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Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Various Extracts of Whole Plant of Calycopteris Floribunda Lam

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Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Various Extracts of Whole Plant of Calycopteris Floribunda Lam PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF WHOLE PLANT OF CALYCOPTERIS FLORIBUNDA LAM. IMIRJ, 1(2) ISSN: 2456-4613 Volume No: 1 Issue 2 June 2017 International Multidisciplinary Innovative Research Journal -An International refereed e-journal - Science Issue ISSN: 2456-4613 IMIRJ, 1(2), 2017 [1-13] Preliminary Phytochemical screening of various extracts of whole Plant of calycoPteris floribunda lam. BHUVANESWARI SANTHARAM1, SUBBURAYALU. S1 GANESH.P2 SORNAM.R3AND MURUGALAKSHMIKUMARI.R4 1Department of Biochemistry, KR College of Arts and Science, Kovilpatti, 2Department of Microbiology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 3Department of Environmental Biotechnology, M.S.University, Alwarkurichi 4Department of Botany, V.V.Vanniaperumal College for Women, Virudhunagar TamilNadu, India. ABSTRACT Medicinal plants are a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals or bionutrients. Herbal medicines as the major remedy in traditional system of medicine have been used in medical practices since entiquity.The present study was designed to investigate the presence of various phytochemicals in the three different extracts of the whole plant of Calycopteris floribunda which evokes various therapeutic effect. The whole plant of Calycopteris floribunda were extracted with the appropriate three solvents (Harborne, 1984) and these were evaluated for the qualitative phytochemical analysis and these can be further studied for the novel compounds and their biological activities. The petroleum ether and methanol extracts have much lesser compounds when compared with ethyl acetate extracts. When compared to the three extracts, ethyl acetate extracts have high affinity towards the biological activities. The qualitative phytochemical analysis mainly focused on different chemical compounds which can be useful for the drug discovery and effective medicine improvement from the natural resources. The ethyl acetate extract has more phyto constituents than the remaining solvents ,contains phenols, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, saponins and reducing sugars.Our findings provided evidence that ethyl aceate extracts of the tested plant Calycopteris floribunda contain 1 PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF WHOLE PLANT OF CALYCOPTERIS FLORIBUNDA LAM. IMIRJ, 1(2) ISSN: 2456-4613 medicinally important bioactive compounds and it justifies their use in the traditional medicine for treatment of different diseases. Key words: Calycopteris floribunda, Phytoconstuients, Whole plant, Phytochemical Qualitative Tests. Introduction replaced by synthetic drugs (Gibson 1998) The importance of plants is known to us well. The plant kingdom Phytochemicals are not essential treasure house of potential drugs and in nutrients and are required by the human the recent years there has been an body for sustaining life, but have increasing awareness about the important properties to prevent or to importance of medicinal plants. fight some common diseases.They Medicinal plants contain some organic protect plants from disease and damage compounds which provide definite and contribute to the plants color, aroma physiological action on the human body and flavor. In general, the plant and these bioactive substance include chemicals from environmental hazards tannin alkaloids, carbohydrate, such as pollution, stress, drought, UV terpenoids, steroids and flavonoids exposure and pathogenic attack are (Mathai 2000 and Mann 1978) These called as phytochemicals. Natural compounds are known as secondary products are the source of synthetic and plant metabolites and have biological traditional herbal medicine.The properties such as antioxidant activity, medicinal importance of plant due to the antimicrobial effect, modulation of presence of some special substances like detoxificationen enzymes, stimulation of alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, the immune system, decrease of platelet flavonoids, saponins etc., Soxhlet aggregation and modulation of hormone apparatus was used for the organic metabolism and anticancer property. extraction. Solvents used were Herbal medicines have been used for so petroleum ether , ethyl acetate and many years that have lesser side effects methanol. and less priced than the synthetic medicine. The Active compounds of Calycopteris floribunda Lam. many drugs found in plants are (Combertaceae) commonly known as secondary metabolites .(Dobelis 1993 Kokkarai in Hindi, Minnarakoti in and Edoga 2005) For a long period of Tamil, a scadent woody and climbing time medicinal plants or their secondary shrub which is 5-10cm long with slender metabolites have been directly or brown streaked branches with vine indirectly playing an important role in storing water abundantly. So it is the human society to combat diseases. referred as a life-saver by the forest In the early century of mankind, plant dwellers during summer when streams derived secondary metabolites have dry up, people quench their thirst by been used by humans to treat acute using this plant( Chopra 1956,WHO infections, health disorders and chronic 2001 Orient Longman 1995) The leaves illness. Only during the last 100 years have reported to posses anti-diabetic natural products have been largely activity(Sreenu et al .,2012 The hepato protective activity of various stem and 2 PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF WHOLE PLANT OF CALYCOPTERIS FLORIBUNDA LAM. IMIRJ, 1(2) ISSN: 2456-4613 leaf extracts have been reported( Chinna (76-78ºC) for 24 hrs, then marc was et al .,2010, Thalla et al., 2011) and dried and then it was subjected to even fruits claimed to treat jaundice. methanol extraction (80ºC) for 24 hrs. Calycopterone, Isocalycopterone and 4- The solvent from the extracts was dimethyl-calycopterone showed a wide recovered under reduced pressure using range activity against solid cell rotary evaporator and subjected to lines(Wall et al., 1994) freeze drying in a lyophilizer until dry powder was obtained. As far as our literature survey could Calculation of percentage ascertain, no reports concerning the The percentage yield was phytochemical investigation of the calculated for the extracts and major whole plant of C.floribunda given here. compounds with reference to the crude Therefore we undertook the present material taken using the formula given work to screen qualitatively the various below. extracts of the whole plant of C.floribunda through various methods. The Main objective of the present study was to investigate the active phytoconstituents present in various extracts Calycopteris floribunda (Lam.) The extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening for Materials and methods the detection of various plant Collection and identification of constituents present. The term Calycopteris floribunda (Lam.) qualitative analysis refers to the The whole plant of Calycopteris establishing and providing the identity floribunda (Lam.), was collected from, of a substance. The pharmacological Pulliyankudi, Nellai District of Tamil action of crude drugs was determined by nadu, India. Taxonomic identification the nature of their constituents. The was made from Botanical Survey of phytoconstituents are responsible for the Medicinal Plants Unit Siddha, desired therapeutic properties. To Government of India, Palayamkottai. obtain these pharmacological effects, The whole plant of Calycopteris the plant materials itself or extract in a floribunda (Lam.) was dried under suitable solvent or isolated active shade, segregated, pulverized by a constituent may be used. The various mechanical grinder and passed through extracts of Calycopteris floribunda were a 40 mesh sieve. The powdered plant subjected to the following chemical tests materials were stored in an airtight separately for the identification of container. various active constituents (Evans, 1997). Preparation of Various extracts from Calycopteris floribunda (Lam.) Tests for Alkaloids (Evans, 1997) The powdered plant materials a) Dragondroff's test were successfully extracted with A fraction of the extract was treated petroleum ether (40-60 ºC) by hot with Dragondroff's reagent and continuous percolation method in observed for the formation of yellow Soxhlet apparatus (Harborne, 1984). for colored precipitate. 24 hrs. Then the marc was dried and then subjected to ethyl acetate extraction 3 PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF WHOLE PLANT OF CALYCOPTERIS FLORIBUNDA LAM. IMIRJ, 1(2) ISSN: 2456-4613 b) Wagner's test solution and the yellow to orange color A fraction of the extract was treated revealed the presence of glycosides. with Wagner's reagent and observed for c) Borntrager's test the formation of yellow colored A few ml of dilute HC1 was added precipitate. to 1ml of the extract solution. It was c) Mayer's test then boiled, filtered and the filtrate was A fraction of the extract was treated extracted with chloroform. The with Mayer's reagent and observed for chloroform layer was they treated with 1 the formation of yellow colored ml of ammonia. The formation of red precipitate. color showed the presence of d) Hager's test anthraquinone glycosides A fraction of the extract was treated with Hager's reagent and observed for the formation of yellow colored d) Keller Killiani test precipitate. The extract was dissolved in acetic Test for Carbohydrates (Evans, 1997) acid containing traces of ferric chloride a) Molisch test and it was then transferred to a test tube To 2ml of the extract, 1 ml of α- containing sulphuric acid. At the naphthol solution was added, and junction, formation
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