Learning Journey Theme Beachcombers

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Humanities Science Comparisons between coastal physical features and inland features in the UK Observe and describe different Compare the physical and human features of two different seaside towns. parts of beaches. High and low tide. Use geographical vocabulary to refer to key physical features in the UK. Living and non-living at the sea side. Research a coast line in Europe and compare with the coast line of the UK Investigate animals and plants that Use aerial images and maps to recognise physical features on the coast line of the UK. live in costal habitats Significant Individuals – Famous Explorers Comparison of tap water, river Sir Walter Raleigh, James Cook, Sir Francis Drake, Christopher Columbus water and sea water. Investigate what effect salt water has on Creative Arts English and Maths subjects are covered outside different materials Use music to create different beach sounds of this theme Investigate different types of Look at examples of art work which represents seaweed. How is seaweed different different types of seaside views Learning Journey Theme to land plants Make a 3-D sea animal real or imaginary Rock pools who lives there Create a seaside collage or beachcomber Beachcombers Investigate different types of picture shells (including land and marine). Draw design and make a seaside hut Why do some molluscs have shells Life Skills Computing whilst some do not? Use the internet to research different types of How do we stay safe at the beach? Who helps Investigate a range of sea crustaceans (Tasmanian giant crab, Japanese keep people safe/ creatures, including the similar and spider crab, mantis shrimp, coconut crab, white Who works at the seaside, what is their job? non-similar features they have. clawed crayfish and the hermit crab) What type of litter is found in the sea and on Make models of sea creatures or a Research shell patterns to use for arts award the beach? How can this damage the seashore model Watch film and live footage of seabirds environment? Research environmental groups What is special about hermit crabs Research beaches you would like to visit who aim to protect the coastline and oceans Investigate different types of Use animated films to describe marine animals What buildings do people live in at the seaside? British sea birds. and their habitats in the wild and captivity Link to beach huts Investigate buoyancy, how do boats Research sea life centres in the UK (and wider Life skills games: ship wreck on an island, float (link to life boats from world). How are marine animals kept in captivity? shrinking space. Splendid Skies theme) .

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How to Become a Crab: Phenotypic Constraints on a Recurring Body Plan
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 25 December 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0664.v1 How to become a crab: Phenotypic constraints on a recurring body plan Joanna M. Wolfe1*, Javier Luque1,2,3, Heather D. Bracken-Grissom4 1 Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 2 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa–Ancon, 0843–03092, Panama, Panama 3 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA 4 Institute of Environment and Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Biscayne Bay Campus, 3000 NE 151 Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA * E-mail: [email protected] Summary: A fundamental question in biology is whether phenotypes can be predicted by ecological or genomic rules. For over 140 years, convergent evolution of the crab-like body plan (with a wide and flattened shape, and a bent abdomen) at least five times in decapod crustaceans has been known as ‘carcinization’. The repeated loss of this body plan has been identified as ‘decarcinization’. We offer phylogenetic strategies to include poorly known groups, and direct evidence from fossils, that will resolve the pattern of crab evolution and the degree of phenotypic variation within crabs. Proposed ecological advantages of the crab body are summarized into a hypothesis of phenotypic integration suggesting correlated evolution of the carapace shape and abdomen. Our premise provides fertile ground for future studies of the genomic and developmental basis, and the predictability, of the crab-like body form. Keywords: Crustacea, Anomura, Brachyura, Carcinization, Phylogeny, Convergent evolution, Morphological integration 1 © 2020 by the author(s).
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The Coconut Crab the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) Was Established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament
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Movement of Coconut Crabs, Birgus Latro, in a Rainforest Habitat in Vanuatu 1
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