Adaptation De L'infrastructure Du Nord

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Adaptation De L'infrastructure Du Nord FRANC NORD ADAPTATION DE L’INFRASTRUCTURE DU NORD CANADIEN AU CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE TUKTOYAKTUK, T.N.-O. OLD CROW, Yn LAC DE GRAS, T.N.-O. DAWSON, Yn GJOA HAVEN, Nu HALL BEACH, Nu PANGNIRTUNG, Nu RANKIN INLET, Nu TASIUJAQ, Qc CHURCHILL, Man. © Table ronde nationale sur l’environnement et l’économie, 2009 Tous droits réservés. Aucune partie de ce document couverte par les droits d’auteur ne peut être reproduite ou utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit : graphique, électronique, mécanique (y compris photocopie), enregistrement, collage, système d’accès électronique, sans avoir obtenu au préalable la permission écrite de l’éditeur. Catalogage avant publication de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada Table ronde nationale sur l’environnement et l’économie (Canada) Franc Nord : Adaptation de l’infrastructure du Nord canadien au changement climatique / Table ronde nationale sur l’environnement et l’économie. Publ. aussi en anglais sous le titre:True North: Adapting Infrastructure to Climate Change in Northern Canada. Également disponible sur l’Internet. ISBN 978-1-100-93014-5 No de cat. : En134-44/2009F 1. Infrastructures de transport--Aspect de l’environnement--Canada (Nord). 2. Équipements collectifs--Aspect de l’environnement--Canada (Nord). 3. Climat--Changements--Aspect économique--Canada (Nord). I. Titre. II. Titre: Franc Nord : Adaptation de l’infrastructure du Nord canadien au changement climatique. QC903.2 C3 N3714 2009 338.9719’07 C2009-980346-1 Conception graphique par Le Collectif Design Inc. (www.clctf.com). Les photos du rapport proviennent de la collection Visible Earth de la NASA, que l’on peut consulter à http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/ Suggestion pour citer la source : Canada. Table ronde nationale sur l’environnement et l’économie. (2009). Franc Nord : Adaptation de l’infrastructure du Nord canadien au changement climatique, Ottawa: TRNEE Table ronde nationale sur l’environnement et l’économie 344, rue Slater, bureau 200 Ottawa (Ontario) K1R 7Y3 Canada Tél. : (613) 992-7189 Téléc. : (613) 992-7385 Courriel : [email protected] Web: www.trnee-nrtee.ca Avertissement : Les opinions formulées dans ce document ne sont pas nécessairement celles des organismes aves lesquels les membres de la Table ronde sont associés d’une manière ou d’une autre. NOTRE ENGAGEMENT ENVIRONNEMENTAL [FSC lable] Ce livre est imprimé sur du papier « Choix environnemental » qui est certifié par le Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). Le FSC est un organisme international sans but lucratif dont la mission est d’encourager la gestion responsable des forêts du monde. Les produits étiquetés par le FSC sont certifiés individuellement afin de garantir aux consommateurs qu’ils proviennent de forêts qui sont gérées de façon à respecter les besoins sociaux, économiques et écologiques des générations actuelles et futures. [Recycling lable] [Environmental Choice] [BioGas] Imprimé sur du papier Rolland Opaque30, contenant 30 % de fibres postconsommation, certifié Choix environnemental et fabriqué au Canada par Cascades à partir d’énergie biogaz. ANNÉE POLAIRE INTERNATIONALE Le rapport « Franc Nord » s’inscrit dans le cadre de la contribution du Canada à l’Année polaire internationale. L’Année polaire internationale (API) 2007-2008 est un important projet de recherche scientifique sur l’Arctique et l’Antarctique. Organisée par le Conseil international pour la science (CIS) et l’Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM) l’API 2007-2008 n’est pas une première, suivant les API de 1882-1883, 1932-1933, et de 1957-1958. Elle donne lieu à plus de 200 projets, où des milliers de scientifiques de plus de 60 pays examinent toute une gamme de thèmes de recherche physiques, biologiques et sociaux. Elle constitue également une occasion sans précédent de démontrer et de connaître la science de pointe en temps réel ou d’y participer. Les chercheurs canadiens ont examiné quelque 44 différents projets dans le cadre de l’API 2007-2008. Les projets portaient sur des activités de recherche liées à la science des effets des changements climatiques et l’adaptation au changement climatique; elles portaient aussi sur la santé et le bien-être des collectivités nordiques. Même si les recherches se sont déroulées entre mars 2007 et mars 2009, leurs résultats continuent à se manifester sous la forme d’éducation du public et de diffusion, de partage et d’intégration des résultats de recherche et de communication des résultats aux responsables des politiques. Sources: http://www.ipy.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18&Itemid=55 http://www.ipycanada.ca/web/guest/research (en anglais seulement) LETTRE D’ACCOMPAGNEMENT L’honorable Jim Prentice, c.p., député Ministre de l’Environnement Monsieur le Ministre, Au nom de la Table ronde nationale sur l’environnement et l’économie (TRNEE), je suis heureux de vous faire parvenir Franc Nord : Adaptation de l’infrastructure du Nord canadien au changement climatique. Nous croyons que l’infrastructure dont dépendent les populations du Nord est soumise à rude épreuve et qu’il est urgent de mettre en place une planification appropriée et des mesures préventives. BOB PAGE Nous félicitons le gouvernement pour l’élaboration de sa Stratégie pour le Nord Président de lancée depuis la fin de nos travaux et recherches menant à la rédaction du présent la TRNEE rapport. Nous estimons que notre rapport vient appuyer un créneau important dans la mise en œuvre des politiques gouvernementales pour le Nord canadien. Soustraire les fondations à la fonte du pergélisol crée des défis de conception immenses aux archi- tectes, aux ingénieurs et aux planificateurs qui s’occupent des routes, des pipelines, des aéroports et de l’exploitation de la faune. Il nous faudra collaborer à la concep- tion de nouvelles techniques et de cadres sociaux pour les collectivités nordiques. Les changements climatiques s’installent plus rapidement encore dans les régions de l’Arctique, exigeant que nous soyons les initiateurs de pratiques d’adaptation, dans une mesure encore plus grande que nous l’avions d’abord envisagé. Il faudra recourir à l’expertise d’ingénieurs et aux codes de la construction utilisés par les planificateurs. Mais, par-dessus tout, chaque collectivité devra s’adapter aux circon- stances prévalant dans son propre milieu. Certains groupes côtiers sont particulière- ment à risque, étant donné la hausse du niveau de la mer et les ondes de tempête. Nous croyons que notre rapport vient appuyer les quatre piliers de la Stratégie pour le Nord : souveraineté, développement social et économique, environnement et gou- vernance. Nous sommes assurés qu’ensemble, ils constituent la voie à suivre pour atteindre un développement durable en ces temps de changements notables dans l’évolution du Nord. Nous croyons aussi que le Canada se trouve en présence d’une occasion unique de répondre aux besoins des populations nordiques tout en jouant un rôle de leadership international dans le Nord circumpolaire. La TRNEE a grandement bénéficié de ses échanges avec les populations du Nord pour la préparation de ce rapport et nous espérons qu’il sera utile aux travaux de planification des gouvernements fédéral, territoriaux, provinciaux et autochtones. Je vous prie d’agréer, Monsieur le Ministre, l’expression de mes sentiments respectueux. Le président de la TRNEE, Bob Page MESSAGE DU PRÉSIDENT ET PREMIER DIRIGEANT Le Nord canadien est sur la ligne de front du changement climatique. Nulle part ailleurs les effets et les enjeux du défaut de s’adapter au changement climatique ne se font-ils plus sentir. Cet environnement déjà unique et vulnérable fait face à des risques inusités et inconnus associés à la fonte des glaces marines, à la dégradation du pergélisol, et à la variation des régimes climatiques. Arrimer l’environnement de l’Arctique canadien devant l’émergence des changements climatiques s’inscrit rapidement comme priorité nationale et internationale. L’adaptation est une réaction politique essentielle au changement climatique. C’est une approche de l’ici-maintenant pour réduire les effets du carbone déjà DAVID McLAUGHLIN présent dans l’atmosphère, lesquels pourraient entraîner de graves répercussions Président climatiques dans le Nord dans les prochaines années. L’infrastructure doit devenir le point de mire de la politique d’adaptation canadienne. Dans les immeubles et les et premier routes, dans les aéroports et les pipelines, l’infrastructure est essentielle à la sécurité dirigeant des collectivités modernes. Elle est mise en danger par un climat changeant et on doit réagir à cette situation par de nouvelles politiques qui la rendent plus résiliente et moins vulnérable. Cette nouvelle étude de l’infrastructure du Nord effectuée par la TRNEE offre des solutions pratiques pour y parvenir et se situe dans le cadre d’une stratégie d’adaptation ciblée. En nous appuyant sur des outils de gestion des risques que nous possédons déjà, nous pouvons faire un grand pas vers l’adaptation des collectivités et des infrastructures nordiques aux stress du changement climatique. C’est avec fierté que nous publions « Franc Nord » dans le cadre de la contribution du Canada à l’Année polaire internationale. MESSAGE DE LA TABLE RONDE Le changement climatique n’est pas une éventualité, une théorie. Partout au Canada et dans le monde entier, les impacts du changement climatique sont maintenant évidents. Le Nord canadien est en première ligne en ce qui concerne le défi que représente le changement climatique mondial. Nulle part ailleurs dans notre pays ou sur notre planète les effets précoces du changement climatique ne sont-ils aussi évidents. Nulle part ailleurs au Canada les collectivités et les modes de vie traditionnels ne sont-ils aussi manifestement en danger en raison du changement climatique. Le changement climatique a un impact sur la sécurité du Canada – nationale, économique, sociale et environnementale. La fonte rapide de la glace marine présente de nouveaux défis et de nouvelles possibilités pour le Nord du Canada. L’accès à nos riches ressources minières devient plus invitant et possible. Les domaines du tourisme et des pêcheries prennent de l’expansion.
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