Panaflex Users7 Manual Second Edition

David W. Samuelson

Focal Press Boston Oxford Johannesburg Melbourne New Delhi Singapore Contents

FOREWORDTOTHE FIRST EDITION xiii INTRODUCTION xiv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xviii

THE FILM PRODUCERS' PANAFLEX

PANAVISION CAMERAS FOR ALL TYPES OF FILM MAKING 2 The PANAFLEX system Other PANAVISION cameras PANAVISION LENSES FOR ALL FORMATS 4 PANAVISIONS wide choice of formats and lenses ANAMORPHIC or SPHERICAL? 6 Counting the costs THE PROS AND CONS OF ACADEMY, ANAMORPHIC & SUPER-35 CINEMATOGRAPHY 8 Academy cinematography Anamorphic cinematography Super-35 cinematography PANAVISIONS SPECIAL EQUIPMENT 10 Cost saving equipment Laboratory equipment PANAVISIONS NEW TECHNOLOGIES 12 Time code Research and development PANAVISION AND FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES 14 PANAVISION at the cutting edge of technology THE HIDDEN ECONOMIES OF 'GOING PANAVISION' 16 PANAVISION credits Van'eryALL-TIME FILM RENTAL CHAMPS OF THE US-CANADA MARKET 17 "BEST PICTURE" ACADEMY AWARDS 18 ACADEMY ACCOLADES 19 Producers who have won Oscars and Oscar Nominations for films photographed with PANAVISION cameras and/or lenses SELECTING PANAVISION EQUIPMENT 24 Conditions of business TYPICAL PANAVISION EQUIPMENT CHOICES 25

THE FILM DIRECTORS' PANAFLEX

THE'GO PANAVISION'DECISION 28 PANAVISION cameras don't need blankets over them to keep the sound recordist quiet Customized equipment PANAVISION FORMATS TO SUIT THE SCRIPT 30 65mm Anamorphic large screen formats Academy, TV and Widescreen formats Super-35 PANAVISION 3-PERF Regular 16 and Super 16 Television PANAVISION CAMERAS TO SUIT THE SCRIPT 32 PANAFLEX cameras SUPER PSR cameras Panavised support cameras PANAVISION LENSESTOSUITTHE SCRIPT 34 PANAVISION spherical lenses PANAVISION anamorphic lenses PANAVISION VIEWFINDING AIDS 36 Optical viewfinder systems PANAVID video assist viewfinders PANAVISION EQUIPMENT TO GIVE ADDED PRODUCTION VALUES 38 Image control filters Inclining prism low angle attachment PANAFLASHER light overlay accessory PANAVISION/FRAZIER lens system PANAVISION slant focus lenses PANATATE turnover camera mount PANAVISIONS CREDENTIALS 40 Directors who have won Oscars and Oscar Nominations for films photographed with PANAVISION cameras and/or lenses

THE DIRECTORS OF PHOTOGRAPHY'S PANAFLEX

THE DIRECTORS OF PHOTOGRAPHY'S PANAFLEX 44 Every possible facility and control PANACCESSORIESTOHELPTHECINEMATOGRAPHER 46 PANAVISION LENSES 48 PRIMO-L"Spherical" lenses PRIMO Anamorphic lenses Close Focusing and Macro lenses Slant Focus and Perspective lenses GROUND GLASSES AND HARD MASKS 50 Choice of Ground Glass markings — the options Hard masks LIGHT EFFICIENCY 52 Sharper and steadier images OPTICAL ACCESSORIES 54 Filters Diopters Diffusion Special matte boxes LIGHT CONTROL ACCESSORIES 56 The PANALITE onboard Obie light PANAFLEX micro precision adjustable shutter PANAVISION Smart Shutter II system vi Motorized graduated filters Anti-reflection triple filter holder IN-CAMERA LIGHT CONTROL AND ENHANCEMENT ACCESSORIES 58 Behind the lens filters PANAFLASHER light overlay accessory CAMERA ANGLE CONTROL ACCESSORIES 60 PANAVISION/FRAZIER lens system Inclining prisms The PANAFLEX LIGHTWEIGHT camera system PANATATE turnover camera mounts ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 62 Intense cold Heat and dust Rain, storm and water Vibration, stress, high 'g' forces and dangerous places PANAVISION PEOPLE 64 Cincmatographers who have won Oscars and Oscar Nominations for Best Cinematography using PANAVISION cameras and/or lenses

THE CAMERA OPERATORS' PANAFLEX

THE CAMERA OPERATORS'PANAFLEX 68 PANAHEAD facilities PANAFLEX viewfinder facilities SHARPER IMAGES AND FASTER PANS WITH A PANAFLEX 70 Panning speeds PANAVID VIEWFINDER SYSTEMS 72 The Color CCD flicker-free Video Assist Image grabbing THE PANAVISION PANAHEAD 74 Additional features that enhance the PANAHEAD'S user friendliness ADDITIONAL CAMERA TILT, UP OR DOWN 76 To adjust the tilt plate for additional tilt down To adjust the tilt plate for additional tilt up The PANAROCK and the PANATILT accessories FINE TUNING PANAHEAD PAN AND TILT MOVEMENTS 78 Emergency servicing SPECIAL PANAHEAD FACILITIES 80 Using the PANAHEAD as a free or friction head Using the PANAHEAD as a gyro head Using the PANAHEAD as a remote head PANABALL LEVELLERS 82 The PANABALL leveller as a hi-hat The PANABALL nodal leveller NODALLY MOUNTING PANAFLEX AND PANASTAR CAMERAS 84 Setting the camera in a nodal position THE PANATATE TURNOVER MOUNT 86 Fitting a camera to a PANATATE turnover mount PANAFLEX VIEWFINDER EYEPIECES 88 Fitting and interchanging eyepieces

vii PANAVISION EYEPIECE SPECIAL FACILITIES 90 The ocular marker ring The image magnifier The PANACLEAR eyepiece de-mister Ocular diopters PANAFLEX VIEWFINDER SPECIAL FACILITIES 92 The PANAGLOW illuminated reticle ND contrast viewing filters De-anamorphoser and light cutoff DIGITAL DISPLAYS 94 PLATINUM PANAFLEX displays PANAFLEX Gil displays PANAFLEX LIGHTWEIGHT CAMERA 96 Add-on items THE PANAVISION PEDESTAL SYSTEM 98 Special Features

THE CAMERA ASSISTANTS' PANAFLEX

THE CAMERA ASSISTANTS' PANAFLEX 102 Checking that the equipment is all there and is as required Check list SETTING UP A PANAVISION PANAHEAD 104 Fitting the tilt plate FITTING A PANAFLEX CAMERA TO A PAN AND TILT HEAD 106 Using a sliding base plate PREPARING A PANAFLEX CAMERA FOR HAND HOLDING 108 Attaching the hand grips and shoulder rest Magazine considerations for hand-held shooting CAMERA MOVEMENT LUBRICATION 110 PANAFLEX lubrication points PANASTAR lubrication points PANAFLEX 16 lubrication points SUPER PSR, PAN-MITCHELL Mk.II AND PANAVISION 65 LUBRICATION 112 SUPER PSR lubrication points PAN-MITCHELL Mk.II lubrication points PANAVISION 65mm lubrication points REMOVING AND REPLACING CAMERA MOVEMENTS 114 Removing and replacing a PANAFLEX camera movement Removing and replacing a PANASTAR camera movement PANAFLEX POWER SUPPLIES 116 Camera power requirements Camera power notes RECHARGING NICAD BATTERIES 118 Nickel cadmium batteries RECHARGING SEALED LEAD ACID BATTERIES 120 Charge retention and performance SETTING THE CAMERA SPEED 122 PLATINUM PANAFLEX speed controls Gil and earlier PANAFLEX speed controls viii PANASTAR speed controls Precision speed control RUNNING THE CAMERA 124 Running the camera at the beginning of the day Running a PLATINUM PANAFLEX or a PANASTAR in reverse SETTING THE SHUTTER OPENING 126 Adjusting a PLATINUM PANAFLEX or PANASTAR shutter Adjusting a Gil and earlier PANAFLEX shutter Adjusting a PANASTAR shutter CHANGING THE PANAFLEX REFLEX SYSTEM 128 Changing and handling a pellicle mirror CHANGING THE GROUND GLASS AND PUTTING IN A CUT FRAME 130 Removing and replacing the ground glass Putting a cut frame into the viewfinder system THE CAMERA HEATER 132 PANAFLEX MAGAZINES 134 Reverse running magazines Camera carrying handles MAGAZINE SYSTEMS 136 Footage and take-up running indicators Magazine heaters MAGAZINE LOADING 138 Things to be done in the dark CHECKING THE APERTURE PLATE AND MATTE 140 Removing PANAFLEX, PANAFLEX 16 and PSR aperture plates Removing a PANASTAR aperture plate Checking the matte PREPARING THE CAMERA FOR LOADING 142 Setting PANAFLEX, PANAFLEX 16 and PSR cameras Setting PANASTAR cameras An optional safety measure THREADING THE CAMERA — LACING THE FILM 144 Lacing thefilm THREADING THE CAMERA — CHECKING THAT IT RUNS PROPERLY AND QUIETLY 146 Setting the camera for maximum quietness THREADING THE CAMERA —FINAL PREPARATION 148 Setting the footage counters Final checks FITTING LENSES TO THE CAMERA 150 Range extenders TESTING PANAVISION LENSES 152 Notes on understanding MTF graphs FOCUSING PANAVISION LENSES 154 CHECKING AND RESETTING THE FLANGE FOCAL DEPTH 156 PANAFLEX lens mounting dimensional stability MATTE BOX FEATURES 158 Tilting matte box Multi-stage matte box IRIS BRACKETS AND RODS 160 GELATIN FILTER HOLDERS 162 FOLLOW FOCUS CONTROLS —MANUAL 164 The Standard Follow Focus unit The Modular Follow Focus unit Fitting and adjusting follow focus units FOLLOW FOCUS CONTROLS—ELECTRONIC 166 Modular Follow Focus The FTZSAC system REMOTE CONTROL IRIS SYSTEMS 168 Manual iris control Electronic iris control ZOOM CONTROLS 170 Zoom control parking bracket "SMART SHUTTER" SHUTTER ANGLE / CAMERA SPEED /LENS APERTURE CONTROL 172 ELECTRONIC SERVICING 174 CHANGING THE ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT BOARDS 176 Removing the motor cover Changing the circuit boards

USING PANAFLEX AND PANASTAR CAMERA ACCESSORIES

THE SMART SHUTTER II ACCESSORY — FITTING THE SHUTTER MOTOR 180 Fitting the shutter control motor Calibrating the shutter motor — IN-SHOT SPEED CHANGE BELOW 24 FPS 182 Camera speed change below 24 fps using a PANAFLEX camera (shutter change only) Camera speed change with shutter and T-Stop compensation — IN-SHOT SPEED CHANGE ABOVE 24 FPS 184 Camera speed change above 24 fps using a PANASTAR camera (shutter change only) Camera speed change with shutter and T-Stop compensation — IN-SHOT DEPTH OF FIELD AND EXPOSURE CHANGES 186 Depth of field change Exposure change THE FOCUS, T-STOP, ZOOM, SPEED-APERTURE CONTROLLER (F.T.Z.S.A.C.) 188 Assembling the units — FOCUS AND T-STOP CONTROL 190 Full range lens calibration Limited range lens calibration — CAMERA SPEED /T-STOP AND ZOOM CONTROL 192 Combined camera speed and T-Stop calibration Zoom control features ELECTRONIC SYNCHRONIZER SYSTEMS 194 Phasable synchronizer Operating instructions — CAMERATO PROJECTOR SYNCHRONIZER 196 — CAMERA TO PROJECTOR SYNCHRONIZER OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 198

X — TIME-LAPSE AND TIME EXPOSURES 200 Operating instructions PANAFLASHER 202 General guidelines Operating instructions PANAHEAD ACCESSORIES 206 Accessory box attachment plates PANABALL leveller Nodal adaptor PANALITE CAMERA MOUNTED LAMP 208 PANALITE operation PANAPOD TRIPODS 210 Cleaning PANAPOD tripod legs PANATAPE II ELECTRONIC RANGEFINDER 212 Fitting and operation PANATATE TURNOVER MOUNT 214 PANAVISION VIDEO ASSIST SYSTEMS 216 TIME CODE—THE AATONCODE SYSTEM 218 Initializing the time code system Encoding the film during the take — AATONCODE GENERATOR UNIT OVERVIEW 220 — AATONCODE GENERATOR UNIT DATA ENTRY 222 Entering and setting data into the AATONCODE Generator unit — AATONCODE/NAGRAIV-S T.C. UNIT 224 Checking and changing the Nagra time code settings — INITIALIZING THE SYSTEM 226 Transferring data from the Nagra to the ORIGIN С unit Transferring data from the ORIGIN С unit to the camera — AATON ORIGIN С UNIT 228 Inputting data Resetting the Nagra time and date settings Periodically checking Time Code sync

PANAVISION PRIMO-L LENSES LENS DATA

PRIMO-L LENS DATA — ENTRANCE PUPIL POSITIONS 232 — PRIME LENS TABLES AND GRAPHS 234 — ANAMORPHIC LENS TABLES AND GRAPHS 235 — ZOOM LENS TABLES AND GRAPHS 236 SUBJECT SIZE / CAMERA DISTANCE TABLES — ACADEMY, 1.66:1&1.85:1 238 — SUPER 35 240 — TV 242 -ANAMORPHIC . 243 CAMERA DISTANCE /SUBJECT SIZE TABLES — ACADEMY, 1.66:1&1.85:1 244 — SUPER 35 246 — TV 248 — ANAMORPHIC 249

xi DEPTH OF FIELD TABLES 250 Choice of Circle of Confusion Using these tables — PRIME LENSES 251-261 — 17.5-75mm ZOOM 262-267 — 11:1ZOOM 268-272 — 3:1 ZOOM 273-276

THE SOUND RECORDISTS' PANAFLEX

CREATING THE QUIETEST POSSIBLE RECORDING CONDITIONS 278 Measuring camera noise CAMERA NOISE CONTROL 280 Minimizing camera noise

THE PRODUCTION MANAGERS' PANAFLEX

ORDERING PANAVISION EQUIPMENT 284 Ordering overthe telephone SHIPPING EQUIPMENT OVERSEAS 286 Carnet countries CAMERA EQUIPMENT REMINDER LIST 288 Cameras PANAFLEX camera accessories SPHERICAL LENS REMINDER LIST 290 PANAVISION spherical (non-anamorphic) lenses ANAMORPHIC LENS REMINDER LIST 292 PANAVISION anamorphic lenses PANAVISION REPRESENTATIVES 294 - 296 PANAVISION corporate headquarters PANAVISION representatives, USA PANAVISION representatives worldwide

INDEX 297

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