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Advances in Military Sociology: Essays in Honour of Charles C. Moskos, Part A ADVANCES IN MILITARY SOCIOLOGY: ESSAYS IN HONOR OF CHARLES C. MOSKOS Contributions to Conflict Management, Peace Economics and Development Volume 12a SERIES EDITOR MANAS CHATTERJI BOOKS IN THE SERIES Eurasia: A New Peace Agenda, edited by M. D. Intriligator Cultural Differences between the Military and Parent Society in Democratic Countries, edited by G. Caforio Managing Conflict in Economic Convergence of Regions in Greater Europe, edited by F. Carluer Military Missions and their Implications Reconsidered: The Aftermath of September 11th, edited by G. Caforio and G. Kuemmel Conflict and Peace in South Asia, edited by M. Chatterji and B. M. Jain War, Peace, and Security, edited by Jacques Fontanel and Manas Chatterji Armed Forces and Conflict Resolution, edited by G. Caforio, G. Kümmel and B. Purkayastha Regional Development and Conflict Management: A Case for Brazil, by Raphael Bar-El Crisis, Complexity and Conflict, by I. J. Azis Putting Teeth in the Tiger: Improving the Effectiveness of Arms Embargoes, edited by Michael Brzoska and George A. Lopez Peace Science: Theory and Cases, by P. Gangopadhyay and M. Chatterji Advances in Military Sociology: Essays in Honor of Charles C. Moskos (Two Volume Set), edited by Giuseppe Caforio Crisis Management and Regional Cooperation, by I. J. Azis (Forthcoming) Contributions to Conflict Management, Peace Economics and Development Volume 12a ADVANCES IN MILITARY SOCIOLOGY: ESSAYS IN HONOR OF CHARLES C. MOSKOS GIUSEPPE CAFORIO President of the ISA Research Committee on Armed Forces and Conflict Resolution, Italy United Kingdom – North America – Japan India – Malaysia – China Emerald Group Publishing Limited Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK First edition 2009 Copyright © 2009 Emerald Group Publishing Limited Reprints and permission service Contact: [email protected] No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the text, illustrations or advertisements. The opinions expressed in these chapters are not necessarily those of the Editor or the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-1-84855-890-8 ISSN: 1572-8323 (Series) Awarded in recognition of Emerald’s production department’s adherence to quality systems and processes when preparing scholarly journals for print CONTENTS LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS ix FOREWORD xi INTRODUCTION xiii CHARLES C. MOSKOS (1934–2008) Laura Miller 1 SOLDIERS AND SCHOLARS IN A WORLD OF GROWING INTERDEPENDENCE John Allen Williams 5 THE GLOCALIZATION OF BEREAVEMENT: BEREAVED FAMILIES, ECONOMIC DISCOURSE AND THE HIERARCHY OF ISRAELI CASUALTIES Udi Lebel 11 PART I: BUILDING AND SUSTAINING PEACE MANY VIEWS ON PEACE Bandana Purkayastha 43 CONFLICT, PEACEMAKING AND THE DYNAMICS OF HUMILIATION Dennis Smith 59 v vi CONTENTS TURNING ENEMIES INTO FRIENDS: THE ROLE OF ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS IN BUILDING SECURITY AND SUSTAINING PEACE Lloyd J. Dumas 71 THE MILITARY ROLE IN THE AMNESTY, RECONCILIATION, AND REINTEGRATION (AR2) PROCESS: AN EXPANDED FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS Michael W. Mosser 93 PART II: INTERNATIONAL MILITARY COOPERATION AND PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS CULTURAL AND POLITICAL CHALLENGES IN MILITARY MISSIONS: HOW OFFICERS VIEW MULTICULTURALITY IN ARMED FORCES Tibor Szvircsev Tresch 111 LATIN AMERICA IN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS: A SOCIOPOLITICAL OVERVIEW Marina Malamud Feinsilber 139 POLISH MILITARY FORCES IN PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS AND MILITARY OPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR: EXPERIENCES AFTER 2000 Marcin Sin´czuch, Marian Kloczkowski and 157 Mariusz Wachowicz SOUTH KOREAN EXPERIENCES IN PEACEKEEPING AND PLAN FOR THE FUTURE Kyudok Hong 173 Contents vii HUNGARIAN EXPERIENCES FROM PEACEKEEPING IN AFGHANISTAN Zoltan Laszlo Kiss 189 GREECE’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE KOREAN WAR (1950–1955) Dimitrios Smokovitis 225 ESDP AND RUSSIA: A DECADE OF UNFULFILLED PROMISE Sandra Fernandes 233 PART III: SOCIAL, PROFESSIONAL AND POLITICAL ASPECTS OF ASYMMETRIC WARFARE ASYMMETRIC WARFARE: AN INTRODUCTION Giuseppe Caforio 261 EXPEDITIONARY MILITARY NETWORKS AND ASYMMETRIC WARFARE Paul C. van Fenema 267 PAYDAY IN THE AFGHAN NATIONAL ARMY: FROM WESTERN ADMINISTRATIVE LIABILITIES TO LOCAL REALITIES Christiaan Davids and Joseph Soeters 285 NEW WINE, NEW BOTTLES, OR BOTH? SOCIAL SCIENCE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THINKING ABOUT AND REORGANIZING FOR IRREGULAR WARFARE Wilbur J. Scott, George R. Mastroianni and 305 David R. McCone viii CONTENTS INTERACTION RITUALS AND LANGUAGE MEDIATION DURING PEACE MISSIONS: EXPERIENCES FROM AFGHANISTAN Iris Hoedemaekers and Joseph Soeters 329 NEW WAYS OF MILITARY THINKING AND ACTING FOR A BETTER WORLD: NEW MODELS – PREPARING FORCES TO MASTER UNAVOIDABLE TRANSITIONS Hermann Jung 353 THE ASYMMETRIC ANSWERS (WITH THE FOCUS ON RUSSIA’S RHETORIC AND ACTIONS) Vladimir Rukavishnikov 395 THE SYMMETRIES OF ASYMMETRY: MYTHS SURROUNDING THE NOTION OF ASYMMETRIC WAR Antulio J. Echevarria II 415 SUBJECT INDEX 427 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Giuseppe Caforio President of RC01, International Sociological Association; Italian Interuniversity Centre of Historical and Military Studies, Italy Christiaan Davids The Netherlands Defence Academy, The Netherlands Lloyd J. Dumas Economics and Public Policy at the University of Texas at Dallas, TX, USA Antulio J. Echevarria II Director of Research, U.S. Army War College, USA Marina Malamud National Science Council; National Feinsilber Defense School, Argentina Sandra Fernandes University of Minho, Portugal Hermann Jung Ret., Former Head of Defence Pedagogy Subdividion of the Training and Education Section of Ministry of Defence Austria, Austria Iris Hoedemaekers Municipality of Waalwijk, Previously Dutch Ministry of Defence, The Netherlands Kyudok Hong Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea Zoltan Laszlo Kiss National Defence University, Budapest, Hungary Marian Kloczkowski Military Office for Social Research, Warsawa, Poland ix x LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Udi Lebel Department of Social Work, Sapir College and The Department of Sociology, Ariel University Center, Israel George R. Mastroianni United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), Colorado Springs, CO, USA David R. McCone United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), Colorado Springs, CO, USA Laura Miller RAND Corporation, Arlington, VA, USA Michael W. Mosser Department of Political Science, Southwestern University, USA Bandana Purkayastha Sociology and Asian American Studies at the University of Connecticut, CT, USA Vladimir Rukavishnikov Former Department of Global Politics and International Relations of the State University–Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia Marcin Sin´czuch Military Office for Social Research and Institute of Applied Social Sciences, Warsaw University, Warsawa, Poland Wilbur J. Scott United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), Colorado Springs, CO, USA Dennis Smith Department of Social Sciences, Loughborough University, UK Dimitrios Smokovitis Strategic Studies Institute of Greece, Greece Joseph Soeters Netherlands Defence Academy and Tilburg University, The Netherlands Tibor Szvircsev Tresch Military Sociology at the Military Academy at the ETH in Zurich, Switzerland Paul C. van Fenema The Netherlands Defence Academy, The Netherlands Mariusz Wachowicz Military Office for Social Research, Warsawa, Poland John Allen Williams Loyola University Chicago, IL, USA FOREWORD This two-volume book was prepared in the memory of Charles C. Moskos, a distinguished military sociologist. He addressed the role of military and their families in international and domestic conflicts. Military is an important part of conflict and war, and its role has changed distinctly over the years due to development of technology and present day politico-social contexts. In recent years, there have been very few international conflicts. Most of the conflicts are domestic where countries or coalitions of countries are often involved to save their interest, combat terrorism, and keep world peace. A new form of war, namely asymmetric warfare, has developed. Traditional armies are not prepared for this. Peacekeeping and peacemaking by international organizations like United Nations have become the rule. The attitude of the soldiers themselves has also changed. They are questioning authority more. Protests over civilian casualty and torture are being raised. The establishment of the International Court of Justice has led to many controversies amongst nations. The role of military cannot be discussed at global levels exclusively. Regional war and the role of the military in Asia, for example, is a topic of its own. Women in military and wives of the military play important but sometimes difficult roles. The value of these two books lies in the contributions of scholars living in different countries with drastically different socioeconomic conditions to come up with a general- ization sought by Charles C. Moskos. Manas Chatterji Series Editor xi INTRODUCTION 1. FOREWORD I first met Charles C. Moskos back in 1983, at the first international conference in which I had the fortune to participate, and, since my history of relations with him parallels those of many colleagues and friends who study the military and who, like me, remember
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