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Fishery Bulletin/U S Dept of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service V.90

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Fishery Bulletin/U S Dept of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service V.90 In the sessile barnacles, extreme Association between the sessile barnacle reduction of plates is found in Xeno­ Xenobalanus globiclpitis ICoronulidaeJ balanus. The shell is thin, small, white, irregularly star-shaped, and and the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops vestigial, containing only the basal parts of the animal. Connected to truncatus lOelphinidaeJ from the this thin, star-shaped shell is a cylin­ Bay of Bengal, India, with a summary drical, smooth, flexible, peduncle­ like body (Fig. 3). At the distal end of previous records from cetaceans of this greatly elongated pseudo­ peduncle is a reflexed hood, which ArJuna RaJaguru bears two stumpy outpushings or Gopalsamy Shantha 'horns,' but terga and scuta are ab­ Systematics Laboratory. National Marine Fisheries Service. NOAA sent. Cirri, mouth, a probosciform National Museum of Natural History. Washington. DC 20560 penis, and associated organs project from the reflexed hood. The wall plates of this barnacle are em­ bedded in the skin of the dolphin, Several instances of association be­ These specimens were entangled with feeding appendages (cirri) and tween cetaceans and cirripeds have accidentally in bottom-set gillnets associated organs suspended by the been reported in the literature. (called Motha Valai, in Tamil ver­ long fleshy stalk. The body of X. Among the barnacles, Coronula nacular) set mainly for sharks. The globicipitis was dark-brown in live spp., Conchoderma spp., and Xeno­ net is made of thick (no. 7-12) nylon specimens, with a lighter colored balanus sp. have been reported thread (monofilament). The stretched hood; the penis was whitish. from various species of cetaceans of mesh size is 10-12cm, and there are Although belonging to the sessile both temperate and tropical waters about 120 meshes from the head to group of the Cirripedia, this bar­ (Mackintosh and Wheeler 1929 the foot rope; hence the net is about , nacle closely resembles stalked Mackintosh 1942). Devaraj and 12m deep. Total length of the net barnacles, especially Conchoderma Bennet (1974) reported a single spe­ is about 800m ("" one-half mile). auritum which is also found on ceta­ cimen of Xenobalanus globicipitis Fishing operations, which were car­ ceans though never attached direct­ found attached to the fluke ofa fin­ ried out mostly at night, were con­ ly to the skin of its host. Xenobala­ less black porpoise Neophocaena fined to the upper continental shelf, nus globicipitis is always attached phocaenoides caught off Karwar, up to 4km from the coast, to depths directly to the skin of its host west coast of India. This type of of 18-22m. The dolphins became (Pilsbry 1916, Barnard 1924). The phoretic partnership (Le., transpor­ entangled in the nets both day and resemblance is superficial, and is tation by one promotes well-being night. likely adaptive to being dragged of the other) between 14 specimens All entangled dolphins were ex­ through the water by the host. The of a sessile barnacle Xenobalanus amined for external and internal closest affinities with Xenobalanus globicipitis and a host, the bottle­ parasites (several dolphins had in­ are the genera Coronula, Platyle­ nose dolphin Tursiops truncatus, is ternal parasites). No barnacles were pas, and Tubicinella (Darwin 1854, recorded here from the Bay of Ben­ found on the spinner dolphins. One Pope 1958). gal on the east coast of India. This small bottlenose dolphin (148cm The barnacles are found only is the first record of the bottlenose male) caught on 28 January 1985 around the rear margins offlippers dolphin as a host for Xenobalanus had nmperous Xenobalanus globici­ and flukes. It is hypothesized that globicipitis from the central and pitis attached (Fig. lA,B). None of those that settle elsewhere are northern Indian Ocean. the four larger (>150em) bottlenose more easily swept off. A single im­ Five spinner dolphins Stenella dolphins had any barnacles. All bar­ mature barnacle (15mm TL) was longirostris (Gray 1828) (113.0­ nacles were collected (four from the found attached to each flipper of the 177.5cm TL) and six bottlenose dol­ left fluke, eight from the right fluke, dolphin (Fig. 1A). All 12 mature phins Tursiops truncatus (Montagu and one from each flipper) and barnacles (30-39mm TL) (Table 1) 1821) (95.3-367.5em TL), were col­ preserved in formalin. The barna­ were aggregated at the rear margin lected from the Bay of Bengal, off cles were still alive after more than of the flukes (Fig. IB). Pilsbry Porto Novo (11 °29'N; 79°46'E), 12 hours out of water. Measure­ southeast coast of India, between 15 ments to the nearest millimeter Manuscript accepted 19 December 1991. March 1982 and 1 September 1987. (Fig. 2) are given in Table 1. Fishery Bulletin, U.S. 90:197-202 (1992). 197 198 Fishery Bulletin 901 I). J 992 .....J B ~-.... WBP Figure 2 External measurements of the ses­ sile barnacle Xenobalanus globici­ pitis. TL = total length, WB = width of body, WBP = width of basal plate, WH = width of hood. were from the central Atlantic coast of the United States (True 1891, Mead and Potter 1990), Gibraltar (Dollfus 1968, Pilleri Figure 1 1970), and the east coast of Sessile barnacles Xenobalanus globicip'it1:S on a boltlenose dolphin TW'siops I.Tuncal.us, South Africa (Barnard 1924, caught in the Bay of Bengal, India. (A) Small barnacles on flippers. (B) Adult bar­ Ross 1984). nacles on tail flukes. Barnacles from the left fluke were removed prior to photographing; Based on a review of the lit­ however, shell remnants are visible. erature, Rappe and Waerebeek (1988) suggested that X. globici­ pitis is an inhabitant of tropical and warm-temperate waters. (1916) reported that these barnacles grow in close They reported that occurrence of this species in the groups. This aggregation permits cross-fertilization, northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean is erratic, which is common in hermaphroditic crustaceans possibly related to sporadic incursions from adjacent (Barnes 1986). tropical warm-temperate waters. Their information Xenobalanus globicipitis occurs on about 19 species was based on only 23 reported localities. Our study of cetaceans, from the small harbor porpoise Phocoena shows 87 localities (Table 2) reported for X. globicipi­ phocoena to the large blue whale Balaenoptera mus­ tis: 28 (32.2%) are located north of 40 0 N; 27 (31.0%) culus (Table 2). The present record is the seventh between 35° and 40 0 N; and 32 (36.8%) between 30 0 N report from a bottlenose dolphin. Six previous reports and 30 0 S. From this it is clear that X. globicipitis is NOTE Rajaguru and Shantha: Association between Xenobalanus globicipitis /Coronulidaej and Tursiops truncatus /Delphinidaej 199 Table' External measurements ofthe sessile barnacle Xenobalanus globici:pitis collected from a bottlenose dolphin Tursiops tru1lr H 0-------------- catus (0'; 148cm TL), entangled in a gillnet off Porto Novo, southeast coast of India, 28 January 1985 --- p Attachment Specimen TL WH WB WBP H D·------- __ area no. ------•- (mm) -----•-- Left fluke 1 37 11 7 5 2 37 10 6 5 3 37 11 6 5 4 32 9 6 5 Right fluke 5 35 11 7 5 6 30 11 7 5 p p ---------- 7 39 12 7 5 8 35 12 7 5 9 30 10 7 5 10 34 11 8 8 11 37 10 6 4 12 30 9 6 5 Left flipper 13 15 5 3 3 Right flipper 14 15 4 3 3 Total length (TL): Basal plate to highest point of hood Width of body (WB): Maximum width of elongated body Width of basal plate (WBP): Maximum width of basal plate Width of hood (WH): Maximum width of hood ---------------s 10 mm a cosmopolitan species, occurring in temperate, warm­ temperate, and tropical waters. In relation to the Figure 3 distribution of X. globicipitis, the bottlenose dolphin The sessile barnacle Xenobalanus globicipitis. C = cirri, HD is distributed widely in temperate and tropical oceans. = hood, HO = horn, P = penis, PP = pseudopeduncle, S = It is common from at least the north coast of Argen­ shell. tina to northern Norway (Kenney 1990). Table 2 Distribution and reported hosts of the sessile barnacle Xenobalanus globicipitis. Identification of host species names are updated. Host Reported by Year Locality Host Reported by Year Locality Order: Cetacea Balaenoptera Nilsson-CanteIl 1930 Saldanha Bay Suborder: Mysticeti musculus Mackintosh 1942 South Africa Family: Balaenopteridae (Blue whale) Cornwall 1955a Pacific Canada Balaenoptera Broch 1924 Faroe Is., Greenland; (continued) Pike (in 1955b No locality borealis Ingoy, Norway Cornwall) (Sei whale) Cornwall 1927 Vancouver Boxshall (in Shetland Is., Scotland Nilsson-Cantell 1921 Faroe Is. Rappt'! and 1930 Saldanha Bay, S. Afr. Waerebeek) Matthews 1938 Saldanha Bay Balaenoptera Calman 1920 Shetland Is. Mackintosh 1942 Saldanha Bay physalus Barnard 1924 North Atlantic Heldt 1950 Tunis (Fin whale) Barnard 1924 Antarctic Boxshall (in Finnmark, Norway Mackintosh 1929 South Africa Rappt'! and and Wheeler Waerebeek) Nilsson-Cantell 1930 S. Shetland Is. Balaenoptera Barnard 1924 Saldanha Bay Nilsson-Cantell 1930 Saldanha Bay musculus Mackintosh 1929 South Africa Mackintosh 1942 South Africa (Blue whale) and Wheeler Raga and 1986 Galicia, Spain Sanpera 200 Fishery Bulletin 90(1). J992 Table 2 (continued) Host Reported by Year Locality Host Reported by Year Locality Suborder: Odontoceti GZobicephala melas Steenstrup 1852 Faroe Is. Family: Delphinidae (Long-finned Hoek 1883 Faroe Is. Delphinus delphis Hoek 1883 Atlantic pilot whale) Weltner 1897 Faroe Is. (Common dolphin) Gruvel 1905 South Africa Gruvel 1912 Monaco Gruvel 1920 South Africa Pilsbry 1916 Chesapeake Bay Richard 1936 Oran, Algeria Gruvel 1920 Gibraltar Stubbings 1965 Goree, Senegal Nilsson-Cantell 1921 Faroe Is. Pilleri 1970 W. Mediterranean Richard 1936 Gibraltar Rapp~ 1988 Belgium Zullo 1963 Woods Hole Pilleri and 1969 Spanish coast, Grampus griseus Gruvel 1920 Azores Knuckey Medit. Sea (Risso's dolphin) Richard 1936 Azores Kinze (in Faroe Is. Richard 1936 Azores Rap¢ and Pilleri and 1969 Barcelona, Spain Waerebeek) Gihr Raga et.
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