DOCSLIB.ORG

ACCOMMODATION, ASSIMILATION, and REGIME LEGITIMACY: the CCP POLICIES TOWARD ITS MINORITIES SINCE 1949 by JUN TAEK KWON (Under Th

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ACCOMMODATION, ASSIMILATION, and REGIME LEGITIMACY: the CCP POLICIES TOWARD ITS MINORITIES SINCE 1949 by JUN TAEK KWON (Under Th ACCOMMODATION, ASSIMILATION, AND REGIME LEGITIMACY: THE CCP POLICIES TOWARD ITS MINORITIES SINCE 1949 by JUN TAEK KWON (Under the Direction of Han S. Park) ABSTRACT This study intends to explore a fundamental question about the relationship between the state and minority nationalities by studying the Chinese case: national integration. This study documents the evolution of the minority policies of China since 1949. What it observes is that minority policies in China has alternated between accommodation and assimilation aimed at achieving the goal of national integration. This study proposes regime legitimacy as an independent variable in an effort to provide a convincing explanation to the question of the minority policy alternation. As the paradigm of political development advanced by Han S. Park proposes, political development of China can be examined by being broken into three stages: regime formation (1949-1957), political integration (1958-1976), and resource expansion (1978 to the present). The basis of regime legitimacy in China subsequently has shifted as the political system undergoes a transition through these three stages: performance basis (1949-1957), ideology basis (1958-1976), and the return of performance basis (1978 to the present). Based on the above observation, this study concludes that the CCP’s minority policies have evolved within the larger context of political development that has taken place in the last six decades. And more specifically, the CCP’s minority policies have been directly linked to its strategies to establish and cultivate regime legitimacy. When performance basis is predominantly pursued to generate regime legitimacy, national differences are accommodated. When an ideology basis is massively utilized to cultivate regime legitimacy, the CCP radically promotes assimilation of minorities into the majority for national convergence. INDEX WORDS: Ethnic Minority, Accommodation, Assimilation, Integration, Performance-based Legitimacy, Ideology-based Legitimacy ACCOMMODATION, ASSIMILATION, AND REGIME LEGITIMACY: THE CCP POLICIES TOWARD ITS MINORITIES SINCE 1949 by JUN TAEK KWON FORB, Chungbuk National University, Korea, 1995 M.A., Cornell University, 2004 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ATHENS, GEORGIA 2011 © 2011 JUN TAEK KWON All Rights Reserved ACCOMMADATION, ASSIMILATION, AND REGIME LEGITIMACY: THE CCP POLICIES TOWARD ITS MINORITIES SINCE 1949 by JUN TAEK KWON Major Professor: Han S. Park Committee: Paul-Henri Gurian Brock Tessman Douglas Stinnett Electronic Version Approved: Maureen Grasso Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia December 2011 DEDICATION To my parents iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my appreciation to my major professor, Dr. Han Park for his unequaled guidance and support, and to the rest of my committee, Dr. Paul-Henri Gurian, Dr. Brock Tessman, and Dr. Douglas Stinnett, without whose input this dissertation would not have been possible. I must also give thanks to my wife, Misook, for her unending patience and support. Last but not least, there are no words to express how grateful I am to my friend, Dwight Wilson. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................1 Minorities Question ...................................................................................................2 Purpose of the Study ..................................................................................................7 Contribution of the Study ..........................................................................................9 Organization of the Study ........................................................................................11 2 MINORITY NATIONALITIES ..................................................................................13 Identification of Minority Nationalities ..................................................................13 Importance of Minority Nationalities ......................................................................19 3 MINORITY POLICIES IN CHINA ............................................................................31 Assimilation and Accommodation ..........................................................................32 Accommodation between 1949 and 1957 ...............................................................40 Assimilation between 1958 and 1976 .....................................................................54 Accommodation between 1978 to the present ........................................................73 4 REGIME LEGITIMACY……....................................................................................91 Lack of Explanation in the Existing Literature……………………………...........91 vi Bases of Regime Legitimacy………..………………….........................................99 Human Needs and Political Development……………………………………….107 Ideology Basis and Assimilation ...........................................................................113 Performance Basis and Accommodation ..............................................................123 5 PROSPECT…………………………………………………………………………131 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................137 vii LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1: China’s Five Provincial-level Ethnic Autonomous Regions...........................................28 Table 2: Ethnic Minorities: Population and Distributions……………………………………29-30 Table 3: Minority and Han Population in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang (1947-1976)………….71 Table 4: Stages of Political Change and Minority Approach in China…………………………109 viii LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1: Population of Ethnic Minorities .....................................................................................27 ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 8 Then a new king, who did not know about Joseph, came to power in Egypt. 9 “Look,” he said to his people, “the Israelites have become much too numerous for us. 10 Come, we must deal shrewdly with them or they will become even more numerous and, if war breaks out, will join our enemies, fight against us and leave the country .” 11 So they put slave masters over them to oppress them with forced labor, and they built Pithom and Rameses as store cities for Pharaoh. 12 But the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and spread ; so the Egyptians came to dread the Israelites 13 and worked them ruthlessly. 14 They made their lives bitter with hard labor in brick and mortar and with all kinds of work in the fields; in all their hard labor the Egyptians used them ruthlessly. 15 The king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives, whose names were Shiphrah and Puah, 16 “When you help the Hebrew women in childbirth and observe them on the delivery stool, if it is a boy, kill him; but if it is a girl, let her live.” Exodus 1: 8-16 Political science is the study of power, political power to be exact. Political power can be defined as “authoritative coercion,” which is usually monopolized by a government. Thus, the boundaries of the discipline of political science should include the question of who has political power and how it can and should be exercised in a given society. In this regard, the role of students of political science is to monitor whether the political power is properly used in areas which need it, and whether it is inappropriately utilized in areas which don’t need it. Political scientists, then, have the mission to advise policy makers on the virtuous principles under which the political power should be exercised for people in a given society. Ethnic politics is about how the political power of a government is employed toward its minority nationalities. 1 This study explores some fundamental questions about state-minority 1 Nationality still remains one of the most controversial subjects in social science. Theory of nationality formation or nationality identity is an enormous topic and well beyond this study. Thus, this study intends 1 relations by studying the case of the People’s Republic of China (hereafter referred to as China). It is written with two different audiences in mind: those who are interested in Chinese studies, and those who are interested in ethnic studies with special care given to practical solutions to the problems of how a state (usually controlled by the majority of the population) and its minorities manage to coexist peacefully. Ethnic problems involving tensions and conflicts between the majority and minority nationalities within a country are world-wide political issues. Virtually all states are multi- national states and thus have nationality problems. Not only do the problems of ethnic minorities cause social unrest and instability, but also they have the potential to cause bloody conflicts. In recent years, these minority problems are becoming more exacerbated by the rise in many parts of the world of ethno-nationalism which is defined here as “a political principle,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reimagining Chinese Indonesians in Democratic Indonesia
    Asia Pacific Bulletin Number 109 | May 10, 2011 Reimagining Chinese Indonesians in Democratic Indonesia BY RAY HERVANDI Indonesia’s initiation of democratic reforms in May 1998 did not portend well for Chinese Indonesians. Constituting less than 5 percent of Indonesia’s 240 million people and concentrated in urban areas, Chinese Indonesians were, at that point, still reeling from the anti-Chinese riots that had occurred just before Suharto’s fall. Scarred by years of discrimination and forced assimilation under Suharto, many Chinese Indonesians were uncertain—once again—about what the “new” Indonesia had in store for them. Yet, the transition to an open Indonesia has also resulted in greater space to be Chinese Indonesian. Laws and regulations discriminating against Chinese Indonesians have been Ray Hervandi, Project Assistant at repealed. Chinese culture has grown visible in Indonesia. Mandarin Chinese, rarely the the East-West Center in language of this minority in the past, evolved into a novel emblem of Chinese Washington, argues that Indonesians’ public identity. Indonesians need to “restart a civil Notwithstanding the considerably expanded tolerance post-Suharto Indonesia has conversation that examines how shown Chinese Indonesians, their delicate integration into Indonesian society is a work [Chinese Indonesians fit] in in progress. Failure to foster full integration would condemn Chinese Indonesians to a continued precarious existence in Indonesia and leave them vulnerable to violence at the Indonesia’s ongoing state- and next treacherous turning point in Indonesian politics. This undermines Indonesia’s nation-building project. In the ideals that celebrate the ethnic, religious, and cultural pluralism of all its citizens.
    [Show full text]
  • Performing Masculinity in Peri-Urban China: Duty, Family, Society
    The London School of Economics and Political Science Performing Masculinity in Peri-Urban China: Duty, Family, Society Magdalena Wong A thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London December 2016 1 DECLARATION I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/ PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 97,927 words. Statement of use of third party for editorial help I confirm that different sections of my thesis were copy edited by Tiffany Wong, Emma Holland and Eona Bell for conventions of language, spelling and grammar. 2 ABSTRACT This thesis examines how a hegemonic ideal that I refer to as the ‘able-responsible man' dominates the discourse and performance of masculinity in the city of Nanchong in Southwest China. This ideal, which is at the core of the modern folk theory of masculinity in Nanchong, centres on notions of men's ability (nengli) and responsibility (zeren).
    [Show full text]
  • Contemporary China: a Book List
    PRINCETON UNIVERSITY: Woodrow Wilson School, Politics Department, East Asian Studies Program CONTEMPORARY CHINA: A BOOK LIST by Lubna Malik and Lynn White Winter 2007-2008 Edition This list is available on the web at: http://www.princeton.edu/~lynn/chinabib.pdf which can be viewed and printed with an Adobe Acrobat Reader. Variation of font sizes may cause pagination to differ slightly in the web and paper editions. No list of books can be totally up-to-date. Please surf to find further items. Also consult http://www.princeton.edu/~lynn/chinawebs.doc for clicable URLs. This list of items in English has several purposes: --to help advise students' course essays, junior papers, policy workshops, and senior theses about contemporary China; --to supplement the required reading lists of courses on "Chinese Development" and "Chinese Politics," for which students may find books to review in this list; --to provide graduate students with a list that may suggest books for paper topics and may slightly help their study for exams in Chinese politics; a few of the compiler's favorite books are starred on the list, but not much should be made of this because such books may be old or the subjects may not meet present interests; --to supplement a bibliography of all Asian serials in the Princeton Libraries that was compiled long ago by Frances Chen and Maureen Donovan; many of these are now available on the web,e.g., from “J-Stor”; --to suggest to book selectors in the Princeton libraries items that are suitable for acquisition; to provide a computerized list on which researchers can search for keywords of interests; and to provide a resource that many teachers at various other universities have also used.
    [Show full text]
  • Hong Kong SAR
    China Data Supplement November 2006 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 47 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 50 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 54 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 61 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 65 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 November 2006 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member Cdr. Commander Chp. Chairperson CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Gen.Sec. General Secretary Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson H.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com.
    [Show full text]
  • Mutual Integration Versus Forced Assimilation
    Mutual Integration Versus Forced Assimilation: The Conflict between Sandinistas and Miskitu Indians, 1979-1987 by Jordan Taylor Towne An honors thesis submitted to the Honors Committee of The University of Colorado at Boulder Spring 2013 Abstract: This study aims to i) disentangle the white man’s overt tendency of denigrating indigenous agency to ethnic identity and, through the narrative of the Miskitu people of Nicaragua’s Atlantic Coast, display that this frequent ethnic categorization oversimplifies a complex cultural identity; ii) bring to the fore the heterogeneity inherent to even the most seemingly unanimous ethnic groups; iii) illustrate the influence of contingent events in shaping the course of history; and iv) demonstrate that without individuals, history would be nonexistent—in other words, individuals matter. Through relaying the story of the Miskitu Indians in their violent resistance against the Revolutionary Sandinistas, I respond contrarily to some of the relevant literature’s widely held assumptions regarding Miskitu homogeneity, aspirations, and identity. This is achieved through chronicling the period leading to war, the conflict itself, and the long return to peace and respectively analyzing the Miskitu reasons for collective resistance, their motives in supporting either side of the fragmented leadership, and their ultimate decision to lay down arms. It argues that ethnic identity played a minimal role in escalating the Miskitu resistance, that the broader movement did not always align ideologically with its representative bodies throughout, and that the Miskitu proved more heterogeneous as a group than typically accredited. Accordingly, specific, and often contingent events provided all the necessary ideological premises for the Miskitu call to arms by threatening their culture and autonomy—the indispensible facets of their willingness to comply with the central government—thus prompting a non-revolutionary grassroots movement which aimed at assuring the ability to join the revolution on their own terms.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Bond Market and Interbank Market1 Contents
    Handbook on Chinese Financial System Chapter 6: Chinese Bond Market and Interbank Market1 Marlene Amstad and Zhiguo He Target: min 15, max 40 pages. Approx 1500 charac. per page : min 22’500 max 60’000. Current number of pages: 48. Current number of characters: 70558. Contents 1 Overview of Chinese Bond Markets ..................................................................................................................2 2 Bond Markets and Bond Types .........................................................................................................................3 2.1 Segmented Bond Markets ...........................................................................................................................3 2.1.1 The Interbank Market .........................................................................................................................3 2.1.2 The Exchange Market .........................................................................................................................4 2.2 Bond Types .................................................................................................................................................4 2.2.1 Government Bonds .............................................................................................................................5 2.2.2 Financial Bonds ..................................................................................................................................6 2.2.3 Corporate Bonds .................................................................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • Myths and Misconceptions in U.S.-China Relations
    U.S.-CHINA RELATIONS: MANAGEABLE DIFFERENCES OR MAJOR CRISIS? DAVID G. BROWN LI PENG VICTOR D. CHA MICHAEL MCDEVITT CHU SULONG & WILLIAM H. OVERHOLT ZHOU LANJUN JOHN L. HOLDEN SHAO YUQUN JIA QINGGUO YANG XIYU October 2018 Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 Donald S. Zagoria Articles An Uphill Battle: China’s Efforts to Manage Uncertainties in U.S.-China Relations ..... 3 Jia Qingguo The Growing U.S.-China Competition under the Trump Administration ................... 10 Chu Shulong & Zhou Lanjun Myths and Misconceptions in U.S.-China Relations .................................................... 19 William H. Overholt U.S.-China Economic Relations: Ballast in Stormy Seas, or Unsecured Cargo? ..................................................................................................... 31 John L. Holden Whither Sino-U.S. Relations: Maritime Disputes in the East China and South China Seas? ............................................................................... 41 Michael McDevitt Summit Diplomacy: Opening of a New Era or a New Cycle on the Korean Peninsula? ........................................................................... 53 Yang Xiyu Diplomacy or Coercion? ............................................................................................... 62 Victor Cha The Taiwan Issue During the Trump Administration: Challenges and Opportunities for China and the United States .................................
    [Show full text]
  • China's Domestic Politicsand
    China’s Domestic Politics and Foreign Policies and Major Countries’ Strategies toward China edited by Jung-Ho Bae and Jae H. Ku China’s Domestic Politics and Foreign Policies and Major Countries’ Strategies toward China 1SJOUFE %FDFNCFS 1VCMJTIFE %FDFNCFS 1VCMJTIFECZ ,PSFB*OTUJUVUFGPS/BUJPOBM6OJGJDBUJPO ,*/6 1VCMJTIFS 1SFTJEFOUPG,*/6 &EJUFECZ $FOUFSGPS6OJGJDBUJPO1PMJDZ4UVEJFT ,*/6 3FHJTUSBUJPO/VNCFS /P "EESFTT SP 4VZVEPOH (BOHCVLHV 4FPVM 5FMFQIPOF 'BY )PNFQBHF IUUQXXXLJOVPSLS %FTJHOBOE1SJOU )ZVOEBJ"SUDPN$P -UE $PQZSJHIU ,*/6 *4#/ 1SJDF G "MM,*/6QVCMJDBUJPOTBSFBWBJMBCMFGPSQVSDIBTFBUBMMNBKPS CPPLTUPSFTJO,PSFB "MTPBWBJMBCMFBU(PWFSONFOU1SJOUJOH0GGJDF4BMFT$FOUFS4UPSF 0GGJDF China’s Domestic Politics and Foreign Policies and Major Countries’ Strategies toward China �G 1SFGBDF Jung-Ho Bae (Director of the Center for Unification Policy Studies at Korea Institute for National Unification) �G *OUSPEVDUJPO 1 Turning Points for China and the Korean Peninsula Jung-Ho Bae and Dongsoo Kim (Korea Institute for National Unification) �G 1BSUEvaluation of China’s Domestic Politics and Leadership $IBQUFS 19 A Chinese Model for National Development Yong Shik Choo (Chung-Ang University) $IBQUFS 55 Leadership Transition in China - from Strongman Politics to Incremental Institutionalization Yi Edward Yang (James Madison University) $IBQUFS 81 Actors and Factors - China’s Challenges in the Crucial Next Five Years Christopher M. Clarke (U.S. State Department’s Bureau of Intelligence and Research-INR) China’s Domestic Politics and Foreign Policies
    [Show full text]
  • The Great Wall at Sea: China's Navy in the Twenty-First Century
    Christopher R. Hughes Book review: the Great Wall at sea: China’s Navy in the twenty-first century; China, the United States, and twenty-first-century sea power: defining a maritime security; China’s new diplomacy: rationale, strategies and significance partnership Article (Published version) (Refereed) Original citation: Hughes, Christopher R. (2010) Book review: the Great Wall at sea: China’s Navy in the twenty- first century; China, the United States, and twenty-first-century sea power: defining a maritime security; China’s new diplomacy: rationale, strategies and significance partnership. China review international, 17 (4). pp. 424-430. ISSN 1069-5834 © 2010 University of Hawaii Press This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/45737/ Available in LSE Research Online: September 2012 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. 424 China Review International: Vol. 17, No. 4, 2010 join me in campaigning against this technological abortion. So far I am a lonely voice. Diana Lary Diana Lary is the author of The Chinese People at War (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010) and Chinese Migrations: The Movement of People, Goods, and Ideas over Four Millennia ( forthcoming).
    [Show full text]
  • Forced Assimilation Education for Indigenous Youth
    PROJECT Signs of Your Identity: Forced Assimilation Education for Indigenous Youth In the 1837 House of Commons Report, the British government posited that assimilation was the only way forward for indigenous residents of the colonies. In Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, various iterations of the Indian Residential School system were created—usually church-run boarding schools meant to forcibly assimilate indigenous children into Western culture. Attendance was mandatory, and Indian Agents would regularly visit aboriginal communities to take children as young as two or three from their homes. Many of them wouldn’t see their families again for the next decade, others would never reunite again. These students were punished for speaking their native languages or observing any indigenous traditions, routinely physically and sexually assaulted, and in some extreme instances subjected to medical experimentation and sterilization. The removals continued in Australia until the 1970s. The last residential school in Canada didn't close until 1996. The U.S. government still operates 59 Indian Boarding Schools today. The lasting impact on these indigenous populations is immeasurable. Thousands of children died while in the system—so many that it was common for residential schools to have their own cemeteries. And those who did survive, deprived of their families and their own cultural identities, became part of a series of lost generations. Languages died out, sacred ceremonies were criminalized and suppressed. The Canadian government has officially termed the residential school system a cultural genocide. These are the stories of those who made it through the system, and are coping with the legacy of their boarding school days.
    [Show full text]
  • Warriors As the Feminised Other
    Warriors as the Feminised Other The study of male heroes in Chinese action cinema from 2000 to 2009 A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chinese Studies at the University of Canterbury by Yunxiang Chen University of Canterbury 2011 i Abstract ―Flowery boys‖ (花样少年) – when this phrase is applied to attractive young men it is now often considered as a compliment. This research sets out to study the feminisation phenomena in the representation of warriors in Chinese language films from Hong Kong, Taiwan and Mainland China made in the first decade of the new millennium (2000-2009), as these three regions are now often packaged together as a pan-unity of the Chinese cultural realm. The foci of this study are on the investigations of the warriors as the feminised Other from two aspects: their bodies as spectacles and the manifestation of feminine characteristics in the male warriors. This study aims to detect what lies underneath the beautiful masquerade of the warriors as the Other through comprehensive analyses of the representations of feminised warriors and comparison with their female counterparts. It aims to test the hypothesis that gender identities are inventory categories transformed by and with changing historical context. Simultaneously, it is a project to study how Chinese traditional values and postmodern metrosexual culture interacted to formulate Chinese contemporary masculinity. It is also a project to search for a cultural nationalism presented in these films with the examination of gender politics hidden in these feminisation phenomena. With Laura Mulvey‘s theory of the gaze as a starting point, this research reconsiders the power relationship between the viewing subject and the spectacle to study the possibility of multiple gaze as well as the power of spectacle.
    [Show full text]
  • Confucianism, "Cultural Tradition" and Official Discourses in China at the Start of the New Century
    China Perspectives 2007/3 | 2007 Creating a Harmonious Society Confucianism, "cultural tradition" and official discourses in China at the start of the new century Sébastien Billioud Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/2033 DOI : 10.4000/chinaperspectives.2033 ISSN : 1996-4617 Éditeur Centre d'étude français sur la Chine contemporaine Édition imprimée Date de publication : 15 septembre 2007 ISSN : 2070-3449 Référence électronique Sébastien Billioud, « Confucianism, "cultural tradition" and official discourses in China at the start of the new century », China Perspectives [En ligne], 2007/3 | 2007, mis en ligne le 01 septembre 2010, consulté le 14 novembre 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/2033 ; DOI : 10.4000/chinaperspectives.2033 © All rights reserved Special feature s e v Confucianism, “Cultural i a t c n i e Tradition,” and Official h p s c r Discourse in China at the e p Start of the New Century SÉBASTIEN BILLIOUD This article explores the reference to traditional culture and Confucianism in official discourses at the start of the new century. It shows the complexity and the ambiguity of the phenomenon and attempts to analyze it within the broader framework of society’s evolving relation to culture. armony (hexie 和谐 ), the rule of virtue ( yi into allusions made in official discourse, we are interested de zhi guo 以德治国 ): for the last few years in another general and imprecise category: cultural tradi - Hthe consonance suggested by slogans and tion ( wenhua chuantong ) or traditional cul - 文化传统 themes mobilised by China’s leadership has led to spec - ture ( chuantong wenhua 传统文化 ). ((1) However, we ulation concerning their relationship to Confucianism or, are excluding from the domain of this study the entire as - more generally, to China’s classical cultural tradition.
    [Show full text]