OBITUARY Collaboration with the Late Angela Middleton, Who Was Both a Fellow Researcher and Ian’S Partner

AUSTRALASIAN HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY, 38, 2020

Beginning in the early 2000s, Ian began a long and fruitful OBITUARY collaboration with the late Angela Middleton, who was both a fellow researcher and Ian’s partner. Much of Ian’s research during this time focused on the early mission contacts between Vale Ian W.G. Smith (1954–2020) M-aori and Christian missionaries from 1814 until the 1840s, Ian W.G. Smith was a pre-eminent historical archaeologist of leading to a major archaeological investigation of the earliest Aotearoa New Zealand and the leading academic practitioner mission site in the Bay of Islands at Hohi. This project of his generation. His most recent book, Pākehā Settlements in coincided with preparations for the celebration of the 200th , is a a Māori World: New Zealand Archaeology 1769–1860 anniversary of the first missionary settlement in New Zealand. landmark synthesis of New Zealand’s colonial archaeology Ian and Angela also worked on the early-19th century site of - providing a new understanding of M aori relationships with M-aori-European sealing on Whenua Hou (Codfish Island). foreigners from contacts with Cook to the emergence of a The research at Hohi involved large-scale excavations and multicultural, European-dominated society in the mid-19th detailed analysis of artefacts and spatial patterning among the century. remains of the early mission school buildings, houses, and During his career, Ian worked prodigiously and other structures in the surrounding areas. Remarkably, the two expansively across New Zealand as both a consulting field seasons in 2012 and 2013 were followed by almost archaeologist and an academic researcher. He completed his immediate publication of technical monographs detailing the PhD research in 1985 on pre-European M -aori marine mammal archaeological findings. Ian was later involved in developing exploitation in New Zealand. Ian worked as an assistant the heritage interpretation for the area, including a signposted lecturer at the University of Auckland from 1982–1987. He trail and online presentation for Rangihoua Heritage Park, then spent two years as an archaeologist with the Department where the Hohi Mission station was located. This project was of Conservation, where he was involved in working on some nominated for several awards, including as a ‘Webby’ finalist of the most significant historical sites in and around Auckland. for one of the top digital cultural heritage applications in the Ian was subsequently appointed to an academic position at the world. University of Otago in 1989, where he stayed until his passing Even with his productive and varied research career, Ian in January 2020. was perhaps even more influential as an educator, being Ian remained interested and active throughout his career in responsible for the training of an entire generation of New researching the evidence for human impacts on marine species Zealand historical archaeologists. Ian was responsible for distributions, including the application of archaeological and orchestrating some of the only dedicated courses in historical historical knowledge to solving contemporary ecological archaeology topics in New Zealand. He led multiple field problems. The New Zealand fur seal ( ) schools as well as laboratory-based courses, training hundreds Arctocephalus forsteri was a particular focus in this regard. Indeed, his highest of students in archaeological fieldwork methods, vertebrate citation counts are for publications relating to this aspect of his faunal analysis, and historical artefact identification. He also work. Ian was also involved with research on several supervised dozens of students at the Masters and Doctoral significant M -aori sites, including the Archaic settlements at level. Hawksburn, Papatowai, Shag River Mouth, and Pleasant Ian was a valued and supportive colleague, not only for his River, which contain evidence of early Polynesian colonisation students and fellow academic staff in the Department of of the South Island. He collaborated on several projects in Anthropology at the University of Otago, but for his external Remote Oceania, where his expertise in faunal analysis was collaborators as well. He was highly active in NZAA as well particularly valued, including in the Marianas, Society Islands, as ASHA. Ian and Angela were instrumental in organising the Norfolk Island, and the Marquesas. 2011 ASHA conference in Dunedin. Ian was a regular attendee However, Ian’s primary interest and research focus was of ASHA conferences including the 2017 meeting in historical archaeology. He excavated and analysed several Tasmania—held jointly with Interpretation Australia—where historical sites for the New Zealand Historic Places Trust he received the award for best conference paper. Ian was a (NZHPT; now Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga) and the long-serving member of the editorial board for Australasian Department of Conservation (DOC). His research included . Historical Archaeology sites on both the North and South Islands from urban areas of Colleagues in New Zealand archaeology and the ASHA Auckland and Dunedin to some of the most remote European membership more generally will greatly miss Ian’s great depth settlements in New Zealand. In the early 1990s, Ian was and breadth of knowledge, his incisive wit, and his sense of instrumental in rearticulating and redefining the relationship camaraderie which were all equally apparent in the field, the between the New Zealand Archaeological Association classroom, and at the pub after the ‘serious’ work was finished. (NZAA) and the Site Recording Scheme in New Zealand (SRS), including the relationship between the SRS and James L. Flexner national organisations such as NZHPT and DOC. At the time with assistance from Helen Leach the SRS covered over 45,000 archaeological sites across New Zealand. Ian Smith’s publications Major projects led by Ian during the 1990s included survey ANDERSON, A., E. CONTE, I.W.G. SMITH and K. SZABÓ and excavations of the earliest, if ultimately abandoned, long- 2019, ‘New excavations at Fa’ahia (Huahine, Society term European settlements in New Zealand at Facile Harbour Islands) and chronologies of colonization in Central East Polynesia’, 10(1): 1–14. and Luncheon Cove, in the remote Dusky Sound, Fiordland. In Journal of Pacific Archaeology the early 2000s Ian led a Royal Society of New Zealand SMITH, I.W.G. 2019, Pākehā Settlements in a Māori World: Marsden Grant-funded project exploring early shore whaling , Bridget Williams New Zealand Archaeology 1769–1860 stations in the South Island. This project involved excavation Books, Wellington. of a series of sites including Oashore and Te Hoe, from which WELLS, S.R., L.C. WING, A.M. SMITH and I.W.G. SMITH several short monographs were published. 2019, ‘Historical changes in bivalve growth rates indicate 83 ecological consequences of human occupation in ROBERTSON, I.W.G. SMITH, E.A. MATISOO-SMITH, estuaries’, 29: 1452–1465. doi: B.L. CHILVERS and J.M. WATERS 2014, ‘Extinction and 10.1002/aqcA.3q0u3a9ti c Conservation recolonization of coastal megafauna following human PLATTS, M. and I.W.G. SMITH 2018, ‘Measuring use-wear arrival in New Zealand’, 281:20140097. doi: 10.P1r0o9c8e/ersdpinbg.2s0 o1f4 t.h0e0 9R7o yal Society on glass vessels to understand their reuse: a case study B from 19th century Christchurch, New Zealand’, COLLINS, C.J., N.J. RAWLENCE, T.H. WORTHY, R.P. Austral- 36: 77–85. SCOFIELD, A.J. TENNYSON, I.W.G. SMITH, M. asian Historical Archaeology SMITH, I.W.G. 2017, ‘Regional and chronological variations KNAPP and J.M. WATERS 2014, ‘Pre-human New Zealand sea lion ( ) rookeries on in energy harvests from prehistoric fauna in New Zealand’ Phocarctos hookeri in U. Albarella, M. Rizzetto, H. Russ, K. Vickers And S. mainland New Zealand’, 44(1): 1–16J.o duorni:a l1 0o.f1 t0h8e0 /R0o3y0a3l6 S7o5c8i.e2t0y1 o3f. Viner-Daniels (eds), New Zealand , Oxford UnivTerhseit yO xPforerdss H, aOnxdfboorodk, opfp Z. o7o2a2r–ch7a3e6-. 828761 ology doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199686476.013.50 MIDDLETON, A. and I.W.G. SMITH 2014, ‘Daily life at GROSSER, S., N.J. RAWLENCE, C.N.K. ANDERSON, Hohi Mission Station: Archives and archaeology’ in A. Davidson, S. Lange, P. Lineham and A. Puckey (eds), I.W.G. SMITH, R.P. SCOFIELD and J.M. WATERS 2016, Te ‘Invader or resident? Ancient-DNA reveals rapid species Rongopai 1814 ‘Takoto te pai!’ Bicentenary reflections on turnover in New Zealand little penguins’, Proceedings Christia,n Gbegnienrnali nSgys naondd Odfefviceelo, p“mTeuniats” ,i no fA tohte aAronag lNiceaw n 283(1824). doi: 10.1098/rspb. Zealand 2o0f 1t5h.e2 8R79o yal Society B Church in Aotearoa New Zealand and Polynesia, Auckland, pp. 86–109. MacDIARMID, B.A., E. ABRAHAM, C.S. BAKER, E. CARROLL, C. CHAGUÉ-GOFF, P. CLEAVER, M.P. SMITH, I.W.G. 2014, ‘Oceania: Historical archaeology’ in C. Smith (ed.), FRANCIS, J. GOFF, P. HORN, J. JACKSON, C. LALAS, Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, A. LORREY, P. MARRIOT, K. MAXWELL, B. Springer, New York, pp. 5549–5557. McFADGEN, A. McKENZIE, H. NEIL, D. PARSONS, N. SMITH, I.W.G. 2014, ‘Schooling on the missionary frontier: PATENAUDE, D. PATON, L.J. PAUL, T. PITCHER, M.H. The Hohi Mission Station, New Zealand’, PINKERTON, I.W.G. SMITH, T.D. SMITH and B. 18(4): 6I1n2t–e6rn2a8t.i odnoai:l STIRLING 2016, 1Jo0u.1r0n0a7l /so1f 0H76is1t-o0r1ic4a-l0 2A7r2c-h3a eology Taking Stock – the changes to New Zealand marine ecosystems since first human settlement: SMITH, I.W.G., A. MIDDLETON, J. GARLAND and T. RUSSELL 2014, synthesis of ,m aNjeowr fiZndeianlagns,d anAdq upaotliicc y Eannvdi romnamnaegnet maennd t Archaeology of the Hohi Mission implications , Department of Biodiversity Report No. 170, Ministry for Primary AStnathiorno:p oVloolguym ea nIId: TAhrec h2a0e1o3l oegxyc,a vUatnioivnes rsity of Otago, Industries, Wellington. Dunedin. RAWLENCE, N.J., C.J. COLLINS, C.N.K. ANDERSON, J.J. SMITH, I.W.G. and N. WOODS 2014, ‘Artefacts, history and MAXWELL, I.W.G. SMITH, B.C. ROBERTSON, M. assemblage formation at Te Hoe whaling station, New KNAPP, K.A. HORSBURGH, J.A.L. STANTON, R.P. Zealand’, 32: 23–34. SCOFIELD, A.J.D. TENNYSON, E.A. MATISOO- Australasian Historical Archaeology SMITH and J.M. WATERS 2016, ‘Human-mediated CLARK, G., F. PETCHEY, S. HAWKINS, I.W.G. SMITH and extirpation of the unique Chatham Islands sea lion and W.B. MASSE 2013, ‘Distribution and extirpation of pigs implications for the conservation management of in Pacific Islands: A case study from Palau’, 48(3): 141–153. doi: 10.1002/arcoA.5r0ch1a2e ology remaining New Zealand sea lion populations’, in Oceania 25(16): 3950–3961. doi: 10.1111/mec.1M37o2le6c ular JACKSON, M. and I.W.G. SMITH 2013, ‘Ownership or Ecology SALIS, A.T., L.J. EASTON, B.C. ROBERTSON, N. tenure? A case study of tribal land use from the cusp of GEMMELL, I.W.G. SMITH, M.I. WEISLER, J.M. prehistory’ in M. Relaki and D. Catapoti (eds), , Routledge, New YoArkn , WATERS and N.J. RAWLENCE 2016, ‘Myth or relict: Archaeology of Land Ownership Does ancient DNA detect the enigmatic Upland seal?’, pp. 157–169. 97: 101–106. doi: SMITH, I.W.G. 2013, ‘Ephemeral foundations: Early 1M0o.1le0c1u6l/ajr.y mPhpyelvo.g2e0n1e5t.i1c2s .0&1 2E volution European settlement of the Tasman frontier’ in M. RAWLENCE, N.J., M. KENNEDY, C.N.K. ANDERSON, S. Campbell, S. Holdaway and S. Macready (eds), Finding , PROST, C.E. TILL, I.W.G. SMITH, R.P. SCOFIELD, Our Recent Past: Historical Archaeology in New Zealand A.J.D. TENNYSON, J. HAMEL, C. LALAS, E.A. New Zealand Archaeological Association, Auckland, pp. MATISOO-SMITH and J.M. WATERS 2015, ‘Geograph- 9–32. ically contrasting biodiversity reductions in a widespread SMITH, I.W.G. 2013, ‘Pre-European Maori exploitation of New Zealand seabird’, 24(18): 4605– marine resources in two New Zealand case study areas: 4616. doi: 10.1111/mecM.13o3le3c8u lar Ecology Species range and temporal change’, 43(1):1–J3o7u.r ndalo io:f t1h0e. 1R0o8y0a/l MAXWELL, J.J. and I.W.G. SMITH 2015, ‘A reassessment of Society of New Zealand settlement patterns and subsistence at Point Durham, 03036758.2011.574709 Chatham Island’, 50(3): 162–174. SMITH, I.W.G. and S. McPHERSON 2013, ‘Appendix 1: doi: 10.1002/arco.A5r0c6h2a eology in Oceania Mammal and bird remains from the Station Bay pa’, 24: 45–47. RAWLENCE, N.J., G.L.W. PERRY, I.W.G. SMITH, R.P. Tuhinga SCOFIELD, A.J.D. TENNYSON, E.A. MATISOO- SMITH, I.W.G. and J. GARLAND 2012, ‘Archaeology of St SMITH, S. BOESSENKOOL, J. AUSTIN and J.M. Bathans Cottage Hospital, Central Otago, New Zealand’, WATERS 2015, ‘Radiocarbon-dating and ancient DNA 30: 52–62. Australasian Historical Archaeology reveal rapid replacement of extinct prehistoric penguins’, SMITH, I.W.G., A. MIDDLETON, J. GARLAND, and N. 112: 59–65. doi: 10.1016/ Quaternary Science Reviews WOODS 2012, j.quascirev.2015.01.011 Archaeology of the , HDoehpia rtMmiesnsti oonf COLLINS, C.J., N.J. RAWLENCE, S. PROST, C.N.K. AStnathiorno:p oVloolguym ea n1d: TAherc 2h0ae1o2l oegxyc,a vUatnioivnes rsity of Otago, ANDERSON, M. KNAPP, R.P. SCOFIELD, B.C. Dunedin. 84 HORROCKS, M., I.W.G. SMITH, R. WALTER and S. , University of Otago Department of NICHOL 2011, ‘Stratigraphic and plant microfossil AHnoteh, rMopaohlioag Pye anninds Aulrachaeology, Dunedin. investigation at Cook’s Cove, North Island, New Zealand: SMITH, I.W.G. 2007, ‘Metal pa kahawai: A post-contact Reinterpretation of Holocene deposits and evidence of fishing lure form in northern New Zealand’ in A. Polynesian-introduced crops’, Anderson, K. Green and F. Leach (eds), 41(3): 237–25Jo8u. rdnoai:l o1f0 t.h1e0 8R0o/y0a3l0 S3o6c7i5e8ty . Vastly Ingenious: of New Zealand , Otago 2010.524226 UThneiv eArsrcithya Peroelsosg, yD uonf edPianc, ipfipc. 6M9–a7te8r.i al Culture SMITH, I.W.G. 2011, SMITH, I.W.G. and N. PRICKETT 2006, Estimating the Magnitude of Pre- Excavations at the European M, aMoirni isMtrayr oinf eF iHshaerrviest, Wine lTliwngot oNne. w Zealand Oashore Whaling Station (M37/162) Banks Peninsula, Study Areas University of Otago Department SMITH, I.W.G. 2011, oJaf nAunatrhyr-oFpeoblorugayr ayn 2d0 A04rc, haeology, Dunedin. Meat Weight, Nutritiona, lU annivde rEsniteyr goyf Yield Values for New Zealand Archaeofauna WALTER, R., I.W.G. SMITH and C. JACOMB 2006, Otago Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, ‘Sedentism, subsistence and socio-political organization in Dunedin. prehistoric New Zealand’ 38(2): 274– SMITH, I.W.G. and S. MANN 2011, ‘Appendix 1: Mammal 290. World Archaeology and bird remains from Maungarei’, 22: 90–94. Tuhinga HARRIS, J. and I.W.G. SMITH 2005, BUTCHER, M. and I.W.G. SMITH 2010, ‘Talking trash: University ofA Ortteafgaoc tDs efpraormtm ethne t Classifying rubbish-bearing deposits from colonial New oOfa Ashnothrero Wpohlaolginyg a Sntda tAiornc,h aeology, Dunedin. Zealand sites ’, 1(1 ): 53–61. Journal of Pacific Archaeology HARRIS, J. and I.W.G. SMITH 2005, LEE, T.J. and I.W.G. SMITH 2010, UThneiv eTres itHy ooef OShtaogroe Data for an Archaeo- DWehpaalrintmg eSntat toiof nA Antrhterofapcotl oAgsyse amnbdl aAgrec,h aeology, Dunedin. zoological Analysis of Marine Resource U, seU niniv Tewrsoit yN eow f Zealand Study Areas (Revised Edition) SMITH, I.W.G. 2005, ‘Retreat and resilience: Fur seals and Otago Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, human settlement in New Zealand’ in G.G. Monks (ed.), Dunedin. SMITH, I.W.G. 2010, ‘Protocols for organising radiocarbon The Expl, oOitxabtioown Baonodk s, COuxlftourda,l ppI.m 6p–o1r8ta. nce of Sea Mammals dated assemblages from New Zealand archaeological sites IRWIN, G.J., R.K. NICHOL, M.A. TAYLOR, T.H. WORTHY for comparative analysis’, Journal of Pacific Archaeology and I.W.G. SMITH 2004, ‘Faunal remains from Kohika’ in 1(2): 184–187. G. Irwin (ed.), PARSONS, D.M., M.A. MORRISON, A.B. MacDIARMID, Kohika: The Archaeology of a late Maori B. STIRLING, P. CLEAVER, I.W.G. SMITH and M. Lake village ,i nA tuhcek lNangda tiU Anwivae rsRitoyh eP, reBsasy, Aofu cPklleanntdy, BUTCHER 2009, ‘Risks of shifting baselines highlighted pNpe.w 1 9Z8e–a2l1a6n. d by anecdotal accounts of New Zealand’s snapper ( Pagrus SMITH, I.W.G. 2004, ‘Archaeologies of identity: Historical ) fishery’, archaeology for the 21st century’ in L. Furey and S. auratus New43 (Z4e)a: l9a6n5d– 9J8o3u.rnal of Marine and Freshwater Research Holdaway (eds), SMITH, I.W.G. 2009, ‘Appendix F: Mammalian fauna from Chang,e NTherwo ugZhe aTliamned: 5A0 rycehaareso olof gNiceaw l Sandy Bay, Auckland Islands’, in P.R. Dingwell, K.L. AZesasolacniadt ioAn,r cAhuacekollaongdy pp. 251–262. Jones and R. Egerton (eds), In Care of the Southern SMITH, I.W.G. 2004, ‘Nutritional perspectives on prehistoric Ocean: An Archaeological and Historical Survey of the marine fishing in New Zealand’, New Zealand Archaeological Assoc- 24: 5–31. New Zealand Journal of iAauticoknla, Andu cIksllaanndd,s p, p. 308–312. Archaeology HAMEL, J., R. ALLEN, L.S. DAVIS, R. MCGOVERN- HORROCKS M., I.W.G. SMITH, S.L. NICHOL and R. WILSON, P. PETCHEY and I.W.G. SMITH 2003, ‘The WALLACE 2008, ‘Sediment, soil and plant microfossil human factor’ in J.T. Darby, R.E. Fordyce, A.F. Mark, P.K. analysis of Maori gardens at Anaura Bay, eastern North Probert and C.R. Townsend (eds), Island, New Zealand: Comparison with descriptions made , UniversTihtye Noaft uOratla gHoi stPorye sosf, in 1769 by Captain Cook’s expedition’, DSouuntehdeirnn, pNp.e 1w2 9Z–e1a5l1a. nd 35(9): 2446–2464. Journal of Archaeological Science ANDERSON, A.J., S. HABERLE, G. ROJAS, A. SEELEN- HORROCKS, M., I.W.G. SMITH, S.L. NICHOL, P.A. FREUND, I.W.G. SMITH and T. WORTHY 2002, ‘An SHANE and G. JACKMAN 2008, ‘Field survey, archaeological exploration of Robinson Crusoe Island, sedimentology and plant microfossil analysis of sediment Juan Fernandez Archipelago, Chile’ in S. Bedford, cores from possible cultivation sites at Tolaga Bay, eastern C. Sand, and D. Burley (eds), North Island, New Zealand’, Fifty Years in the Field: 38(3): 131–14Jo7u. rnal of the Royal Society Essays in Honour and Celebration of Richard Shutler Jr’s of New Zealand , New Zealand Archaeological SMITH, I.W.G. 2008, ‘Mammalian fauna from Taumako’ in Arscshoacieaotilong,i cAaul ckClanrede, r pp. 239–249. F. Leach and J. Davidson (eds), SMITH, I.W.G. 2002, The Archaeology of The New Zealand Sealing Industry: Taumako: A Polynesian Outlier in the Eastern Solomon , Depart- , New Zealand Journal of Archaeology Special mHiesntot royf, CAorcnhsaerevoalotigoyn ,a Wnde lHlinegrittoang.e Management IPsulabnlidcsation, Auckland, pp. 401–405. ANDERSON, A.J., I.W.G. SMITH and P.S. WHITE 2001, SMITH, I.W.G. 2008, ‘Maori, Pakeha and Kiwi: Peoples, ‘Archaeological fieldwork on Norfolk Island’ in cultures and sequence in New Zealand archaeology’ in A. Anderson and P. White (eds), G. Clark, F. Leach and S. O’Connor (eds), The Prehistoric Islands of Archaeology of Norfolk Island, Southwest Paci,f iAc. uRsetrcaolriadns Inquiry: Colonisation,, ASNeaUfa Prrinesgs ,a Cndan tbheer rAa,r cphpa. e3o6l7o–g3y8 o0f. of the Australian Museum, Supplement 27 Maritime Landscapes Museum, Sydney, pp. 11–32. SMITH, I.W.G. and A.J. ANDERSON 2008, ‘An archae- SMITH, I.W.G. 2001, ‘New Zealand: Historical archaeology’ ological sequence for Codfish Island (Whenua Hou), in T. Murray (ed.), Southland’ 30: 5–21. Encyclopaedia of Archaeology: History New Zealand Journal of Archaeology , ABC-Clio, Santa SMITH, I.W.G. and N. PRICKETT 2008, Banadrb aDrai,s cpopv. e9r3ie4s–.9 3V7o. lume III, N-Z Excavations at Te 85 SMITH, I.W.G., G. CLARKE and P.S. WHITE 2001, SMITH, I.W.G. 1996, ‘Mammal remains’ in A.J. ‘Mammalian and reptilian fauna from Emily and Cemetry ANDERSON, B. ALLINGHAM and I.W.G. SMITH (eds), Bays, Norfolk Islan’ in A. Anderson and P. White (eds), Shag River Mo, uAthu:s Ttrhaeli aAnr cNhateiolnoagly U onf iavne rEsiatyrl,y C Saonubthererran , The Prehistoric Archaeology of Norfolk Island, Southwest pMpa. o1r8i 5V–i1ll9a9g.e Pa,c Aifiucs.t rRaelicaonr dMs uosfe utmhe, SAyudsntreayl,i apnp . M77u–s8eu1m. , Supplement 27 SMITH, I.W.G. 1996, ‘The field school excavations’ in A.J. SMITH, I.W.G. ‘Terrestrial fauna from excavations at the Kain- Anderson, B. Allingham and I.W.G. Smith (eds), Shag apirina (SAC) locality, Watom Island, Papua New Guinea’, River Mouth: The Archaeology of an Early Southern 20: 137–147. , Australian National University, Canberra, New Zealand Journal of Archaeology Maori Village SMITH, I.W.G. 1999, ‘Settlement permanence and function at pp. 51–59. Pleasant River Mouth, East Otago, New Zealand’, SMITH, I.W.G. and ANDERSON, A.J. 1996, ‘Collection, 19: 27–79. New identification and quantification strategies’ in A.J. Zealand Journal of Archaeology Anderson, B. Allingham and I.W.G. Smith (eds), SMITH, I.W.G. and A.J. ANDERSON 1998, ‘Radiocarbon Shag dates from archaeological rat bones: The Pleasant River River Mouth: The Archaeology of an Early Southern case’, 33(2): 88–91. , Australian National University, Canberra, Archaeology in Oceania pMpa. o7r0i –V7i3ll.a ge SMITH, I.W.G. and K.B. GILLIES 1998, Archaeological SMITH, I.W.G. and LEACH, H.M. 1996, ‘Adzes from the Inves,t iNgaetwio Znse aalta nFda cHilies toHraicr bPoluacr,e Ds Tusrukyst ,S Wouenldli,n Fgteobnr. uary excavation and museum collections’ in A.J. Anderson, 1998 B. Allingham and I.W.G. Smith (eds), WALTER, R. and I.W.G. SMITH 1998, ‘Identification of a Shag River Mouth:, New Zealand fur seal ( ) bone in a AThues trAarlicahna eNoaltoigoyn alo fU nainv eErsairtyly, CSaonubtehrerran, pMp.a 1o0r3i –V1i4ll7a.g e Cook Island archaeologiAcracl tsoicte’p,h alus forsteri N3e2w(3 )Z:e 4a8la3n–d4 8J7o. urnal of SMITH, I. W.G., M. CAMPBELL and P. BRISTOW 1996, Marine and Freshwater Research ‘Flaked stone tools’ in A. J. Anderson, B. Allingham and SMITH, I.W.G. and K.B. GILLIES 1997, Archaeological I.W.G. Smith (eds), Shag River Mou,t hA:u Tsthrea lAiarnc hNaaetoiolongay l Inves,t iNgaetwio Znse aalat nLdu nHcihsteoornic C Polavce,e sD Tursuksyt ,S Wouenllti,n Fgteobnr. uary of an Early Southern Maori Village 1997 University, Canberra, pp. 77–102. ANDERSON, A.J., B. ALLINGHAM, and I.W.G. SMITH WALTER, R.K., M.I. WEISLER and I.W.G. SMITH 1996, (eds) 1996, ‘The Pacific fish bone reference collection at the Shag River Mouth: T, heA uAsrtcrhalaieaonl ogNya toiof naan l Early Southern Maori Village University of Otago’, 39(3): University, Canberra. 200–212. Archaeology in New Zealand ANDERSON, A.J. and I.W.G. SMITH 1996, ‘Shag Mouth as ANDERSON, A.J., H. LEACH, I.W.G. SMITH and R. an early Southern Maori Village’ in A.J. Anderson, B. WALTER 1994, ‘Reconsideration of the Marquesan Allingham and I.W.G. Smith (eds), sequence in East Polynesian prehistory, with particular Shag River Mouth: The , Archaeology of an Early Southern Maori Village reference to Hane (MUH1)’, 29: Australian National University, Canberra, pp. 276–291. 29–54. Archaeology in Oceania ANDERSON, A.J. and I.W.G. SMITH 1996, ‘Fish remains’ in SMITH, I.W.G. 1993, ‘Organisation and operation of the New A. J. Anderson, B. Allingham and I.W.G. Smith (eds), Zealand Archaeological Association Site Recording Scheme’, 37: 282–299. Shag River Mo, uAthu:s Ttrhaeli aAnr cNhateiolnoagly U onf iavne rEsiatyrl,y C Saonubthererran , Archaeology in New Zealand pMpa. o2r3i 7V–i2ll4a4g.e ANDERSON, A.J. and I.W.G. SMITH 1992, ‘The Papatowai Site: new evidence and interpretations’, ANDERSON, A.J. and I.W.G. SMITH 1996, ‘Introduction 101: 129–158. Journal of the and history of investigations’ in A.J. Anderson, B. Polynesian Society SMITH, I.W.G. 1991, ‘The Development of Historical Allingham and I.W.G. Smith (eds), Shag River Mouth: Archaeology in New Zealand 1921–1990’, , Australian The Archaeology of an Early Southern Maori Village 9: 6–13. Australian National University, Canberra, pp. 1–13. Journal of Historical Archaeology SMITH, I.W.G. 1990, ‘Historical archaeology in New ANDERSON, A.J., I.W.G. SMITH and T.F.G. HIGHAM Zealand: A review and bibliography’, 1996, ‘Radiocarbon chronology’ in A.J. Anderson, B. 12: 85–119. New Zealand Allingham and I.W.G. Smith (eds), Journal of Archaeology Shag River Mouth: The , SMITH, I.W.G. and J. GOODWYN 1990, ‘Portable ceramics Arucshtraaelioalno gNya tioofn aal nU nEivaerslyit y,S Couanthbeerrnra , Mppa. o6r0i –6V9i.l lage from the General Assembly site, Auckland’, 33(1): 21–39. Archaeology McGOVERN-WILSON, R.J., F. KIRK and I.W.G. SMITH in New Zealand 1996, ‘Small bird remains’ in A.J. Anderson, B. Allingham SMITH, I.W.G. 1989, ‘Fort Ligar: A colonial redoubt in Central Auckland’, and I.W.G. Smith (eds), New Zealand Journal of Archaeology Shag River Mouth: The , 11: 117–141. Archaeology of an Early Southern Maori Village Australian National University, Canberra, pp. 223–236. SMITH, I.W.G. 1989, ‘Maori Impact on the Marine McGOVERN-WILSON, R.J., B. ALLINGHAM, P. BRIS- Megafauna: Pre-European Distributions of New Zealand Sea Mammals’, in D.G. Sutton (ed.), TOW and I.W.G. SMITH 1996, ‘Other artefacts’ in Saying So Doesn’t A.J. Anderson, B. Allingham and I.W.G. Smith (eds), New Shag ZMeaaklea nidt SAor:c hPaaepoelorgs icina l HAosnsooucria toifo nB, . DFuonsse dLine,a cphp, . 76– River Mouth: , TAhues trAarlicahna eNoalotigoyn aol fU anniv eErsairtyly, CSaonubthererran , 108. Mppa. o1r6i 1V–i1ll8a1g.e SMITH, I.W.G. 1985, Sea Mam,m Pahl DH uTnhteinsigs ,a Dnde pParetmhiesntot roicf SMITH, I.W.G. 1996, ‘Historical documents and 18th century Subsistence in New Zealand seal hunting in New Zealand’ in J.M. Davidson, G. Irwin, Anthropology, University of Otago. F. Leach, A. Pawley and D. Brown (eds), LEACH, B.F., M. INTOH and I.W.G. SMITH 1984, ‘Fishing, O,c eNaenwic ZCeualltaunrde turtle hunting, and mammal exploitation at Fa‘ahia, HJoiusrtonrayl : oEfs sAayrsc hinae Holoongoyu rS opfe cRioagl ePr uGbrleicean tion, Dunedin, Huahine, French Polynesia’, Journal de la Société des pp. 675–688. 40: 183–197. Océanistes 86 SMITH, I.W.G. 1981, ‘Mammalian fauna from an archaic site , National Museum of New on Motutapu Island, New Zealand’, ZPreeahlaisntdo rBicu lMleatinn i2n1 P, aWlleislelirn Bgtaoy n, pp. 215–224. R, 1e8co: r9d5s– 1o0f5 . the Auckland Institute and Museum Auckland SMITH, I.W.G. 1978, ‘Seasonal sea mammal exploitation and SMITH, I.W.G. 1981, ‘Prehistoric mammalian fauna from the butchering patterns in an archaic site (Tairua, N44/2) on Coromandel Peninsula’, the Coromandel Peninsula’, Records of the Auckland Institute 18: 107–125. R1e5c:o r1d7s– 2o6f. the Auckland and Museum Auckland Institute and Museum Auckland LEACH, B.F., J.M. DAVIDSON, B. PARTRIDGE, I.W.G. SMITH, I.W.G. 1977, SMITH and N. WHITEHEAD 1979, ‘The identification of Prehistoric Fur Se,a Ul Enxivpelorsiittayt ionf oOnt atghoe Dugong ivory reel artefacts from strontium content and SDoeuptahrwtmesetn Ct ofa Ast nothf rCohpaotlhoagmy aInsdla Andrchaeology, Dunedin. microstructure’, SMITH, I.W.G. and P. WERNHAM 1976, 1: 115–121. New Zealand Journal of Archaeology Survey of Archae- SMITH, I.W.G. 1979, ‘Prehistoric sea mammal hunting in ological Sites: T,e UAnwivaeprastiitkyi otof HOatapguop uD, eHpaanrtsmone nBt aoyf, Palliser Bay’, in B.F. Leach and H.M. Leach (eds), CAhnaththroapmo loIgslya nand d Archaeology, Dunedin.