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Tecnología, Sociedad E Internet : Hacia Una Comprensión Crítica De La Tecnología, Las Tecnologías Digitales Y Su Cambio

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Tecnología, Sociedad E Internet : Hacia Una Comprensión Crítica De La Tecnología, Las Tecnologías Digitales Y Su Cambio Correa Lucero, Horacio Tecnología, sociedad e internet : hacia una comprensión crítica de la tecnología, las tecnologías digitales y su cambio. Un estudio de las tensiones en torno a la mercantilización en Internet. Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Argentina. Reconocimiento - Compartir Igual 2.5 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/ar/ Documento descargado de RIDAA-UNQ Repositorio Institucional Digital de Acceso Abierto de la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes de la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes Cita recomendada: Correa Lucero, H. (2019). Tecnología, sociedad e internet : hacia una comprensión crítica de la tecnología, las tecnologías digitales y su cambio. Un estudio de las tensiones en torno a la mercantilización en Internet. (Tesis de posgrado). Bernal, Argentina : Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Disponible en RIDAA-UNQ Repositorio Institucional Digital de Acceso Abierto de la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes http://ridaa.unq.edu.ar/handle/20.500.11807/1042 Puede encontrar éste y otros documentos en: https://ridaa.unq.edu.ar Correa Lucero, Horacio, Repositorio Institucional Digital de Acceso Abierto, Febrero de 2015, 314 pp., http://ridaa.unq.edu.ar, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Secretaría de Posgrado, Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales y Humanas Tecnología, sociedad e internet. Hacia una comprensión crítica de la tecnología, las tecnologías digitales y su cambio. Un estudio de las tensiones en torno a la mercantilización en Internet. TESIS DOCTORAL Horacio Correa Lucero [email protected] Resumen El trabajo desarrolla una perspectiva de análisis de Internet a partir de una propuesta teórica que comprenda a las tecnologías en general, y a las tecnologías digitales en particular. En concreto, entonces, puede decirse que la tesis presenta dos nudos interrelacionados. Por un lado, emprende una comprensión teórica de las tecnologías, señalando un especial interés en las tecnologías digitales, contemplando en esto las interrelaciones entre tecnología y cambios sociales; y por otro lado, el desarrollo de un estudio de Internet, aplicando nuestras propuestas teóricas en el despliegue de esta indagación, buscando exhibir las tensiones que la introducción de la lógica mercantil implica. La interconexión evidente entre ambos nudos torna válido también afirmar que en realidad tenemos un único punto nodal orientado a desarrollar una comprensión teórica de las tecnologías digitales —en tanto inscriptas en el horizonte tecnológico—, entendiendo a Internet como un escenario donde éstas se despliegan. Repositorio Institucional Digital de Acceso Abierto, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales y Humanas Tesis de Doctorado TECNOLOGÍA, SOCIEDAD E INTERNET Hacia una comprensión crítica de la tecnología, las tecnologías digitales y su cambio. Un estudio de las tensiones en torno a la mercantilización en Internet. Tesista: Mg. Horacio Correa Lucero Directora: Dra. Susana Barbosa Co-Director: Dr. Juan Grigera Febrero de 2015 Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Esta obra está licenciada bajo la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional. Para ver una copia de esta licencia, visita http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. “Marx […] is going to help us study the Internet as an unfinished technology and a terrain of struggle.” (Feenberg, 2014: 109). Horacio Correa Lucero CONTENIDOS. Agradecimientos....................................................................................................................................................................vii INTRODUCCIÓN: Tecnologías, tecnologías digitales e Internet.................................................................................1 Presentación del problema...........................................................................................................................................1 Objetivos de la investigación.......................................................................................................................................6 Estructura de la tesis......................................................................................................................................................7 Abordaje metodológico y actividades desarrolladas............................................................................................10 CAPÍTULO 1. Tecnología: definiciones y aprehensiones conceptuales del término............................................15 Presentación..................................................................................................................................................................15 1.1 La conceptualización de la tecnología en las perspectivas neoschumpeterianos o evolucionistas..16 1.1.1 Schumpeter como antecedente................................................................................................................16 1.1.2 Neoschumpeterianos y evolucionistas..................................................................................................17 1.2 La conceptualización de la tecnología en la teoría marxiana....................................................................20 1.2.1 Tecnología como aplicación del desarrollo de la ciencia..................................................................20 1.2.2 Tecnología como elementos físicos o materiales................................................................................21 1.2.3 Tecnología como ciencia...........................................................................................................................25 1.2.4 La tecnología como objeto de opresión e inhibidor de la libertad en el proceso de trabajo capitalista................................................................................................................................................................26 1.2.5 Los usos del significante técnica.............................................................................................................27 1.2.6 Las transformaciones de la tecnología a lo largo del proceso de valorización del capital........29 1.3 La tecnología en los Estudios sociales de la ciencia y la tecnología.........................................................33 1.3.1 Las tecnologías desde los referentes del enfoque SCOT: Pinch y Bijker......................................35 1.3.2 La visión desde la perspectiva GST: tecnologías como sistemas de resolución de problemas, la técnica y los sistemas tecnológicos.........................................................................................39 1.3.3 La tecnología en la TAR............................................................................................................................40 1.3.4 Consideraciones generales de la visión constructivista....................................................................42 CAPÍTULO 2. Cambio tecnológico....................................................................................................................................45 Presentación..................................................................................................................................................................45 2.1 El cambio tecnológico en la teoría neoschumpeteriana..............................................................................46 2.1.1 El peso del pasado.......................................................................................................................................46 2.1.2 Diversas magnitudes de cambio tecnológico.......................................................................................49 2.1.3 Rutinas, I+D, y el lugar de los beneficios económicos......................................................................53 i Índice Tesis doctoral 2.1.4 Consideraciones finales del neoschumpeterianismo/evolucionismo.............................................55 2.2 El cambio tecnológico en el marxismo............................................................................................................55 2.2.1 Determinismo tecnológico y de las fuerzas productivas..................................................................56 2.2.2 Subsunción formal y real del trabajo al capital: su lugar en la creación de nueva tecnología................................................................................................................................................................63 2.3 Las propuestas constructivistas sobre la construcción de tecnologías y su cambio............................67 2.3.1 El antideterminismo como base del constructivismo........................................................................68 2.3.2 La perspectiva de la Construcción Social de la Tecnología..............................................................69 2.3.3 Grandes Sistemas Tecnológicos..............................................................................................................74 2.3.4 Teoría del Actor-Red..................................................................................................................................77 2.3.5 Elementos comunes a las tres propuestas constructivistas analizadas.........................................83 CAPÍTULO 3. Propuesta conceptual de tecnologías y tecnologías digitales...........................................................85 Presentación..................................................................................................................................................................85
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