DOCSLIB.ORG

Study of Agreement Between the Rosso-Mardones and Atalah Scales for Nutritional Assessment in Pregnancy. La Ermita Clinic, Cart

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Study of Agreement Between the Rosso-Mardones and Atalah Scales for Nutritional Assessment in Pregnancy. La Ermita Clinic, Cart Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología Vol. 71 No. 1 •Enero-Marzo 2020 • (34-41) ORIGINAL RESEARCH DOI: https://doi.org/10.18597/rcog.3317 STUDY OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE ROSSO-MARDONES AND ATALAH SCALES FOR NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT IN PREGNANCY. LA ERMITA CLINIC, CARTAGENA, 2017 Estudio de concordancia entre las escalas de Rosso-Mardones y Atalah para la evaluación nutricional en embarazadas. Clínica La Ermita de Cartagena, 2017 Edgar E. Rivas-Perdomo, MD, MSc1; Martha Galván-Villa, MD2 Received: February 18, 2019 / Accepted: March 21, 2020 ABSTRACT of the patients were classified as having a normal Objective: To assess the degree of concordance nutritional status, 22% as low weight, and 44% as between the model for maternal nutritional assess- overweight or obese. With the Atalah scale, 41% ment proposed by Rosso-Mardones and the one of the women were classified as having a normal proposed by Atalah. nutritional status, 10% as low weight and 48% as Materials and methods: Diagnostic concordance overweight or obese. The weighted kappa value study. Pregnant women between the ages of 19 was 0.74 with a standard error of 0.04, a 95% CI and 37 years with a gestational age of 10 or more of 0.66-0.82 and a p value < 0.05. weeks were included; patients with diabetes, thy- Conclusions: There is substantial agreement be- roid disease, maternal hypertensive disorder, twin tween nutritional assessment scales used in preg- pregnancy, severe fetal malformation, fetal death, nancy, namely the Rosso-Mardones nomogram and and hydrops fetalis were excluded. Non-probabilistic the Atalah scale. Further studies to assess concor- sampling. Sociodemographic, obstetrical and nutri- dance of these scales in the pregnant population tional status variables were measured. are required. Results: Overall, 98 pregnant women were includ- Keywords: Prenatal care; nutrition; nutritional ed. With the use of the Rosso-Mardones scale, 33% assessment; concordance study. RESUMEN * Correspondence: Edgar E. Rivas-Perdomo, Transversal 32A # 71-121, Objetivo: evaluar el grado de concordancia entre Casa 3, Urbanización Providencia Real, Cartagena, Colombia. [email protected] el modelo de evaluación del estado nutricional 1 Faculty, Medicine Program, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, materna propuesto por Rosso-Mardones con el Colombia. 2 Physician, Clínica La Ermita de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia. propuesto por Atalah. Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol ISSN 2463-0225 (On line) 2020;71:34-41 STUDY OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE ROssO-MARDONES AND ATALAH SCALES FOR NUTRITIONAL AssEssMENT IN PREGNANCY. LA ERMITA CLINIC, CARTAGENA, 2017 35 Materiales y métodos: estudio de concordancia has some form of nutritional deficit. For example, diagnóstica. Se incluyeron gestantes entre los 19 prevalences of low maternal weight of 18% and 30% y 37 años, con una edad gestacional de 10 o más have been reported in Colombia for the northeastern semanas; se excluyeron gestantes con: diabetes, en- department of Casanare (6) and the city Cartagena, fermedad tiroidea, hipertensión asociada al emba- in the Caribbean, respectively (7). razo, embarazos gemelares, malformaciones fetales Inadequate nutritional status during pregnancy graves, muerte fetal e hidrops fetalis. Muestreo no has negative repercussions on fetal, neonatal and probabilístico. Se midieron las variables sociode- maternal health (8-10). Insufficient as well as mográficas, obstétricas y el estado nutricional. Se excessive weight gain during pregnancy are strongly calculó el valor de kappa de concordancia entre las associated with the development of maternal and dos escalas de evaluación nutricional. fetal complications (11, 12). The frequency of Resultados: se incluyeron 98 gestantes. La escala premature and low birthweight neonates is higher de Rosso-Mardones clasificó al 33 % de las pacien- among low-weight pregnant women as compared tes en estado nutricional normal, al 22 % con bajo to pregnant women of normal weight (9, 10, 13). peso y al 44% con sobrepeso u obesidad. La escala On the other hand, excessive weight gain gives rise de Atalah clasificó al 41% de las gestantes en estado to a higher risk of miscarriage, gestational diabetes, nutricional normal, al 10 % con bajo peso y al 48 hypertensive disorders, labor disruptions, fetal % con sobrepeso u obesidad. El valor kappa pon- macrosomia, respiratory distress syndrome, major derado obtenido fue 0,74 con un error estándar de fetal anomalies and, finally, an increased risk of 0,04 y un IC 95 %: 0,66-0,82 con valor p < 0,05. fetal demise (14). Conclusiones: las escalas de evaluación nutricional Consequently, with its advantage of being a en gestantes, nomograma de Rosso-Mardones y de modifiable risk factor, weight gain during pregnancy Atalah, tienen un acuerdo considerable. Se requie- is one of the variables that determines gestational ren más estudios que evalúen la concordancia entre prognosis (15), rendering nutritional assessment of estas escalas en población gestante. the pregnant woman a critical component of prenatal Palabras clave: control prenatal; nutrición; eva- care (16). Therefore, access to reference guidelines luación nutricional; estudio de concordancia. or standards for adequate follow-up of nutritional status throughout pregnancy is required (17). INTRODUCTION Several tools are available to clinicians for Weight gain during pregnancy is a complex phe- assessing nutritional status during pregnancy. These nomenon influenced by multiple physiological, include the guidelines proposed by the United placental and metabolic factors (1), one of the most States Institute of Medicine (IOM) (18), which important being nutritional status before pregnancy are currently the subject of debate because of the initiation (2, 3). weight gain parameters are considered too high for In the Americas and the Caribbean, the prevalence the Latin American population. Another option is of overweight and obesity among adult women is the Rosso-Mardones (RM) nomogram proposed in around 70% (4) and, according to the Colombian 1997, which identifies women at risk who require National Nutritional Status Survey (ENSIN, 2010), nutritional intervention (13, 16). According to the the prevalence for Colombia was 34% (5). But excess guidelines of the Colombian National Institute of weight and obesity are not the only factors affecting Health (INS), neonates with a birth weight between the course of gestation; according to the ENSIN, 2,500 and 2,999 g are classified as weight-deficient, one out of every five pregnant women, on average, while 3,000 g is classified as normal weight (19). 36 Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología Vol. 71 No. 1 • 2020 The RM nomogram has been used to predict that for grading nutritional status in pregnant women. women with low weight at the start of pregnancy The women enrolled were 19 years of age and older, are at a higher risk of bearing children weighing < with a gestational age of 10 or more weeks who at- 3.000 g (0.31 sensitivity and 0.8 specificity), while tended Clínica La Ermita in Cartagena (Colombia) women diagnosed as overweight or obese have a during the period between March and May, 2017. higher risk of bearing neonates with a birth weight Pregnant women with diabetes, thyroid disease, > 4.000 g (0.30 sensitivity and 0.77 specificity) (20, pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder and hydrops 21). The main drawback of the RM scale is that it fetalis were excluded. This Clinic is a private Level III can only be applied to women 140-175 cm tall and healthcare facility that serves a population consist- weighing between 30 and 100 kg (22). ing mainly of patients affiliated to the contributive Finally, according to Grandi, “the World Health regime of the Colombian General Social Security Organization (WHO) has proposed that nutritional System. Convenience sampling was carried out from assessment in pregnant women be performed using the universe of patients attending the participating BMI, obtained by dividing weight (kg) by height institution during the study period. Sample size was (m) square” (23); and Espinoza et al. point out that not calculated. “Body mass index (BMI) is an anthropometric way Procedure. Potential candidates were identified to define fat and lean mass composition in men and among pregnant women who presented to the women” (16). It was based on this premise that the emergency service and were later admitted to the scale proposed by Atalah (AEA) was developed in participating institution. Inclusion and exclusion 1997, which gives a theoretical definition of the criteria were then applied and the study subjects table using the normality criterion proposed by were selected. One of the investigators explained the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (24). the study objectives and requested authorization However, the AEA proposal also has limitations for participation and then proceded to gather because, in pregnant women with short legs, information on sociodemographic and clinical BMI does not necessarily correlate with body fat variables. Weight and height were determined percentage and, during pregnancy, this ratio reflects using a mechanical Rice Lake scale with a capacity both maternal as well as fetal weight (2). for up to 200 kg and attached size meter. The Given these limitations of each of the nutritional nutritional status of each patient was determined assessment tools, and also given the fact that there in accordance with the RM and AEA models. The are no known studies in Colombia designed to two components of the RM model, a nomogram assess the degree of agreement between both these and a weight gain graph, are used to calculate weight tools which are widely used in our population, the percentage for height (W/H), based on the woman’s objective of this study is to assess concordance weight and height; this value is projected on the between the maternal nutritional status assessment percentage found in the nomogram, in relation model proposed by Atalah and the Rosso-Mardones to the gestational age at which the measurement nomogram in a population of pregnant women in is made (20). On the other hand, for the AEA the Caribbean region of Colombia.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pdf 635.95 K
    International Journal of Aquatic Science ISSN: 2008-8019 Vol. 4, No. 1, 44-61, 2013 Do temporary lakes vary from year to year? A comparison of limnological parameters and zooplankton from two consecutive annual cycles in an Argentine temporary saline lake Santiago A. Echaniz*, Gabriela C. Cabrera, Carolina Rodríguez and Alicia M. Vignatti Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Avenida Uruguay 151. 6300, Santa Rosa, provincia de La Pampa. República Argentina Received: 9 November 2012 Accepted: 14 December 2012 Published: 14 January 2013 Abstract: Temporary wetlands alternate dry phases with hydroperiods of varying duration. When their salinity is high it becomes one of the abiotic factors more influencing on wetland ecology. Due to the temporary nature of the ecosystem, the physico-chemical and biological parameters exhibit relatively large variation in short time periods; therefore studies limited to short periods cannot record long-term dynamics. Temporary aquatic ecosystems in other latitudes have been well studied; however those in Argentina have received little attention, despite their high frequency; particularly in the semi-arid central-west belt. Given that in La Pampa province (central region of Argentina) data previously collected from different hydroperiods of several temporary saline lakes are available, the aim of this study was to compare and establish relationships between physico-chemical parameters, and zooplankton taxonomic composition, diversity and biomass, recorded in two consecutive annual cycles in a saline lake in the northern of the province. Seasonal water and zooplankton samples were obtained during 2006 and 2007. Salinity differed, and increased from a mean of 23.98 g.L-1 (2006) to 36.71 g.L-1 (2007).
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Study in Lexical Material Relating to Nicknames and Surnames
    A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN LEXICAL MATERIAL RELATING TO NICKNAMES AND SURNAMES By J. AQUILINA WE read in verse 19 of Chapter IT of Genesis that 'The Lord God having formed out of the ground all the beasts of the earth and all the fowls of the earth brought them to Adam to see what he would call them; For what­ soever Adam called any living creatures the same is its name'. This is the first historical record of man as a name-giver. As a name places a living, or non-living, creature, a thing or an idea, or any intellectual abstraction, within a context of recognizable reality of human experience in a way that it can be distinguished from others existing within the same, or different or kindred, category, we can say that names indi viduat­ ing realities or sUbjective reactions are indicative labels. In a sense the name is the thing or the person itself. Indeed, amongst savages the name is considered as an integral part of the person that bears it. As a rule, therefore, the savage prefers to be known rather by his substituted name than by his real name, the reason being that while one cannot harm him through the substituted name one can reach him and do him harm through his own name, which is his real personal identity. Hence the Maltese saying skond laqmek ghamlek 'A.s you are so is your surname'. Latin nomina omina 'names are omens', and a Kirundi saying [zina niryo muntu 'Le nom c'est l'homme' given by F .M.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings Template
    Ovide, E., & García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2016). A technology-based approach to revitalise indigenous languages and cultures in learning online environments. In F. J. García-Peñalvo (Ed.), Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (TEEM’16) (Salamanca, Spain, November 2-4, 2016) (pp. 1155-1160). New York, NY, USA: ACM. doi: 10.1145/3012430.3012662 A technology-based approach to revitalise indigenous languages and cultures in online environments Evaristo Ovide Francisco José García-Peñalvo Universidad de Salamanca GRIAL Research Group, Paseo de Canalejas, 169, University of Salamanca 37008 Salamanca Paseo de Canalejas 169, 37008 (+34) 923294500 (ext. 3433) Salamanca, Spain [email protected] (+34) 923294500 (ext. 3433) [email protected] ABSTRACT In this paper, we will show some facts showing the serious problems in the implementation of Intercultural Bilingual Education in the province of Chaco. The data provided here show that this education modality does not fulfill the expectations promised by the provincial or national governments. As a result indigenous languages and cultures in the province keep fading away under the pressure of the Spanish language, different religious denominations and other non-indigenous influences. We propose here a technology-based education approach to revitalise indigenous languages as a main objective, as it is the most difficult and more powerful from an identity point of view, as we will argue in this paper. Cultural features evolve and change over time, but language is the link that keeps the past and the present together under the same identity. CCS Concepts • Applied computing~E-learning • Applied computing~Ethnography • Applied computing~Collaborative learning Keywords E-learning; collaborative learning; indigenous peoples; endangered languages; decolonization.
    [Show full text]
  • Triatoma Infestans Bugs in Southern Patagonia, Argentina
    LETTERS spp. isolates in US food animals (10). 4. Galimand M, Guiyoule A, Gerbaud G, Triatoma infestans Given these linkages, the transfer of an Rasoamanana B, Chanteau S, Carniel E, et al. Multidrug resistance in Yersinia pes- Bugs in Southern MDR plasmid from Salmonella spp. tis mediated by a transferable plasmid. N to Y. pestis seems possible. However, Engl J Med.1997;337:677–80. Patagonia, we emphasize that to date no evidence 5. Hinnebusch BJ, Rosso M-L, Schwan TG, Argentina supports this type of event. Carniel E. High-frequency conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes to Yersinia pestis in the fl ea midgut. Mol Mi- To the Editor: Triatoma infestans crobiol. 2002;46:349–54. bugs, the main vector of Chagas dis- The Centers for Disease Control and 6. Welch TJ, Fricke WF, McDermott PF, ease, historically occupied a large area Prevention provided many of the DNA White DG, Rosso M-L, Rasko DA, et from northeastern Brazil to Chubut samples. al. Multiple antimicrobial resistance in plague: an emerging public health risk. Province in Patagonia, Argentina (1). This work was funded by National PLoS One. 2007;2:e309. DOI: 10.1371/ Large-scale insecticide spraying dur- Institutes of Health, National Institute of journal.pone.0000309 ing the 1980s and 1990s reduced its Allergy and Infectious Diseases (grant 7. Centers for Disease Control and Preven- geographic range and abundance and tion. Imported plague–New York City, nos. AI070183 and AI30071); the Pacifi c 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. interrupted transmission of Trypano- Southwest Regional Center of Excellence 2003;52:725–8.
    [Show full text]
  • Red Wine Cabernet Sauvignon '16 ...12.00 / 40.00 Rosso Di
    RED WINE RED WINE MALBEC ‘18 ......................................... 9.00/29.00 MALBEC ‘18 ......................................... 9.00/29.00 Jean Bousquet, Mendoza, Argentina Jean Bousquet, Mendoza, Argentina Full Bodied with Ripe Plums, Blackberries & Full Bodied with Ripe Plums, Blackberries & Soft Tannins Soft Tannins CABERNET SAUVIGNON ‘16 .......12.00 / 40.00 CABERNET SAUVIGNON ‘16 .......12.00 / 40.00 Ex Libris, Columbia Valley, Washington Ex Libris, Columbia Valley, Washington Black Cherries & Currants, with Hints of Cedar Black Cherries & Currants, with Hints of Cedar &An Elegant Finish &An Elegant Finish PINOT NOIR ‘18 ...............................11.00 / 37.00 PINOT NOIR ‘18 ...............................11.00 / 37.00 Wyatt, California Wyatt, California Well Balanced with Flavors of Wild Red Berries Well Balanced with Flavors of Wild Red Berries & a Lush Texture & a Lush Texture BARBERA D’ASTI .........................11.00 / 37.00 BARBERA D’ASTI .........................11.00 / 37.00 Pico Maccario, Piedmont, Italy Pico Maccario, Piedmont, Italy Spices, Black Cherry & Bright Acidity Spices, Black Cherry & Bright Acidity MERLOT ‘15 ................................................. 58.00 MERLOT ‘15 ................................................. 58.00 Flora Springs, Napa, California Flora Springs, Napa, California BOURGOGNE ROUGE ‘15 ....................... 65.00 BOURGOGNE ROUGE ‘15 ....................... 65.00 Domaine Laurent, “Cuvee MCMXXVI” Domaine Laurent, “Cuvee MCMXXVI” Burgundy, France Burgundy, France ROSSO
    [Show full text]
  • Sweeter Sips SAVI Signatures Bubbles Rosato Bianco Rosso
    +WINE BAR SAVI Wine Flights Flight SAVI Signatures BUBBLES Prosecco, Sparkling Rosé, Lambrusco 15 LIMONCELLO SPRITZ ITALIAN COASTAL WHITES Vermentino, Chardonnay, Falanghina 13 Prosecco + SAVI Limoncello 12 ROSÉ ALL DAY Routas, Lavignone, Cantele 13 APEROL SPRITZ Prosecco + Aperol Liqueur 12 TUSCAN VARIETY Chianti, Tuscan Blend, Super Tuscan 15 ITALIAN BLUEBERRY MOJITO NORTHERN ITALIAN Barbera, Dolcetto, Barolo 17 House-infused blueberry rum, prosecco, mint 12 SOUTHERN ITALIAN Cannonau, Nero d’Avola, Primitivo 15 SUPER TUSCANS “Guidalberto”, Grattamacco, “Il Bruciato” 25 RASPBERRY LIMONCELLO MULE SAVI Limoncello, raspberry puree, SOMMELIER SELECT Rotating SAVI Sommelier selections MKT prosecco, ginger beer 13.5 BLIND TASTING CHALLENGE A fun way to learn + test your tasting skills 20 STRAWBERRY BASIL MARGARITA House-infused basil tequila, triple sec, strawberry simple, balsamic 11 5 oz 8.5 oz Bubbles Glass Quartino BLACK CHERRY LIMEADE PROSECCO, GRAN PASSIONE (HOUSE BUBBLES) Veneto, Italy 9 15 Effen Black Cherry Vodka, lime, splash of lemon 11 SPARKLING ROSÉ, VILLA SANDI Veneto, Italy 10 17 ITALIAN KIWI REFRESHER LAMBRUSCO, LINI 910 ROSSO SECCO Emilia-Romagna, Italy 11 18 Kettle One Cucumber & Mint Vodka, fresh kiwi, lemon 11 MOSCATO, MICHELLE CHIARLO “NIVOLE” Asti, Italy 1/2 Bottle - 25 GIN BLOSSOM CHAMPAGNE, LAURENT PERRIER “LA CUVEE” BRUT Champagne, France 1/2 Bottle - 45 Malfy Gin, St. Germaine, raspberry, lemon 11 5 oz 8.5 oz Bianco Glass Quartino CITRUS BASIL SMASH Malfy Gin, SAVI Limoncello, PINOT GRIGIO, CORNARO Venezia, Italy
    [Show full text]
  • Color Naming in Italian Language
    Color Naming in Italian language Giulia Paggetti1*, Gloria Menegaz1, Galina V. Paramei2 1Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Ca’ Vignal 2, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy 2Department of Psychology, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park, L16 9JD Liverpool, United Kingdom Abstract The present study investigated Italian basic color terms (BCTs). It is an extension of our previous work that explored Italian basic color categories (BCCs) using a constrained color- naming method, with 11 Italian BCTs allowed, including blu for naming the BLUE area. Since a latter outcome indicated a categorization bias, here monolexemic color-naming method was employed, enabling also use of azzurro, deeply entrenched Italian term that designates light blue. In Experiment 1, colors (N=367), sampling the Munsell Mercator projection, were presented on a CRT; color names and reaction times of vocalization onset were recorded. Naming consistency and consensus were estimated. Consistency was obtained for 12 CTs, including the two blue terms; consensus was found for 11 CTs, excluding rosso ‘red’. For each consensus category, color with the shortest RT was considered focal. In Experiment 2, consensus stimuli (N=72) were presented; on each trial, observers indicated the focal color (“best example”) in an array of colors comprising a consensus category. For each of the 12 Italian CCs, centroid was calculated and focal color (two measures) estimated. Compared to English color terms, two outcomes are specific to Italian color naming: (i) naming of the RED- PURPLE area is highly refined, with consistent use of emergent non-BCTs; (ii) azzurro and blu both perform as BCTs dividing the BLUE area along the lightness dimension.
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Investment in Latin American Real Estate: a Comparison of Argentina, Brazil and Mexico by Morgan Deal Bachelor of Busine
    Foreign Investment in Latin American Real Estate: A Comparison of Argentina, Brazil and Mexico by Morgan Deal Bachelor of Business Administration, 1998 University of Iowa and Carlos Rosso Masters in Architecture and Urbanism. 1990 University of Buenos Aires Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning and the Department of Architecture in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Real Estate Development at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology September, 2001 Morgan Deal and Carlos Rosso © 2001 All rights reserved The authors hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of Author r Department of Urban Studies and Planning August 10, 2001 Signature of Author Department of Architecture August 10, 2001 Certified by William C. Wheaton Professor of Economics, Thesis Supervisor Accepted by William C. Wheaton Chairman, Interdepartmental Degree Program in Real Estate Development Foreign Investment in Latin American Real Estate: A Comparison of Argentina, Brazil and Mexico by MORGAN DEAL and CARLOS ROSSO Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning, and the Department of Architecture on August 10, 2001 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Real Estate Development Abstract A common misconception is that Latin America is one homogeneous market. In reality each Latin American country has unique characteristics with sectors that collectively span much of the risk/reward spectrum. For example, Mexico is perceived to be highly correlated with the United States while Argentina and Brazil seem less so.
    [Show full text]
  • Decisions Denied Women’S Access to Contraceptives and Abortion in Argentina
    Human Right Watch June 2005 Vol. 17, No. 1 (B) Decisions Denied Women’s Access to Contraceptives and Abortion in Argentina I. Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 1 II. Recommendations ................................................................................................................... 5 To the Government of Argentina.......................................................................................... 5 To Donors ................................................................................................................................. 8 To the Federation of Argentine Societies of Gynecology and Obstetrics....................... 8 III. Background ............................................................................................................................. 9 Women’s Political, Economic, and Social Status................................................................. 9 Nationalism and Women’s Role as Childbearers...............................................................11 Catholic Church Opposition to Reproductive Rights.......................................................17 IV. Pervasive Barriers in Access to Contraceptives...............................................................21 Domestic and Sexual Violence .............................................................................................21 Misleading, Inaccurate, or Incomplete Information..........................................................26
    [Show full text]
  • Frentano Rosso, Cantina Frentana, Abruzzo, Italy 6.5/25 Primitivo, Zensa, Puglia, Italy 8.5/37 Gamay, Beaujolais-Villages
    WINE LIST 175ml glass/750ml bottle RED Frentano Rosso, Cantina Frentana, Abruzzo, Italy 6.5/25 Primitivo, Zensa, Puglia, Italy 8.5/37 Gamay, Beaujolais-Villages, Dominique Morel, Beaujolais, France 9/36 Cotes du Rhone ‘Terre du Mistral’, Vignerons d’Esezargues, Rhone, France 10/40 Field Street Shiraz, S.C. Pannell, Mclaren Vale, Australia 14/56 Pinot Noir, Framingham, Marlborough, New Zealand 13/52 Carmenère, Château Los Boldos Tradition Réserve, Cachapoal Andes, Chile 7/29 Etna Rosso, Tornatore, Sicily, Italy 49 Valpolicella Ripasso Superiore Classico, La Dama, Veneto, Italy 53 Palazzo della Torre 2017, Allegrini, Veneto, Italy 60 Barolo 2015, Massolino, Piemonte, Italy 99 Brunello di Montalcino 2014, San Polo, Tuscany, Italy 115 Bordeaux Superior, Chateau Gardegan, Bordeaux, France 44 Cahors, Clos de Gamot, South West France 48 Sancerre Rouge ‘Iconoclaste’ 2018, Domaine Fouassier, Loire, France 65 Saumur Champigny ‘La Cuvée du Coin’ 2016, Bruno Dubois, Loire, France 68 Pessac-Leognan de Haut-Bailly 2016, Bordeaux, France 74 St. Emilion Grand Cru 2013, Chateau Capet-Gaullier, Bordeaux, France 75 Les Fiefs de Lagrange St. Julien 2016, Bordeaux, France 92 Chateauneuf-du-Pape, Chateau de Beaucastel 2008, Southern Rhone, France 165 Pinot Noir ‘Foxhole Vineyard’ 2018, Bolney Estate, Sussex, UK 63 Bobal de Sanjuan Tinto, Valencia, Spain 31 Rioja Seleccíon 1999, Bodegas Urbina, Rioja, Spain 55 Vi d’Altura’ Priorat 2016, Mas La Mola, Cataluna, Spain 72 Cabernet Sauvignon, Chateau Changyu Moser XV, Ningxia, China 39 Pinot Noir ‘Peter Max’ 2018,
    [Show full text]
  • 327-980 Black Pages
    Bolivia Incidence and Nature of Child Labor An estimated 23.7 percent of children ages 5 to 14 years were counted as working in Bolivia in 2000. Approximately 25.5 percent of all boys 5 to 14 were working compared to 21.8 percent of girls in the same age group.494 Children work in agriculture, including in the production of sugar cane and Brazil nuts.495 Children also engage in activities such as begging, street vending, shining shoes, and assisting transport operators.496 Children work in industry, construction, small business, hotels and restaurants, and small- scale mining.497 Children have been used to traffic drugs.498 Some children are brought or sent by their parents from rural to urban areas to work as domestic servants for higher-income families, often in situations that amount to indentured servitude.499 Child labor is one of many problems associated with poverty. In 1999, the most recent year for which data are available, 14.4 percent of the population in Bolivia were living on less than USD 1 a day.500 The commercial sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, is a problem in Bolivia.501 Trafficking of children internally from rural to urban areas for commercial sexual exploitation occurs.502 Children are also trafficked to work in sugar cane production in Santa Cruz and Tarija.503 There have also been reports of children trafficked to work in small scale mines.504 A 2004 study sponsored by IOM and the OAS found that there were girls from Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia working as prostitutes in urban centers in Bolivia.505 Children are also trafficked from Bolivia to Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Japan, Spain, and the United States for the purpose of forced labor and commercial sexual 506 exploitation.
    [Show full text]
  • Rose .:. Rosato Reds .:. Rosso
    tramonto cellar collection wines by the glass...listed from lightest to heaviest sparkling .:. spumante Glass Bottle Prosecco NV Covalli ‘bubbly & exciting’ with floral notes and delicate bubbles. 9 34 Spumante NV Asti Nando, Piemonte ‘flirtatious & sweet’ honeysuckle and crisp effervescence. 9 34 white .:. bianco Pinot Grigio 2017 Pinot Grigio Sant’Anna, Veneto ‘fresh & light’ green apple fruit and dry finish 9 34 Sauvignon 2019 Little Sheep New Zealand 'refreshing & fruit-driven' tropical fruits & fun minerals 9 34 Chardonnay 2018 Lewis & Clarke Columbia Cty WA 'creamy & round’ the right amount of oak and balance 10 36 Malvasia 2018 Vinokoper Slovenia mineral rich & round’ the right amount of oak and balance 10 36 Riesling 2018 Crnko Slovenia ‘fragrant & sweet’ late harvested grapes yield sweetness in every sip 10 37 rose .:. rosato Rose 2019 Domaine des Arpents France ‘tantalizing & pink’ light skin contact & bright fruits 10 38 reds .:. rosso Pinot Noir 2017 Pacific View Willamette ‘complex & elegant’ soft fragrances of cedar and red fruit 10 38 Chianti 2017 Famiglia Castellani ‘suave & laid back’ finishes juicy and long with playful cherry nuances. 9 34 Montepulciano 2017 Illuminati Abruzzo ‘supple & zingy’ bright with licorice aromas pair with most foods. 10 38 Dolcetto Alba 2017 Le Ginestre Piemonte ‘ airy & esoteric spring floral notes reminiscent of blackberry 11 42 Malbec 2018 Bodega Benegas, Argentina ‘majestic & passionate’ powerful aromatics & polished tannins 10 38 Cabernet Sauv. 2018 Tortoise Creek CA ‘dynamic & powerful’
    [Show full text]