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About the Author Dr. Pranab Kumar Parua was born in West Bengal province of India in 1942 and graduated in civil engineer- ing from Jadavpur University in Kolkata in 1963 with first class. His professional career started in 1964 in the Central Public Works Department of the Government of India in Kolkata. Next year, in January 1965, he joined the Farakka Barrage Project, then under way, as an Assistant Engineer and was associated with the design, construction and maintenance of the barrage across the Ganga at Farakka in Murshidabad district of West Bengal, about 300 kilometers north of Kolkata and later with the construction and maintenance of the Feeder Canal, a part of the project. He spent a large part of his career, over 30 years, in the project, climbing his career ladder to Superintending Engineer and General Manager (in charge) and retired in 2002. From 1985 to 1988, he worked for the Calcutta Port Trust as Engineer on Special Duty in the Hydraulic Study Department and supervised river-training work of the Hooghly estuary and its dredging operations. While in service, Dr. Parua registered his name for Ph.D. with permission from Calcutta Port Trust and qualified for the Doctor of Philosophy (D. Phil) degree in engineering from his alma mater, Jadavpur University in 1992. He received many awards for excellence in his profession, like Bharat Gaurav (‘Pride of India’) from International Friendship Society, New Delhi and was adjudged as ‘one of the best citizens of India’, 2000 by International Publishing House, New Delhi. He figures in the ‘Who’s Who in Science & Engineering’ of M/S Marquis, USA and also as a ‘leading scientist of the world, 2005’, sponsored by International Biographical Centre, Cambridge, UK. He is also associated with major engineer- ing professional bodies of India and abroad, such as, Institute of Engineers (India), Indian Geo-technical Society, Indian Association of Hydrologists, Indian Roads Congress, American Society of Civil Engineers of India and the USA. At present, he is associated with the Asian Development Bank on water resources management and river basin management project of the Brahmaputra River Basin in north-east P.K. Parua, The Ganga, Water Science and Technology Library 64, 327 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-3103-7, C Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 328 About the Author India. He travelled to Bangkok, Singapore and Dhaka to attend technical confer- ences on invitation and presented in them many papers on concrete structures, river basin management etc. Dr. Parua is married with two sons and a daughter and lives in Kolkata. Appendix A (i) JOINT INDIA-BANGLADESH PRESS RELEASE EMBARGO: Not to be Published / Broadcast / Telecast before 1700 Hrs Ist/ 1730 Hrs BST on 18th April, 1975. DACCA/NEW DELHI : April 18: The delegation from India led by His Excellency Sri Jagjivan Ram, Minister of Agriculture and Irrigation and the delegation from Bangladesh led by His Excellency Mr. Abdul Rab Serneabat, Minister of Flood Control, Water Resources and Power met in Dacca from the 16th to 18th April, 1975. The talks were held in a cordial atmosphere and were characterized by mutual understanding that exists between the two friendly countries. The Indian side pointed out that while discussions regarding allocation of fair weather flows of Ganga during lean months in terms of the Prime Ministers’ dec- laration of May, 1974 are continuing, it is essential to run the feeder canal of the Farakka Barrage during the current lean period, it is agreed that this operation may be carried out with varying discharges in ten-day periods during the months April and May, 1975 as shown below ensuring the continuance of the remaining flows for Bangladesh. Month Ten-day period Withdrawal April, 1975 21st to 30th 11,000 cusecs May, 1975 1st to 10th 12,000 cusecs 11th to 20th 15,000 cusecs 21st to 31st 16,000 cusecs Joint teams constituting of experts of two Governments shall observe at the appro- priate places in both the countries the effects of the agreed withdrawals at Farakka, in Bangladesh and on the Hooghly river for the benefit of Calcutta Port. A joint team will also be stationed at Farakka to record the discharges into the feeder canal and 329 330 Appendix A the remaining flows for Bangladesh. The teams will submit their report to both the Governments for consideration. Sd/- Sd/- C.C. Patel S. Z. Khan Additional Secretary Secretary Meetings held in Calcutta for implementing Dacca Agreement of 18th April, 1975 on 24th and 25th April, 1975 relating to withdrawal at Farakka. The following officials participated:- (1) Government of Bangladesh (i) Mr. M.F.A. Siddiqui OSD, Planning Commission. (ii) Mr. M.L. Rasul Munsi Superintending Engineer (iii) Mr. M. Hossain IWTA (2) Government of India (i) Shri V. N. Nagraja Members, JRC, Department of Irrigation. (ii) Shri R. Rangachari Joint Commissioner (JRC) Department of Irrigation. (3) Calcutta Port Trust (i) Dr. S. K. Bhattacharjee Chief Hydraulic Engineer (ii) Shri B. B. Deb Chaudhury Engineer on Special Duty (iii) Dr S. K. Nag Deputy Chief Hydraulic Engineer (iv) Shri G. S. Paul Deputy River surveyor (P & R) (v)DrS.C.Roy Senior Scientific Officer (4) Government of West Bengal (i) Shri S. P. Sen Chief Engineer (II) Irrigation and Waterways Department Appendix A 331 1. Observation at Farakka Gauge and Discharge observation to be carried out by GBWRD, Government of India. Observation Station – Below Barrage, Feeder Canal and Barrage Pond. 2. Observation in the Hooghly (i) Tidal gauge observation at Sagar, Haldia, Diamond Harbour, Garden Reach and Tribeni. (ii) Continuous gauge curves for study of bores. (iii) Inspection of day-time gauge sites. (iv) Track survey operation (v) Deployment of dredgers (vi) Other information relating to salinity at different locations. (vii) Information about Hydrographic survey charts, velocity, computed tidal influx etc. for last five years. 3. Observation by Bangladesh (i) Salinity regime in Gorai-Madhumati-Nabaganga-Bhairab-Pasur, Garai- Madhumati-Baleswar and Padma-Meghma. (ii) Gauge and discharge observation in the neighbourhood of tidal apex. (iii) Available rainfall data. (iv) Information on navigation channel, e.g. Ganga/Padma, Gorai-Madhumati and connected channels. (v) Water levels along navigation channels. (vi) Information regarding dredging/conservancy works, etc. (vii) Ganga-Kobadak pumping Project—facility of access and information on water level at Paksey/Hardinge Bridge, intake channel, Padma river at Gorai off take, Gorai-Madhumati rivers above the confluence with the Brahmaputra. (viii) Daily flow measurement at Paksey on the Ganga and Gorai-Madhumati. (ix) C/S and L/S of intake channel and measures for its maintenance. (x) Details of GK pumping plants, operation procedure, technical specification of pumps, daily pumping head and pump discharge, etc. (xi) Discharge observations at head reach of the main canal and important escapes etc. (xii) Informations for the last five years. The progress of work was regularly monitored by holding meetings in Calcutta on 28.4.75, 7.5.75, 12.5.75 and 13.5.75 and at Farakka on 10.5.75 and 11.5.75. No further accord during monsoon of 1975. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, President of Bangladesh was assassinated on 15th August, 1975. Relation between the two countries became strained. A Bangladesh team visited Farakka on 9th May, 1976. Appendix B Agreement between the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh and the Government of the Republic of India on Sharing of the Ganges Waters at Farakka and on Augmenting its flows. Dated – 5th November, 1977. THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA, DETERMINED to promote and strengthen their relations of friendship and good neighbourliness, INSPIRED by the common desire of promoting the well-being of their peoples, BEING desirous of sharing by mutual agreement the waters of the international rivers flowing through the territories of the two countries and of making the optimum utilization of the water resources of their region by joint efforts, RECOGNISING that the need of making an interim arrangement for sharing of the Ganges Waters at Farakka in a spirit of mutual accommodation and the need for a solution of the long term problem of augmenting the flows of the Ganges are in the mutual interests of the peoples of the two countries, BEING desirous of finding a fair solution of the question before them, without affecting the rights and entitlements of either country other than those covered by this Agreement, or establishing any general principles of law or precedent, HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOW: A. Arrangements for sharing of the waters of the Ganges at Farakka ARTICLE I The quantum of waters agreed to be released by India to Bangladesh will be at Farakka. ARTICLE II (i) The sharing between Bangladesh and India of the Ganges waters at Farakka from the 1st January to the 31st May every year will be with reference to the 333 334 Appendix B quantum shown in column 2 of the Schedule annexed hereto which is based on 75 per cent availability calculated from the recorded flows of the Ganges at Farakka from 1948 to 1973. (ii) India shall release to Bangladesh waters by 10-day periods in quantum shown in column 4 of the Schedule : Provided that if the actual availability at Farakka of the Ganges waters during a 10-day period is higher or lower than the quantum shown in column 2 of the Schedule it shall be shared in the proportion applicable to the period; Provided further that if during a particular 10-day period, the Ganges flows at Farakka come down to such a level that the share of Bangladesh is lower than 80 per cent of the value shown in column 4, the release of waters to Bangladesh during that 10-day period shall not fall below 80 per cent of the value shown in column 4.
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  • Modernization, Vulnerability and Climate Change in the Southwest Bangladesh

    Modernization, Vulnerability and Climate Change in the Southwest Bangladesh

    MODERNIZATION, VULNERABILITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHWEST BANGLADESH Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Begum, UKM Shawkat ARA Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 09/10/2021 09:43:05 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/205178 MODERNIZATION, VULNERABILITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHWEST BANGLADESH by UKM Shawkat Ara Begum _____________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the SCHOOL OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2011 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by UKM Shawkat Ara Begum entitled Modernization, Vulnerability and Climate Change in Southwest Bangladesh and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _________________________________________________ Date: 05/13/2011 Dr. Timothy J. Finan _________________________________________________ Date: 05/13/2011 Dr. Thomas K. Park _________________________________________________ Date: 05/13/2011 Dr. James B. Greenberg _________________________________________________ Date: 05/13/2011 Dr. Diane E. Austin _________________________________________________ Date: 05/13/2011 Dr. Steven W. Leavitt Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement.