The State of Food and Agriculture, 1954

iilliiill 111111111111 1111 .11 ii111111 11 iiiiiill 11111111 11111111111 1111 11 Review and Outioo 11 11 11 11 11 1111 11111 11 1111111 111111111 uu ' 1111111111i 1111111111111 111 III pill!! 1111 111111111 11 HO 11 11 11111111 dK¿,1tur u,11 11 11 11 1111 11 1111111 YL AN[ fiULTi -STICS-1953 _RT I- PRODUCTION Part I provides basic statistics on world agricultural production.It gives authoritative information on landuse, agricultural population, crops, livestock numbers and products, food supplies and their utilization, and on commercial fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural machinery.It also includes the more important series of agricultural commodity prices in many countries, as well asindex numbers of prices received and paidby farmers, and of agricultural production. PART II- TRADE The second partisa basic reference work on world trade in agricultural products and gives statistics of the imports and exports of the major agricultural commodities.It includes regional and world totals, computed from official and unofficial information.For some major commodities, data are given by trade season aswell as by calendar year. This two-volume yearbookisa valuable reference work for importers, exporters, and commercial houses, as well as official bodies concerned with food and agriculture.Itis available from any bookseller, or from any of the FAO sales agents listed on the back cover of this publication. Price :Each part $3.50 or 17s.6d FAO STATISTICAP, PUBLIC L'IONS Monthly Bulletin of Agricultural Economics and Statistics Single copy $0.50, 2s.6d. Annual subscription $5.00, 25s. This bulletin gives statistics of production, trade and prices based on information available on the 25th of the month preceding that of issue.Each number contains one or two articles on mat- ters of current interest in the field of agricultural economics, and a section of commodity notes. Editions inEnglish,French, and Spanish.Sample copies of the bulletin will be sent on request. Second World Food Survey $0.50, 2s.6d. A broad statistical survey of how the world's population is nourished.Against the unsatisfac- torypresent situationare setdesirable food consumption targets country by country for 1960. InEnglish,French, andSpanish. Yearboolc of Forest Products Statistics 1953 $2.50, 12s.6d. This seventh issue of FAO's forestry yearbook contains new information for 1952 and revised data for 1951from more than 100 countries.The text isin English, French, and Spanish, and the tablesinEnglish and French. Yearbook of Fisheries Statistics 1950-51 $3.50, 17s.6d. Contains tables on catch, utilization, external trade and fishing craft.Text in English, French, and Spanish, and tables in English and French.The 1952-53 edition of this yearbookis in prepa- ration. THE STATE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 1954 REVIEW AND OUTLOOK FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS ROME, ITALY AUGUST 1954 NOTE The statistical material inthis publication has been prepared from such information as has been available to FAO not later than 15 July 1954 Printed in/taly ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . ........ 1 ISummary 3 World Review and Outlook 5 Regional Problems and Policies 7 Commodity Review and Outlook 10 IIWorld Review and Outlook 15 The Supply Situation 18 Agricultural Production 18 Long-term Production Trends 21 Prospects for 1954/55 21 International Trade in Agricultural Products 21 The Problem of Surpluses 28 Food Consumption and Nutrition 30 Trends in Food Consumption Patterns 31 The World Economic Situation in 1953/54 and the Demand forAgricultural Products 36 The Economic Situation in 1953/54 in Each Region 38 Prices of Agricultural Products 40 Farm Prices 43 Retail Food Prices 44 Farm Incomes 46 Investment and Credit 49 The Demand Outlook 51 Summary 54 IIIRegional Problems and Policies 57 Western Europe 61 Changing Conditions in 1953/54 61 The Reorientation of Policies 62 Prospects and Long-term Problems 64 Eastern Europe and the USSR 67 Policy Changes 68 Changes in Consumption and Trade . 69 Forest Products 70 North America 70 Surplus Disposal . 71 Adjustment of Output 72 The New Agricultural Policy of the United States 73 Outlook 74 Latin America 75 Basic Policy Problems 76 Over-all Trade and Payments Position 77 Domestic Demand and Prices 77 Oceania 79 The United Kingdom Markets 80 Alternative Export Markets 81 Domestic Consumption Levels, Prices and Future Prospects 81 The Far East . 82 Problems and Programs of Development 82 Changing Pattern of Agricultural Production and Trade 83 Improvement of Supplies of Basic Foods 84 The First Five Year Plan of India 84 Development Problems and Policies of Pakistan 85 Economic Difficulties of Ceylon and Malaya 85 Reduction in Export Incomes of Burma and Thailand 85 Transitional Economies of Indonesia and the Philippines 85 Industrial Progress and Improvement of Food Consumption in Japan. 86 Economic Development in China 86 Near East 88 Production 88 Trade 89 Consumption 90 Adjustments in Food and Agricultural Policy 90 Africa 92 The Diversification of Economies 93 The Development of Internal Markets 93 The Improvement of Transport 94 The Quality of Production 94 Food Consumption and Nutrition 95 IVReview and Outlook by Commodities 97 Wheat Supplies and Trade 99 Prices and Marketing Developments 101 Outlook . 103 Coarse Grains 103 Supplies and Trade 103 Outlook . 105 Rice 105 Current Situation 106 Outlook 107 iv Sugar 108 Production 108 Trade and Prices 109 Consumption 110 Outlook 110 Livestock Products 111 Meat 111 Dairy Products and Eggs 112 Review of World Fisheries 115 Major Producers 115 Medium Producers 115 Selected Smaller Producers 115 Utilization 116 Herring, Sardines, Anchovies, etc.. 116 Cod, Hake, Haddock, etc 116 Salmon 117 Tuna, Bonitos and Mackerel. 117 Fats, Oils and Oilseeds 117 Fresh Fruit 120 Production and Trade 120 Trade Policy 121 Outlook 121 Dried Vine Fruit and Wine 122 Dried Vine Fruit 122 Wine 123 Coffee 123 Current Situation 123 Outlook 124 Tea 125 Current Situation 126 Outlook 127 Cocoa . 127 Production 127 Prices and Trade 128 Outlook 128 Tobacco, 129 Supplies and Trade 129 Prices and Consumption 131 Outlook. 131 Cotton 131 Current Situation 131 Outlook 134 Wool 134 Current Situation 134 Outlook 136 Jute 137 Current Situation 137 Outlook 138 Rubber 138 Current Situation 138 Outlook 139 Hard Fibers 140 Current Situation 140 Outlook 141 Farm Machinery 141 Near and Far East 141 Latin America 142 Forest Products 143 Recent Production Changes 144 Roundwood 145 Sawn Wood 147 Plywood and Fiberboard 148 Pulp and Pulp Products 149 AnnexTables 151 Figures Estimated World Production of Major Agricultural Products. 20 Postwar Developments in the Volume of World Trade in Foodstuffs and Beverages 25 26 Wheat Supplies in North America and the Accumulation of Stocks. .. 29 IV. Food and Population : Distribution of the Population of the World Ac- cording to Daily Calorie Intake 32 V, Food and Population: Distribution of the Population of the World Accord- ing to Daily Intake of Animal Protein 33 Per Caput Supplies of Animal Protein inRelation to Per Caput National Income 35 Per Caput Consumptionof Cereals andRoots in Relation to Per Caput National Income 36 Per Caput Supply of Cereals for All Purposes (Including Livestock Feeding) and for Direct Human Consumption 37 Movement of Prices of Selected Agricultural and Forestry Products . 41 U.S.A. : Distribution of Retail Cost of Domestically Produced Food between Farm Value and Marketing Costs 45 Agricultural Incomes in the United States, United Kingdom and Australia at Current Prices 48 Monthly Average Prices of Grain ;July 1952 - June 1954 102 World Imports of Rice and Net Imports of Rice and Other Grains in Six Far Eastern Countries 108 Monthly Average Prices of Fats and Oils in International Markets, 1951-54 119 Monthly Average Prices of Cotton (Including Export Taxes). 134 Rubber Prices in the United States and Malaya 1951-1954 139 Prices of Forest Products 146 VI FOREWORD The year 1953 marked a turning point in the expansion should be closely geared to market postwar food and agricultural situation.With demand, without, however, losing sight of nutri- the abundant harvests of 1952/53, world produc- tional requirements.It therefore recommended tion for the first time since th.e war caught up thatall governmentsshould review their food with the growth of world population.But the and agricultural pol.icies in the light of the new expansion of production was unevenly distribut- circumstances.It recommended also that FAO ed, and in 1953 heavy surpluses of certain com- sh.ould provide facilities for periodic international modities accumulated in some countries, though, consultations on a regional as well as on a world there was little improvement in the diet of millions basisto enable governments to co-ordinate their of inadequately fed people over large areas of th.e policies as closely as possible with full knowledge world.This was the situation which faced the of what vas being planned in other parts of the representatives of Member Govermnents at the world.This too is being done. Seventh Session of the FAO Conference which The present report reviews the more recent de- met in Rome in November 1953. velopments in the world food and agricultural The Conference set itself two main problems in situation andalso the immediateoutlook.In this field :first, how the surplus stocks which had 1953/54 world production continued to expand. al.ready accumulated could best be disposed of Surpluses, especially of .wheat, became more bur- without disorganizing

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