest to West Tenth Street, between •Carmine Street, fr Varick Street northeast to Minetta Lane. Wcehawken Washington and West Streets. 1 Charles ( Iharlea Lane, from Washington Street southwest to the 1 udson River, between northwest to Gansevoort Street. and Perry Streets. *West Street, from Battery Place west drove Street. Charles Street, from Greenwich Avenue southwest to the Hudson River. •West Washington Place, from Washington Square to to Street. Christopher Street, from Greenwich Avenue southwest to the Hudson River. •West Fourth Street, from Broadway west and northwest West Thirteenth Commerce Street, from Bleeeker Street southwest and northwest to Barrow Street. •West Tenth Street, from Fifth Avenue west and southwest to the Hudson River. Cornelia Street, from Sixth Avenue southwest to Bleeeker Street. *West Flevcnth Street, from Fifth Avenue west and southwest to the Hudson River. "Eighth AvenUO, from Hudson Street north to One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Street 'West Twelfth Street, from Fifth Avenue west and southwest to the Hudson River. Gansevoort Street, from Thirteenth Street Bouthwesl to the Hudson River. "West Thirteenth Street, from Fifth Avenue west to the Hudson River. (Jay Street, from Waverley Plaoe north to Christopher Street, between Sixth Avenue *West Fourteenth Street, from Fifth Avenue west to the Hudson River. and Waverley Place. Greenwich Avenue, from Sixth Avenue northwest to Eighth Avenue. •Greenwich Street, from Battery Place northwest to (Jansevoort Street. LIST OF [ILLUSTRATIONS ON MAP (J rove Street, from Hudson Street QOrtllOaBt to Waverley PlaCO. Horatio Street, from Greenwich Avenue Bouthwesl to the Hudson River. Oyster Market. West Street, foot of Charles Street.

'Hudson St root, from Chambers Street northwest to West Fourteenth Street, at Ninth Christopher Street Ferry to Iloboken, N. J., West Street, foot of Christopher Street. Avenue. Ninth Precinct Police Station, Charles Street, between Greenwich and Washington

Jackson Square, at Thirteenth St net and Eighth Avenue. Streets. Jane Street, from (Jrcenwich Avenue southwest to the Hudson River. New Fork County National Bank. Fighth Avenue corner of West Fourteenth Street. Jones Street, from West Fourth Street southwest to Bleeeker Street. Salvation Army Headquarters, West Fourteenth Street, between Sixth and Seventh * Lcroy Street, from Bleeeker Street southwest to the Hudson River. Avenues.

Little West Twelfth Street, from Hudson Street (V08t to the Hudson River. \'ew York Savings Rank, Eighth Avenue corner of West Fourteenth Street. Milligan Place, from Tenth Street northwest between (Jrcenwich and Sixth Avenues. Jefferson Market and Jefferson Market Court House, Sixth Avenue, between Green- * Morton Street, from Bleeeker Street southwest to the Hudson River. wich Avenue and West Tenth Street. •Ninth Avenue, from Gansevoort Street north to Fifty-ninth Street. Central Metropolitan Temple, Seventh Avenue, between West Thirteenth and West Patchin Place, from Sixth Avenue west between Tenth and Eleventh Streets Fourteenth Streets. Perry Street, from (Jrcenwich Avenue southwest to the Hudson River. Public School No. 3, corner of Hudson and Grove Streets.

• Not entire in this section; for other sections in v oh the street occurs, see index of each section SECTION XI, BOBOTTGH OF MANHATTAN. SOME OF THE IMPORTANT PLACES LEFT OFF SECTION XI OF MAP FOR WANT OF SPACE

Berkeley School, Wot Forty-fourth Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. Board of Education Building, Park Avenue corner of Fifty-ninth Street. Century Association, West Forty-third Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. College of Physicians and Surgeons, West Fifty-ninth Street, between Columbus and Amsterdam Avenues.

Colonial Club. Boulevard ( Upper Broadway) corner of We-t Seventy-seeond Street. De La Salle Institute, Central Park South, between Sixth and Seventh Avenues. Democratic Club, Fifth Avenue, between East Forty-ninth and East Fiftieth Streets. Dramatic Mirror, Broadway corner of West Fortieth Street. Fidelio Club. East Fifty-ninth Street, between Park and Lexington Avenues. Franklin Savings Bank, Eighth Avenue corner of We-t Forty-second Street. Harmonic Club, West Forty-second Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. Harvard Club, West Forty-fourth Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. Home Bank, West Forty-second Street, between Eighth and Ninth Avenues. Motel Metropole, Broadway corner of West Forty-second Street. Liederkranz Club, East Fifty-eighth Street, between Park and Lexington Avenues. Maennerehor Hall. East Fifty-sixth St reet, between Second and Third Avenues. Mendelssohn Hall, West Fortieth Street, between Sixth Avenue and Broadway. Pabst Building, West Forty-second Street and Broadway. Racquet and Tennis Club, West Forty-third Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. Biding Club, East Fifty-eighth Street, bcetween Fifth and Madison Avenues. St. Nicholas Club, West Forty-fourth Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. Tennis Club, West Forty-first Street, between Seventh and Eighth Avenues. Turn-Verein Halle, West Fifty-fourth Street, between Eighth and Ninth Avenues.

Victoria ( Hammerstein's) Theater, Seventh Avenue and West Forty-second Street. Volunteer Firemen's Association, East Fifty-ninth Street, between Lexington and Third Avnues. Young Men's Christian Association, West Side and Boys' Branch, West Fifty-seventh Street, between Eighth and Ninth Avenues.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ON MAP.

Durland's Biding Academy, West Sixtieth Street, between Central Park West and tin Boulevard (Upper Broadway). Metropolitan Opera House, Broadway corner of West Fortieth Street. Bar Association of New York, West Forty-fourth Street, between Fifth and Sixth A venues. Fire Department Headquarters, East Sixty-seventh Street, between Lexington and Third Avenues. C, atral Opera House. East Sixty-seventh Street, between Second and Third Avenues. Baron de Hirsch Trade School, East Sixty-fourth Street, between Second and Third Avenues. New York Athletic Club, corner of Sixth Avenue and Central Park South. Grand Central Palace, Lexington Avenue, between East Forty-third and East Forty- fourth Streets. Hotel Marie Antoinette, corner of West Sixty-sixth Street and the Boulevard (Upper STATUE OF COLUMBUS IN CENTRAL PARK. Broadway). Sl-XTloN XII, I50Kor«;n OF MANHATTAN. STATUE, DANIEL WEBSTER, CENTRAL PARK.

LIST ( IF ILLUSTRATIONS ON .MAI'.

Miss Ely's Boarding School for Girls, Riverside Drive, between West Eighty-fifth and West Eighty-sixth Streets. All An-. Is* P. E. Church, corner of West Eighty-first Street and West End Avenue. Wellesley Apartments, West End Avenue, between West Eighty-first and West Eighty- second Street-. St. Agnes I". I-:. Church. West Ninety-second Street, between Columbus and Am- sterdam Avenues. Bereaford Apartment Hotel, Central Park, west corner of West Eighty-first Street. Cascade-Livingston Apartments, Central Park West. Freund8chafl Club. East Seventy-second Street, lietween Park and Lexington Avenues. Hotel St. Andrew, corner of Seventy-second Tin: LAKE AT SEVENTY-SECOND West Street and the Boulevard (Upper STREET, CENTRAL PARK Broadway). •1 1 ?f J I

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SECTION MIL BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN. XTENI)S F0UR ^nwiSSS ? NORTH PROM ONE a^SSSENTIETH STREET, BETWEEN FIFTH AM) AVENUES MADISON

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ON MAP.

•Mount Morris Hank, corner of East One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street and Park Avenue. Twelfth Ward Bank, corner of East One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street and Lex- mgton Avenue. Harlem our, ( Eouse, comer of East One Hundred and Twenty-first Street and Sylvan Place. Empire Oity Savings Bank, West One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street, between Seventh and Eighth Avenues. Harlem Opera House, West One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street, between Seventh and Eighth Avenues. Holy Trinity P. E Church, corner of West One Hundred and Twenty-second Street and Seventh Avenue. Columbia Boathouse, Hudson River, foot of One Hundred and Fifteenth Street. Hamdton _Bank, Weal One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street, between Seventh and Eighth Avenues. See.u,,] Church) corner Qf ^ t th Street and Lenox Avenue. Holy Trinity P, B « DDK

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SKCTION XIV, HOKOTOH OF MANHATTAN. IN TUB HARLEM RIVER AT THE FOOT OP UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS, BRONX mutonill ; INW'oon AND MAUBLK HILL THE DISTANCE,

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