Teaching Phonics & Word Study in the Intermediate Grades • Scholastic Professional Books . and are and tion y s s, es, ensures ing the letter i e, and to Word and y ed at the beginning of a y The chart on page 215 s, ed, ing, ly, s, ed, ing, ly, ): Words that end in ): Words ). Most of the common suf- s ). The change from ): The consonant is doubled so play ): When a word ends in silent stands for in the word is maintained. y making runner, running runner, ( e ( at the end of a word either stands for a vowel sound at the end of a word either stands flies, happiest, loneliness y i( before adding a suffix. The letter before adding a suffix. The letter i to (Carroll, Davies, and Richman, 1971). The suffixes to y y account for almost two-thirds of the words. The suffixes : ing ) or is part of a vowel digraph ( Changing Deleting the silent Consonant doubling and fly are used to form the plurals of most nouns. The suffixes ( word or syllable acts as a consonant and stands for the /y/ sound. word or syllable acts as a consonant the letter However, change the that the vowel sound the 2. 3. 1. that the first syllable will form a CVC pattern. Most CVC words contain a that the first syllable will form a second consonant acts as a diacritical short vowel sound. Therefore, the sound of the root word is main- mark, ensuring that the short vowel tained. is removed before adding the suffix (except fixes begin with vowels and vowel doubling in this case would cause con- fixes begin with vowels and vowel doubling in this case would fusion; it would create a vowel digraph. A suffix changes the meaning of the root or base word. Therefore, children, the meaning of the root or base A suffix changes how they affect the words the meanings of suffixes and need to understand identify a suffix and visual- to. By helping children quickly they’re attached them figure out the the base word, you’ll help ly remove it to identify whole word. meaning of the of a base word, sometimes changes the spelling Adding a suffix the suffixes that cause changes. The children need to be directly taught resulting from the addition of suffixes three most common spelling changes are: A suffix is a letter, or group of letters, that is added to the end of a of letters, that is added to the or group A suffix is a letter, Common suffixes include root (base) word. ed, Teach only the most commonly used suffixes. only the most commonly used Teach shows the 20 most frequent suffixes appearing in words in the Frequency Book inflectional endings added to verbs to change their tense. These suffixes are inflectional endings added to verbs to change their tense. These here generally introduced to children in grade one. The word lists included grades. are for those suffixes that need to be formally taught in the primary es Guidelines Suffixes 214 Teaching Phonics & Word Study in the Intermediate Grades • Scholastic Professional Books All other suffixes (about 160) accounted for only 7% of the words. the of 7% only for 160)accounted (about suffixes other All akSfi % Suffix Rank 10. 3. 4. 2. 9. 8. 6. 5. 1. 7. Suffixes thatcreateaverb form: Suffixes thatformadverbs: ish, ive,less,ous,some,worthy Suffixes thatformadjectives: ice, ism,ist,ment,ness,sion,tain,tion,ure Noun suffixes: (past-tense verbs) (past-tense ed (verb form/present participle) form/present (verb ing (plurals) es s, (person connected with) connected (person er,or of) (characteristic ly (state of, condition of) condition of, (state ness by) (characterized y of) characteristics (having ial al, done) be (can able ible, process) (act, ition ation, tion, ion, age, al,ance,ant,ate,ee,ence,ent,er, or, ar, ese,ess,hood, ly, wards, ways, wide,wise able, al,er, est,ette,let,ful,fully, ible,ic,ical, ate, ed,en,ing,ise,ize, yze 20 14 31 4 7 1 1 1 2 4 akSfi % Suffix Rank 20. 15. 19. 18. 16. 14. 13. 12. 11. 17. (made of) (made en (comparative) est (without) less of) (full ful noun) a of form (adjective itive ative, ive, (comparative) er of) qualities the (possessing ious eous, ous, of) characteristics (having ic process) or (action ment of) (state ity,ty 215 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1