Polish Culture Yearbook 2016

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POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016

POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK

Warsaw 2016 INTRODUCTION Professor Piotr Gliński, PhD, Deputy Prime Minister, 2016 Minister of Culture and National Heritage 5 PUBLISHER’S NOTE, Mateusz Werner, PhD, Deputy Director for Culture Research and Strategy at the National Centre for Culture, Poland 6

1. FIELDS OF CULTURE AND NATIONAL HERITAGE 9

STATE ARCHIVES (ed. The Head Office of the State Archives) 10 LIBRARIES (ed. The National Library) 19 CULTURAL CENTRES* 31 CINEMATOGRAPHY (ed. The Polish Film Institute) 42 MUSEUMS (ed. The National Institute for Museums and Public Collections) 51 MUSIC (ed. The Institute of Music and Dance) 57 PUBLISHING MARKET (ed. The National Library) 66 PROMOTING POLISH CULTURE ABROAD – CULTURE.PL (ed. The Adam Mickiewicz Institute) 76 POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK POLISH CULTURE BOOK MARKET (ed. The Book Institute) 83 ART EDUCATION (ed. The Centre for Art Education) 93 DANCE (ed. The Institute of Music and Dance) 101 THEATRE (ed. The Theatre Institute) 107 MONUMENTS (ed. The National Heritage Board of Poland) 116

2. CULTURE FUNDING AND CULTURAL ECONOMICS 133

CULTURE FUNDING BY THE MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND NATIONAL HERITAGE (ed. The Department of State Patronage of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage) 134 LOCAL GOVERNMENT SPENDING ON CULTURE* 142 EMPLOYMENT AND PRODUCTION IN THE CULTURAL SECTOR* 155

3. PUBLIC MEDIA 165

POLISH TELEVISION (ed. Polish Television) 166 POLISH RADIO (ed. Polish Radio) 174

* Edited by the National Centre for Culture, Poland

FIELDS OF CULTURE AND NATIONAL HERITAGE 2 4. CULTURAL PARTICIPATION 185 2016

READERSHIP (ed. The National Library) 186 CULTURAL ACTIVITIES* 198 COLLECTIVE MEMORY* 207 THE INTERNET USE FOR CULTURAL PURPOSES* 217

5. VARIA 227

VISTULA RIVER 229 MURALISM 231 VIDEO GAMES 234 FESTIVALS 238 CONTEMPORARY ART GALLERIES 241 INTERNATIONAL CHOPIN PIANO COMPETITION (ed. The National Institute of Fryderyk Chopin) 243 POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK POLISH CULTURE 6. SUPPLEMENT 249

POLISH CULTURAL HERITAGE ABROAD 250 REPATRIATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY 267 POLISH MEMORIALS ABROAD 275

* Edited by the National Centre for Culture, Poland

FIELDS OF CULTURE AND NATIONAL HERITAGE 3

Dear Readers,

We are pleased to present the first edition ofPolish Culture Yearbook 2016, which describes the cultural reality in Poland. The expertise on cultural institutions and significant cultural and art events is delivered in an under- standable and competent manner. It also provides readers with information on some projects financed by the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, many actions supported by local authorities and activities promoting Polish culture abroad. The data is based on the latest indicators for the years 2015 and 2016 and also the tendencies resulting from long-term processes and projects are taken into consideration. The statistical data, trends and correlations described in this Yearbook constitute a basic work tool for anyone whose decisions are driven by reliable and research-based knowledge. Therefore, I am absolutely convinced that this publication will become a daily source of information for culture managers, public officers and entrepreneurs. It is available in a printed and electronic form. The English edition of Polish Culture Yearbook 2016 will undoubtedly be useful for foreign recipients as it serves as a “toolbox” for anyone who wants to learn more about Polish culture.

Professor Piotr Gliński, PhD Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Culture and National Heritage

POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 Dance, Institute, theBook theTheatre Institute andtheNational Institute Institute for theInstitute Museums and PublicCollections, ofMusicand Heritage State Archives, theNational Library, thePolish FilmInstitute, theNational National and Culture of the Ministry ofCulture and National Heritage. Thechapter entitled in thefieldofcultural research amonginstitutions thatare subject to in arespective field. be sure thatthispublicationcontains onlyknowledge provided by experts with theuseofdata generated for theirown needs.Therefore, readers can of experts whocollected andedited respective ofthisyearbook sections in the individual fields of culture to work with us and we have built up a team needs. To meet theabove challenges,we invited Polish institutions involved ers willbeableto explore further inmore detail inaccordance withtheirown observed inindividual areas ofPolish culture andillustrate thatread issues institutions andtheiroperations. ture andresearchers lookingfor information on thePolish culture-related companies thatplanto launchtheiroperations inanyspecificfieldofcul Moreover, thispublicationisalsodirected attherepresentatives ofPolish consider thecurrent state ofculture intheirdecision-makingprocesses. alsopublicofficersencompasses andemployees ofinstitutions whomust ment ofcultural policy atvarious levels. Thelatter group ofrecipients tion with Polish institutions, as well as people involved in the develop representatives of foreign organizations that intend to establish coopera presentation with easy language, synthetic approach and rich graphic layout. Yearbook Culture Polish comparative analysis onayear-to-year basis.Thus,we have comeupwith monographic publicationsoncontemporary Polish culture thatwould allow only issue fragmentarily. Itisdifficult to find amongthem anyhigh-quality high numberofvaluable publicationsbut,unfortunately, they describethe our country, research studies carriedoutinthefieldofculture result ina by sharingthelatest andmost reliable data onthetopic profesionally. In 2016 We are delighted to present you thefirst editionof Publisher’s Note The thematic layout of this yearbook reflects the distribution of tasks The objective of thisyearbook is to provide a better overview of trends The yearbook has beencreated for awideaudience, includingthe . The reason behind it is the posibbility of promoting Polish culture that combines meticulous and professional data has beenwritten by ofthe theHeadOffice Polish Culture Yearbook Yearbook Culture Polish 7 Fields Fields - - - -

POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 Polish Culture Yearbook 2016 place inaprivate library ofanyone to whomthePolish culture isimportant. Yearbook Culture Polish ral relationships, including global relations. I am absolutely convinced that operation within the cultural sector and firmer establishment of intersecto of the Polish culture in the forthcoming years and contribute to better co internal andexternal data, aswell asthe Research DepartmentoftheNationalCentre for Culture, Poland, basedon Art Education andtheAdam Mickiewicz Institute, respectively. position ontheinternational stage have beendeveloped by theCentre for National Heritage, concerningarteducationandPoland’s whilethesections ten by theDepartmentofStage Patronage oftheMinistry ofCulture and of culture by theMinistry ofCulture andNationalHeritage hasbeenwrit by Polish Radio andPolish Television. Thechapter describingthefunding of Heritage. Thechapter dedicated to public media hasbeen edited jointly Institute ofFrederic Chopin. on theInternational ChopinPianoCompetition was written by theNational of themost interesting reports publishedinPoland in2016. Thelast section We hopethat,over time, thispublicationwillreflect thecurrent state This yearbook hasbeensupplemented by theanalysis conducted by the and Strategy attheNationalCentre for Culture, Poland isamuch-neededpublicationthatwillfind Deputy Director for Culture Research Varia chapter thatcontains some Mateusz Werner, PhD 8 - - -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE 1. POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 AND NATIONAL HERITAGE FIELDS OFCULTURE 9 FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016

The Head Office oftheStateThe HeadOffice Archives handling casesregarding thetemporary storage ofdocuments to theextent carrying outinformational andpromotional concerningarchives; activities scientificandpublishing conducting works inthefieldof archive science providing to access archive materials; recording andcompilingarchive materials; storingcollecting, andsecuringarchive materials; shaping andsupervisingnationalarchive resources; performing official verification andconfirmationofthe stored archive ma State Archives, whichisthecentral bodyofthegovernment administration Minister ofCulture andNationalHeritage through ofthe theHeadOffice In Poland, the national archive resources are supervised by the competent tional archives (Polish JournalofLaws of2015, Item 1446, asamended). teri STATE ARCHIVES materials, drafting extracts, excerpts, copiesandvisualoraudiorepresenta provide services such as browsing information and data contained in archive provided by theAct onthenationalarchives. responsible for thoseresources. and related disciplines; The statutory dutiesoftheState Archives include: The State Archives operate undertheAct of14th July1983 onthena als; On top mentionedabove, activities oftheessential theState Archives 10 - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE

2016 Bolesławiec Strzmiele

Międzyzdroje

Kamieniec Ząbkowicki

SZCZECIN GORZÓW WIELKOPOSKI

ZIELONA GÓRA

Stargard Szczeciński

LESZNO WROCŁAW

Jelenia Góra Poznań Legnica Piła KOSZALIN

0 STATE ARCHIVES INPOLAND

agencies

Szczecinek

OPOLE

offices of state archives branches andagencies Słupsk Racibórz 50 Gniezno GDAŃSK Gliwice 100

Gdynia BYDGOSZCZ Pszczyna

KALISZ Konin Inowrocław Cieszyn 150

TORUŃ Sieradz MALBORK

Włocławek 200 km AP Elbląg Łęczyca CZĘSTOCHOWA Bielsko-Biała Kutno Żywiec Spytkowice ŁÓDŹ PIOTRKÓW PŁOCK TRYBUNALSKI Łowicz

Tomaszów Maz. KRAKÓW

Nowy Targ Bochnia Mława Nidzica OLSZTYN

Grodzisk Maz. Milanówek Kielce

Nowy Sącz WARSZAWA Pułtusk

RADOM Otwock Tarnów Sandomierz Łomża SUWAŁKI 11 RZESZÓW Ełk Kraśnik Sanok SIEDLCE PRZEMYŚL Podlaski Radzyń LUBLIN Chełm BIAŁ

Zam YSTOK

ość FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 ARCHIVE RESOURCES ARCHIVE

Archives are contained intheSEZAM andZoSIA databases (online search As of31st December, 2015, thearchive resources collected andstored 1918, aswell asthelegacy ofoutstanding politicalandsocialleaders; The NationalDigital Archives The Central Archives of Modern Records The Central Archives ofHistorical Records (including TheNationalArchives ofPersonal andWage Documentation trial undertakings andeconomicinstitutions, thearchives offamilies and testimonies to thepast andto guarantee universal to access thesetesti oftheStatethe mission Archives isto ensure thepreservation ofany tions ofmaterials, processing information anddata contained inarchives transitory materials, comprisedthefollowing: 95,760 archive fonds and tographic documentation, videos,audiorecordings, stamps, aswell as in Milanówek) and5agenciesofcompetent attheregional jurisdiction by the State Archives, including textual documentation, parchments land estates, andthepapers ofindividuals. level. Theregional archives andstore collect materials developed by local mentation; 50,254 electronic documents and 137,687 files of the total nographic documents, aswell asvideodocumentation developed through monies withthepurposeofsupportingfurther development ofcivilstate engine available at: 44,760,779collections; archive units; 331,5 runningkilometres ofdocu educational, religious andsocialestablishments andorganisations, indus out the20thand21st century; of central authorities, nationwide institutions andassociationscreated after authorities andstate offices,courts, localgovernments andinstitutions, authorities andfamily archives created before 1918; and society. and preserving them. and paper documents, technical documentation, cartographic andpho size reaching 17,109 GB. The State Archives network iscomposedofthree central units: In accordance with theStrategy oftheState Archives for 2010–2020, Details regarding the national archive resourcesDetails regarding stored intheState thenational archive as well as 30 regional archives www.archiva.gov.pl , collecting andstoring, collecting photographic andpho together withtheir40 branch offices ). , collecting and storing the records , storing therecords ofcentral 12 ------FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 FILES ELECTRONIC 17,109 GBOF The Polish Constitution isalsoincludedinthePolish nationallist ofmonu Archives are To e-documents. meet theneedsArchives ofElectronic Source: KN-1 statistical summaries–archive asof31st activity December, 2015. Records project hasbeenlaunchedundertheOperational Programme Digi Constitution of3rd May, 1791, was awarded theEuropean Heritage Label. tal Poland. ThisITsystem willenabletheState Archives to store collect, mainly by thepublicadministration bodies. documentation issupervisedby theState Archives. ments oftheUNESCO als stored by thestate andlocalgovernment entities.Thehandlingofthis and share allarchive materials available inanelectronic form andcreated The growing numberofdocuments collected eachyear by theState The most valuable documentstored by theState Archives isthePolish In addition,there are over 551 runningkilometres ofarchive materi (COLLECTIONS) 95,760 FONDS as of31st December, 2015 Memory of the World the of Memory RESOURCES ARCHIVE OF CURRENTRECORDS 331,5 KILOMETERS Programme, together withthe 13 44,760,779 ARCHIVE UNITS - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 USE OF ARCHIVE RESOURCES USE OFARCHIVE 28,737 Persons Direct (inreading access rooms) Providing to access archive resources in2015* The State Archives provide easy to access thestored materials. Anyone America Woodrow Wilson of 17th January 1917. 15th century to thelate-18th century between theKingdom(or Republic) of 67,000 search queries. who is interested in such materials may read their content directly in the Poland andtheOttoman Empire (learnmore athttp://pamiecpolski.archiwa. Polish NationalList oftheUNESCO Memorial ofIgnacy JanPaderewski to thePresident oftheUnited States of the reading rooms oftheState Archives were visited by nearly29,000 peo the Central Archives of Historical Records andthe1153 Zbilut’s Document the State Archives, such as the Foundation Act of the Prussian Confed gov.pl/memory-of-poland). gramme’s World Register include:the1573 Declaration oftheWarsaw Con information ordocuments andtheirreproduction against payment.In2015, incorporation charter ofthecityCracow of5thJune1257, therecords of theUnityBrethren, andpeacetreaties concludedfrom themid- eration kept by theState Archives inToruń, theŁaski’s Statute kept by expanded by addingother documents, priceless includingthosestored in ple conducting theirownple conducting research andusingapproximately 823,000 units during almost 86,000 visits. theState Besides, Archives alsoperformed of theNationalOrganisation oftheJanuaryUprising(1863–1864), andthe Source: KN-1 statistical summaries–archive operations asof 31st December, 2015 stored, amongothers, intheState Archives inPoznań. selected officesorentrust theselected archives withthesearch for specific federation, the Archive of Warsaw Reconstruction Office, the files and library Other documents entered into theUNESCO Visits 85,827 823,354 Shared units Memory of the World World the of Memory In the secondedition, the Memory of the World the of Memory Search queries 67,003 Indirect access 14 Programme was Pro - - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016

The estimates show thatreaders theirown conducting research represent Registers ofPopulation inArchive Materials (ELA). Programme for theRegistration ofRecords from Parish andCivilRegistration Inventories ofArchive Fonds (IZA); Integrated Archive Information System (ZoSIA); System for Evidence ofArchive Materials (SEZAM); websites ofinstitutions collaborating withtheState Archives, e.g. genealogi websites ofregional digital libraries; websites ofonlinestate archives; genealogiawarchiwach.pl, awebsite providing to onlineaccess over 3.2 mil szukajwarchiwach.pl, awebsite providing to online access over 20million State Archives participated intheAPEXproject consisting intheprovision State Archives (www.archiva.gov.pl), suchas: Offices (PRADZIAD);Offices territory oftheKujawsko-pomorskie Province; their digitized onto collections theInternet. Thedigital copiesofmaterials the majorityofallusers intheentire archive network. Thesecondbiggest their publicationontheEuropean Archives Portal. Poland was oneof33 lion pagesofdigitized birthcertificates andpopulation register from the resources isprovided. For thisreason, theState Archives keep uploading cal societies. over 1.4 million scans. of information onthe archive materials stored by European archives and rooms. Thegenealogical research isalsothemost frequent typeofsearch ership interests. of users entrusting theState Archives withresearch related to their own queries performed by theState Archives, asthere isasignificantnumber active participants inthisproject anddisclosed3milliondata items and aimed atsharingarchive resources online. Duringtheyears 2012–2015, the systems anddatabases, available onthewebsite ofthe oftheHeadOffice selected archives not includedinthestate archive network; scans ofarchive materials (asofJuly2016) stored by 31 state archives and stored by theState Archives are now available onthefollowing websites: group ofusers are genealogists archive whoaccess materials inreading The State Archives have alsojoinedarange ofinternational projects The usage ofarchive resources iseasierthanks to data from various It is important and expected by archive’s users that online access to the 15 - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 AND ARCHIVE MATERIALS ARCHIVE AWARENESS PROMOTION

Archives ortheiremployees. online presence insocialmedia; organisation ofopendays; olddocuments; aimedatcollecting social actions contests andurbangames; workshops basedontheuseofdocumentation; multimedia presentations; traditional andvirtual exhibitions; ongenealogylessons andregional history; educational projects, e.g. “Old Writing” –www.dawnepismo.ank.gov.pl. Such initiatives have ontheanimationofcultural asignificantimpact and One ofthestatutory dutiesoftheState Archives of isthedissemination universities, museums, libraries andsocial organisations. Details regarding their own initiatives within the framework of the International Archives Day ofthewebsite:tional section www.archiva.gov.pl. tation points, theState Archives provide advisoryservicesregarding the by theState Archives, inadditionto over 300 virtual exhibitions andpre- ness including: ness national archive resources awareness to promote individualexploration celebrated on9thJune. current promotional andeducational projects are available intheeduca eration withother educational, scientificandcultural institutions, suchas cluding multimediaandvirtual materials) withtheparticipationofState of the importance of archive resources and their possible versatile use. of national history, homeland, one’s own family, andto raise awareness archive there Besides, lessons. were more than470 (in publicationsissued sentations. There were over 1,200educationalprojects undertaken, mainly scientific life ofcommunities,especiallyinsmall towns. growing interest in genealogical research. Inspecially established consul The State Archives undertake promotional mainlyinco-op activities There isavariety undertaken ofactivities to disseminate suchaware The State Archives actively participate inspecialevents andorganize The “Family Archives” project has beenlaunched,asaresponse to the In 2015, there were 419 traditional exhibitions organised orco-organised 16 - - - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 OTHER ACTIVITIES PLANS ANDFORECASTSPLANS FOR 2017

The amountoffunding provided for thedigitisation anddisclosure ofdocu Act of14th July1983 onnationalarchive resources andarchives, theHead Implementation of initiatives aimed at commemorating historical figures Continuation of investments concerning the acquisition of storage facilities Actions for thebroad to access onlineresources. Thedownward trend in Continuation ofdigitisation ofarchive resources inlinewithusers’ expecta which enables the performance of tasks specified in Article 43a of the Under the public action entitled Under thepublicaction National Library. Supportwas alsogranted to eighteen other Polish institu Laffitte was completed. Thisproject was carriedoutincooperation withthe PLN 400,000.00 in2016. Office oftheStateOffice Archives financiallysupports alsocommunity archives. tions andpreferences. tions operating outside thecountry. 2016 saw thecontinuationofthese the programme for protecting cultural heritage abroad, aproject for the tions worldwide inclosecooperation withallstate archives. In2015, under to continuein2017, whilethenumberofmaterials onlineis accessed the numberofarchive materials inreading accessed rooms isexpected garding central archives. Thenew officesoftheState Archives inBiałystok handling offamily documents, theirprotection anddevelopment offamily mentation collected by subsidisedorganisations was andassociations ness promotion.ness development oftheArchives ofthe“Culture” Literary Institute inMaisons expected to increase. nealogical research. at researching andpreserving materials onIgnacy JanPaderewski. includingvisitsactivities, to thePolish MusicCentre inLos Angelesaimed and events within theframework ofarchive materials andarchives aware are plannedto bebuiltin2017. archives, aswell asanynecessary information ontheperformance ofge for thecontinuouslygrowing volume ofarchive resources, particularlyre The Head Office oftheStateThe HeadOffice Archives actively supports Polish organiza Supporting Archive Operations 2016 Operations Archive Supporting 17 ------, FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016

/dla-uzytkownikow/wydawnictwa/e-publikacje Jerzy Skowronek dedicata 2013), Laszuk, ofTheState ed.A. TheHeadOffice Archives, Warsaw 2015. Archives, Warsaw 2011. Warsaw 2015. Warsaw 2011. Warsaw 2012. Electronic records and access to archive resources via the Internet the via resources archive to access and State records the with Electronic Cooperation of Models Archives. Community of “Memory UNESCO the of List World Nations. and States of Remembrance D. Grot, Strategy ofState Archives for 2010–2020, oftheState HeadOffice Archives, Report oftheState oftheHeadOffice Archives 2015 (inpreparation). Report oftheState oftheHeadOffice Archives 2014, Warsaw 2015. Rosa,A. “Archeion”, No. 116, 2015. The electronic versions ofselected literature are available onthewebsite SELECTED PUBLICATIONS the World” Programme World” the period 1918–2014 period of the Head Office oftheStateof theHeadOffice Archives at:https://www.archiwa.gov.pl/pl Towards Open Past. Access to State Archives in Poland over the the over Poland in Archives State to Access Past. Open Towards Educational Function of Archives of Function Educational , Head Office oftheState, HeadOffice Archives, Warsaw 2015. , ed.B. Berska, W. Stępniak, oftheState HeadOffice , Head Office oftheState, HeadOffice Archives, 18 , KARTA Centre, (Colloquia (Colloquia

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 The NationalLibrary 1,480 parishlibraries 32,000. Theknowledge ofbasicnetworks, i.e. public, scientific, pedagogical, 1 2 3 Statistical of Office Poland (GUS), there were 9,710 libraries in Poland in2015 (including: 8,050 publiclibraries; 1,001 scientificlibraries In 2015, theoverall numberoflibraries operating inPoland was approximately technical information centres andscientificsocieties, stems from the stud ies oftheCentral Statistical of Office Poland (GUS). These studies are sup libraries; 315 specialized libraries, 52 specialized-fiction libraries, 21libraries based ondifferent methodological principles.As reported by theCentral prison andparishlibraries). Thisdata is,however, collected occasionally and plemented by data onother typesoflibraries (school,military-educational, of scientific, technical and economicinformation centres, and 13 libraries of school libraries scientific societies). Othersources indicate thatthere are alsoabout20,400 specialized, specialized-fiction libraries, as well aslibraries ofscientificand LIBRARIES

-Klimczak, August, 2016] 13 publiclibraries and1pedagogical library withascientific status are in Source: Educational Information System oftheMinistry ofNationalEduca Source: B. Budyńska, M. Jezierska, G. Lewandowicz-Nosal, G. Walczewska- tion; basedontheanalyses of 2012. cluded both inthegroup ofpublicorpedagogical andscientificlibraries. bn.org.pl/396/Biblioteki-w-Polsce-w-2012-roku.html on:29th [accessed 2 , 118 military-educational libraries, 157 prisonlibraries and Libraries in Poland as of 2012 of as Poland in Libraries 3 operating inPoland. , Warsaw 2016, http://ksiegarnia. 19 1 ; 272pedagogical - - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 Public Public 25% libraries 3% Scientificlibraries Pedagogical libraries 1% Specialized libraries 1% .html [accessed on:29thAugust,.html [accessed 2016] NUMBER OFLIBRARIES INPOLAND2015, BY TYPEOFLIBRARY Source: Data provided by the Central Statistical ofOffice Poland (GUS) on the basis of the K-03 land as of 2012 of as land form; B. Budyńska, M. Jezierska, G.Lewandowicz-Nosal, G.Walczewska-Klimczak, , Warsaw 2016, http://ksiegarnia.bn.org.pl/396/Biblioteki-w-Polsce-w-2012-roku Parish libraries 5% Other libraries 1% 20 Libraries in Po in Libraries School libraries 64% -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 The percentage ofpubliclibraries equippedwithcomputers was 93.6%. In The level ofinfrastructure affects other components ofinstitutional potential 4 18,278 employees involved At inbasicactivities. thesame time, thenumberof 21 in2015 (by 25%);thenumberofspecialized-fiction libraries went down from 84.25% of them were equipped with 22,538 computers, out of which 44.2% 65 in2012 to 52 in2015 (by 20%).However, interms ofthenumberunits, the (812,481 square metres) andpedagogical libraries (90,915 square metres). (GUS), thenumber of libraries operating in Poland isdecreasing, regardless of (9,112) and2,025 (1,395) employees, respectively. Outofthetotal number their type. Compared to 2014 and2012 total, they offered 47,526 computers, including26,239 (55.2%) computers with ies, 695 scientificlibraries,ies, 695 125pedagogical libraries and 177 other libraries. ized libraries fell from 369 in2012 to 315 in2015 (by 14.6%), whilethenumber by publiclibraries (1,080,540 square metres), followed by scientificlibraries by 102 (1%)and339 (3.4%), respectively. Inpercentage terms, more significant es include264,237,269 inventory units: 233,524,900 items bookcollection represented computers usedby readers. Allpedagogical libraries (100%) were places, respectively. There are alsodiscrepancies inthenumberofemploy most significantdrop was observed inthegroup ofpubliclibraries. Theirnumber equipped withthetotal numberof3,913 computers, outofwhich44.7% were of 4,065 libraries withfacilities for thedisabled, there were 3,081 publiclibrar employees working in scientific and pedagogical libraries amounted to 10,538 ees. Thenumberofpeopleemployed by publiclibraries was 23,594, including of libraries, measuring1,944,453 square metres, thelargest surface istaken of pedagogical libraries diminishedfrom 318 in2012 to 272in2015 (by 14.5%). decreased from 8,182 in2012 to 8,050 in2015 (by 1.6%). Thenumberofspecial of libraries ofscientificand technical information centres fell from 28in2012 to drops were observed inthegroup ofsmallerlibraries. For instance, thenumber available to readers. foraccess readers andtheInternet Inthecaseofscientificlibraries, access. scientific, pedagogical and other libraries offered 51,077; 5,731 and2,239 such shown by libraries. Publiclibraries offered 118,922 placesfor readers, while

According to data for 2015 provided by theCentral Statistical of Office Poland Polish libraries constitute ofbooks. atypicalcollection Theirresourc Public libraries showed thegreatest potential in2015. Outofthetotal area The basic types of libraries operating in Poland were described for the first time inthejointK-03 form withextended material scopein2012. 4 , theoverall numberoflibraries declined 21 - - - -

NUMBER OF LIBRARIES AND LIBRARY SERVICE POINTS IN POLAND IN 2015 AS REPORTED BY THE CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE OF POLAND (GUS) – INSTITUTIONAL POTENTIAL

LIBRARIES / LIBRARY SERVICE POINTS Number Total* Public Scientific Pedagogical Specialized Specialized- Libraries of scien- Libraries -fiction tific and technical of Scientific information centres societies

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Libraries and library service points 9,710 8,050 1,001 272 315 52 21 13

including libraries with facilities 4,065 3,081 695 125 143 24 6 4 for the disabled

Collections (inventory units) 264,237,269 135,095,597 115,282,764 13,311,967 10,331,226 567,832 596,351 264,180

including books (volumes) 209,727,902 128,061,354 72,000,981 12,235,727 4,138,143 563,207 320,136 137,246

Usable area of library premises 1,944,453 1,080,540 812,481 90,915 34,484 3,798 3,325 1,823 (in sq.m.)

Places for readers 175,538 118,922 51,077 5,731 2,239 275 233 142

Employees (overall number) 34,980 23,594 10,538 2,025 469 75 35 11

including employees involved 28,087 18,278 9,112 1,395 423 75 35 9 in basic activities

Library units equipped with 8,930 7,538 843 272 238 26 19 8 computers

Computers used in library units 72,159 47,526 22,538 3,913 658 72 51 18

including computers with access 37,752 26,239 9,972 1,748 287 21 24 11 for readers and the Internet access

*The column 1 is not the sum of columns 2-8 because 13 public libraries (column 2) and 1 pedagogical library (column 4) are also scientific libraries and are also included in column 3.

FIELDS OF CULTURE AND NATIONAL HERITAGE 22 NUMBER OF LIBRARIES AND LIBRARY SERVICE POINTS IN POLAND IN 2015 AS REPORTED BY THE CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE OF POLAND (GUS) – INSTITUTIONAL POTENTIAL

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Libraries and library service points 9,710 8,050 1,001 272 315 52 21 13 including libraries with facilities 4,065 3,081 695 125 143 24 6 4 for the disabled

Collections (inventory units) 264,237,269 135,095,597 115,282,764 13,311,967 10,331,226 567,832 596,351 264,180 including books (volumes) 209,727,902 128,061,354 72,000,981 12,235,727 4,138,143 563,207 320,136 137,246

Usable area of library premises 1,944,453 1,080,540 812,481 90,915 34,484 3,798 3,325 1,823 (in sq.m.)

Places for readers 175,538 118,922 51,077 5,731 2,239 275 233 142

Employees (overall number) 34,980 23,594 10,538 2,025 469 75 35 11 including employees involved 28,087 18,278 9,112 1,395 423 75 35 9 in basic activities

Library units equipped with 8,930 7,538 843 272 238 26 19 8 computers

Computers used in library units 72,159 47,526 22,538 3,913 658 72 51 18 including computers with access 37,752 26,239 9,972 1,748 287 21 24 11 for readers and the Internet access

*The column 1 is not the sum of columns 2-8 because 13 public libraries (column 2) and 1 pedagogical library (column 4) are also scientific libraries and are also included in column 3. Source: Data provided by the Central Statistical Office of Poland (GUS) based on the K-03 form.

FIELDS OF CULTURE AND NATIONAL HERITAGE 23 FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 Total Specialized-fiction li Specialized libraries Scientific libraries SERVICE POINTS Libraries of scientific Libraries of scientific Pedagogical libraries Public libraries LIBRARIES /LIBRARY tion centres braries and technical informa societies SELECTED INDICATORS –POTENTIAL (128,061,354), followed by scientific libraries (72,000,981) and pedagogical (209,727,902 books and 23,797,000 magazines), 29,814,000 other non- libraries (12,235,727). compared peronelibrary. on physical media. Public libraries own the highest number of books electronic inventory units and898,300 electronic inventory units stored Source: Owncalculationsbasedonthedata provided by theCentral Statistical of Office Poland (GUS). Polish libraries show even more diverse potential with their indicators 0 - - SELECTED INDICATORS –POTENTIAL per onelibrary 115,168 28,398 32,798 20,322 10,920 48,941 16,782

27,213 Collections per one library (inventory units) 1

Computers with 10.0

0.8 the Internet access 0.9 6.4 3.9 0.4 3.3 1.1 2 available to readers

Employees involved 2.9 2.3 1.3 0.7 1.4 9.1 5.1 in basic activities 1.7 3

24 Usable 200 334 109 158 140 812 134

73 area (sq.m.) 4

Number of places for readers 18 15 51 21 11 11 5 5 7 FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 0 208,801,500, including the amount of PLN 114,739,100 spent by scientific with greatest resources ofthiskind.Out29,751,703 licensedtitles ac users; pedagogical libraries for 274,600 users, andother libraries (special information centres andscientificsocieties) for 42,300 users. ized andspecialized-fiction libraries, libraries ofscientificand technical by other libraries. libraries; PLN87,414,300 spentby publiclibraries; andPLN9,779,600 spent andlicenses.In2015,lections thetotal spendingfor thispurposewas PLN ber oflicensespurchased by pedagogical andspecialisedlibraries, aswell libraries, whileonly 3,302,168 are owned by publiclibraries. Thetotal num public libraries accountfor 6,232,900 users; scientificlibraries for 1,421,800 manner ofexploiting resources. Beyond doubt, thehighest socialis impact resources andtasks to assigned and them,influencetheirsocialimpact exerted by public libraries. Inthe total numberoflibrary users (7,771,200), bycessed libraries, asmuch26,366,230 titlesare owned by scientific ers with toaccess new licenses, changes the situation in terms of libraries affects theamountofexpenses incurred by libraries onthepurchase ofcol as libraries ofscientific and technical information centres andscientific Source: Data provided by theCentral Statistical of Office Poland (GUS) basedonthe K-03 form. societies, is106,866. In thousand Scientificlibraries Publiclibraries The institutional potential shown by Polish libraries, aswell astheir The variety of methods used by libraries to build up their collections Upgrading by bookcollections purchasing licensesandproviding read NUMBER OFLIBRARY INPOLAND, USERS BY TYPEOFLIBRARY 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 Otherlibraries Pedagogical libraries 6,232.9 6,000 25 7,000 1,421.8 274.6 42.3 8,000 - - - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 4,033,300 loans;andother libraries for 391,300 loans.Ontheother hand,loans 1,655,600 downloads inspecialized libraries; and1,183,300 downloads 284,600 inventory units loanedto readers inreading rooms. Scientific andpedagogical libraries were involved inthe preparation ofsuch (20,424,100) orpedagogical libraries (2,287,000). Inother libraries, there were were organized by public libraries (andnearly7millionpeopleparticipated). Out ofthetotal numberof131,875,700 and loans(loansofbookcollections to readers in reading rooms (41,477,300 inventory units) are most common trainings and educational activities also varies, depending on their operations in different typesoflibraries proves thattheirsituation isvaried, telling in pedagogical libraries. Theseproportions are similarregarding thenum in scientificlibraries (21,076,300 loans),butare frequent less inpubliclibraries ber ofviews ofpublicationsfrom digital libraries. Outofthe total number ber offilesdownloaded inlibraries was 57,380,100, including39,426,900 by users ofscientificlibraries; 26,247,000 sessions were created by users ber of73,894,400 registered 46,263,400 sessions, were sessions created library. However, itoccurs mainlyinscientificlibraries. Outofthe total num loans; scientificlibraries for 13,882,600 loans;pedagogical libraries for public libraries accountfor 31,640,400 views; specialized libraries account of theireffectiveness andusage ofresources andservices. of 93,824,900 suchviews, scientificlibraries account for 69,669,300 views; downloads inscientific libraries; 16,053,300 downloads inpubliclibraries; cal libraries. Among other libraries, particular attention should be given to of publiclibraries; and447,600 were sessions created by users ofpedagogi other publiclibraries kindsofcollections), accountfor asmuch116,002,900 promotional activities, e.g. establishing literary meetings and discussions, organized by libraries was 312,700. Amongthem,asmany as303,900 events and 5,334 events with similarintensityactivities butonasmallerscale. They organized 5,368 and educational activities, 3millionwereand educationalactivities, publiclibrary users (428,000 were scale.and impact Outofthetotal numberof3.5 millionparticipants ofcourses specialized libraries with2,064,000 registered Thetotal sessions. num special events, exhibitions andtrainings. In2015, theoverall numberofevents for 902,600 views The summaryofindicators concerningtheusage oflibrary resources inlibrariesThe useofe-services varies dependingonthetypeofagiven An important ofoperations aspect undertaken by Polish libraries are their Public libraries also dominate themarket interms ofout-of-library loans. , respectively. Thecontributionoflibraries inestablishing , andpedagogical libraries accountfor 391,200 views 26 . - - - -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 libraries Pedagogical libraries Scientific Public libraries Total* centres information and technical of scientific Libraries librariesfiction Specialized- libraries Specialized societies of scientific Libraries 0 POINTS SERVICE LIBRARY LIBRARIES /

AND ELECTRONIC RESOURCES IMPACT SCALE: READERS, USAGE OFCOLLECTIONS Source: Data provided by theCentral Statistical of Office Poland (GUS) basedonthe K-03 form. 1 pedagogical library thatalsohave thestatus ofascientificlibrary. the numbers concerningscientific libraries include data on 13 publiclibraries and * Total does not denote the sum of all subsequent rows presented in columns because

6,232.9 Readers 1,421.8 7,771.2 274.6 20.6 19.2 0.6 1.9 1 Usage 116,002.9 131,875.7 13,882.6

4,033.3 Out-of-library loans 240.9 131.4 14.3 4.7 2 21,076.3 20,424.1 41,477.3 Loans to users 2,287.0 223.8 In thousand 29.6 23.2 in reading rooms NUMBER 7.9 3 46,263.4 73,894.4 26,247.0

2,064.0 Sessions 447.6 6.0 3.5 4 - 39,426.9 16,053.3

57,380.1

1,655.6 Downloaded files 1,183.3 27 0.5 4.4 5 - 69,669.3 93,824.9 31,640.4 Views of publications 902.6 391.2 from digital libraries 0.6 0.3 6 -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 of Poland (GUS). Source: Owncalculationsbasedonthedata provided by theCentral Statistical Office andspecialcollections. *The sumofbookcollections SELECTED INDICATORS –IMPACT SCALE (USAGE) societies scientific Libraries of centres information and technical scientific Libraries of librariesfiction Specialized- libraries Specialized libraries Pedagogical Scientific libraries Public libraries Total SERVICE POINTS LIBRARY LIBRARIES / 0 SELECTED INDICATORS –USAGE Readers 1,009 1,420 per one library 800 397 774 90 44 61 1

Collection usage* per one 0.05 0.03 0.07 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.7 1.0 inventory unit 2

Collection usage* per one reader 28 25 23 23 22 22 22 18 13 3

Number of downloads 86.1 27.7 4.3 2.6 2.3 1.0 7.4

4 per one reader - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 “Public Libraries inFigures” statistical yearbook, whichsummarizes activi zasoby-cyfrowe-i-linki/elektroniczne-publikacje-bn/biblioteki-publiczne- fice of Poland (GUS)) insubsequent years ispresented inthe form of table (public libraries andother libraries covered by theCentral Statistical Of w-liczbach). At thesame time, there are numerous works carriedoutwithin who are now calledconsumers instead ofreaders orclients. types oflibraries covered by statistics, theOffice butalsoaddresses awider ties oflibraries basedonthedata provided by theCentral Statistical Office ternal environment to adjust theiroperations to theneedsofvarious target introduction of digital services ies ofeachkind(decline inthenumberofunits). But,atthesame time, it institutional potential oflibraries shows areduction inthenumberoflibrar going beyond thephysical walls ofinstitutions (e.g. by providing remote ac groups ofusers oflibrary services.Thekey elementofthesechangesisthe issued 5,383issued titlesoutofall6,955 titlespublishedby alllibraries in2015). 5 range related ofissues to changesintheoperations oflibraries, suchasthe reviews theoperations undertaken by Polish libraries. Ithaspublishedits relations withlibrary users iskey to influencingtheidentificationofusers, potential ofPolish libraries anddiverse nature oftheiroperations, aswell of Poland (GUS), since1972 tocess library resources), engaging users inshapingthespaceoflibraries develop their services and change the manner of communicating with ex erations, prevailed over other libraries inthenumberofown publications(they a new title–“State ofPolish libraries. Report” and servicesoffered by them.Enhancinglibrary servicesandstrengthening also proves thatlibraries upgrade theiroffers, implementnew technologies, as different target groups summaries on the website of the National Library (http://www.bn.org.pl/ simultaneous development oftraditional anddigital (electronic) resources, specialized libraries, whichare not active intheabove-describedarea ofop scientific library users; 212,500 were pedagogical library users). Whereas

The Institute andReadership ofBook oftheNationalLibrary regularly All numericaldata ontheoperations undertaken by Polish libraries

It is possible toIt ispossible outline characteristic trends, dependingonthevaried

The observations concerning the operations of public libraries are confirmed dation, FRSI) andinotherdation, FRSI) European countries. by reports prepared both in Poland (Information Society Development Foun 5 . Ontheonehand,analysis ofthestate and . In2012, theyearbook started to under beissued . . Not onlydoesitincludeother 29 ------FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

_wynikajacych_ze_stosowania_technologii_--informacyjno-komunikacyj -statystycznego/ on:October [accessed 3, 2016]. -w-bibliotekach-program-rozwoju-bibliotek-w-danych-glownego-urzedu The NationalLibrary. /artykuly/Europejskie_badanie_opinii_uzytkownikow_na_temat_korzysci 29, 2016]. Why Poles need libraries. Report summarising three years of the Library Library the of years three summarising Report libraries. need Poles Why libraries? in changed has What Palfrey J., Quick S.,Quick Prior G.,Toombs B., Taylor L.,Currenti R., B. Budyńska, M. Jezierska, G. Lewandowicz-Nosal, G. Walczewska-Klimczak, “Public Libraries inFigures” (Yearbooks for theperiod1971–2011), Warsaw, Budyńska B., Jezierska M., Lewandowicz-Nosal G., Walczewska-Klimczak G., “State ofPolish libraries. Report 2012” (typescript) Melinda Gates Foundation, 2013 [online document] http://www.biblioteki.org Hardcover Programme, Development 2012 of as Poland in Libraries as Poland in Libraries Polish libraries. Theseworks allow deeperknowledge onschoollibraries or the framework ofregular monitoring oftrends andprocesses occurringin bn.org.pl/396/Biblioteki-w-Polsce-w-2012-roku.html on:August [accessed nych_w_bibliotekach_publicznych.html on:May25, [accessed 2016]. libraries, public in ICT of benefits the of perceptions users’ measure public libraries for children andyoung adults. on: October 3, 2016]. org/dam/.../RAPORT_PO_CO_POLAKOM_BIBLIOTEKI_www.pdf [accessed 2014dation (FRSI), [online document]http://frsi.org.pl/co-sie-zmienilo BiblioTech: , New York 2015.

Why Libraries Matter More Than Ever in the Age of Google Google of Age the in Ever Than More Matter Libraries Why

of 2012 of 2012, [online document]http://www.biblioteki. , “Polish Libraries” 2014, Vol. 2. , 2016 [online document]http://ksiegarnia. Information Society Development Foun Cross-European survey to to survey Cross-European 30 Bill and Bill and -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 NUMBER OFINSTITUTIONS The best available data on the activities undertaken by this group of institu The largest group ofcultural institutions inPoland, next to libraries, are cul The NationalCentre for Culture, Poland 2011 (3,708), thenumber oftheseinstitutions hasslightlyincreased inrecent years. Now itamounts to 4,070. Almost two inthree (63.2%) cultural centres CENTRES CULTURAL Office of Office Poland (GUS).Based onthedata provided by GUS, there were 4,070 tions, includingcultural centres andestablishments, clubsandcommunity tural centres andestablishments, clubs,andcommunitycentres. They carry the MałopolskieProvince (444). Thelowest numberofsuchinstitutions tablishments, clubsandcommunitycentres isbeyond doubt located in is intheLubuskie Province (78). Significant territorial discrepancies also institutions of thiskindoperating inPoland in2015. After reaching abottom in centres, is contained in the yearbooks published by the Central Statistical other things,festivals, exhibitions, theatre performances andconcerts. They cultural educationandsupportingamateur they activities, organize, among out arange ofdiversified cultural Apartfrom activities. cultural animation, emerge when comparing the ratio between the number of institutions and thenumberofinhabitants. Inthisrespect, thebest situation isin and establishments, clubsand communitycentres are situated inrural areas. say thatcultural centres focus thecultural life within,like alens. In territorial terms, thehighest numberofcultural centres andes 31 - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 4,000 5,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Source: Central Statistical of Office Poland (GUS), DataLocal Bank, own study CLUBS ANDCOMMUNITYCENTRES INPOLAND OVERALL NUMBEROFCULTURAL CENTRES ANDESTABLISHMENTS, the Zachodnio-pomorskieProvince (4,900 inhabitants peroneunit)and in thePodkarpackie Province (6,000 inhabitants peroneunit).Theworst situation isintheMazowieckie Province (18,900 inhabitants peroneunit). 2005 2007 2009 2011 2012 20 13 32 20 14 20 15 FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE 2016 78 PROVINCE LUBUSKIE 350 PROVINCE -POMORSKIE ZACHODNIO 302 PROVINCE DOLNOŚLĄSKIE 313 PROVINCE WIELKOPOLSKIE AND COMMUNITYCENTRES INPOLAND NUMBER OFCULTURAL CENTRES ANDESTABLISHMENTS, CLUBS Source: Central Statistical of Office Poland (GUS), DataLocal Bank, own study 321 PROVINCE POMORSKIE 214 PROVINCE OPOLSKIE 221 PROVINCE KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIE 366 PROVINCE ŚLĄSKIE 187 PROVINCE ŁÓDZKIE 444 PROVINCE MAŁOPOLSKIE 148 PROVINCE WARMIŃSKO-MAZURSKIE 282 PROVINCE MAZOWIECKIE 135 PROVINCE ŚWIĘTOKRZYSKIE 352 PROVINCE PODKARPACKIE 33 167 PROVINCE PODLASKIE 190 PROVINCE LUBELSKIE FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 STATE ANDLOCAL FUNDING GOVERNMENT INFRASTRUCTURE The vast majority ofinstitutions categorised ascultural centres andestab The performance of diversified cultural issimplified activities by relatively 100,000 more seats thancinemas. 2016, localgovernments invested thesumofalmost PLN254 millionincultural (92109) are predominantly funded by local governments and, simultaneously, In total, allentertainment venues owned by theinstitutions inquestion of tres andestablishments, communitycentres andclubs,as well asartand this iswhere local governments allocate thehighest share oftheirexpenses. In items. Thestate’s contributionto thefinancingofcultural centres isnegli in localgovernment spendingoncultural centres amounts to 45%. gible, whilethebudget ofartandculture centres isdistributed almost evenly lishments, clubsandcommunitycentres were public(93.4%). Dueto the by comparing this numberwiththeofseats incinemas.Cultural huge infrastructure facilities. In2015, 67% ofallinstitutions categorised as between localgovernments andthestate. Thisreflects the role played by the line. The highest financialcontributionsare made by countycitieswhoseshare municipalities (without countycities),i.e. over PLN1.5billion. ments. Thehighest share offunds earmarked for thispurposeisallocated by method of classifying budgetary expenses, it is possible to compare culture culture centres gives afuller accountoffunding theanalysed budgetary centres, which represents nearly30% ofallculture spendingoflocalgovern centres ofbudget (section – classification 92113). centres and clubs (section of budget classification – 92109), 2) art and culture centres andestablishments, clubsandcommunitycentres offer by over cultural centres andestablishments, clubsandcommunitycentres useda are distributed more evenly than in the case of the previously analysed budget art and culture centres. analysis An in-depth of expenditures shows thatfunds spending intwo groups: 1)cultural centres andestablishments, community separate building.As muchas2,172 ofthemowned anentertainment venue. fered 377,783 standard seats. Thescaleofthisphenomenoncanbeassessed The analysis ofthegeneral structure ofpublicspending oncultural cen In 2016, localgovernment authoritiesallocated atotal ofPLN 254 million to Cultural centres and establishments, community centres and clubs 34 - - - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 County cities 19% Source: Ministry ofFinance, own study CLUBS (AS PLANNEDFOR 2016) CENTRES ANDESTABLISHMENTS, COMMUNITYCENTRES AND STRUCTURE OFLOCAL GOVERNMENT SPENDINGONCULTURAL Total Provinces Counties County cities Municipalities withoutcountycities LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT

Provinces 4%

2,044,994,701 76,756,803 4,200,901 393,164,897 1,570,872,100 FOR 2016 INPLN EXPENDITURES PLANNED county cities without Municipalities 77% 35 FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 Source: Ministry ofFinance, own study Provinces 19% AND CULTURE CENTRES (2016) STRUCTURE OFLOCAL GOVERNMENT SPENDINGONART Total Counties Provinces County cities Municipalities withoutcountycities LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT County cities 45% Counties 2% 253,923,518 5,318,485 48,267,317 115,032,864 85,304,852 FOR 2016 INPLN EXPENDITURES PLANNED 36 cities without county Municipalities 34% FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 governments State Local STRUCTURE OFPUBLICSPENDING (2015) Source: Ministry ofFinance, own study 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CENTRES CLUBS ANDCOMMUNITY AND ESTABLISHMENTS, CULTURAL CENTRES 2,035 m 6 m CENTRES ART ANDCULTURE 37

246 m 246 227 m FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 TRAINING NEEDS TRAINING ABOUT THE NATIONAL THE ABOUT CENTRE FOR CULTURE, POLAND The National Centre for Culture, Poland has carried out theCulture Centre + The goalofthiseditionwas to undertake aimedatwideningaccess activities (one-off workshops(one-off lasting several hours) (73%),exchanging experiences with other persons involved (72%)andcourses insimilaractivities (lasting was carriedout During the years 2014–2015, a nationwide diagnosis of improving qualifications 6 useful form ofimproving competencies by respondents (54%). their competencies towards iswillingness self-development. that 39%ofemployees ofcentres ofculture whoimprove theircompetencies the state isconcentrated onsuperregional institutions. to culture, creating conditions fostering the development of cooperation invest intraining outside theirworking hours atleast onceayear. Themain benefit from improving qualificationsisthe employee’s own satisfaction. The programme since2010. Thefirst editionoftheCulture Centre +programme maximum several days) (64%). Conferences are considered to be the least most important factor discouraging employees from participationintrainings conditions favourable to moderncultural education. of tools supporting the functioning of cultural centres andestablishments conducted by theNationalCentre for Culture, Poland was designedasaset conducted with900respondents from allover Poland. Theresults showed of staff employed incentres ofculture, cultural centres andestablishments are financialbarriers (52%) andthemain factor encouraging them to improve authorities are focused ontheoperations oflocalculture institutions, while and communication, mobilising civic activity in the cultural space, creating and centres ofculture insmalltowns ofpopulationbelow 20,000 inhabitants. state and local government authorities in culture funding. Local government

According to respondents, theoptimum form oftraining are workshops

B. Dziadzia et al., Culture, Cultural Centres and Establishments and Centres Cultural Culture, Katowice 2015; own study 6 . Based onarandom. Based sample ofinstitutions, interviews were Improving Qualifications of Staff Employed in Centres of of Centres in Employed Staff of Qualifications Improving , Regional Observatory of Culture, 38 FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 self-satisfaction Only 36% Yes, inpart 21% No 21% tural Centres and Establishments and Centres tural Source: B. Dziadzia et al., QUALIFICATIONS? DOES YOUR EMPLOYER REFUNDTHECOSTS OFIMPROVING Establishments and Centres tural Source: B. Dziadzia et al., DOES IMPROVEMENT OFQUALIFICATIONS BRINGANYBENEFITS?

4% No answer Improving Qualifications of Staff Employed in Centres of Culture, Cul Culture, of Centres in Employed Staff of Qualifications Improving Improving Qualifications of Staff Employed in Centres of Culture, Cul Culture, of Centres in Employed Staff of Qualifications Improving 34% , Regional Observatory ofCulture, Katowice 2015; own study , Regional Observatory ofCulture, Katowice 2015; own study No Yes 30% Yes, infull 54% 39 - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 The aimoftheCulture Centre+ ArtEducation was to create conditionsfos To pursue thisobjective, these entitiesare substantially supported by acul (grants for educationalandanimation-related “soft”projects). Apartfrom within theCulture Centre+ Programme SupportNetwork (website, social National Centre for Culture, Poland, grants for complementary trainings Centre for Culture, Poland. Thefirst stage ofaproject implemented by the Culture Centre+ Local Initiatives programme. Theprogramme the assumes urban, urban-rural andrural municipalities.Theprogramme thejoint assumes the engagement of cultural centres and establishments, as well as art and tural capital ofits members, aswell asculture-forming resources ofthese tering thedevelopment ofsocialcapital withtheuseof resources owned through the implementation of educational activities in art-related subjects. the prioritiesmentionedabove, theNationalCentre for Culture, Poland has tural operator prepared for thisrole by anorganisation selected by theNational initiation of activities leadingtoinitiation ofactivities theenhacementofengagement ofcultural interinstitutional cooperation. in thediagnosisofalocalcommunity andthepreparation ofa competition ing bottom-up culture-forming initiatives undertaken by the inhabitants of beneficiaries of the Culture Centre+ Local Initiatives programme consists of by cultural centres andto establish coalitionsfor culture inthecontext of participation oflocalgovernment cultural institutions andlocalcommunities. media, conferences, meetings, publications). culture centres communities. of localcommunities,discovering andenhancingthepotential andcul centres andestablishments, aswell asartandculture centres, inthelife of theprogramme). Theparticipationintheprogramme partner assumed development strategy, ofdevelopment thesubmission strategy to the edition took partinthePriority 1Trainings (trainings onthebuildingof also launchedabroad range ofweb-basedoperations andfunctionalities ship cooperation between cultural centres orestablishments andschools for localinitiatives by thelocalcentre ofculture. Next, thecentre ofculture for proposals to theCulture Centre+ Programme ArtEducation (2ndedition for thestaff ofcultural institutions), andtheninPriority 2Development The aimoftheCulture Centre+ Local Initiatives programme isto increase Since 2013, theNationalCentre for Culture, Poland hascarriedoutthe In August 2012, the National Centre for Culture, Poland launched a call During theyears 2010–2011, theparticipants ofthe programme’s first , inthelife oflocalcommunities by discovering andsupport 40 - - - - -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Central Statistical of Office Poland (GUS), B. Dziadzia et al., Poland, the beneficiaries start executing thesecondpartofproject –the Culture, Cultural Centres and Establishments and Centres Cultural Culture, ture, Katowice 2015. is directed by thesecentres ofculture thatare ready to innovative conduct implementation ofselected projects by theirauthors –therepresentatives representatives ofagiven localcommunity. mentation ofthefirst stage oftheproject by theNational Centre for Culture, cultural animationprojects basedontheresults ofanearlierdiagnosisand of localcommunitiessupported by cultural establishments. Theprogramme subject tosubject evaluation, aswell asfocusing oncloseanddirect cooperation with selects from 3 to 7local initiatives. After the approval of the report onimple 247 beneficiariesparticipated intheprogramme attheendof2016. Improving Qualifications of Staff Employed in Centres of of Centres in Employed Staff of Qualifications Improving Edited by: Tomasz Kukołowicz, MarlenaModzelewska, The NationalCentre for Culture, Poland Culture in 2015. in Culture , Regional Observatory ofCul 41 - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 “Let’s imaginethatyou are afilmcritic, hibernated manydecadesago, who The Polish FilmInstitute 7 Wasilewski, director ofthe woke up in today’s world. You would probably be deeply shocked. Why? Fontaine reached exceptional attendance levels inFrench cinemas. Thefilm Polish FilmInstitute have gained numerous prestigious awards onanin Because there is probably nothing else in Poland that has changed as much CINEMATOGRAPHY ternational level. Duringthe66thInternational Berlin FilmFestival, Tomasz in the ists. InthemiddleofOctober 2016, Polish titleswere seenby over 8.5 million present atthe key globalcinematography events, winningtherecognition received theprestigious Lampart statuette for hisrole asZdzisław Beksiński during the73rd openinggala oftheVenice International FilmFestival was of audiencesandexcellent reviews offilmcritics. as cinematography.” and European directors. a well-earned,deserved distinctionfor oneofthemost important Polish seen by over 720,000 viewers inthiscountry. starring Agata Kulesza, Agata Buzek, JoannaKulig andAnnaPróchniak was for thebest screenplay. Duringthe69th MFFinLocarno, Andrzej Seweryn The GoldenLionfor Jerzy Skolimowski for hislifetime achievements Viewers inPolish cinemascontinueto choosefilmsdirected by localart In 2016, documentary fiction, andanimatedco-financed filmsby the Last Family Last W. Orliński, saw 2015, p. 8. 10 Years of Emotions. Polish Cinema 2005–2015 Cinema Polish Emotions. of Years 10 directed by JanP. Matuszyński. Polish films were also 7 United States of Love of States United , was awarded theprize The Innocents The 42 , Agora S.A., War, Agora S.A., by Anne - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 POLISH FILM INDUSTRY POLISH FILM DEVELOPMENT OFTHE The Polish film market was enriched by 140 new companies offering abroad viewers (which ismore thanintheentire year of2015). Taking accountoffilm 8 was sosmallthatthere was noneedto procedures carryoutanyselection dur Film Institute686 documentary fiction, andanimated co-financed films. Institute was established. For thefirst 10 years ofits operations, the Polish For the Polish cinema,the political transformation of1989 resulted ina major tendance atPolish productions was muchhigherinthewholeof2016. This tival. Inonecasethejurydidnot award themainprize –theGoldenLions.The in thefieldoffilm withoneorproduction even more partners, including foreign ing themost important nationalcinematography event –theGdyniaFilmFes in the form of hegemonic American cinemas. Cinemas not generating enough huge success washuge success dueto, amongother things,theexistence andoperations broken themonopolyofbiggest companiesthathadproduced allfilms by theAct onCinematography adopted in2005, underwhichthePolish Film breakdown. Film-makers were overwhelmed by free market andcompetition premieres plannedby distributors for thelast quarter of2016, includingmuch narrow specialisation inthespecific equipmentand technologies provision, Thecontemporarynational co-productions. Polish market offilmservicesis made inPoland before thefoundation oftheInstitute. range ofopportunities inthefieldoffilm andservices.Thishas production of thePolish FilmInstitute. expected ones. Duringthefirst 10 years, the Polish FilmInstitute 121inter co-financed revenues had no chance to flourish. The number of films produced in Poland political transformation, we becameoneofmanyEuropean countries–situated as well ascompaniesoffering afull range offilmservices. also well-developed. Theparticipants ofthismarket are both companieswith far away from thecentre oftheworld andshowing nospecialcharacteristics global audiencealsostopped beinginterested inPolish cinema. The conditionsfor therevival ofPolish cinematography were provided

Polish filmmakers started to join forces andnow undertake cooperation

T. Lubelski, p. 635. Wołyń by Wojciech Smarzowski, there isnodoubt thatthefinalat History of Polish Cinema 1895–2014 Cinema Polish of History , Universitas, Cracow 2015, 43 “ Following the .” 8 - - - -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 INTERNATIONAL FAME OFPOLISHCINEMA 10 film festivals andcompetitions, programmes onprofessionalism, digital re film industry, tourism andnationalheritage abroad. within theframework ofpromoting filmculture. In Poland, about 150 film were includedintheprogrammes ofthemost important world film festivals, 9 During thefirst 10 years oftheInstitute’s activity, Polish filmmakers brought they are newcomers whoshow oneofthemost interesting faces ofthePol this kind are operating. All of them constitute an additional source film tute andits partners developed proposals concerningtheorganisational internationally. ish cinema.In2015, thedébutfilmsco-financedby PolishFilmInstitute ing foreign investments andproductions to ourregion. In2015, despite the in theterritory ofPoland andstimulating localentrepreneurship by attract goal of the Film Commission Polandgoal oftheFilmCommission isto promote thepotential ofthePolish home over 2,900 awards from international festivals. Polish films were nom projects were from co-financed theOperational Programme Education and newcomers participated in contests organised within the most important many, Great Britain, India,Israel andtheUSA were madeinPoland productions financing. construction and cinema-related publications. In 2016, more than 170 such cinematography festivals inKarlovy Vary, Locarno andSan Sebastian. directing projects. Two generations ofartists have madeadébutsofar and creating conditions for theimplementation of international filmproductions absence ofanytax incentive system, films by film crews from France, Ger and legal form ofthesefunds. For thetimebeing,10 localinitiatives of such asthefestivals inCannes, Toronto Berlin, orVenice. Thisyear, Polish festivals are currently beingorganized

The Polish Film Institute financially supports many initiatives, including A regional network offilm funds was launched.The Polish FilmInsti Within 10 years of its operations, the Institute co-financed 188 début Moreover, Poland theFilmCommission was established withanaimof _1_2016_double.pdf on:10th [accessed October, 2016] http://filmcommissionpoland.pl/assets/Zalaczniki/Polish_Film_Magazine A. Wróblewska,A. Warsaw 2014. Film Market in Poland in Market Film 9 , twenty ofwhich are recognized , Wojciech Marzec PublishingHouse, 44 10 . Another . Another ------

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 BY THE POLISH FILM INSTITUTE POLISHFILM BY THE PRODUCTIONFUNDINGFILM

2015. Inthesame year, two other Polish titleswere nominated to theOscar 13 12 11 Polish animationfilms were screened over 600 timesatinternational fes Polish short films were screened over 1,300 timesat international festivals Polish documentary films were screened over 460 times at international 90.5 million of this sum was allocated to film production, PLN 25 million to In 2016, thePolish FilmInstitute plannedto invest PLN133.5 millionin all Park Utah (MFFSundance), Locarno Berlin, andVenice. They stand agood tivals andreceived almost 50awards the Polish documentary school renown. times. A symbolic confirmation ofthe constantly growing quality of Polish inated to the Academy Award for the Best Foreign Language Film three my Award. In2016, the student’s Oscar was won by Klara Kochańska who cinemas, andPLN8millionto thepromotion ofPolish filmabroad. education andfilmculture promotion, PLN6million to thedevelopment of directed entitled ashortfiction chance ofreceiving further distinctions,includingtheEuropean FilmAcade- of Polish cinematography, whichwas granted to cinema as a brand was the first Oscar award inthis category inthehistory areas of its activities within the Operational Programmes. As much as PLN and received almost 150 awards award inthecategory oftheBestDocumentary Thisproves ShortSubject. festivals andreceived more than90awards

In 2016, Polish artists were awarded, amongothers, atthefestivals in In 2015: _animowanych_-_podsumowanie_2015_roku [10th October, 2016]. _czyli_polskie_filmy_krotkometrazowe_na_zagranicznych_festiwalach 2016]. http://polishanimations.pl/pl/aktualnosci/2850/sukcesy_polskich_filmow http://polishshorts.pl/pl/aktualnosci/2855/podsumowanie_roku_2015 http://polishdocs.pl/pl/aktualnosci/2799/polski_dokument_na_zagranicz [accessed on:10th[accessed October, 2016]. nych_festiwalach_-_podsumowanie_2015_roku on:10th [accessed October, The Tenants. The 12 ; 13 . 11 ; Ida by Paweł Pawlikowski in 45 -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 Education 25 of cinemas Development 6 OF THEPOLISHFILMINSTITUTE IN2016 (INPLNMILLION) PLANNED EXPENDITURES ONOPERATIONAL PROGRAMMES film producers must apply to the Polish FilmInstitute for oneofthree tion carriedoutby experts whoare appointed by theMinister ofCulture expenses are distributed by theGeneral Director oftheInstitute. earmarked for film production, while the remaining 20%ofbudgetary ers of the expert committee decide on the distribution of 80% of funds composed ofrepresentatives offilm,literary andartcommunities. Lead and NationalHeritage for theterm of12months. Thegroup of experts is Source: ThePolish FilmInstitute sessions takingsessions placeeachyear. There isatwo-stage project evalua To obtain funding from theOperational Programme FilmProduction, abroad cinematography of Polish Promotion 8

other purposes awards, Experts, 4 46 production Film 90.5 - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 CINEMA BOOM CINEMA 50 30 40 20 10 0 The mission ofthePolishThe mission FilmInstitute hasnot onlybeento restore the 7 milliontickets to 37 Polishco-produced films orfilms by Poland.The top 22%. Duringthefirst eightmonthsof2016, Polish cinemassold almost fiction films.Thenumberofdocumentaryfiction films offered in Polishcinemas films was 700,000 (3% market share). After ten years oftheInstitute’s ac watched inPoland. In2015, themost popularfilm was NUMBER OF VIEWERS (INMILLION) NUMBER OFVIEWERS Bogowie Polish cinematography. In2005, the total numberoftickets soldto Polish Polish filmmarket, butalsotheconfidenceofaudienceand its faithin tivity, Polish viewers boughttwelve timesmore tickets (8.3 million)to see has alsoincreased. Intheannualbox office rankings, thedomestic titles production (almost 2.9 million viewers), while in 2014 it was the Polish film position in this year’s box office is taken by another Polish film domestic filmproductions and gained asignificantlywiderchoiceof Polish Source: boxoffice.pl singli successfully compete withUSproductions asthetop ten most popularfilms 2005 23 In the past five years, the average market share of Polish films exceeded .6 (over 1.9 millionviewers). 2006 (more than2.1 millionviewers). 32 2007 32.6 2008 33.8 2009 39 .2 20 37 .5 10 2011 38 .7 2012 38.5 Listy do M. 2 M. do Listy 20 36.3 47 13 20 40 14 .4 ofPolish Planeta Planeta 20 44 15 .7 -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 1 12 0 8 0 6 4 2 2016, cinemasinPoland soldover 31.5 tickets and7millionviewers chose 2015, experienced arecord-breaking attendance atthelevel of44.7 million viewers ten years later. At thesame time, duringthefirst eightmonthsof within thePolish Digital CinemasNetwork, whichisnow composedof124 NUMBER OF VIEWERS OFPOLISHFILMS(INMILLION) NUMBER OFVIEWERS the digitizationofcinemas,withinwhichallarthousecinemasacross Po tributors to watch filmsdirected by Polish artists. Taking into consideration therich located inbigger cities.Polish cinemas land were transformed into modern cultural establishments of high quality beneficial not only for Polish artists. In2011, itlaunchedaprogramme for positive trend willchangein2017. projection, simultaneously preserving theirspirit.Thosecinemaswhich cess cess to films,which so far have been offered aspremieres onlyin cinemas digitization have been supported by the Polish Film Institute, are united arthouse cinemas. The viewers from smaller towns and villages gained ac and varied repertoire ofPolish filmpremieres planned for Q42016 by dis Source: boxoffice.pl for thelast 11 years will continue. There are nosignsindicating thatthis 2005 0. The establishment ofthePolish FilmInstitute (PISF) turned outto be 7 2006 , 5. it can be assumed thattheupward itcanbeassumed trend consistently maintained 1 2007 8. 1 2008 8 2009 8. 5 20 5. 10 4 , whichsold23.6 milliontickets in 2011 11.8 2012 6. 2 20 48 7. 2 13 20 11 14 20 8. 15 3 - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 SELECTED PUBLICATIONS ABOUT THE POLISH FILM INSTITUTE POLISHFILM THE ABOUT

The Polish FilmInstitute (PISF) operates undertheAct onCinematography Warsaw 2014. Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, Poznań 2015. History of Polish Documentary 1945–2014 Documentary Polish of History T. Lubelski, Wróblewska, Institute ismanagedby MagdalenaSroka. Odorowicz, oftheCinematography aco-author Act, whohadperformed unions, expresses its plans,financial opinionsonactivity reports andannual undertaking its own andsupportingoperations actions ofother organisa this function for two consecutive terms before 2015. For thetimebeing, tives offilmmakers, film producers, cinemas,distributors, broadcasters, tions, includingfilmschools. to industry newcomers whoexperienced obstacles preventing themfrom budget isformed, amongothers, by payments from theFund for thePro lowing offilmproduction, goals:co-funding distribution anddissemination motion of Culture, revenues from the exploitation of films, the economic revenues to thePolish FilmInstitute. Theremaining partoftheInstitute’s made by television broadcasters, digital platforms, cableoperators, aswell reports oftheInstitute andapproves its Operational Programmes. copyrights belonging to the Institute, as well as core subsidies from the cable TVoperators anddigital platforms, aswell ascinematography trade debuting inprevious years. TheInstitute fulfils its statutory obligations by of films,promotion of Polish cinematography worldwide, providing support as cinemaowners andfilmdistributors. Allofthem allocate 1.5%oftheir age. TheCouncilofthePolish FilmInstitute, composedoftherepresenta adopted on19th August, 2005, andits statute. TheInstitute pursues thefol state budget. The primarysource ofincomethePolish FilmInstitute are payments The first General Director ofthe Polish FilmInstitute was Agnieszka The Institute issupervisedby theMinister ofCulture andNationalHerit History of Polish Cinema Polish of History Film Market in Poland in Market Film , Universitas, Cracow 2015. , Wojciech Marzec PublishingHouse, , ed.Małgorzata Hendrykowska, 49 - - - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016

.pdf [accessed on:October.pdf [accessed 10, 2016]. /dokumenty/rozne/npf2016/PISF_Polish_Docs_Shorts_Animations_2016 /apps/details?id=pl.pisf.newpolishfilms on:October [accessed 10, 2016]. /wa/viewSoftware?id=807902950&mt=8 //https://play.google.com/store Polish: Documentaries, Shorts &Animations2016, http://www.pisf.pl/files New Polish Films2016, https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa http://10latemocji.pisf.pl/ on:October [accessed 10, 2016]. Edited by: Kalina Cybulska, Rafał Jankowski, Piotr Szymański 50

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 The NationalInstitute for MuseumsandPublicCollections 17 16 15 14 Polish museumsoperate undertheAct of21st November 1996 onmuse ums. Inaccordance withtheprovisions thereof, “a museumisanon-profit the widerpublicby organising permanentandtemporary exhibitions and tion. Ontheother hand, museums are obliged to provide access to their tory Ontheonehand,they activities. are focused ongathering collections, in Poland heritage ofmankind,both tangible andintangible, informs aboutthevalues other events. this,museumsalsooffer Besides educational,publishing forcollections scientific purposes,as well asmake themaccessible for organisational entity which collects and preserves natural andcultural and scientificactivities and world history, scienceandculture, fosters cognitive andaesthetic sen and contents ofits diffuses collections, thefundamental values ofPolish storing andmaintaining theminconditionsthatsafeguard theirpreserva sitivity andprovides to access thecollected holdings.” fulfilment oftheseobligations, museumsundertake awide range of statu MUSEUMS

As shown by various estimates, there are between 844

Museum database oftheNationalInstitute for MuseumsandPublicCollec Ibidem. Act of 21st November 1996 on museums, Polish Journal of Laws of 1997, No. 5, Culture in 2014 in Culture Item 24. www.stat.gov.pl. tions (NIMOZ) asof 1st July, 2016. 17 , includinglocalbranches. Anydiscrepancies inthesefigures result , data provided by the Central Statistical Office of Poland (GUS), 15 . 16 51 14 and 964 museums and964 museums To ensure proper - - - - -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 persons run by private Museums 170 persons run by legal Museums 118 19 18 were 124 museumsentered to theState Register ofMuseums,which are MUSEUM BY ORGANISER their organiser, suchmuseumscanbedividedinto thefollowing categories: taining high standards interms ofdescribing, storing, preserving andpro referred to asregistered museums moting At museumsandtheircollections. theendofJuly2016, there of museumsintheform oftheState Register ofMuseumsaimedatmain of Culture andNationalHeritage. Thenumber ofsuchestablished institutions of museums with a relevant statute or by-laws in place is given by the Ministry amounted to 652 Source: Ownstudy basedonthedata publishedonthewebsite oftheMinistry ofCulture and from theapplicationofvarious definitionsofamuseum.The exact number National Heritage

The Ministry ofCulture and NationalHeritage alsokeeps therecord

List ofmuseums entered to the State Register ofMuseums, Public Informa List ofmuseumsthePublicInformation (BIP) Office oftheMinistry ofCulture tion Bulletin (BIP), Ministry ofCulture andNationalHeritage. and NationalHeritage. churches run by Museums 10 18 in2016. Dependingonwhichentityisconsidered to be 22 State museums ofCulture andNational Heritage 17 Museums co-run by Museums co-run theMinistry 19 . museums Local government 315 52 - - -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 -to-year basis. It means that Polish society considers these institutions, often 20 visit museums, which translates to agradual increase in attendance onayear- financing theiroperations liesmainlywiththeirorganizers. As thechartbelow 6.6, 6, 7.3 and14 museumsper100,000 inhabitants Portugal, Spain,Croatia, Finland,Latvia andSwitzerland itwas 3.50, 3.80, 3.20, there were only2.22museumsper100,000 inhabitants, whileinLithuania, tute a significant challenge for them, particularly within the scope of upgrading fortheir collections free onallseven days oftheweek), consti financialissues to thefact thatmuseumsare obligedto undertake awiderange ofstatutory illustrates, more thanhalfoftheseinstitutions receive supportfrom thestate inhabitants) doesnot determine Poland as“thecountryofmuseums”. In2014, infrastructure, preserving historic buildings, and preserving and enhancing budget (state museums,localgovernment museums).Due museums,co-run museums. Inthelast 25years, numerous investments related to thecon represent about14.68%) Incaseofmuseumsownedmuseum collections. by theMinistry ofCulture other European countries(indicated by thenumberofmuseumsper100,000 completed. organizers, museumssuccessfully handletheirfinancialsituation by raising of museums owned by local governments, it is approx. 81.4% (own revenues of theirbudget (own revenues amountto approx. 24%). Whereas, inthecase every average citizen ofPoland, whopermanentlyresides inourcountry, visits contrary to stereotypes, to beincreasingly crucialentitiesofpubliclife and in a museumatleast onceayear. additional sources offunding. and National Heritage, the funding of the organizer represents approx. 71% at least onceaweek (martyrdom museumsare obligedto provide to access andtheyactivities are alsoboundto provide to access for theircollections free stitutions ofculture, science, entertainment andremembrance policy. Almost struction ofnew museumsorthemodernisation ofexisting oneshave been

However, according to statistical data, Poles are increasingly willing to However, thesaturation ofthePolish market withmuseumscompared to It seemsthatthePolish mapofcultural institutions isjam-packed with Museums are non-profit organisations. Therefore, the responsibility for

Data provided by theNationalInstitute for Museums andPublicCollections (NIMOZ). 20 . Regardless majorfinancialcommitmentoftheir , respectively. 53 - - -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 3 20 35 25 10 15 0 5 0 ATTENDANCE (INMILLION) Source: Central Statistical of Office Poland (GUS) (Reports: Culture) 2008 20.7 2009 20.7 22.2 20 10 24.9 2011 26.7 2012 29.0 20 13 2014: 13.7 m 2013: 13.4 m Free-of-charge sightseeing 54 20 30.6 14

20 33.3 15

Source: Central Statistical of Office Poland (GUS) (Reports: Culture) FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 MUSEUM STATISTICS Taking into consideration data theaccessible onthemuseumsector, it (GUS) andanalysis reports devoted solelyto certain areas ofmuseumactivi (each institution isobligedto report to its organizer withanadditionalobli which determines to thenecessity apply various methodologies andcom which focuses atcreating acomprehensive database ofPolish museology. December 2016, thepublicationofasummaryreport basedondata col Institute for kept MuseumsandPublicCollections inmindthatits primary Each year, allmuseumsare invited to participate inthisproject, regard National Heritage, initiated aproject underthename (NIMOZ),Public Collections inconsultation withtheMinistry ofCulture and Collections (www.nimoz.pl)Collections andthededicated website ofthe update ofinformation undertaken onactivities by institutions operating the participants panelonthemuseumstatistics ofthe discussion inPoland, tistics transformation consisting inthemodernisation ofmuseums.Therefore, in ties, andoften relies onlyontheintuition ofresearchers tistical Office of tistical Office Poland (GUS), theMinistry ofCulture andNationalHeritage, the central level. The Group iscomposed ofrepresentatives oftheCentral Sta the Working Group on Museum Statistics was established at the Intermini- in themuseumsector. gation to provide statistical tables). Moreover, individualforms vary greatly, goal isnot ofdata, thecollection butthecreation ofbasicdiagnostics for lected withinthepast three years was planned.Itwillalsobeavailable for oftheir less legal status, form oforganization, size, structure or the scope reporting obligation. To satisfy the expectations ofthemuseumcommunity, mit alot oftimeto fillthemonthepartofinstitutions covered withthe downloads onthe website oftheNationalInstitute for MuseumsandPublic of theircore Theproject activities. serves asatool enablinganannual on macroeconomic data collected by theCentral Statistical of Office Poland as well astheaudience, agreed thatthere are too manyreporting systems sterial Methodological Team for Culture Statistics. Its aimisto create the should be admitted that the insight remains incomplete. It is based mainly framework for establishing anintegrated reporting system for museums at Therefore inDecember2013, theNationalInstitute for Museumsand When implementing the During the1st Congress ofMuseumProfessionals organised in May 2015, project (www.statystykamuzeow.nimoz.pl). Statistics of Museums of Statistics project, theNational Museum Statistics Museum 55 .

Museum Sta Museum ------,

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

2012. 2009, No. 50. 2017. They willmost probably ofalively bethesubject within discussion Activity of Cultural Institutions in Poland in Institutions Cultural of Prospects. Activity Development Context, Situation, Poland. in Education Museum P. Majewski, D. Folga-Januszewska, Report on the State of Museum Education in Poland in Education Museum of State the on Report Office of Office Poland (GUS) –StatisticalOffice in Cracow, www.stat.gov.pl. the museumcommunity. rewritten. New narrations of history and museum presentations of the past the of presentations museum and history of narrations New rewritten. results ofoperations undertaken by theexpert team are to bepublishedin ed. R. Kostro, K.Wóycicki, M.Wysocki, Polish History Museum,Warsaw 2014. and theNationalInstitute for Thefirst MuseumsandPublicCollections. Museums – Need for Remembrance Policy Remembrance for Need – Museums Edited by: Piotr Majewski, PhD, Katarzyna Skomorucha-Figiel Museums in Poland 1989–2008 Poland in Museums , Study oftheCentral Statistical , ed.M.Szeląg, Warsaw , in: 56 History of Poland – – Poland of History , “Muzealnictwo” ,

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 The reality makes theartists constantly lookfor new ideas,provide listeners The European artofthe21st century ismultidimensional andhasmultiple The Institute ofMusicandDance with valuable pieces ofartandcare for theirown image, asthemusicstage Internet expansion, freedom ofmedia,andglobalization.However, there are May 2011. Itwas aimedatmaking“a photographic record ofmusiclife, aswell Polish music. Thefirst In 2010, the Institute of Music and appointedDance a team of experts, under the foreword by Andrzej Kosowski, Director oftheInstitute ofMusicandDance. tions andnon-governmental organizations active inthisfield”, asit reads in the guidanceofAndrzej Chłopecki,to diagnosethestate ofthecontemporary is constantly changingandits mainplayers are constantly rotating. is constantly changinganddynamic, influenced by all factors shapingthe grammes of major festivals, orthepositionoftheiralbums insales rankings. longer dependentontheoriginalityoftheirworks orindividualstyle, butis in manyvarious fieldsandtheadoption ofanew approach. multi-dimensional commercialism. Thepositionofmusiciansinthecultural landscapeisno contemporary progress ofcivilisation: development ofnew technologies, the also influenced by theirpromotion skills,their work beingincludedinthepro also negative aspects, such as information noise, domination of mass culture, as allartists andcomposers, musicologists, journalists, critics,musicalinstitu sible to find one dominating aesthetic, attitude or trend withinit.Thepicture storylines, andthePolish musicmarket shows thesame picture. Itisimpos MUSIC Such apluralistic musiclandscaperequires theinvolvement ofspecialists Report on the State of Polish Music Polish of State the on Report 57 was publishedin - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 – from theprinted version to theextensive onlinewebsite Muzykapolska.org. The report describes the educational system, the methods of financing musical Zubel whosecompositionentitled Symphony who is the winner of the Toru Takemitsu Award 2013, the biggest and the winner ofthe“Coryphaeus ofPolish Music”Award in2015. Hecomposed Mountain Presidency in2011 closingceremony, aswell ashislatest opera City ofParis in2014, currently asthePolish acting representative inthe the Internet offered anopportunity ofmakingdeepercomparisons,showing the mediumthrough whichtheresults are shared withreaders haschanged the Institute of Music and Dance continues to carry out this research. Only interactive map. Both interms ofquality–thanks to numerous indicative and initiated andpublishedfurther nineworks, thevolume ofwhichcovered tens hop, traditional andfolk music, to dance. basis – inchronological order, and in spatialway – in the form of a dynamic, many excellent works, including porary stage ofPolish composers covers approximately 300 artists. Several mary tables andstatistics, andfinally–in an overall manner, starting from multidimensional relations, further andcomprehensive connections analyses pl. Thewebsite hasbeenfilledwithcontent ofall ten volumes of reports and most prestigious compositioncontest inJapan,theArtist Resident ofthe points attheInternational Rostrum ofComposers in Prague. Another very of themtake aprominent placeboth inthelocalandinternational music contemporary music, musicto classical alternative music, jazz, pop, rock, hip descriptive texts, aswell asinterms ofquantity–with the useofcharts, sum on thehighest level. Thepicture ofthePolish musicwas outlinedonalinear of Polish music can now be recognized as nearly complete. For the time being, of texts (2,540 pages!),suchasstatements, intermediate reports, statistics ers inthecountry’s musicallife. By2015, theInstitute had ofMusicandDance culture, legal frameworks, undertaken activities by media,publishinghouses excellent singerspecialized in theinterpretation ofmodern works Agata and charts. Thanks to thisinitiative, theinitiallymodest picture ofthestate and phonographic companies,aswell astheparticipationoflisteners andview further summaries,descriptions andanalyses. Theinstruments available via successful Polish composerontheinternational stage isMarcin Stańczyk space. Oneofthemost outstanding composers isPaweł Mykietyn –the So, whatisthepicture ofPolish musicinthe21st century? Thecontem . Specialattention shouldbepaidto themusicofacomposerand , performed at the NationalCultural Programme ofthePolish EU Second Symphony, St. Mark Passion, Third Third Passion, Mark St. Symphony, Second Not I Not received thehighest score of60 58 The Magic Magic The - - -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 “The BestSingeroftheSeason”, aswell ascriticallyacclaimeddébutofTomasz Treliński. The staging of Zbigniew Penherski, Zbigniew Bargielski, Zygmunt Krauze, Stanisław Krupowicz, Among numerous successes of Polish opera singers, two prestigious awards Witold Lutosławski andAndrzej Panufnik, whosecentenaries ofbirthhave been 20th century”, i.e. representatives ofthePolish sonorism,acurrent ofimprovised Musagète Quarter, Royal StringQuartet, Lutosławski Quartet, proModern vocal Konieczny inthetitlerole ofWozzeck intheLyric Opera inChicago2015. Piotr and others. Moss Recently, theirmusichasbeenpropagated by renowned Eugeniusz Knapik,Elżbieta Sikora andHannaKulenty, Aleksander Lasoń, Marek Chołoniewski, Krzysztof Knittel, Paweł Szymański, MarianBorkowski, Przybylski, JagodaSzmytka, andWojciech Ziemowit Zych. Onegin Onegin Covent Garden, withMariuszKwiecień inthetitle role, alsoturned outto be Grażyna Bacewicz, Krzysztof Penderecki, Krzysztof Meyer, BogusławSchaeffer, ticipation ofPiotr took Beczała placeintheMET, i.e. doubleperformance including new simplicityandnew romanticism. Thisgroup ofartists isheadedby based onthe“16+1” model.Adistinguished placeamongthemost renowned ning streak. Themajorevent oftheyear 2013 was thepremiere of recently celebrated allover theworld, HenrykMikołaj Górecki, Wojciech Kilar, positions ofthemiddlegeneration ofartists, aswell asPolish “classics ofthe of theMetropolitan Opera inNew York, starring MariuszKwiecień asOnegin of of Polish Radio thathasledinthisfield for many years. ensembles specialisedintheinterpretation ofmodernworks, suchasApollon cultural cooperation programme between Chinaand16 European countries diveristy, thehistorical legacy ofPoland stands outonthemapofPolish music. category “TheArtist oftheYear” andBachtrack Opera Award inthecategory and Piotr asLenski. Beczała InJanuary2015, other premieres withthepar a major success in2015.a majorsuccess Theperformance was recognized astheevent ofthe art combinedwithelectronic music, attheendoftrend ofpostmodernism, artists isalsotaken by suchPolish composers asPaweł Łukaszewski, Dariusz for Aleksandra Kurzak are worth mentioning–International Opera Award inthe season andshown instreaming. Several monthslater, itwas released onDVD. sextet andthe New Music Orchestra, next to the National Symphonic Orchestra Iolanta The repertoires ofmusiciansandmusicalensemblesalsoincludethecom Next to themost recent works andtogether withthe variety ofattitude and On theinternational opera stage, Polish opera singers keep enjoying awin written by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, which inaugurated the season by Tchaikovsky and King Roger King Bluebeard’s Castle Bluebeard’s written by Karol Szymanowski in the London by Bartok directed by Mariusz 59 Eugene Eugene - - -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 The world of class Polish folk artists is confirmed by theirinternational achieve Arte deiSuonatori, and{oh!} Historic Orchestra, oneoftheyoungest ensembles. World MusicExpoinBudapest. Furthermore, Muzykanci performed inKorea and Wojciech Myrczek. Thefollowing bandsstood out:Atom StringQuarter, High Strączek, Piotr Damasiewicz, MaciejFortuna, Piotr Schmidt,MaciejObara, and Spain, Germany, Norway, Czech Republic andAustria. Spain, Norway andSwitzerland, andJanuszPrusinowski Kompania performed in Nowadays, thereconstruction trend isseenwithinthemore andmore extensive Hungary, JoannaSłowinska performed inGeorgia, MariaPomianowska performed Prusinowski Trio andPiotrKapela Gaca, Brodów andJanCebulafrom Rzeszów). Prusinowski Trio. Theseensemblesattempt to “revive” the19th-century manu Its mainrepresentatives are two musicalensembles:Kapela Brodów andJanusz Polish Jazz? Yes! Jazz? Polish Quartet,Definition Pink Freud, RGG.In2015, oneofthemost interesting jazz Michał Kapczuk, Marek Kądziela, Szymon Mika, Rafał Sarnecki, Przemysław Paweł Tomaszewski, DominikWania, MichałWróblewski, Dominik Bukowski, Mateusz Smoczyński, Aga Derlak, Nikola Kołodziejczyk, Piotr Orzechowski, Czech Republic, Italy, Austria andSlovakia, Kroke performed inGermany, Italy, Pałyga,Cicha &Bart thebandsSutari andMuzykanci were guests atWOMEX –the to Singapore. Thecooperation between Polish jazzmen andAmericanScan the UK,France, Spain,Estonia, Germany and Czech Republic, MichałCzachowski the guidanceofprominent traditional musiciansoftheoldergeneration (Janusz in Iran, India,SouthKorea, ChinaandRussia, Kapela ze Wsi Warszawa performed in ish festival called“Womad” andplayed concerts inMalaysia Karolina andBelgium. role was played by young musicians,suchasAdam Bałdych, Bartosz Dworak, performed inColumbia,Italy Čači andtheUSA, Vorba performed inGermany, ments. In2015, musiciansfrom Kapela Maliszów performed attheprestigious Brit records was thealbumrecorded by Zbigniew Namysłowski Quintet andentitled dinavian jazz musicians also developed. On the Polish stage, the most significant of thecountry. In2015, Polish jazz was present onthestages from Ecuador excellent ensemblesastheCapella Cracoviensis, theWrocław Baroque Orchestra, alternative music. In 2015, as many as four albums from Poland were included scripts ofOskar Kolberg through jointmusic-makingandundertaking study under strongly present inthePolish folk musicasthe scope ofmusicalrepertoire. Historic performance becamethedomainofsuch The shifttowards thereconstruction, makingreferences to sources, hasbeen Recent years have also seen numerous international successes of Polish For manyyears, alsojazz musicianshave successfully crossed theborders , whichincludedworks inspired by Polish folklore. revival tendency sincethe1990s. 60 - - - -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 The artist oftheyear injazz musicwas Marcin Wasilewski who, together with Jaczyński) published. Joanna Kos-Krauze and Krzysztof Krauze, 2013), P. Jan A. Kaczmarek ( Awards Ceremony oftheFryderyk MusicAwards ofthePhonographic Academy, Westerplatte 2015). Thenationalcinematography hasbeenrecently marked with theten with theparticipationofSampler Orchestra, aduet ofproducers. There was was awarded intwo categories – was includedinthelist oftop albumscreated by votes ofseveral tens ofcritics Interpretacje Kuba Ziołek,insecondplace. Thealbum thors: Dominika Węcławek, Marcin Flint,Tomasz Kleyff, Andrzej Cała andKamil tion oftheNationalSymphonic Orchestra ofPolish Radio underthe direction towa the Polish cinemafor sometime( tive composers whospecialiseinthisfield,there are namesofsuchprominent, globally acknowledged artists asJanKanty Pawluśkiewicz ( it was Natalia Przybysz whotriumphedinthefieldofentertainment musicand in theTop 100 AlbumsofTheQuietus, aprestigious British musicservice, in by Piotr Wereśniak, 2015), orAbelKorzeniowski whohasbeenabsent from his trio, alsoreceived anaward for the place – polska ems ofTadeusz Różewicz inthemusicalinterpretation by Sokół andHades, of Radzimir Dębski(Jimek) andthepremiere ofthemusicalbum of theAudio-Video Producers Association(ZPAV): atthe3rd place– of sales ofphonograms andthepopularityinstreaming services.In2015, Polish especially rock, popandhiphop–are currently measured withthevolume centred around “TheWire” magazine (itwas ranked 16th). cluding dency to soundtracks commission to foreign artists (e.g. debuting incinemas(includingdocumentaries Amongac andco-productions). also anextensive monograph entitled artists dominated thefirst Officialten placesonthe Retail SalesChart (OLiS) Music Mystic African Hughes. Langston and The achievements inawidelyunderstood area ofentertainment music– Each year, there are about50Polish filmswithmusicalaccompaniment In 2015, inthefieldofhiphopmusic, theconcertofMiuoshwithparticipa by Stanisława Celińska, 4thplace – directed by JanuszZaorski, 2013), MaciejZieliński( Annoyance and disappointment and Annoyance Zamknęły się oczy ziemi oczy się Zamknęły directed by Paweł Chochlew, 2013), Krzesimir Dębski( generated many reports in media. by Stara Rzeka, musicalproject of aone-man Album of the Year – Rock – Year the of Album Ziarno prawdy Ziarno Jazz Album of the Year. the of Album Jazz by Podsiadło. Dawid In2015 duringthe Anthology of Polish Rap Polish of Anthology Raphael Rogiński Plays John Coltrane Coltrane John Plays Rogiński Raphael Królowie życia Królowie of aguitarist Raphael Rogiński

directed by Borys Lankosz, The latter includes the po Ida by Gang Albanii, 5th by Albanii,5th Gang and Wkręceni 2 Wkręceni Papusza 61 directed by Paweł Song of the Year. the of Song (multipleau directed by Tajemnica Tajemnica Syberiada Syberiada Różewicz. Różewicz. Atramen directed ------

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 śniegu śniegu Wrona withmusiccomposedby Krzysztof Penderecki andMiąższ, vices isalsosystematically growing. However, thegreatest popularityisenjoyed 3 (ballscene, directed by MichałZadar, Polish Theatre inWrocław) and whereas thevalue ofthephonographic market was calculated atPLN430 mil Music Polska, Warner MusicPoland. The share ofindependentcompaniesin French Duszyński whocomposedmusicto four important performances: Prokopowicz withmusiccomposedby Micromusic, Pawlikowski withmusiccomposedby Kristian EidnesAndersen, 2013). Besides though thesale ofvinylalbumsisontherise. The expansion of streaming ser that hasbeenoriginallywritten for thepurposesoftheatre plays isbecom this, producers often cooperate withmusiciansfrom thefieldofalternative tender proceedings andhave beentransferred to theNationalDigital Archives the biggest share intherevenues ofphonographic industry inPoland isheld ing housePolskie Nagrania, whichhadbeeninliquidationdueto bankruptcy in 2017. In2015, Warner MusicPoland purchased thehistoric musicpublish is still dominated by traditional physical media, with CDs in the first place, al ing increasingly clear. Oneofthemost prolific composers of2015 was Jan by therepresentatives ofthree globalconcerns:SonyMusicPolska, Universal by websites enablingusers to listen to music(andads)for free. Traditionally, lion. Despite thedevelopment ofnew technologies, thephonographic industry by institutional operations – from publishing and phonographic activity to the rected by Krzysztof Garbaczewski, Polish Theatre in Wrocław), niebo music, improvisation andcontemporary music( revenues onthephysical media market isestimated to reach approx. 35%-37% organisation ofconcerts andfestivals, aswell aspromotion. others, with Janusz Wiśniewski in 2015, as well as the works of Karol Nepelski directed by Jerzy Skolimowski withmusiccomposedby Paweł Mykietyn, and Zygmunt Konieczny. acknowledged works are thoseofJerzy Satanowski whocooperated, among and Candelaria Saenz Valiente, allofthemproduced in2015). as nationalarchive resources. for manyyears. Theoriginaltapes oflegendary Muzawere excluded from the The picture ofthePolish musicsceneisalsoshapedto asignificant extent In 2015, themusicconcertmarket inPoland was valued atUSD228million, In the field of so-called backgroundIn thefieldofso-called music, the tendency to usemusic directed by Gajewski Dariusz withmusiccomposedby Marcin Masecki (directed by Piotr Cieplak,NationalTheatre inWarsaw), (directed by Krzysztof Warlikowski, New Theater inWarsaw). Other Chemia Demon directed by Bartosz 62 directed by Marcin Dziady Part Part Dziady Burza Burza 11 minut 11 Królowa Królowa Obce Obce The The (di ------

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 – includingphilharmonics,opera theatres andmusicaltheatres –constitute the 2013), the new seat of the National Symphonic Orchestra of Polish Radio and years, manyconcerthallsandfacilities have beenmodernised.Also, manynew Eufonium, Euterpe andPolskie Wydawnictwo Muzyczne – (PWM).Theiractivities Forum of MusicinWrocław, equipped with its system state-of-the-art for regu Opera andPhilharmonic–European ArtCentre inBiałystok (opened in2012), these magazines isvery diversified, althoughnotable amongthemare magazines three publishers of music books and sheet music, as well as orchestra materials: third placeistaken by museums.Theinstitutions undertaking artistic activities types ofmedia.Apartfrom the Internet, which hasdominated in recent years, the buildingofPhilharmonicinSzczecin (opened in2014) orthe National the Krzysztof Penderecki European Centre for MusicinLusławice and the seat group ofcultural institutions are cultural centres andestablishments, whilethe in smallertowns, not onlyby undertaking for activities thegrowth ofreadership, ince, followed by theMałopolskieProvince. Ingeneral, libraries prevail among ing ofmusicalensemblesorthepromotion ofmusicalcomposition.Inrecent but alsoorganising exhibitions, orconcerts. artclasses Thesecondlargest lating acoustics (opened in2015). buildings have beenconstructed, includingthenew buildingofthePodlasie least numerous group but,atthesame time, they are crucialfor thefunction mentioned: “Ruch Muzyczny”, “Glissando” and“Gazeta Magnetofonowa”, anew press carriedoutby theInstitute alsoenabledthecollection ofMusicandDance cultural institutions, which often perform culture-forming functions especially quarterly dedicated exclusively to Polish musicandestablished in2015. dedicated to science, popularscienceandmusicology. Amongthemost opinion- of data on84 music magazines publishedinPoland since 2013. Thesubject of of composers. Surveys andresearch studies concerning themarket ofmusic cover ofpublications.Amongthem,theleadingrole theissuance isplayed by encourage the promotion ofhigh culture, includingtheChannel2ofPolish of theKashubian PhilharmonicHall–Wejherowo Cultural Centre (opened in apart from publications–alsoincludetherepresentation issuing ofcopyrights artistic communityare 28musicpublishingcompanieswhoseoperations fully and sheet musicpublishers. Themost important andsignificantgroup for the and manynewly developed, valuable websites onPolish music, publicmedia still forming titlesinthemusiccommunity, thefollowing three magazines shouldbe The dissemination andpromotionThe dissemination ofmusicfall withintheremit ofvarious The majorityofcultural institutions are situated intheMazowieckie Prov In 2013, there were 181 active entities on the Polish market ofmusicbooks 63 - - -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 215 schoolsreporting to theMinistry ofCulture andNationalHeritage, while (e.g. popularandtraditional music),interdisciplinary projects combiningmusic which includemainlyworks music, as,socalled,classical classified as well as Dance. Thisisthefirst suchschemein Poland for financingthelatest musi Radio, launchedin1991 andfocused onmusic, literature, theatre, cultural pub Commissions”, initiated in2012 andoperated by theInstitute ofMusicand tions, recordings andpublicationsonmusic. Musiclovers willlisten to arange of the wholepicture. Studies andanalyses must beundertaken regarding other in 2002. TheChannel2,often referred to as“Dwójka”, isparticularlyperceived in primaryandsecondaryschools,aswell ashighereducationinstitutions in 2016, two years after its adoption. The condition of learning process, both lications andnews, as well asTVPKultura, a thematic TV channel established performance of musical theatres, projects combining various music genres position works onpublicbroadcasting channelsallover theworld. recommends Polish compositionsto bepresented attheInternational Rostrum network of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Each year, it (successfully) pre-performances duringrenowned festivals and concerts innew, excellently private schools.According to data of2010, inPoland, 71.7% ofpupilsattended music education,publicschoolsstill enjoy higherprestige andpopularitythan cal compositions.Each year withintheframework ofthisprogramme, there of Composers, whichconstitutes themost important review ofthelatest com only 10.91% ofpupilsattended 211 private schools(other pupilsattended 67 cism andthepressure ofthepublicopinionindicatingneedfor reforming diagnoses. Over 60,000 students ofprimaryandsecondarymusicschools offering music-related fieldsof study requires analysesfurther in-depth and of the primary education did not bring expected results and it was revoked countries. Theproblem ofmusiceducationremains to besolved –thereform and performance orvisualarts. are aboutonehundred new works created by Polish andforeign composers, as the leading station among international media promoting music through the almost 6,000 students ofmusicacademiesare expecting effective systemic inthefieldofbackgroundactivities music (computer games, ads),thepresence ofPolish artists abroad, thecomparisonoffunding schemeswithother schools administered by localgovernment bodies). solutions. However, itisworth emphasizingthat,despite thevoices ofcriti A shortdescription ofallareas ofthePolish musicalstage doesnot give Artists are alsosupported through theuniqueprogramme “Composing 2017 willenrichthelegacy ofPolish culture withhundreds ofnew composi 64 - - - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 SELECT

A. Białkowski,A. Institute ofMusicandDance, Warsaw 2012. Muzykapolska.org.pl: http://www.muzykapolska.org.pl [will belaunchedon http://composingcommissions.pl/[accessedComposingcommissions.pl: on: museums, ethnographic and museums open-air on Education Report Music Secondary of state the on Report Report Annual 2013. Music Polish Report Annual 2011. Poland Music in Polish music stage and model jazz of problems, field the in Diagnoses, Education education. music primary Poland of in state the education on Report music in paths development and areas New Music Polish of State the on Report W. Grozdew-Kołacińska P. K. Korzeniewska,Gałuszka, K.M. Wyrzykowska, Jagiełło-Skupińska A. well astheexceptional Year oftheVistula River plannedfor 2017. M. Chmurzyńska, Institute ofMusicandDance, Warsaw 2014. Dance, Warsaw 2014. Dance, Warsaw 2013. Piłsudski, Adam Chmielowski, Honorat Koźmiński andTadeusz Kościuszko, as Decem Institute ofMusicandDance, Warsaw October 12,2016]. tute ofMusicandDance, Warsaw 2014. graphic Market in Poland 2011/2012 Poland in Market graphic inspired by thecelebrations oftheYear ofJosephConrad-Korzeniowski, Józef niversaries of 2017 by the Polish parliament, musicians and composers may be conclusions of MusicandDance, Warsaw 2011. of anymusic-related personality hasbeenincludedinthelist ofimportant an opportunity to vote for theirmusicidolsonweb portals. Althoughnoanniversary equipped, modern concert halls, while enthusiasts of lighter sounds will have an stitute ofMusicandDance, Warsaw 2013. ED PUBLICATIONS ber 1,2016]. , ed.W. Jankowski, Institute ofMusicandDance, Warsaw 2012. Report on the state of traditional music culture music traditional of state the on Report , ed. J. Grotkowska, Institute of Music and , ed.J. Grotkowska, Institute ofMusicand , Institute ofMusicandDance, Warsaw 2013. , ed.J. Grotkowska, Chłopecki, Institute A.

2014. Edited by: AnnaIwanicka-Nijakowska , ed.Z.Konaszkiewicz, , ed. A. Białkowski,, ed.A. In 65 ed.D. Kunecki, Phono , Insti , ed. - - - -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 GROWING NUMBERGROWING OFBOOKS BOOKS The statistical data onthepublishingmarket, whichhasbeencollected by The NationalLibrary The publishingoffer issignificantlygreater in France, Germany, Spain or Republic, Greece Belgium, orSlovenia. Italy, andsmallerinsuchcountriesas:Hungary, Norway, Finland,theCzech In 2015, thenationalbibliography contained 33,454 titlesofbooks published Library, describedandcategorised inmanyways, whichconstitutes the the NationalLibrary since1955, isbasedon three legal deposits, i.e. man takes quite ahighpositionincomparisonwithother European countries. in Poland, whichrepresents asmallbutsignificantincrease inthenumber basis for creatingstatistical description amulti-dimensional ofthePolish publishing market. drop in2014). consecutive years ofshrinking(astrong decrease in2013 andaslight of books compared to theprevious year. Thisincrease occurred after two datory copiesofallbooks andperiodicalspublishedinPoland, whichare applicable provisions oflaw. Each submitted titleisstored intheNational submitted to theNationalLibrary by publishers, inaccordance withthe PUBLISHING MARKET Due to theabsolute numberofbooktitlespublishedperyear, Poland 66 -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 3 35,00 20 25,000 10 15 0, 5,00 ,000 ,000 ,000 000 0 0 0 YEARS 1991–2015YEARS NUMBER OFBOOKS PUBLISHEDINPOLANDANNUALLY text. The large population, even atlow readership ratings, may generate and included inthestudy. gard, Poland shows muchworse results. Withtheresult of1,149 inhabitants book market capacity, compared withother European countries. Inthatre per onetitle, Poland overtakes onlyGreece amongallEuropean countries picture asto how great isPoland’s capabilityto create publicationsand the maintain relatively high publishing volume. The information on the ratio of thenumbercitizens to thenumberofpublishedtitlesgives abetter extent, a result of quite big population of our country in the European con Source: Polish PublishinginFigures 1991-2015 1991 A relatively highnumberofbooktitlespublishedinPoland is,to some 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

67 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

- - 2015 FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 STEADY, BOOKS DROPPINGDECLINE INSCIENTIFIC BUT 1,500 1,200 900 60 30 0 0 0 * Thedata onindividualcountriesstems from theperiod2012–2015, dependingonthe ANNUALLY INRELATION TO THENUMBEROFINHABITANTS –COMPARISON* 2%). Thecausesofsuchdeclinecouldbe:specific valuation ofdifferent In 2015, thenumberofscientificbooks dropped again butonlyslightly(by During 2013–2014, arapid declineinthe number ofscientificbooks NUMBER OFBOOKS PUBLISHEDINSELECTED EUROPEANCOUNTRIES types ofpublicationsby theMinistry ofScienceandHigherEducation (which increasingly favours thepublicationofarticlesinranked scientificjournals); published in Poland on an annual basis (by 23% in total) was observed. Data source: seeReferences. context, seemsto theirimpact betemporarily weakening. of academicbooks. However, regardless ofwhat factors would bekey inthis do not require anybookpublications;removal ofsubsidies for thepublishing of books ofthiskind;anintroduction ofnew habitation procedures, which a slightreduction inacademicstaff, i.e. thenumberofpotential authors availability ofstatistics. Therefore, this comparisoncanbetreated onlyasindicative.

Norway

Spai n

Czechi a

Hungary

Finlan d

Franc e

Italy

68 Germany

Poland

Greec e

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 20 10 15 CONTINUOUS INCREASE INLITERATURECONTINUOUS –MAINLY FICTION POPULAR 5,00 ,000 ,000 ,000 0 0 The most rapidly growing typesofliterature are comicbooks (100% risein YEARS 1989–2015YEARS In 2015, asin2014 and2013, we recorded anincrease inthenumberoftitles OFSCIENTIFICBOOKSNUMBER PUBLISHEDINPOLANDANNUALLY the level of 8,930 titles, whereby the increase was observed almost exclu the latter category, the share of poetry is consistently increasing, while the tive andmystery stories (anincrease by 62%), fantasy books (anincrease two years), butastrong growth was alsoobserved inthenumberofdetec in thenumberoftitles(reflecting significantliterary ambitions)hasbeen by 45%) andromance books (anincrease by 37%). However, noincrease of published literary works. The number of these publications has reached observed intherecent two years. Itisalsoworth mentioningthat,within ambitious literature outofthemarket. Source: Polish PublishinginFigures 1991–2015 share of novels is in the decline. The popular novel is now squeezing more sively inrelation to items belongingto various typesofpopularliterature. 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 69 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 - - 2015 FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 for young for young readers readers Books Books Books Books 29% 26% Fantasy books Fantasy books 5% 6% Anecdotes Anecdotes NUMBER OFLITERARY WORKS –COMPARISON BETWEEN2013 AND2015 PERCENTAGE SHAREOFVARIOUS LITERATURE GENRES INOVERALL Source: Polish Publishing inFigures 2013 and2015

detective stories Action and 8% 2% detective stories Action and 11% 0% Comics 6% Comics 4% drama books Romance and 23% Belles-lettres 24% Belles-lettres 31% drama books Romance and 25% 70 2013 2015 FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 GROWING NUMBERGROWING OFPERIODICALS SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS –EFFECTS REFORM OFTHE SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS PERIODICALS PUBLISHING HOUSES ANDSELF-PUBLISHERS Self-publishing isalsoanimportant area: 4%ofalltitlespublishedin2015 were by issued publishinghousesoffering publicationattheexpense ofthe which publishingbooks isnot thecore activity, suchas:universities and which isoffering afree textbook for earlyyear educationpublishedby the In 2015, asmuch7,178 current of newspapers issues andmagazines were publishersBook constitute avery diverse group inPoland. Next to profes Ministry ofNationalEducation. Thistextbook, whichisnow usedinthevast In 2015, asintheprevious year, adrop inthenumberoftitlesschool textbooks was recorded, –isaresult which–asitcanbeassumed ofthe institutions (2%), other state institutions (1%) and private companies (1%). implementation ofthegovernmental programme “Free schooltextbook” books, occurred after two years ofstrong declines. houses offering technical text preparation for thepurposesofprintingor majority ofschools,forced commercial textbooks designedfor thislevel of only printing. education outofthemarket. compared to theprevious year. Thisincrease, thesame asinthecaseof author, whileanother 4%was published by authors themselves orprinting submitted to theNationalLibrary, whichmeansanincrease by almost 6% stitutions (5%),religious institutions (3%),central andlocalgovernment scientific institutes (which published20%of all titles in 2015), cultural in sional commercial publishinghouses,there are alsomanyinstitutions, for 71 - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 GROWING NUMBER MAGAZINESGROWING OFIRREGULAR SCIENTIFIC ANDLOCALSCIENTIFIC PERIODICALS 8,000 6,000 4,000 5,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 7,000 0 The increase inthenumberofperiodicals2015 was connected withthe YEARS 1990–2015 YEARS years, theirnumberwas only to subject slightchanges. (representing 16% ofalltitlesfor thetimebeing).Magazines publishedat well asmagazines frequently publishedless thanonceaquarter orirregu weeklies represent 0.6% and6%ofallperiodicals,respectively. Inrecent Magazines published atmediumandlow frequency are most strongly rep NUMBER OFPERIODICALS PUBLISHEDINPOLAND ume of scientific journals has been subject ume ofscientificjournalshas been subject to particularly dynamicchanges. the overall numberoftitles(both declinesandincreases) thathave been increase inthenumberoflocalperiodicalspublished by local government growth inquantity(by 87% intotal) onlyinthecaseofirregular magazines bodies andthehighernumberof scientificjournals.In recent years, the vol high frequency constitute, inturn, asmallportionofperiodicals–dailiesand larly (32%). Periodicals publishedatlow frequency accountfor changesin recorded inrecent years. Duringthelast two years, we have recorded ahigh resented inthePolish ofmagazines collection –includingmonthliesand quarterlies thatrepresent 24% and25%ofallmagazines respectively –as Source: Polish PublishinginFigures 1990–2015 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 72 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

- - - 2015 FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 PLANS ANDFORECASTSPLANS FOR 2017

Their numberdecreased by almost 20%over theperiodof2013–2014. In2015, yearbook is the “Polish Publishing in Figures 2015. Books” The numberofperiodicalswillprobably remain volatile inthecomingyears. Further declineinthenumberoftitlesscientificbooks cannot beruled The need for adjusting textbooks and other educational materials to new The increase in thenumberofbooks mayleadto thedevelopment ofself- The number of books is expected to remain at the current level or grow Such aconclusionmaybedrawn from theincreasing numberofmagazines with irregular publishing cycles andinconclusive direction ofchanges within Ministry ofNationalEducation allows teachers ofchoosinga thepossibility textbook independently. the situation ishighlyvolatile. Thisrefers particularlyto journalsthathave not these drops were partiallymadeupfor (due to anincrease by 9%).Itmust be the most up-to-date informationthe most up-to-date ispresented against thehistorical back the collection of scientific magazines –especially the emergence and disap in thenumberofscientificbooks inthenear future. lowed by thereduction inthenumberoflecturers. However, theseare slow been ranked by theMinistry ofScienceandHigherEducation. programme frameworks after another reform ofeducationmayresult in publishing, whichmaybeexpected dueto richoffer ofprintingandpublishing pearance ofnumerous non-ranked magazines from thebase. decline andrelated drop inthenumberofstudents, whichmayalsobefol out –whatcouldbefacilitated by the“valuation” ofscientificachievements companies directed atpeoplewho want to publishabookontheirown account. cals –disappearing from thebaseandappearingagain. Therefore, inthiscase, occurring onthepublishingmarket inaselected period.Themost recent acting andlong-termacting factors, thusthere isnoneedto expect rapid changes an annualbasissince1955, gives afuller picture is oftheabove-discussed added thatthere isasignificantshare ofirregular titlesinthisgroup ofperiodi statistical data andaforeword describingthemost important processes sues. Each editionofthisyearbook contains atable summarywithabundant some recovery onthemarket ofeducationalpublications,particularlyifthe slightly intheforthcoming years. favouring articlespublishedinranked magazines, aswell asdemographic The “Polish Publishing inFigures”, regularly whichhasbeenissued on 73 . In this edition, - - - - -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

_Rozkosz.pdf on:May25, [accessed 2016]. _2014_53365.pdf on:May25, [accessed 2016]. //repozytorium.amu.edu.pl/bitstream/10593/13832/1/Kulczycki_Drabek Association, BuchundBuchhandelinZahlen 2015, http://www.buchmesse. World News: Export Catalogue Export News: World Central Statistical of Office Poland (GUS), Císar J., E. Kulczycki, Drabek, Rozkosz, A. E.A. M. Kwiek, The ChancelleryofthePrime Minister, Hungarian Central Statistical Office, http://statinfo.ksh.hu/Statinfo/haViewer. B Ministry ofScienceandHigherEducation, Dobrołęcki P., files/2013/CBWN_2013–2014_katalog.pdf on: May25, [accessed 2016]. Scientific Units, Warsaw, February 18, 2015, http://www.nauka.gov.pl/g2/oryginal/ Ministry ofScience andHigherEducation andtheCommittee for Evaluation of ground thepast encompassing 25years. Theyearbook isavailable onlineat: i.e. distorted picture of science in Poland in science of picture distorted i.e. institutions andNumberofscientificdegrees awarded. http://www.bn.org.pl/zasoby-cyfrowe-i-linki/elektroniczne-publikacje-bn/ [accessed on: May25,[accessed 2016]. https://forumakademickie.pl/fk/2013/01/podreczniki-bez-dotacji/ [accessed ruch-wydawniczy-w-liczbach ric evaluation and categorization of scientific units in 2017 in units scientific of categorization and evaluation ric pany oftheAssociationCzech Booksellers andPublishers, of Poland of conditions of growing competition growing of conditions on: May25, 2016]. de/images/fbm/dokumente-ua-pdfs/2015/details_book_market_germany aktualnosci/nasz-elementarz-w-ponad-97-wszystkich-szkol-w-polsce.html schools in Poland in schools jsp?wcf1944fd01=x on:May25, [accessed 2016]. ooks and book trade in 2015 (2014 figures) (2014 2015 in trade book and ooks Book results for the Czech Republic in 2012 in Republic Czech the for results Book , Warsaw 1990–2015, Table: Academic teachers inhighereducation University in times of change: institutions and academic staff in the the in staff academic and institutions change: of times in University Textbooks without subsidies without Textbooks , August 20, 2014, https://www.premier.gov.pl/wydarzenia/ , Praha 2014, http://www.svetknihy.cz/userdata/ , Warsaw 2015 Publications and evaluation applications, applications, evaluation and Publications , “Nauka” 2015, No. 3, p. 35–58, https: “Our Schoolbook” in over 97% of all all of 97% over in Schoolbook” “Our Statistical Yearbook of the Republic Republic the of Yearbook Statistical Draft amendments to the paramet the to amendments Draft , GermanPublishers &Booksellers , “Academic Forum” 2013, No. 1, , in:Svet knihy, Ltd. –Com 74 , Conference of the Czech Book Book Czech - -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016

-in-turmoil/ on:May25, [accessed 2016]. -ua-pdfs/2016/spanien_en_buchmarkt_57420.pdf on:May25, [accessed 2016]. “Publishing Perspectives”, November 19, 2013, 2011 on the criteria the of assessing accomplishments of a person apply 2015_02/3b90bc8490ec601f538afb2647e5523a.pdf on:May25, [accessed 2016]. Wischenbart R., Regulation oftheMinister ofScienceandHigherEducation of1September Norway. Information ontheNorwegian bookmarket, Frankfurter Buchmesse, Tuma T. Greece in market book The information economic and Social Spain. Polish Publishing in Figures in Publishing Polish Highlights 2015: Italy in Publishing on Report PressGuestBook Market Finnland,ofHonourFinland:TheFinnish Office 2013, contemporaine l’edition de reflet legal: depot du Observatoire www.book-fair.com/pdf/buchmesse/wp_the_business_of_books_2015.pdf North North DU20111961165 on:May25, [accessed 2016]. Laws of2011, No. 196, Item 1165, http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=W Finnish-Bookmarket.pdf on:May25, [accessed 2016]. tion on the book market, http://www.buchmesse.de/images/fbm/dokumente tives.com/2013/11/no-game-without-drama-slovenias-publishing-industry tion, Milano2015, http://www.aie.it/Portals/_default/Skede/Allegati/Ske tionale deFrance, http://www.bnf.fr/fr/professionnels/depot_legal_definition/s. ing for theconferment ofthedegree ofhabilitated doctor, Polish Journalof [accessed on:May25,[accessed 2016]. [accessed on: May25,[accessed 2016]. http://www.ekebi.gr/appdata/documents/BookMarketInGreece2011-8.pdf bn/ruch-wydawniczy-w-liczbach on:October [accessed 10, 2016]. lzds29834 on:May25, [accessed 2016]. http://finnlandcool.fi/finnlandcool/hallinta/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/07_ book_market_norway__2015__55362.pdf on:May25, [accessed 2016]. http://www.buchmesse.de/images/fbm/dokumente-ua-pdfs/2016/details_ online athttp://www.bn.org.pl/zasoby-cyfrowe-i-linki/elektroniczne-publikacje- da105-3556-2015.10.14/Highlights%202015.pdf?IDUNI=b4fgnjbfkre4e01aipz depot_legal_bnf_chiffres.html?first_Art=non on:May25, [accessed 2016]. America, Europe, Asia and Latin America Latin and Asia Europe, America, , No Game Without Drama: Slovenia’s Publishing Industry in Turmoil in Industry Publishing Slovenia’s Drama: Without Game No , The business of books 2015: An overview of market trends in in trends market of overview An 2015: books of business The , TheNationalLibrary, Warsaw, 2004–2014, available , National Book Centre of Greece, Athens 2012, , Frankfurter Buchmesse, Spain.Informa Edited by , Frankfurt amMain2015, http:// , Italian Publishers Associa : Olga Dawidowicz-Chymkowska http://publishingperspec 75 , Bibliothèque na ------,

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 The Adam Mickiewicz Institute Turkish, whilein2016 aPortuguese version appeared. Apermanentongoing English, Chinese(traditional andsimplified), Korean andJapanese. Institute (AMI).InlinewithAMI’s geographic operation, theCulture.pl team Polish culture. Culture.pl istheflagshipbrand ofthe Adam Mickiewicz Institute, whose types ofculture industries. Culture.pl hosts over 30,000 articles,biogra ture encyclopaedia. Thesite covers allthedomainsofbroadly-understood goals isto promote events organized and supported by theAdam Mickiewicz launches subpagesinother languagesfrom timeto time:in2014, itwas project includes www.asia.culture.pl, whichcomesinfive languages: Polish, grouppossible offoreign content individualswithhigh-quality concerning phies anddescriptions ofworks. Its mainpurposeisto provide thebroadest national policiesandobjectives ofthecultural policy ofPoland. national collaboration andcultural exchange, inaccordance withtheinter dance, visualarts, design, architecture, cuisine, comics,aswell asvarious culture: literature, film, classicaland contemporary music, jazz, theatre, objectives includethe promotion of Polish culture abroad aswell as inter ABROAD –CULTURE.PL POLISH CULTURE PROMOTING The portal Culture.pl isacombinationofnews magazine andPolish cul Culture.pl ispublishedinPolish, EnglishandRussian. Oneofits strategic 76 - - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 1,000,000 1,200,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 CULTURE.PL’S STATISTICS 0 *Data collected between 1st January2015 and30th June2016 AVERAGE MONTHLY STATISTICS FOR CULTURE.PL

Since autumn 2015, thewebsite’s numberofmonthlyhits hassystematically works, aswell asannouncements aboutthemost important events. Texts DURING PARTICULAR YEARS: that itexceeds 1.5millionuniquevisits from abroad annually. been exceeding onemillion,withslightseasonalvariations. Thenumber readers. Theeditorial team’s task for 2016 was to increase thisnumberso chart below. of users hassignificantlygrown over thelast 5 years, asillustrated by the are illustrated withphotographs andproprietary multimedia. and peopleinPolish culture, artists’ biographies anddescriptions oftheir Source: Google Analytics Hits Articles publishedonCulture.pl concern themost important phenomena In 2015, Culture.pl saw asignificant increase inthenumberof foreign 2011 2012 20 13 Visits 20 14

20 77 15 Users 20 16 * FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 300,000 200,000 250,000 100,000 150,000 50,000 FOREIGN OFCULTURE.PL READERS 0 * Data collected between 1st January2015 and30th June2016 The Englishversion ofCulture.pl hasexisted sincethelaunchofwebsite AVERAGE MONTHLY STATISTICS CONCERNINGFOREIGN USERS Source: Google Analytics So Different from the Rest ofEurope” (27thousand hits), andthePolish OF CULTURE.PL DURINGPARTICULAR YEARS: themes in2016 includedhistory, translated from thePolish website were posted. Inrecent years, to address in 2001, but it has changed considerably throughout that period. At the be ists whohave experience intheEnglishmedia.New thematicpageshave ginning, onlyencyclopaedic information andannouncements about events language, “9Most Unpronounceable Words inPolish” (57 thousand hits). ber ofhits ontheEnglish version ofCulture.pl doubled.Themost popular language, cuisine, tourism andtechnological innovations. been addedconcerninghistory, heritage, traditions andsociety, thePolish foreign readers’ expectations, texts have beenwritten in Englishby journal Hits As aresult from ofthese actions, July2014 to July2016 monthly num 2012 20 13 Visits

“13 Historical Quirks ThatMake Poland“13 Historical 20 14 20 15 78 Users 20 16 * - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 vious years’ goalwas to attract thebiggest numberofusers possible to (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest, VKontakte, YouTube, Vimeo). Com (http://culture.pl/multimediaguides), whichhelpforeign users follow three www.culture.pl. Our goalisto encourage users to commentonthecontent andshare iton tegic goalofCulture.pl isto promote Poland internationally. Sincethe guides exceeded 976,000. lenge for theCulture.pl editorial team. We want ourusers to spendmore time launched: http://culture.pl/en/tag/poland-word-by-word, http://culture.pl/ materials andgraphics suited to thetypesandhabits oftherecipients ofeach munication on them is rapid, intensive, maximally enriched with audio-visual multimediaguides/alphabet. channel (graphics for visualchannels,films to FB, YT etc.). on thewebsite andread more aboutPoland (increase thenumberofhits). dynamically developing domains ofPolish culture (electronic music, film and photography). Over three months, the number of hits on the multimedia social media.Culture.pl ispresent onall themajorsocialnetworking websites for distributing contents onCulture.pl andthesesocialnetworks. Thepre According to theAdam Mickiewicz Institute’s constitution, thestra Since 2016, theeditorial team hasbeenimplementinganew strategy FACEBOOK Upon readers’ request, aseparate onthebasicsofPolish section was Improving thequalityofcontact withreaders isanother important chal In 2016, the editorial team developed interactive multimedia guides TWITTER CONTENTS WEBSITE GOAL 79 INSTAGRAM PINTEREST YOUTUBE AND - - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 Polish culture andorganising events undertheCulture.pl brand. Culture.pl. Theaimwas to address users intheeast for whomRussian isthe those used by countriesin which theAdam Mickiewicz Institute presents tone andfrequency. ter, YT, Instagram, Pinterest), whiletaking accountofits context, format, through virtual allaccessible communicationchannels.Editors develop its launch.Itispresent onboth Facebook andVKontakte –themost important in thosecountriesandtheseare alsoposted inUkrainian andBelarussian. basic language of communication on the Internet. Apart from translations beginning of2016, theeditorial team hasbeenimplementingthegoal place inEnglish.Insomecases(FB) other languagesare alsoused,namely reach thebroadest group possible ofindividual users abroad. As a conse cus oninteraction withthereader andconstant analysis ofrecipients’ profiles of texts written by Polish andEnglishauthors, theRussian website includes quence, themajorityofcommunicationviasocialnetworking websites takes and interests, whichrequires continuouscontact viasocial media. articles by Russian, Ukrainian authors andBelarussian whoare well-known social networking websites intheeast. Theeditors of theRussian version fo separate content, adjusted to eachsocialnetworking websites (FB, Twit The Russian version ofCulture.pl hasbeendeveloping continuouslysince FACEBOOK Launching thewebsite inRussian was themost important 2015 event for In recent years themaingoalofCulture.pl’s editorial team hasbeento TWITTER CONTENTS WEBSITE GOAL 80 INSTAGRAM PINTEREST YOUTUBE AND - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 200,000 100,000 150,000 50,000 0 The section “ArtistsThe section andWorks” includesbiographies ofartists whomake

STATISTICS FOR THERUSSIAN OFCULTURE.PL VERSION Polish, 1,832 inEnglish,and142 inRussian. Thesebiographies are enriched Polish ArtinBrazil (inlinewiththeprogramme organised there by AMI). Dance, Design,Comics,VisualArts, Literature, Theatre, Photography, Archi Hromadskie-TV, Zachid.net, andColta.ru. up thecanonofPolish culture, aswell asyoung artists whopresent their the following themes:Wrocław –Cultural Capital ofEurope 2016; the1050th tecture andCuisine. In2016, thePolish editors concentrated inparticularon in eastern search enginesproves ThearticlesoftheRussian thesuccess. by approximately 5,500 descriptions ofworks inthree languages.Culture.pl of users andithasalready exceeded 50,000 hits permonth.Highpositioning anniversary ofthebaptism ofPoland; theyear ofHenrykSienkiewicz; and and Russian. and Russian. are written by experts ineachgiven fieldandthentranslated into English achievements abroad. Thesebiographical notes anddescriptions ofworks Source: Google Analytics sections weresections linked to by fanpages andwebsites like Rambler.ru, Medici-TV, Hits The materials published on Culture.pl are categorised into Film, Music, The Russian sectionofCulture.pl hasaconstant increase inthenumber In September 2016, theCulture.pl library included3,524 biographies in Culture.pl has an encyclopaedic section which is continuously expanding. 1st halfof2015 2nd halfof2015 Visits 1st halfof2016 81 Users - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 NYT) andother culture-dedicated platforms (e.g. culturetrip.pl). is theonlyPolish platform inwhichbiographies are systematically updated by editors. The“Artists andWorks” islinked section to by suchinstitutions as the Nobel Committee, international mass media (The Guardian, BBC, Grażyna Soczewka –ManagingEditor ofthe‘Artists andWorks’ Section Lucyna Szura –Managerfor Development, Promotion andMultimedia Anna Mirkes-Radziwon –ManagingEditor for theRussian Section Natalia Dzieduszycka -CULTURE.media Project Manager Lea –ManagingEditor Berriault for theEnglishSection Weronika Kostyrko –Editor-in-Chief ofCulture.pl 82 Edited by: FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 The Book InstituteThe Book 1 millionormore, whereas over PLN 2 million ofturnover was achieved by 120 year by year. to Theaccess thisvast market andto themost effective chan very high.The market share ofthe300 biggest publishinghousesfalls be In themiddleof2016, there were almost 45,000 publishingentities regis to 130 companies.Otherregistered publishers oneorseveral issued books there were approximately 250companiesthatreached aturnover ofPLN tween 97% and98%.In2015, according to theestimates ofBiblioteka Analiz, tered intheISBNdatabase runby theNationalLibrary, however there are ing ambitious publishing programmes, their business situation gets worse ing market. At thesame time, theconcentration onthedomestic market is no more than2,000–2,500 active publishers several (issuing books ayear) nels ofdistribution isowned, to theoverwhelming extent, by commercial on themarket. offer ofthegreatest sales potential. ership and thedeclarations ofsupportfor smallpublishinghousespresent and donot participate actively onthepublishing market. BOOK MARKET The Polish bookmarket represents than3%oftheEuropean less publish Despite theincrease infinancial contributions to thepromotion of read 83 ------

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 YEAR (inPLNmillion) Small publishers (with annual REVENUES (inEURmillion) PERCENTAGE CHANGE PRICES OFPUBLISHERS REVENUES FROM THESALES Inactive publishers (publishing Medium publishers (with annual Large publishers OF BOOKS INTRADING revenues below EUR200,00 and revenues between EUR200,000 occasionally) at least two titlespublished) and EUR4million) POLISH BOOKMARKETIN2015 MARKET SHAREOFPUBLISHINGHOUSES IN2015 Source: Polish Market Book 2016, Biblioteka AnalizSp. zo.o. Source: Polish Market Book 2016, Biblioteka AnalizSp. zo.o. Number of Number of entities in entities in a group Approx. 250 2.710 Over 4,000 658 2011 Over 1,500 -8% 35 -1.5% 2.670 2012 639 / EUR / EUR (PLN million (PLN million Revenues in agroup million) 1.742 /408.9 from sales 609 /142.9 2.680 0.4% 50 /11.7 2013 640 10 /2.4 84 2.480 2.480 -7.5% 2014 2014 582 Market share 25.3% 72.3% -2.8% 2.410 0.5% 2015 566 2% FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 YEAR AVERAGE CIRCULATION (in thousand copies) (in millioncopies) FIRST EDITIONS PUBLISHED BOOKTITLES CIRCULATION 15 120 90 60 30 0 0 Wolters Kluwer Polska, Pearson Central Europe, GrupaEdukacyjna) was 41% NUMBER OFBOOKS SOLD(IN MILLIONCOPIES) National Library becausepublishers donot always deliver legal deposits. BOOK PRODUCTION On thisbasis,itisnecessary to thatnearly37,000 assume booktitleswere to 105.1 millioncopies(decline by 7%). tion ofprinted publicationswas also definitely lower – 97.7 millioncompared published inPoland in2015. circulation – this time by 13.5% from 3,236 to 2,798 copies. The overall circula compared to 37.9% intheprevious year. Source: Polish Market Book 2016, Biblioteka AnalizSp. zo.o. As shown by estimates, atleast 10% ofpublishedtitlesdonot reach the 2015 saw another expected fall inrevenues, aswell asdrop intheaverage In 2015, themarket share ofthebiggest five publishers (Nowa Era, WSiP, 115.5 2012 20 24.920 12 12.180 4.912 122.4 13 2011 3 27.060 13.410 3.987 107.9 2012 20 106.8 14 15.580 29.710 3.783 112.4 2013 85 32.480 18.870 3.236 105.1 2014 20 101.7 15 34.920 21.130 2.798 2015 97.7 - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 AVERAGE BOOKPRICE 50 30 40 20 10 0 AVERAGE BOOKRETAIL PRICE Past years saw aperiodofconstant increase inretail prices,whichincludes to offer inthebookoffer highprice-cuts intheretail sector, whichalso includes premiere editions. logistics etc.), aswell asphenomenastrongly associated withthetendency both objective increases inthecosts ofproduction (costs ofprinting,paper, or wholesalers) isstill significant. “cheap book”(copies withpricescutbyof theso-called publishinghouses average retail price jumped by 0.7% in 2015. At the same time, the supply Source: In recent years, the prices of books have slightly increased, while the 2011 37.8 8.4 Polish Book Market 2016 Market Book Polish EUR PLN 2012 38.7 9,26 , Biblioteka AnalizSp. z o.o. 20 38.3 9,14 13 20 41.5 9,74 14 86 20 41.8 9,81 15 FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 Supermarkets 15% DISTRIBUTION Wholesalers enjoy anenormous share inthedistribution market atthe PERCENTAGE SHAREINTHEDISTRIBUTION MARKETIN2015 level ofnearly50%.Butthetotal numberofwholesalers isfalling and,after many spectacular bankruptcies, there are about175 companiesoperating on themarket. Source: Newsstands Polish Book Market 2016 Market Book Polish 8% Canvassing the Internet 38% 2% , Biblioteka AnalizSp. z.o.o. and shipments Clubs 1% 87 Bookstores 36% FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 2,000 2,500 1,000 1,500 500 0 35% to 40% offtheretail price. NUMBER OFBOOKSTORES than overall market prices, by 25%–35% onaverage. the sale isrisingmainlythanks to thecommercial ofdiscountstore activity in individualbookshops. However, onlinesale drives mainlyprice-based many factors. Apartfrom thegeneral downward trend ofinterest inbooks, mainly attheexpense ofsales conducted intraditional channels, especially economic factors have played thedecisive role. chains andisdriven by combiningattractive thematicoffers atpriceslower competition, whilediscounts onpublishingpremieres onlinereach even fering mainlynovelties andbestsellers. Inthesegment ofshoppingcentres, The numberofbookshops hasbeensystematically declining dueto Newsstands andnewsagent’s stores alsogenerate stable sales by of Online sale isdynamicallygrowing andits value continuesto increase 2,370 2011 2,250 2012 20 2,140 13 2,050 20 14 88 1,930 20 15 - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 EBOOKS /AUDIOBOOKS Years Sales value (number oftitles) (In PLNmillion) Percentage growth Number ofaudiobook Number oftitles publishers offered AUDIOBOOK MARKETOVER 2010–2015 THEYEARS (excluding languagelearningandforeign languagepublications). which hasrecorded astable value growth inrecent years. Onlinebookshops In 2015, thevalue oftheebooks market was PLN62 million(anincrease to 2014 (PLN29.2 million).Inthesame year, theoffer ofaudiopublications to PLN867 million.2015 saw further development oftheoffer ofelectronic traditional bookshop offer. In2015, revenues from onlinesales amounted titled NationwideBookshop Database financed Book Institute.by the At the by 10.7%). At theturn of2015 and2016, thenumberofallPolish titleswas recorded thefirst increase, thistime by 14.4% –from 3,250 to 3,720 titles million in2015, whichsimultaneously meansasurge (by 25%)compared publishers asnecessary considersuchactions andprospective. publications andthedevelopment oftheirsale systems. Althoughrevenues estimated at41,000, outofwhich55%were commercial titles. offer not onlynew titles,butalsotitlesthatare nolongerpresent inthe end ofAugust 2016, there were 1,550 bookshops registered inthisdatabase. Source: from thesale ofthiskindpublicationsdonot exceed 3%ofthemarket, According to estimates, the sale ofaudiobooks was valued at PLN 36.5 In 2016, thePolish launchedamultiannual ChamberofBook project en Online sale of books isoneof few channelsof printed bookdistribution, Polish Book Market 2016 Market Book Polish 1,680 2010 18% 21.7 55 , Biblioteka AnalizSp. z o.o. 1,960 2011 17% 23.1 72 19.90% 2,350 2012 90 29 2,730 2013 26.9 16% 113 89 3,250 2014 19% 29.2 115 3,720 2015 25% 36.5 140 - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 FOREIGN LITERATURE IN TRANSLATION POLISH LITERATURE Zagajewski (32). Jerzy Andrzejewski (40), Ryszard Kapuściński (40), Witold Gombrowicz Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz (44), Zbigniew Herbert (42), Stanisław Lem (41), Janusz Korczak (343 +22),Zbigniew Herbert(191 +151), Tadeusz Różewicz Among contemporary writers, theworks ofthefollowing authors attract 240), Prus Bolesław (310 +66), Władysław Stanisław Reymont (535 +69), Stanisław Witkiewicz (124 +42),andJózef Ignacy Kraszewski (324 +43). (250), andthenFrench (252), Italian (236), andCzech (236). (39), Sławomir Mrożek (38), BrunoSchulz(35),Olga Tokarczuk (34), Adam (132 + 42), Andrzej Szczypiorski (106 + 11), Tadeusz Konwicki (133 + 14), and (190 +253), Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz (215 +247), BrunonSchulz(175 +53), (383 + 11), Sławomir Mrożek (341 + 112), Wisława Szymborska (280 + 202), were translated into Russian (810), English(312), German(336), andSpanish works ofHenrykSienkiewicz (4,654 +103), Adam Mickiewicz (599 + Foreign publications constitute asignificant portion ofthemarket. In2015, Miłosz (48 languages), Wisława Szymborska (47), Tadeusz Różewicz (46), Hanna Krall (100 +15). Olga Tokarczuk (146 +30), Jerzy Andrzejewski (225+70), Andrzej Stasiuk Gombrowicz (531 Czesław +68), Miłosz(479 +210), Andrzej Sapkowski translations ofworks inanthologies), Ryszard Kapuściński (466 +27),Witold the biggest attention: Stanisław Lem (1,249 full translations ofbooks +112 translations represented 21.5%(7,208) outof33,454 publishedtitles.Most been translated asthecriterion ofpopularityagiven writer, themost man (639). of thesebooks were translated from English(4,108), French andGer (668), frequently translated Polish writers are: JanuszKorczak (49), Czesław The most frequently translated ofPolish classics literature are the However, consideringthenumberoflanguagesinto whichworks have Over theperiod 2006–2015, themajorityofworks ofPolish literature 90 - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 PLANS ANDFORECASTSPLANS FOR 2017 SOPOT FESTIVAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIŁOSZ FESTIVAL LITERACKI IN TRANSLATION FOUND FESTIVAL MYSTERY INTERNATIONAL FESTIVAL FESTIVAL LITERATURE FESTIVAL BRUNO SCHULZ FESTIVAL BIG BOOK NAME CRIME AND CRIME AND CONRAD CHILDREN’S GAMES INŁÓDŹ COMICS AND 2015 saw another expected fall inrevenues. Theforecasts for future years KEY LITERARY FESTIVALS be ontheriseregarding thenumberofpublishedtitles,despite thecurrent publishers. However, thatthePolish itcanbeassumed bookmarket will predict further declinesinthiscontext andgreater competition between stagnation thathasexisted since2011. Poetry Fiction, Literary Detective essaysFiction, Literature for essaysFiction, Fiction PROFILE translations thrillers the youth guest of guest of honour non-fiction, non-fiction, comics children and stories, Wrocław Warsaw, Wrocław Warsaw Wrocław Sopot Łódź Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Cracow, CITY Cracow Gdańsk Cracow WEBSITE literackisopot.pl fldd.pl brunoschulz.dybook.pl bigbookfestival.pl komiksfestiwal.com miloszfestival.pl odnalezionewtlumaczeniu.pl conradfestival.pl festiwal.portalkryminalny.pl 91 FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 SELECTED PUBLICATIONS ABOUT THE BOOKINSTITUTE THE ABOUT

-liczbach [accessed on:October-liczbach [accessed 10, 2016]. “Ruch Muzyczny”, “Teatr”, “Teatr Lalek” The Polish Institute Book isanationalinstitution established by theMinister /polski-rynek-ksiazki,rynek-ksiazki.html on:October [accessed 10, 2016]. /zasoby-cyfrowe-i-linki/elektroniczne-publikacje-bn/ruch-wydawniczy-w Polish Publishing in Figure in Publishing Polish 2016 Market Book Polish 2016 Market Book Polish organising study visits for translators andforeign publishers. providing foreign readers withinformation onthePolish bookmarket and increasing thenumberoftranslations ofPolish literature into foreign lan promoting thebest Polish books andauthors; Books from Poland” presenting Polish literature. guests to literary festivals. TheInstitute alsopublishesthecatalogue “New guages through thefollowing programmes: ©Poland Translation Programme na Świecie”, “Notatnik Teatralny”, “Nowaja Polsza”, “Nowe Książki”, “Odra”, publishing market; readership inthecountry, aswell asPolish literature abroad dedicated mainlyto literature andtheatre: “Akcent”, “Dialog”, “Literatura of Culture andNationalHeritage in2004. Its aimisto promote books and are presented at international book fairs, while Polish writers are invited as and ©Poland Sample Translations; The Polish Institute Book isalsothepublisherofeleven cultural journals, Thanks to theprogrammes implemented by theInstitute, Polish books These objectives are fulfilled by: , Biblioteka AnalizSp. zo.o. , The Book Institute, http://www.bookinstitute.pl , TheNationalLibrary, http://www.bn.org.pl , and“Twórczość” Edited by: Piotr Dobrołęcki 92 . . -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 ART SCHOOLS PRIMARY ANDSECONDARYPRIMARY The Centre for ArtEducation The entire arteducationatelementary andsecondary level iscomposed Art educationconstitutes aseparate educationalsystem inPoland. The

Minister of Culture and National Heritage supervises all art schools and ties to theexpectations ofstudents andtheneedsoflabourmarket. Their the relationship between amaster andastudent, whichisamodelfor many in theshapeofapyramid. Itisbasedonprimaryschools,followed by sec rights ofpublicschools. ment entities.Non-publicartschoolsare runby various organisations, such manages someofthem.Publicartschoolsare alsorunby localgovern educational offer isconstantly enhanced withnew fieldsof study. composed ofsmallorganisational units, whichadjust theirteaching activi contemporary world. Itismodern,creative andopento new challenges.Itis countries, arteducationdynamicallyreacts to anychangesoccurringinthe of 799 schoolsattended by 99,573 students. Education iscarried outin ondary schoolsandcrowned withuniversities. as foundations, andprivate associations persons. Someofthemhave the a chosenartistic discipline:music, visual arts ordance. ART EDUCATION Art educationconstitutes acoherent andeffective system, constructed Despite thepreservation ofthetraditional system ofeducationbasedon 93 - - -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016

They alsoparticipate withanaccompanist inindividual classes andteam The most talented graduates oftheseschoolscontinueeducationinsecond vocational school,inwhicharteducationiscarried out,enablingstudents circus school. dance artschool; ballet secondaryschoolwithgeneral subjects (OSB); visual arts secondaryschoolwithgeneral subjects (LP); fine arts secondaryschoolwithgeneral subjects (OSSP); secondary musicschoolwithgeneral subjects (OSM II); secondary musicschoolwithoutgeneral subjects (SMII); primary musicschoolwithgeneral subjects (OSM I); primary musicschoolwithoutgeneral subjects (SMI); Students are educated inplayingachoseninstrument (piano, harpsichord, the rights ofapublicschool.Intotal, theseschoolsemploy 2,916 teachers the Ministry ofCulture andNationalHeritage coordinates thework of149 to obtain the professional title of a visual artist, and at the level of higher theoretical group inthefieldofeartraining classes withmusicalauditions. professional qualificationsasmusiciansoractors ofmusical stages. Obtaining education inFineArts Academies. Invisualartschools, thefollowing man chestra, andchoir. Education in theprimarymusicschoolsalsoencompasses clarinet, oboe, trombone, horn,saxophone, trumpet, tuba, andpercussion). organs, violin,viola,cello, guitar, doublebass, harp, accordion, flute, bassoon, offer education in playing a chosen instrument and propagate music. Apart employ 5,694 teachers andare attended by 29,395 students. TheMinistry activities, i.e.activities, witheartraining, rhythmic classes instrumental ensembles,or and are attended by 13,837 students. also supervisesthework of391 non-publicschools,outofwhich161 have are attended by 56,341 students. ary musicschools,enablingthemto obtain adiplomawhichconfirmstheir such adiplomaallows them to applyto musicacademies. schools runby localgovernment bodies(and 19 branches). Theseschools from teaching they activities, organize concerts andmanymusiccompetitions. facilities (including 8boarding houses), which employ 10,769 teachers and The network ofartschoolsisdominated by primarymusic schools.They The Minister ofCulture andNationalHeritage runs259 artschoolsand The basictypesofartschoolsare: Visual arts education hasatwo-step structure: atthelevel ofasecondary Within theframework ofpedagogical supervisionover thearteducation, 94 - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 ART UNIVERSITIES INPOLAND ART UNIVERSITIES vocational school,enablingstudents to obtain theprofessional titleofadancer, who combinearteducationwithculture management,canbethebest culture Despite thecurrent demographic decline, theinterest inartistic studies is universities are not cultural institutions within the meaning of legal provisions, universal highereducation). tions asacircus artist ifthey adiplomaexamination. pass the following mandatory are educationalclasses dance, carriedout:classical tivity. Universities constantly modifytheireducationaloffer towards theman is alsoproved by thepresence of foreign students whorepresent 3%ofall but alsostaff for cultural institutions andorganisations. Althoughschoolsand bling students to obtain adiplomathatconfirmstheirprofessional qualifica per oneplaceinthecaseofsomestudy directions. Highqualityofeducation not falling. Duringthisyear’s recruitment process, there were 20candidates represents about1%ofallstudents inPoland. managers. For thisreason, artschoolseducate not onlyprofessional artists, relationship influencesthedevelopment ofpersonality, sensitivityandcrea classes, musicality,classes, musicalauditions,history of dance, make-up principles, contemporary dance, folklore and characteristic dance, early dance, rhythmic or professional specialisation. of interests andknowledge withinthescopeofmultimediaandphotography, datory educational classes are carried out: art history, drawing and painting, and visualarts. They are attended by approximately 16,000 people, which academy, and1academyoffering highereducationinthefieldofmusic academies, 7visualarts academies,2theatre academies,1filmandtheatre and supplementary modularclasses. and atthelevel ofhighereducation inMusicAcademies. Indanceschools, as well ascollaborative artistic projects, withinachosenspecialty andclasses agement andorganisation ofcultural life. People educated atartuniversities, and student. The specificmannerof teaching basedonthemaster-student students (to compare: foreigners represent about1%ofallstudents inthe sculpture, designprinciples,voluntary expanding modularclasses theareas The primaryprincipleofarteducationistheindividualgrowth ofeachpupil Higher educationinthefieldofartcomprises 19 universities: 8music Education incircus schoolstakes three years. They offer educationena Ballet education also has a two-step structure: at the level of secondary 95 - - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 units government run by local Schools 29,395 schools Non-public 391 Source: Educational Information System NUMBER OFSTUDENTS BY SCHOOLTYPE Source: Educational Information System PRIMARY ANDSECONDART ART EDUCATION schools Non-public 13,837 government units Schools runby local 149 National Heritage of Culture and by theMinistry Schools run 259 National Heritage of Culture and by theMinistry Schools run 56,341 96 FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 0 NUMBER OFART UNIVERSITIES INPOLAND universities, investments aimedatconstructingfacilities appropriate for the 21st century are carriedoutorhave beencompleted. tutes excellent complementation undertaken oftheactivities by professional they constitute incredibly important culture-forming establishments for local implemented investment projects. Inmanyschoolsandatalmost allart institutions. often presented to wideaudiencefor free oronesymbolic Polish zloty, consti communities. The rich offer of concerts, exhibitions and other cultural events, Source: www.mkidn.gov.pl Musicandvisualarts academy Filmandtheatre academy Theatre academies Visualartacademies Musicacademies Their didactic andculture-formativeTheir didactic dependslargely success onthe

8 5 10 7 15 97 2 1 1 20 - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 TALENT PROMOTION ABOUT THE CENTRE FOR ARTEDUCATION CENTRE THE ABOUT The Centre for Art Education is a specialised supervisory unit, through which Art educationalsohasaseparate system for supportingtalents. Each year, versities for theiroutstanding achievements, andsupports themalsowithin within thescopeofpedagogical supervisionare performed by theschool with theannualPrize oftheMinister ofCulture andNational Heritage. work inthefield ofartistic creativity, culture promotion andmonument within thescopeofimplementation ofmultiannual government programmes. which –apartfrom –alsosubmit reports ongoingactivities ontheupbringing Minister ofCulture andNationalHeritage for theiroutstanding achieve Centre for ArtEducation. upbringing, eachyear ontheNationalEducation Day. Furthermore, teachers the Ministry ofCulture andNationalHeritage performs pedagogical supervi to thedevelopment, andprotection dissemination ofculture are awarded the Young Poland programme. Teachers are awarded withthePrize ofthe the Minister of Culture and National Heritage grants scholarships for the inspectors oftheCentre for ArtEducation ing within the scope of teaching playing various instruments, exchanging ex protection. Besides, renowned artists whose activity particularly contributes ments inpedagogical work orfor innovations and inthefieldofdidactics pupils of art schools, as well as students and doctoral students of art uni methods ofworking withhighlygifted students andstudents witheducational periences andenablingteachers to receive methodical support,supportinthe cation runsSpecialist Psychological andPedagogical CounsellingCentres, challenges. The classes arechallenges. Theclasses runby prominent artists-educators. isbasedonthepresentationof theiractivities ofthenewest methods ofwork arships andscholarships inthefieldofculture promotion to persons who and directors ofartschoolsare awarded withprizes by theDirector ofthe and preventive which constitute activities, thebasisfor comparative analysis sion over public and non-public art schools and facilities. The operations for teachers andstudents ofprimaryandsecondarymusicschools.Theidea The Minister ofCulture andNationalHeritage alsogrants creative schol To supportstudents andteachers ofartschools,theCentre for ArtEdu The Centre for ArtEducation alsorunsNationwideConsultation Points . 98 ------

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 PLANS ANDFORECASTSPLANS FOR 2017 The counsellingcentres runby theCentre for ArtEducation undertake the Warsaw on21st May, 2016. For 2017, theeditionfor thefollowing specialtiesis well aschamber ensembles,undertheconsideration ofentertainment and Centre Education Art the of Contest Music wide Due to thenumber of individualspecialties,thecontest hasbeenplanned In 2015, theCentre launchedanew artistic initiative underthetitle under thetitle“Therole ofcorrection inthedevelopment ofstudents’ visual there was amacro-regional project carriedoutinZduńska Wola andKielce training, publication andresearch. include:psychological Theseactivities con ish Radio on20thMay, 2016, andintheFieldCathedral ofthePolish Army in in athree-year cycle for individualinstruments, specialtiesandensembles. andpromotionis theselection ofextraordinarily talented young musicians. including students, parents andteachers ofprimarymusicschools(61.5%), ble bass, trumpet,ble bass, clarinet, guitar, organs, jazz vocal, chamberbrass bands, logical andPedagogical CounsellingCentres oftheArtEducation Centres, published onthewebsite oftheCentre for ArtEducation. mindset ofstudents. Theresults willbepresented intheform ofareport and percentage ofclients are communitiesofvisualarts schools(21.5%),ballet planned: harpsichord, flute, oboe, harp cialties (instrumental andvocal ones)taught atsecondarymusicschools,as constitute thehighest percentage ofclients ofthecentres. Theremaining consultations provided to teachers (44.7%) andstudents (21.7%) ofartschools, opinions. Over theacademicyear 2015/2016, there were 753 psychological early musicensembles,andjazz bands of winners, whichtook place:intheWitold Lutosławski ConcertStudio ofPol art skills”. Its objective was to analyse to whatextent themannerofproviding as well astheirparents (33.6%). Thecommunityofmusicschools(75.1%), and percussion bands.Thecrowning finale ofthecontest were two concerts schools (1.6%) andartschoolboarding houses(1.8%). sultations, therapeutic support,psychological diagnostics andpsychological feedback on the artistic work (corrections) by teachers influences the creative following counselling,integration activities: andsupervision,information and jazz bands, andearlymusicensembles.Themainassumption ofthiscontest Under the implementation of research projects of the Specialist Psycho In 2016, the edition for the following specialties was organised: cello, dou , vocal . , piano , organized for allmajorspe , percussion, pianoduets, 99 Nation ------FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

2014, Warsaw, alsoavailable at:www.mkidn.gov.pl. 2012, Warsaw, alsoavailable at:www.cea.art.pl. Bulletin_Visual Artist_Musician_Dancer_Animator Bulletin_Visual – Centre Artist Education Art the Bulletin_Visual of Bulletins Pedagogical and Psychological education music primary of state the on Report education music primary of state the on Report distribution ofthemonograph ofFeliks Nowowiejski inthecommunityofart consideration ofallinitiatives related to thecelebration oftheyear ofFeliks development ofpackages plansandmaterials oflesson for educational organization of nationwide contest on the knowledge of creative work of Feliks Detailed information on the art education in Poland is available in the following Nowowiejski inthework plansofartschools; Nowowiejski; undertake related activities to thecelebration oftheseanniversaries, inco tasks are planned: ing No. 1- 3, available at:www.cea.art.pl. presenting information onthecurrent events from the website ofartschools publications: cea.art.pl. education. establishments, together withartistic setting; operation withthe Institute andtheMinistry ofCulture ofMusicandDance and NationalHeritage. Withintheframework ofcelebrations, thefollowing and cultural institutions. falling in2016 andhis140th birthdayfalling in2017, theCentre plansto On theoccasionof70th anniversary ofFeliks Nowowiejski’s death online bulletin for visualartschoolsavailable atwww. , Institute ofMusicandDance , Institute ofMusicandDance Edited by: Dagmara Lasocka –Facebook fan page 100 , Bullet - -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 OF DANCE LIFEINPOLAND ORGANIZATIONOF THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The 1920s were the era of flourishing of modernist dance in Poland, however, The Institute ofMusicandDance In Poland, thetradition ofballet dancedates backto the18th century. Itwas Contemporary dancealsostarted to slowly emerge withthegreatest devel the 1950s, therole ofballet basedontheVaganova schoolstrengthened. this process was interrupted by theoutbreak oftheSecondWorld War. In the international market as participants and partners of so called networks mances intheprogrammes andjoint productions. opment ofitfalling between the1990s and2000s. of professional character (State Folk Group “Mazowsze”, ofSongandDance ensembles of amateur or semi-amateur nature, and three such ensembles or residency projects. Recently, more andmore drama theatres, museums of presenting Polish and international productions. Polish artists operate on dance. To avery large extent, itisalsoorganised withintheframework of and cultural centres have openedtowards dance, includingguest perfor sembles, musicalensemblesandseveral leadingcentres for contemporary started on the royal court and, subsequently, established in ballet ensembles. festivals, mainly festivals of contemporary dance, which are the basic form DANCE For the time being, dance life in Poland isorganized around ballet en Moreover, in Poland there are several hundreds of folk song and dance 101 - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS ANDINDEPENDENT INSTITUTIONS There are 22publicinstitutional ensembles(ballet, musical,folk song,dance) Within thestructure ofcity administration, there are Theatre alsotheDance Wrocław, Gdańsk),two of themare ensemblesofcontemporary andjazz Warsaw) oroperate asprivate institutions (e.g. Buffo Theatre). (Gdańsk), haschangedits status to becomeindependentandalsochanged In Cracow, there isalsoaprofessional earlydanceensemble–Cracovia Danza Hadyna, TheRepresentative Artistic EnsembleofthePolish ArmedForces). Polish Ensemble“Śląsk”inmemoryofStanisław NationalSongandDance Hop, Andrzej Adamczak). Dominika Knapik,Rafał Urbacki,PinkMamaTheatre andmanymore). Nowak, Marta Ziółek,MagdalenaPtasznik, MaciejKuźmiński, Paweł Sakowicz, Kaya Kołodziejczyk, Mikołaj Mikołajczyk, Rafał Dziemidok, Karol Tymiński, Anna Court Ballet. Recent years have alsoseenarapid development ofaso-called tomime ensemble (Wrocław Pantomime Theatre of Henryk Tomaszewski). theatres, which are partiallyfinancedfrom public subsidies(Roma Theatre in its nameto theWhite Theatre. Dance in Lublin andtheChorea Theatre. Recently, Theatre Dance theBaltic un let dancers, out ofwhich20%represent foreigners. There are alsomusical new tradition movement, whichdraws onthepractice derived from thesource projects for young choreographers whooften further develop theiractivity der theguidanceofIzadora Weiss, whichoperated Opera withintheBaltic dance –Polish Theatre Dance Theatre andDance inKielce, andonepan of traditional dance andmusic. often participate inprojects inthecountryandabroad (Jacek Przybyłowicz, composed ofapproximately 400 artists (choreographers anddancers) who ent artists whoseactivity is based on grants and projects. Thiscommunityis are attached to operas (Poznań, Cracow, Łódź, Szczecin, Bytom, Bydgoszcz, autonomous status, employing about80 dancers andoperating withinthe active inPoland thatemploy professional dancers, includingover 600 bal also outside theirindigenousinstitution (Robert Bondara, JacekTyski, Anna structure oftheGrand Theatre –Polish NationalOpera. Eightensembles The Polish NationalBallet and thePolish Theatre Dance alsoimplement Among institutional ensembles,thePolish NationalBallet enjoys an Apart from institutional ensembles,there isalsoacommunityofindepend 102 - - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 Theatre inKielce, andtheŻak ClubinGdańskare developing. Themost Taniec Also, thecommunitiesofnew tradition organize theirown festivals, among Witold Jurewicz, Maćko Prusak, Weronika Pelczyńska, Kaya Kołodziejczyk, vals oftraditional danceare organized, amongwhichtheInternational Festival which thebiggest oneisthe“All Mazurkas oftheWorld” festival. Institute withinthe ofMusicandDance Meetings). Each year, there are aboutthirtyfestivals ofcontemporary, folklore Dominika Knapik,Mikołaj Mikołajczyk, Rafał Dziemidok andothers). tre, theChorea Theatre inŁódź, Theatre theDance inCracow, theDance the Cultural Centre inLublin. TheROZBARK andMovement Dance Thea there was apilot project ArtCentre –Dance –launchedand itiscurrently in Lublin, International Contemporary Festival Dance Body/Mind, Łódź Ballet voninclude: Dada Bzdülöw, Theatre Dance inSopot orthecollective ofin important ensemblesandartcollectives, whichshouldbealsomentioned, houses, choreography centres), performance shows are organized withinthe motion ofnew trends incontemporary choreography. Moreover, there are review ofthemost interesting productions ofcontemporary dance, targeted dance are conducted by the existing theatre structures, whileregular reviews ofcontemporary andballet of HighlandFolklore inZakopane isundoubtedly themost interesting event. est have beenorganised for 20years (International Theatres Dance Festival cooperation between choreographers and theatre directors (Leszek Bzdyl, characteristic ofthePolish dancestage isalsoawell-developed full-scale dependent choreographers operating intheCentre inMotion. Thespecific and ballet danceorganized inPoland. Moreover, dozens ofreviews andfesti at international and professional audience. several interdisciplinary establishments, out ofwhichthestrongest oneis funded from thegrant for regular performance shows ofWarsaw artists. The dancelife ispredominantly focused onfestivals, outofwhichtheold There isoneproduction houseoperating inPoznań ( Almost every two years, thePolish Platform Dance isorganized –the Due to thedramatic lackofdanceinfrastructure (dance centres, dance ), settled inpost-industrial space, specializinginproduction andpro Warsaw Studio Theatre Studio Warsaw Dance Stage Studio Stage Dance incooperation withthe 103 Stary Browar Nowy Nowy Browar Stary . InAugust 2016, - - - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 PLANS ANDFORECASTS PLANS FOR 2017 EDUCATION FINANCING – theUniversity ofHumanitiesandEconomics inŁódź –ArtDepartment, Apart from thecityinstitutions andthePolish NationalBallet, thefund Łódź andMusicUniversity ofFrederic Chopin.Recently, anew fieldof study In Poland, dance education is carried out on the level of general education Frederic ChopinMusicUniversity inWarsaw (which alsooffers studies in Between 1st and4thApril, 2017, thePolish Platform Dance willbeorgan under suchconditionsisalmost impossible, dueto thelackoflong-term tion cycle lasts 9years. ing ofdanceinPoland isbasedonthegrant system. Artists mayapplyfor ized inBytom whichisthebest opportunity ofbecomingfamiliar withthe lowing cities:Bytom, Gdansk,Ł bility andapeculiarprecarity, whilethemaintenance ofdance ensembles has beenlaunchedinthePhysical Education Academy inPoznań –BA in projects. Inconsequence, artists function inasituation offinancialinsta reography is offered by: Music Academy of Grażyna and Kiejstut Bacewicz in performers isoffered by theNationalAcademy ofTheatre Art(PWSTK) exam, children aged10 are accepted to the1standentire class educa of MusicandDance, cityandprovince offices,as well asadditionalspecial offer presented by ensemblesandartists ofcontemporary danceandballet. dance inphysical culture. cultural studies withspecialtyindance-choreography (since2008). of Ludwik SolskiinCracow, Theatre theDepartmentofDance inBytom and and highereducation.There are 5publicGeneral Ballet Schoolsinthefol subsidies. such fieldsasballet educationandpostgraduate studies indancetheory). funding from the Ministry of Culture andNational Heritage, theInstitute At thehigherlevel, themost comprehensive programme for artistic Supplementary educationatthelevel ofmaster studies indanceorcho Moreover, to itispossible gain abachelor’s degree inaprivate university odz, Poznan, andWarsaw. After an passing 104 ------

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 OF MUSIC ANDDANCE ABOUT THE INSTITUTE THE ABOUT – together withthePolish Composers’ Union–database ofthePolish MusicInfor The Institute was ofMusicandDance established by theMinister ofCul (www.lutoslawski.org.pl) andtheOskar Kolberg Institute (www.oskarkolberg.pl). Institute alsoparticipates ofMusicandDance intheexchange ofinformation Heritage asthemanagingauthority. tance.edu.pl), database oftheprofiles ofartists and works created underthe to enhancethequalityofmusicanddanceeducation,supports theexisting tional groups) as well asyouth projects rundirectly by theInstitute (“Philhar ture andNationalHeritage on1st October, 2010. Itacts asthestate cultural institution. oftheInstitute Theprimarymission isthe ofMusicandDance instrumenty.edu.pl), aswell astraditional, nationalandfolklore dances(www. including thedatabase onthePolish artistic dance(www.taniecpolska.pl) and music communities,submits reports andproposals to theMinister ofCulture monic: careful, it’s addictive!”) andseniorcitizens (“Philharmonicfor Seniors”). programme ofdanceeducationdirected atchildren, theyouth andintergenera celebration ofimportant historical anniversaries anddevelopment ofdance cultural institutions and non-governmental organisations. It also initiates the development ofmusicanddance culture. muzykatradycyjna.pl), aswell aswebsites oftheWitold Lutosławski Society (www.zamowieniakompozytorskie.pl),missions” website oftheKolberg’s Acad programme oftheMinistry ofCulture andNationalHeritage “Composing Com mation Centre (www.polmic.pl), website dedicated to Polish instruments (www. emy (www.akademiakolberga.pl), website dedicated to traditional music(www. and experiences between nationalandinternational organizations. and music, aswell ascoordinates theoperations ofcultural institutions. The and National Heritage, and acts as the expert background. It is responsible activity, both withinits own programmes (“ThoughtinMotion” also implements the programmes of the Minister of Culture and National and dancecommunity, whichare carriedoutintheform ofcompetition. It scientific, publishingandscholarship programmes directed at Polish music for storing documentation and archives, commissions research studies, acts The Institute alsoanalyses ofMusicandDance ofdanceand theactivity The Institute alsocarriesoutawidespread ofMusicandDance educational The Institute conducts ofMusicandDance its own residency, creative, The Institute manythematic websites, runsandco-runs ofMusicand Dance

105 , a nationwide anationwide ------FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

_tancu_wspolczesnym_,pid,591.html on:October [accessed 10, 2016]. The website contains texts andaudiovisual materials (archive andeduca 1st Dance Congress Dance 1st Website www.tance.edu.pl presents Polish national and traditional dances. Website www.taniecpolska.pl provides toaccess the English-language ver J. Grabowska, J. Szymajda, Website muzykapolska.org.pl, http://muzykapolska.muzykapolska.org.pl/ Kolberg Award for Merits to Folk Culture. Lutosławski Year; in2014, oftheOskar Kolberg Year; andin2016, itruns Culture andNationalHeritage, http://www.kongreskultury.pl/title,Raport_o taniec.html on:October [accessed 10, 2016]. the Ministry, theInstitute alsoco-organizes ofMusicandDance theOskar the celebration officeofthe Feliks Nowowiejski Year. Uponthe request of tional materials). http://imit.org.pl/uploads/materials/files/kongres_tanca_raport.pdf [ac cessed on:Octobercessed 10, 2016]. cultural events across Poland, suchasthebiennialPolish Platform, Dance the professional qualifications. matic conferences, workshops andtrainings for danceandmusicprofes experiences andself-reflection ofboth communities,as well asrunningthe alternately, theYoung MusicianoftheYear andtheYoung oftheYear. Dancer annual CoryphéeofPolish Musicaward, andtwo competitions thatare held and up-to-date eventsand up-to-date calendar. and runsasystemic programme assistingdanceartists inacquiringnew Congressand theDance whichprovide amplespacefor theexchange of and dancecommunitiesinPoland, organising thePolish MusicConvention sion ofdatabase artists, encompassing institutions (ensembles, festivals), sionals. Italso develops publicly available special reports andexpert opinions, The Institute isalsothemainorganiser ofMusicandDance ofimportant The Institute actively supports thedevelopment ofprofessional music In 2013, theInstitute served asthecelebration officeoftheWitold , ed.J. HoczykiJ. Szymajda, Institute ofMusicandDance, Report on Contemporary Dance Contemporary on Report Edited by: JoannaSzymajda 106 , Ministry of - - - - -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 THEATRE SYSTEM THEATRE Theatre isone ofthemost important fieldsofculture. Thisisdueto both The Theatre Institute ofZbigniew Raszewski According to the“Theatre inPoland 2016” yearbook, there are theatres 795 variety ofits manifestations. For manydecades,Polish theatre hasbeen theatre have beenmadeby theTheatre Institute ofZbigniew Raszewski tion operating inthecountry. in the“Theatre inPoland” yearbook since2010. Theyearbook notes the graduates ofartschools,shares addresses ofeditorial officesoftheatre historical reasons (in2015, the250thanniversary ofthepublictheatre recognized ashighlyprestigious andacknowledged outside theborders national theatres (NationalTheatre inWarsaw, Grand Theatre –Polish National competitions. Itshares addresses ofinstitutions, publishesinformation on of ourcountry. Itisperceived asavenue ofvery interesting, important activity of all types of theatres and documents theatre festivals and drama and uniqueartistic activities. and theNationalTheatre was celebrated), aswell and astruerichness and ensemblesofvarious size, status, nature andorganisational subordina scientific exhibitions and conferences, publishesletters oflecturers and journals, production agencies,etc. agencies,acting The attempts to andvariety describetherichness ofcontemporary Public theatres constitute thelargest group oftheatres inPoland. Three 107 - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 theatres City 73 609 choirmembers. (resulting from thedecentralisation thathappenedgradually between 1990 PUBLIC THEATRES Opera in Warsaw, the National Old Theatre in Cracow) are directly financed petition procedure for three to five years. There are approx. 4,500 people permanent artistic ensembles.Thedirectors are usuallyelected inacom number hasnot declined.Recently, localgovernment authoritieshave even remaining stages are funded by localgovernment authoritiesofvarious levels employed inartistic ensembles.There are 1,610 full-time employed actors cal Theatre inToruń, Variete Theatre inCracow, andCityTheatre inLeszno. established several new theatre institutions –e.g. Kuyavia-Pomerania Musi cultural (together activity withtheamendmentin2012). operate under the Act on 25th October 1991 on organizing and engaging in and movement theatres, and5“other” theatres. Over thelast 25years, their ations –63 drama theatres, 22musicaltheatres, 25 puppet theatres, 5dance and 1999, after theintroduction ofpoliticaltransformation). Thesetheatres and actresses, 318 singers, 363 puppeteers, 544 dancers, 10 mimes and Source: Ownstudy –“Theatre inPoland 2016”. from thestate budget by theMinister ofCulture andNationalHeritage. The County theatres Public theatres usuallyhave theirown officeandmost ofthememploy Most publictheatres are repertory theatres withdiversified nature ofoper 1 National theatres 3 theatres Province 43 108 - - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 initiatives Social 43 “centres” includetheCultural Centre inLublin (Teatr Provisorium, Kompania Teatr, ScenaPrapremier inVitro, Lubelski Teatr Tańca, Teatr MaatProjekt) 1,078,132,780, whereas subsidiesconstituted onaverage 60% –70% ofall Foundations 76 well ascompletely independentorganisms, referred to associalinitiatives. NON-PUBLIC THEATRES in cultural centres, insocalledumbrella institutions. Thebiggest ofsuch by approximately 5,700,000 spectators inaseason. repertoire. They offer almost 50,000 seats for theiraudienceandare visited revenues. of economy:there are private theatres, theatres runby foundations andas and Residency Centre – Working Scene in Poznań. There are 120 such en and theatres operating withinthe structure ofother cultural institutions, almost 30,000 performances of2,600 artplays remaining inachanging Source: Ownstudy –“Theatre inPoland 2016”. sociations (undertheActand onpublicbenefitactivity voluntary service), as sembles operating withinurbanandmunicipalcultural institutions. Other 134 Beside thepublicsector,Beside Polish theatres operate also inallother sectors Public funds are ofsmallergroups alsousedinfinancingtheactivity Public theatres show onaverage 800 premieres perseasonandgive In 2015, thetotal budget ofallpublictheatres amounted to PLN Associations 131 Private theatres 171 109 - - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 Other 503 CLASSIFICATION OFTHEATRES BY TYPEOFTHEIRACTIVITIES were pre-premieres, whichmeansasmuch8%ofthenew repertoire theatres. Quite often they donot have theirown officesandsometimes they the season2014/2015, gave 1,526 premieres, outofwhich124 premieres tres, whichare documented inthe“Theatre inPoland 2016” yearbook, in tendencies visible only thanks to suchstatistics. For example: thea 795 type ofperformances. them astheatres asdonot want to limitthemselves orspecialize inone is collected directly from theatres andinstitutions, inthesame manner by thenature to Inmanycases,itisimpossible oftheiractivities. classify have agroup ofpermanentcollaborators. pre-premiere performances proves, ontheonehand,thattheatres reach previous season,onecoulddraw aconclusionthatthesmallnumberof mentation, contains adetailed analysis ofpresented data. As information over 3,000 titlesontheirposters, althoughmost ofthemare not repertory are thefirst adaptations of texts on stages.Because it was similarinthe Source: Ownstudy –“Theatre inPoland 2016” for seven years, thecomparisonofdata allows usto observe changesand 120 public theatres and 674 theatres of other sectors can be divided also Each volume ofthe“Theatre inPoland” yearbook, except for docu Non-public theatres prepare about750premieres inaseasonandhave Drama theatres 89 . Puppet theatres 66 theatres and movement Dance 98 Musical theatres 39 110

- - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 tributing to theeffectiveness ofoperations ofinstitutions andtheartistic the pre-premieres ofPolish contemporary theatres. theatres useelectronic booking andticket sales systems, aswell asruntheir the city, thevalue ofsubsidies,thenature ofperformance, etc. Thehighest itself doesnot say alot abouttheirsize ororganisational status, butit interesting. Over theseason2014/2015, there were asmany55opera in thesize ofpermanenttheatre atfestivals ensembles,successes con ing decisions that may constitute an artistic and financial risk. 51% of all both powerful publicinstitutions –repertory theatres, aswell assmall premieres, 12outofwhichwere adaptations ofcontemporary works, while8 public debate suchas:reduction incore subsidiesby organisers, reduction possible to find answers to questions that are raised from time to time in the topossible analyse therepertoire, ofindividualartists theactivity andin pre-premieres took placeinpublictheatres. Conclusion–publictheatres premieres (781) took placeinpublictheatres. At thesame time, 79%ofall ensembles andgroups working onanoccasionalbasis.Thus,thenumber of themlocated inthecapital citiesof16 provinces. Thisnumberincludes of genres. Seethe table onpage112 to notice thepremieres ofthe2014/2015 out of10 pre-premieres were thepremieres ofPolish contemporary operas. quality ofperformances. es intheorganizational system, finances,employment structure etc. Itis own websites andfan pagesinsocialmedia. More andmore theatres playalso are scared less to take risks. As muchas74 outof124 pre-premieres were are the subsidies, the cheaper are theatre tickets. Moreover, theatres – except subtitles in English, audio-description or signlanguage interpretingsubtitles in English, audio-description services. shows theirvariety. season, according to theirgenres. served for manyyears –both andcontemporary inclassical opera –isvery stitutions, their mobility and prizes received so that,inconsequence, itis for tourists inthesummertime for children, bigfamilies, students, unemployed persons, pensioners, etc. All for private ones–provide theaudiencewithentire system ofdiscounts for tested repertoire, butontheother handthey are highlycareful intak The pricesoftheatre tickets vary (from PLN20to PLN200)dependingon There are theatres 795 operating in142 citiesandtowns, thebiggest It is also possible toIt isalsopossible track repertoire trends basedonthestatistics For example, theincrease intheinterest inopera whichhasbeenob Comparing data from several yearbooks, to itispossible observe chang . Theirrepertoires include performances with 111 - - - - -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 Improvised performances Performances for children Puppet shows for adults SEASON PREMIERES OF2014/2015 BY PERFORMANCE TYPE Source: Ownstudy –“Theatre inPoland 2016” Musical performances Poetry performances Dance theatreDance shows Comedies andfarces Street performances Art Performances Screenplays Adaptations Pantomime Operettas Cabarets Musicals Dramas Operas Ballets Other

0 8 6 8 7 11 14 24 32 34 100 55 78 79 85 89 98 14 . 200 15 5 4 23 300 2 400 112 500 506 60 0 FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 FESTIVALS

The yearbook also monitors thephenomenonofsocalled“festivalization” 28 international festivals); festivals ofpuppet theatres – 29(including16 international festivals); festivals ofdancetheatres andchoreographic competitions – 48 (including festivals ofmusicaltheatres andvocal competitions –43 (including18 in festivals ofalternative theatres andgroups –58 (including15 international festivals ofdrama theatres –101 (including20international festivals and28 BY TYPEOFTHEIRACTIVITY NUMBER OFTHEATRES OPERATING INTHEBIGGEST CITIES, ternational festivals); of theatre life. Year by year, thenumberoftheatre festivals isincreasing and exceeded 440 in2016. Outofthem,122are international festivals or Source: Ownstudy –“Theatre inPoland 2016”. festivals); festivals ofmonodramas andsmallforms); festivals withinternational aspects. Theirbreakdown isasfollows: WROCŁAW WARSAW SZCZECIN ŁÓDŹ BIAŁYSTOK LUBLIN POZNAŃ GDAŃSK CRACOW

DRAMA 29 10 4 4 2 2 7 1 1 THEATRES

MUSICAL 9 4 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 THEATRES

PUPPET 14 6 3 4 4 2 2 1 1 THEATRES

DANCE AND

113 MOVEMENT 30 11 11 8 4 4 4 5 2 THEATRES 109 28 16 15 31 12 51 21 11 OTHER 191 38 20 53 28 37 31 77 21 TOTAL - FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 OF ZBIGNIEW RASZEWSKI OF ZBIGNIEW ABOUT THE THEATRE THE ABOUT INSTITUTE

– 73(including5international festivals); The Theatre Institute ofZbigniew Raszewski isan institution directly re festivals ofamateur theatres –53 (including4international festivals). festivals of mixed programmes, with the presence of various art performance festivals ofstreet theatres –21(including17 international festivals); (www.polishtheatrejournal.com). Itrunsaspecialist bookshop named were 3,613 tripsthrough thecountryand288 foreign travels. Theyearbook well aspublishingreports andanalyses. Prospero (www.prospero.e-teatr.pl) and the biggest theatre-related virtual Institute also organises tours ofperformances chosen inthe contest under tens oftowns, inwhichnotheatre operates onadailybasis. the title“Theatre Poland”. Inthisyear’s edition,18 performances willvisit tute andthenationalTheatre Institute ofZbigniew Raszewski. TheTheatre theatres by organising industry conferences andspecialist lectures, as is proved by the documentation contained in the yearbook. Theatres travel history oftheatre inPoland. Itisalsooccupiedwithresearch studies on by specialprogrammes oftheMinistry ofCulture andNationalHeritage for materials, databases, historic calendars andmultimedia related to the pl) (200,00 monthlyviews), whichcollects andpresents digital source portal in theworld named www.e-teatr.pl, whichcombinesthe specific magazine onPolish theatre inEnglishlanguage–“Polish Theatre Journal” research andeducationalactivity. Itisthepublisherofbooks andonline motes andanimates thePolish theatre life. Italsoundertakes andsupports porting to theMinistry ofCulture andNationalHeritage. Itdocuments, pro many years records allthesevisits andallreceived prizes very carefully. of anelectronic Polish Theatre Encyclopaedia (www.encyklopediateatru. day, over 25,000 users visit the website. It is the organizer and publisher characteristics of a daily newspaper, virtual archive and platform. Each a lot. Over theseason2014/2015, asmany420theatres andensembles showed theirperformances asguests orparticipated infestivals. There The process of festivalization influences the mobility of theatres, which Apart from the festival life, themobilityoftheatres hasbeensupported . Foreign trips are co-financed by the Adam Mickiewicz Insti 114 - - -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

-Instytut-Teatralny.pdf on:October [accessed 10, 2016]. -a-stosunek-do-teatru-raport.pdf on:October [accessed 10, 2016]. “Theatre in Poland” yearbooks are available in the printed form in the Pros Summer inTheatr. Scientific andpublishingcontest; Contest for thebest master thesisinthefieldoftheatre, show andperfor Theatre Photography Contest; Theatre Poland ; Jan DormanContest thecreation (co-financing ofspecialperformances to Contest for theAdaptation ofHistoric Works ofPolish Literature “Live Classics”; Nationwide Contest for theExhibitionofPolish Contemporary Art; Report “Theatre educationinprimaryschools”http://www.instytut-teatral Report “Study ontheatre audienceinthecapital city”http://www.encyklo Report “Theatre craftspeople”, http://www.instytut-teatralny.pl/upload/ Report “Class differences in lifestyle and attitude towards theatre” http:// Publications available (inelectronic version): files/Rzemie%C5%9Blnicy%20teatralni%202013_raport.pdf [accessed www.instytut-teatralny.pl/upload/files/Klasowe-zroznicowanie-stylow-zycia [accessed on:October[accessed 10, 2016]. be presented inschoolsandkindergartens); pediateatru.pl/ksiazka/464/raport-badanie-publicznosci-teatrow-stolicy mance; pero bookstore andintheelectronic version atwww.encyklopediateatru.pl ny.pl/upload/files/Edukacja-teatralna-w-szkolach-podstawowych-raport on: October 10, 2016]. coordinator oftheprogrammes oftheMinistry ofCulture andNationalHerit age thatsupportvarious aspects oftheatre life. Itorganized, amongothers: The Theatre Institute istheorganizer ofits own programmes andthe Full details are available atwww.instytut-teatralny.pl Edited by: Dorota Buchwald 115 - - - - - .

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 The NationalHeritage Board ofPoland were 412,276 record sheets of movable monuments. The number of ar Monuments, understood as immovable or movable property, their parts or Monuments are oneofthemost important cultural resources for anysociety. thetic values ofalandscape. Monuments have apro-development potential tion is an entry to the register of monuments. The register of monuments there were 183,192 record sheets ofimmovable monuments. In 2015, there is kept for eachprovince by aterritorially competent Province Conservator inhabitants to undertake and,therefore, socialactions buildingsocialcapital. interest dueto its historical, artistic orscientific value, mayplayanimportant mon value for alocalcommunity, stimulating cooperation andinspiringlocal may also contribute to the social development. They may become a com managed monuments may constitute a significant factor determining the aes role inshapingcollective historical memory. Properly maintained andwisely mony to bygone eras orpast events, thepreservation ofwhichisinthesocial chaeological monuments entered to theNationalRegistry ofMonuments of Monuments kept by theGeneral Conservator ofMonuments. In2014, of historic monuments record sheets includedintheNationalRegistry or constitute animportant resource usedby creative industries. Monuments components, man-madeorrelated to andservingasatesti humanactivity are underlegal protection ofthestate. Themost commonform ofprotec amounts to approx. 500,000. and, for instance, mayhave apositive onthedevelopment impact oftourism MONUMENTS The volume of monuments in Poland may be proved by the number Due to theirhistorical, scientificandartistic values, some monuments 116 - - - - -

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE POLISH CULTURE YEARBOOK 2016 7,744 archaeological monuments entered to theregister ofmonuments. 21 MONUMENTS BY PROVINCE NUMBER OFRECORD SHEETS OFIMMOVABLE ANDMOVABLE there are 75,331 immovable monuments, 250,449 movable monuments and and archaeological monuments entered to theregister. For thetimebeing, Source: TheNationalHeritage Board ofPoland TOTAL Zachodnio-pomorskie Province Świętokrzyskie Province Śląskie Province Wielkopolskie Province Warmińsko-mazurskie Province Łódzkie Province Pomorskie Province Podlaskie Province Podkarpackie Province Mazowieckie Province Małopolskie Province Lubuskie Province Lubelskie Province Kujawsko-pomorskie Province Dolnośląskie Province Opolskie Province PROVINCE

As of30th June2016 of Monuments. Byadministrative decision,there are immovable, movable 183,192 10,800 23,465 RECORD SHEETS 10,626 15,429 14,362 12,202 14,235 12,637 13,146 14,014 10,481 5,445 7,325 7,697 4,181 7,147 OF IMMOVABLE ** * MONUMENTS* As of21st December, 2015 As of31st March, 2014 412,276 66,330 42,560 34,290 20,954 24,393 25,979 22,534 10,586 13,508 12,566 13,950 RECORD SHEETS 27,694 17,208 12,937 15,572 51,215 117 OF MOVABLE MONUMENTS** 595,468 26,580 26,053 74,680 20,634 56,922 28,279 34,736 18,953 21,389 36,779 31,540 26,587 41,929 47,436 81,759 21,212 TOTAL 21

FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE 2016 11,270 PROVINCE LUBUSKIE 6,380 PROVINCE -POMORSKIE ZACHODNIO 48,164 PROVINCE DOLNOŚLĄSKIE 30,172 PROVINCE WIELKOPOLSKIE 333,524 registered inPoland: Total numberofmonuments (IMMOVABLE, MOVABLE ANDARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS) NUMBER OFREGISTERED MONUMENTS Source: TheNationalHeritage Board ofPoland 9,951 PROVINCE POMORSKIE 12,697 PROVINCE OPOLSKIE

13,067 PROVINCE KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIE 11,480 PROVINCE ŚLĄSKIE 17,224 ŁÓDZKIE PROVINCE 31,454 PROVINCE MAŁOPOLSKIE 11,165 PROVINCE WARMIŃSKO-MAZURSKIE 28,634 PROVINCE MAZOWIECKIE 15,272 PROVINCE ŚWIĘTOKRZYSKIE 56,262 PROVINCE PODKARPACKIE 118 PODLASKIE 7,079 PROVINCE 23,253 PROVINCE LUBELSKIE FIELDS OFCULTURE ANDNATIONAL HERITAGE 2016 4,466 PROVINCE LUBUSKIE 3,908 PROVINCE -POMORSKIE ZACHODNIO 8,685 PROVINCE DOLNOŚLĄSKIE 7,760 PROVINCE WIELKOPOLSKIE 75,331 monuments registered inPoland: Total numberofimmovable NUMBER OFREGISTERED IMMOVABLE MONUMENTS BY PROVINCE Source: TheNationalHeritage Board ofPoland 3,738 PROVINCE POMORSKIE 3,238 PROVINCE OPOLSKIE 3,402 PROVINCE KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIE 4,255 PROVINCE ŚLĄSKIE 2,764 ŁÓDZKIE PROVINCE 5,852 PROVINCE MAŁOPOLSKIE 6,417 PROVINCE WARMIŃSKO-MAZURSKIE 7,447 PROVINCE MAZOWIECKIE 1,891 PROVINCE ŚWIĘTOKRZYSKIE 4,858 PROVINCE PODKARPACKIE 119 PODLASKIE 2,370 PROVINCE 4,280 PROVINCE LUBELSKIE NUMBER OF REGISTERED IMMOVABLE MONUMENTS - PROVINCE CASTLES AND COURTS COMMUNICA CEMETERIES GREEN OTHER NO. MONUMENTS DEFENSIVE MONUMENTS, INCLUDING ANDINDUSTRIAL MONUMENTS ECONOMIC MONUMENTS RESIDENTIAL MONUMENTS PALACES PUBLIC SERVICE FACILITIES MONUMENTS URBAN PLANS URBAN SACRED SACRED SMALL ARCHITECTURE TECHNICAL TECHNICAL TION TOTAL

1 Dolnośląskie 132 1,378 277 413 663 2,697 795 725 16 331 828 51 379 8,685 Province

2 Kujawsko-pomorskie 20 539 152 175 270 662 594 219 4 130 407 11 219 3,402 Province

3 Lubelskie Province 41 822 153 116 241 766 483 225 52 394 521 139 327 4,280

4 Lubuskie Province 32 553 143 133 257 2,437 284 195 3 59 199 19 152 4,466

5 Łódzkie Province 31 512 43 171 103 716 309 193 7 143 378 25 133 2,764

6 Małopolskie Province 54 920 153 119 362 1,784 464 368 32 392 395 131 678 5,852

7 Mazowieckie Province 118 989 127 337 304 2,454 776 633 26 378 857 76 372 7,447

8 Opolskie Province 31 570 95 141 217 1,206 192 183 10 125 217 73 178 3,238

9 Podkarpackie 49 1,076 133 103 270 1,506 358 299 17 272 314 165 296 4,858 Province

10 Podlaskie Province 68 514 18 88 111 717 107 162 5 321 98 27 134 2,370

11 Pomorskie Province 57 497 177 201 323 1,231 322 275 11 120 271 31 222 3,738

12 Śląskie Province 64 601 71 288 273 1,860 233 398 9 80 185 38 155 4,255

13 Świętokrzyskie 30 499 47 79 79 282 210 85 11 182 222 24 141 1,891 Province

14 Warmińsko-mazurskie 63 605 148 311 542 2,642 377 304 15 533 408 270 199 6,417 Province

15 Wielkopolskie 131 1,155 78 324 747 1,888 1,067 544 14 340 1,032 34 406 7,760 Province

16 Zachodnio-pomorskie 53 869 96 181 204 485 377 307 26 294 745 18 253 3,908 Province

17 Total 974 12,099 1,911 3,180 4,966 23,333 6,948 5,115 258 4,094 7,077 1,132 4,244 75,331

Source: The National Heritage Board of Poland

FIELDS OF CULTURE AND NATIONAL HERITAGE 120 NUMBER OF REGISTERED IMMOVABLE MONUMENTS - PROVINCE CASTLES AND COURTS COMMUNICA CEMETERIES GREEN OTHER NO. MONUMENTS DEFENSIVE MONUMENTS, INCLUDING ANDINDUSTRIAL MONUMENTS ECONOMIC MONUMENTS RESIDENTIAL MONUMENTS PALACES PUBLIC SERVICE FACILITIES MONUMENTS URBAN PLANS URBAN SACRED SACRED SMALL ARCHITECTURE TECHNICAL TECHNICAL TION TOTAL