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Corydalis (PDF) Flora of China 7: 295–428. 2008. 18. CORYDALIS Candolle in Lamarck & Candolle, Fl. Franç., ed. 3, 4: 637. 1805, nom. cons., not Medikus (1789), nor Ventenat (1803–1804). 紫堇属 zi jin shu Zhang Mingli (张明理), Su Zhiyun (苏志云 Shu Tsi-yun); Magnus Lidén Pistolochia Bernhardi. Herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial, soft, juicy, usually glabrous. Leaves usually alternate, pinnately or ternately divided. Inflo- rescence a simple bracteate raceme (compound with cymose or racemose partial inflorescences in some species of Corydalis sect. Strictae). Flowers blue, purple, orange, yellow, or white. Sepals petaloid, usually dentate. Corolla zygomorphic; upper petal spurred. Stamens 2 (i.e., filaments of each triplet completely fused); median upper stamen with a nectariferous appendage at base frequently fused to spur for a shorter or longer portion. Stigma variable. Fruit a usually many-seeded capsule with persistent style. Seeds black, with whitish elaiosomes (except in C. sect. Bipapillatae). Three subgenera and ca. 465 species: mainly N temperate (but one species in subarctic Russia/North America, one species in the mountains of E Africa, and three species in subtropical Indochina); three subgenera and 357 species (262 endemic, one requiring verification) in China. 1a. Fruit inflated, like a balloon; flowers pale blue or white (high alpine, Xinjiang and C and W Xizang) ............................................................................................................................................ 14. C. sect. Oocapnos (p. 325) 1b. Fruit not inflated like a balloon. 2a. Stems tapering to a leafless underground base; perennials with underground tuber or a fascicle of ± thickened storage roots (see also 277. C. anthocrene: stems pale and underground at base, but leafy throughout; storage roots pale and fleshy, but not fasciculate; leaves finely divided, crispate). 3a. Plant with a fleshy underground tuber; fruit dehiscence explosive or not. 4a. Cauline leaves opposite ........................................................................................................... 8. C. sect. Leonticoides (p. 313) 4b. Cauline leaves alternate. 5a. Stigma transversely oblong; tuber small (pea-sized), rounded or elongated, usually with leaves or leaf scars, tuber without a papery brownish outer skin .......................................... 7. C. sect. Duplotuber (p. 312) 5b. Stigma flattened, rounded to squarish to obtriangular in outline; tuber with a brownish skin. 6a. Fruiting pedicels straight and erect; fruit explosively dehiscent; alpine plant .............. 16. C. sect. Dactylotuber (p. 326) 6b. Fruiting pedicels recurved; fruit not explosive. 7a. Tuber oblong, usually basally branched; plant of alpine scree ...................................... 9. C. sect. Benecinctae (p. 313) 7b. Tuber rounded, entire. 8a. Plant with a single conspicuous scale leaf at soil surface; non-alpine plant of early spring ............................................................................................................................. 10. C. sect. Corydalis (p. 314) 8b. Plant without a conspicuous scale leaf; alpine plant .......................................................... 79. C. gyrophylla (p. 326) 3b. Plant with an underground fascicle of ± swollen storage roots; fruit explosively dehiscent so that valves become coiled after dehiscence. 9a. Cauline leaf simple, linear ................................................................................................... 31. C. sect. Trachycarpae (p. 365) 9b. Cauline leaves divided. 10a. Fruiting pedicels recurved. 11a. Flowers yellow ........................................................................................................... 31. C. sect. Trachycarpae (p. 365) 11b. Flowers blue or purple. 12a. Flowers clear blue with indistinct venation; cauline leaves sessile, palmately divided .................................................................................................................... 32. C. ser. Appendiculatae (p. 383) 12b. Flowers blue or purple, often with distinct veins; leaves usually pinnately divided, often rather stiff with raised midvein below ............................................ 31. C. sect. Trachycarpae (p. 365) 10b. Fruiting pedicels straight with pendent fruit. 13a. Cauline leaves twice to 3 × ternately or pinnately divided. 14a. Stems slender, branched, more than 10 cm tall; bulblike apical rhizome bud not prominent ................................................................................................................... 35. C. ser. Kokianae (p. 394) 14b. Stems less than 10 cm tall, glaucous plant growing in scree; bulblike apical rhizome bud very prominent ............................................................................................ 36. C. ser. Clavatae (p. 395) 13b. Cauline leaves less divided, often digitately cut. 15a. Dorsal wings of inner petals very pronounced, overtopping apex; spur broad and short; bulblike apical rhizome bud small .................................................................... 33. C. ser. Curviflorae (p. 386) Flora of China 7: 295–428. 2008. 15b. Dorsal wings of inner petals low, not overtopping apex; spur variable; bulblike apical rhizome bud often prominent. 16a. Plant very dense, fleshy and glaucous, less than 5 cm tall; flowers pale blue with whitish marks ................................................................................................................. 36. C. ser. Clavatae (p. 395) 16b. Stem slender; flowers clear blue ............................................................................... 34. C. ser. Fusiformes (p. 390) 2b. Lower part of stem leafy or leafless, but not tapering to a thin underground base; annual, biennial, or non-tuberous perennial. 17a. Annual or biennial. 18a. Flowers pink to purple. 19a. Bracts small, entire; fruiting pedicels ± arcuate or recurved. 20a. Flowers ca. 15 mm; stigma transversely fusiform, each end with a papilla; capsule linear-oblong, not exploding ........................................ 5. C. sect. Aulacostigma (27. C. edulis: p. 308) 20b. Flowers < 10 mm, stigma flattened with 2–6 apical papillae; capsule obovoid, explosively dehiscent .................................................................................... 19. C. sect. Fumarioides (p. 336) 19b. Bracts divided; fruiting pedicels straight or arcuate to recurved. 21a. Capsules pendent from straight erecto-patent pedicels ........................................................ 40. C. sect. Incisae (p. 419) 21b. Fruiting pedicels arcuate. 22a. Spur tapering to tip .................................................................................................. 29. C. sect. Asterostigma (p. 358) 22b. Spur cylindric. 23a. Pedicels 10–30 mm .................................................................................................. 30. C. sect. Pubicaules (p. 364) 23b. Pedicels 3–10 mm ..................................................................................................... 44. C. sect. Chinenses (p. 426) 18b. Flowers yellow or white; fruiting pedicels ± arcuate or recurved. 24a. Fruit obovoid, explosively dehiscent. 25a. Inner petals not, or only internally, tipped with blackish purple ................................. 19. C. sect. Fumarioides (p. 336) 25b. Inner petals externally tipped with blackish purple. 26a. Upper petal 9–12 mm; stems diffusely branched .................................................... 22. C. sect. Himalayanae (p. 343) 26b. Upper petal 14–18 mm; stems and branches suberect ...................................... 24. C. sect. Ramososibiricae (p. 345) 24a. Fruit linear to oblong. 27a. Bracts large, much divided (Xinjiang) ............................................ 23. C. sect. Tetragonia (132. C. capnoides: p. 345) 27b. Bracts small, entire. 28a. Flowers < 10 mm, fruit narrowly linear ............................................................... 4. C. sect. Cheilanthifoliae (p. 306) 28b. Flowers > 11 mm; fruit linear-oblong to fusiform. 29a. Fruit explosively dehiscent; stigma flat, longer than broad; spur thin, straight, equaling inner petals ......... 21. C. sect. Angustiflorae (125. C. pseudodrakeana: p. 343) 29b. Fruit not explosive; stigma not flat, 2-armed; spur saccate, shorter than inner petals ........................................................................ 6. C. sect. Sophorocapnos (p. 308) 17b. Perennial. 30a. Body of stigma ± terete, often transversely oblong; bracts small, lanceolate, often scarious; flowers usually with short rounded spur; fruit not explosively dehiscent; plant often xerophytic or chasmophytic. 31a. Stigma with 6 simple and 2 paired distinct papillae; herb of dry areas with glaucous fragile foliage ............................................................................................................................. 2. C. sect. Strictae (p. 299) 31b. Stigma with much fewer or not distinct papillae. 32a. Stigma with 2 large erect papillae on a small body; seeds lacking elaiosome; erect robust herb .............................................................................................................. 1. C. sect. Bipapillatae (p. 299) 32b. Stigma transversely oblong with indistinct papillae; low-growing chasmophytic herb. 33a. Leaves very glaucous, up to twice divided with obtuse leaflets ............................. 3. C. sect. Thalictrifoliae (p. 303) 33b. Leaves finely divided with acute leaflets ............................................................. 4.
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