Transportation System and Performance 3 The Multimodal Transportation System—Its Use and Performance The transportation system includes all of the facilities and services that enable people to travel, ship goods, and provide services. This chapter inventories all modes found in Cambria County: • highways, bridges and traffic signals and signs – see page 20 for highways, page 41 for bridges, and page 48 for signals and signs • public transportation services – see page 50 • air travel facilities and services – see page 58 • rail infrastructure and services for freight and passengers – see page 61 • facilities for bicyclists and pedestrians – see page 64. More importantly, the chapter discusses the use, condition, and performance of these facilities and services as PennDOT and the County increasingly manage maintenance and improvement funds based on these metrics. Cambria County Long Range Transportation Plan, 2015-2040 19 Transportation System and Performance 3 Highway Network: Classifications and Volumes Summary Statistics Of the 1,700 linear miles of roadway in Cambria County, roughly 60 percent of roads in this area are locally owned by municipalities, but state-owned roads carry 88 percent of all traffic. See Table 3-1. Table 3-1: 2013 Mileage by Jurisdiction OTHER TOLL LOCAL TOTAL GEOGRAPHY PENNDOT TURNPIKE AGENCIES BRIDGE MUNICIPAL MILES Cambria County 672.70 24 - - 1,033 1,729 DVMT 2,272,814 61,029 - - 327,225 2,661,068 Pennsylvania 39,787 1,580 551 11 78,008 119,936 DVMT 202,391,130 4,018,939 15,835,979 521,365 47,446,221 270,213,634 Highway Classifications and their Value for Planning The Federal-Aid System The Federal-Aid Highway System includes the Interstate Highway System as well as primary highways and principal secondary and feeder routes—including farm-to-market roads, rural mail and public school bus routes, local rural roads, county and township roads, roads of the county, road class, and their urban extensions. These highways are selected by PennDOT and local officials and subject to approval by the Federal Highway Administration and are eligible for financial assistance for their construction, maintenance, and operations through the Federal- Aid Highway Program. The Federal-Aid System in the County includes all National Highway System (NHS) highways plus portions of several state and local highways totaling more than 447 state-owned miles and 25.9 locally-owned miles. See Table 3-2. Total mileage of the Federal-Aid System has not changed over the past five years. Table 3-2: Federal Aid System, 2013 FEDERAL AID LINEAR MILES COUNTY STATE-OWNED LOCAL-OWNED TOTAL Cambria County 445 26 471 Pennsylvania 24,203 3,357 27,560 Turnpike (statewide) 551 Toll Bridges (statewide) 9 Pennsylvania Grand Total 28,120 Source: PennDOT Cambria County Long Range Transportation Plan, 2015-2040 20 Transportation System and Performance 3 The National Highway System Figure 3-1: National Highway System and Federal Aid The National Highway System is a network of System strategic highways approved by Congress in the National Highway Designation Act of 1995. The National Highway System includes the Interstate System, the Strategic Highway Network, and highways serving major airports, ports, rail or truck terminals, railway stations, pipeline terminals, and other strategic transport facilities. The National Highway System receives dedicated funding that cannot be used on non-NHS highways. Elements of the National Highway System within the County include US 22, US 219, US 422, and PA 56, and portions of PA 271 totaling 126 miles. See Figure 3-1 and Table 3-3. Over the past five years, there has been no significant change in total mileage of the NHS in the region. National Highway System Federal Aid System Source: PennDOT Truck traffic traversing through the County primarily utilizes National Highway System highways, as shown by the truck traffic percentages for major highways beginning on page 30. Table 3-3: Mileage and DVMT Travel Demand of the National Highway System, 2013 LINEAR MILES TOTAL STATE TURNPIKE TOLL LOCAL LINEAR DVMT BRIDGE MILES Cambria County 112 - - 1 113 1,277,718 Pennsylvania 6,413 551 9 238 7,210 142,057,916 Source: PennDOT Functional Classification Roadways perform two functions: providing traffic mobility (i.e., through travel) and providing land access (i.e., to property). They can be grouped or ranked in terms of the proportion of mobility vs. access they provide—a concept known as highway functional classification. The Federal Highway Administration, PennDOT and Cambria County use functional classification in determining eligibility for funding under the Federal-aid program. The Federal Highway Administration prescribes three functional classifications with various sub-classifications and determines the classification of each state- and locally-owned highway by segment. Arterials are highways that connect, as directly as practicable, the nation’s principal urbanized areas, cities, and industrial centers; serve the national defense; and connect at suitable border Cambria County Long Range Transportation Plan, 2015-2040 21 Transportation System and Performance 3 points with routes of continental importance. All arterials are eligible for Federal-Aid funding. Arterials are sub-classified into four groups: • Interstates are the highest classification of arterial roads characterized by divided, directional lanes offering the highest level of mobility, at the highest speed, for long uninterrupted distances. There are no interstates in Cambria County. • Other Freeways and Expressways often but not always have divided directional travel lanes and access limited to grade-separated interchanges or a very few at-grade intersections. Portions of US 22 and US 219 and PA 56, the Johnstown Expressway, are classified as other freeways/expressways. • Other Principal Arterials provide high mobility in urban areas and between rural centers. They may be limited access or provide direct access to abutting lands. Remaining portions of the US routes and many PA 2- and 3-digit routes in Cambria County are principal arterials. • Minor arterials typically interconnect other arterials and collectors for long-distance trips. In Cambria County, these include about a dozen 2-, 3- and 4-digit state routes. Collectors provide land access service and traffic circulation within As federal and state transportation residential neighborhoods, commercial and industrial areas, and agencies continue to move toward a downtown city centers. Collectors connect local roads and streets performance-based management with arterials and provide less mobility than arterials, at lower speeds approach, they may also measure, and for shorter distances. They may be sub-classified as major develop benchmarks, and set collectors in higher density developed areas and minor collectors in performance targets by functional classification. lower density developed areas. Major collectors are eligible for Federal-Aid funding; minor collectors are not. Source: Highway Functional Classification Concepts, Criteria and Procedures for Locals are roads and streets that provide the highest level of access to Statewide Transportation Planning. abutting land but limited mobility for distance. In functional classification, “local” indicates the facility’s function, not its ownership. All highways not classified as arterials or collectors are deemed locals. Locals are not eligible for Federal-Aid funding. PennDOT posts highway network maps of functional classification by county on the Bureau of Planning and Research webpage here. Highway mileage by classification is shown in Table 3-4. Table 3-4: Mileage by Functional Classification of Highways FEDERAL AID LINEAR MILES NON FEDERAL AID TOTAL OTHER OTHER LINEAR MILES COUNTY INTER- MINOR MAJOR LINEAR FRWY/ PRINC MINOR STATE ARTER COLL LOCAL MILES EXPWY ARTER COLL Cambria County - 38 74 107 251 132 1,127 1,729 Percent 2.2% 4.3% 6.2% 14.5% 7.7% 65.1% 100.0% Pennsylvania 1,856 858 4,409 8,496 12,592 7,255 84,470 119,936 Source: PennDOT Cambria County Long Range Transportation Plan, 2015-2040 22 Transportation System and Performance 3 Highway Travel by Functional Classification Traffic volumes are nearly evenly distributed across the four highest classifications found in the County. Other principal arterials carry the largest percentage (24.2 percent) of daily vehicle- miles traveled (DVMT) followed closely by freeways/expressways at 23.6 percent. Major collectors rank a close third, carrying 20.1 percent of total traffic. These Federal-Aid eligible highways total 27.2 percent of the network and carry 83.5 percent of its traffic. Minor collectors and locals total 72.8 percent in length and carry 16.5 percent of total traffic. See Table 3-5. Table 3-5: Travel by Functional Classification of Highways NON FEDERAL AID FEDERAL AID DVMT DVMT TOTAL OTHER OTHER INTER- MINOR MAJOR MINOR DVMT FRWY/ PRINCIPAL LOCAL STATE ARTERIAL COLL COLL EXPWY ARTER Cambria County - 627,262 643,915 414,267 535,944 100,761 338,919 2,661,068 Percent 23.6% 24.2% 15.6% 20.1% 3.8% 12.7% 100.0% Pennsylvania 63,784,230 22,993,206 54,657,755 51,599,923 32,515,006 5,561,900 39,101,614 270,213,634 Source: PennDOT Five-year trends show that traffic on other freeways/expressways, minor collectors, and locals in the County has increased, while traffic on other highway types has fallen. See Table 3-6. Table 3-6: Five-Year Trend in Travel by Functional Classification of Highways NON FEDERAL AID FEDERAL AID DVMT DVMT TOTAL OTHER OTHER INTER- MINOR MAJOR MINOR DVMT FRWY/ PRINCIPAL LOCAL STATE ARTERIAL COLL COLL EXPWY ARTER Cambria County 0.00% 13.38% -12.33% -14.73% -14.03% 40.73% 11.38% -4.03% Pennsylvania -4.54% 2.39% -6.65% -6.31% -6.58% -0.35% -1.59% -4.52% Source: PennDOT Business Plan Classification Figure 3-2: Percent Segment Miles by Business Plan Network One final classification system used by Interstate, 0% PennDOT is its Business Plan Network. This system integrates function and traffic volumes in PennDOT’s analysis of highway NHS, Non- performance into four classifications – Interstate, Interstate System, National Highway 24% Non-NHS < System (NHS), Non-NHS > 2000 Average Non-NHS > or 2000, 53% Daily Traffic (ADT), and Non-NHS < 2000 = 2000, 23% ADT.