atmosphere Article Real-World Exhaust Emissions of Diesel Locomotives and Motorized Railcars during Scheduled Passenger Train Runs on Czech Railroads Michal Vojtisek-Lom 1,2,* , Jonáš Jirk ˚u 3 and Martin Pechout 4 1 Department of Automobile, Combustion Engine and Railway Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University of Prague, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic 2 Department of Vehicles and Engines, Technical University of Liberec, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic 3 Department of Vehicle Technology, Faculty of Transportation Sciences, Czech Technical University in Prague, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
[email protected] 4 Department of Vehicles and Ground Transport, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic;
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected] or
[email protected]; Tel.: +420-774-262-854 Received: 17 April 2020; Accepted: 28 May 2020; Published: 2 June 2020 Abstract: The paper summarizes exhaust emissions measurements on two diesel-electric locomotives and one diesel-hydraulic railcar, each tested for several days during scheduled passenger service. While real driving emissions of buses decrease with fleet turnaround and have been assessed by many studies, there are virtually no realistic emissions data on diesel rail vehicles, many of which are decades old. The engines were fitted with low-power portable online monitoring instruments, including a portable Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrometer, online particle measurement, and in two cases with proportional particle sampling systems, all installed in engine compartments. Due to space constraints and overhead electric traction lines, exhaust flow was computed from engine operating data. Real-world operation was characterized by relatively fast power level transitions during accelerations and interleaved periods of high load and idle, and varied considerably among service type and routes.