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Elza Kioko Kawakami Savaget COMUNI UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS (UNICAMP) INSTITUTO DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS (IFCH) Elza Kioko Kawakami Savaget COMUNICAÇÃO NO DISCURSO AMBIENTAL COMMUNICATION IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL DISCOURSE CAMPINAS – SP 2018 ELZA KIOKO KAWAKAMI SAVAGET COMUNICAÇÃO NO DISCURSO AMBIENTAL Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do Título de Doutora em Ambiente e Sociedade na Área de Aspectos Sociais de Sustentabilidade e Conservação Orientador: DR. MATEUS BATISTELLA Coorientador: Dr. PEDRO PAULO ABREU FUNARI ESTE TRABALHO CORRESPONDE A VERSÃO FINAL DA TESE DEFENDIDA PELA ALUNAELZA KIOKO KAWAKAMI SAVAGET, ORIENTADA PELO DR. MATEUS BATISTELLA. CAMPINAS - SP 2018 Agência(s) de fomento e nº(s) de processo(s): Não se aplica. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8138-5875 Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Cecília Maria Jorge Nicolau - CRB 8/3387 Kawakami Savaget, Elza, 1957- K179c KawComunicação no discurso ambiental / Elza Kioko Kawakami Savaget. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2018. KawOrientador: Mateus Batistella. KawCoorientador: Pedro Paulo Funari Abreu. KawTese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Kaw1. Comunicação. 2. Análise do discurso. 3. Meio Ambiente - Aspectos sociais. 4. Sustentabilidade. 5. Incerteza. I. Batistella, Mateus, 1963-. II. Funari, Pedro Paulo Abreu, 1959-. III. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. IV. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em outro idioma: Communication in environmental discourse Palavras-chave em inglês: Communication Discourse analysis Environment - Social aspects Sustainability Uncertainty Área de concentração: Aspectos Sociais de Sustentabilidade e Conservação Titulação: Doutora em Ambiente e Sociedade Banca examinadora: Mateus Batistella Aline Vieira de Carvalho Lucia da Costa Ferreira Diogenes Salas Alves Telma Domingues da Silva Data de defesa: 08-08-2018 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Ambiente e Sociedade Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS (UNICAMP) INSTITUTO DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS (IFCH) A Comissão Julgadora dos trabalhos de Defesa de Tese de Doutorado, composta pelos Professores Doutores a seguir descritos, em sessão pública realizada no dia 08 de agosto de 2018, considerou a candidata Elza Kioko Kawakami Savaget aprovada. MEMBROS TITULARES: Dr. Mateus Batistella (Orientador) ______________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Aline Vieira de Carvalho____________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Lucia da Costa Ferreira______________________________________________ Dr. Diógenes Sala Alves______________________________________________________ Dra. Telma Domingues da Silva _______________________________________________ A Ata de Defesa com as respectivas assinaturas dos membros encontra-se no SIGA/Sistema de Fluxo de Teses e na Secretaria do Programa de Pós-Graduação do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ambiente e Sociedade. CAMPINAS - SP 2018 AGRADECIMENTOS Ao meu orientador, querido Dr. Mateus Batistella, que me proporcionou o melhor doutorado possível pelo total apoio ─ temático, logístico, financeiro ─ e por me abrir as portas para adentrar na experiência da temática ambiental contemporânea. Mas, sobretudo, pela parceria sempre cuidadosa desde o tempo do programa Globo Ecologia. Ao Dr. Pedro Paulo Funari, meu coorientador, pelo cuidado em ler e corrigir os meus trabalhos, por me acompanhar nas demandas disciplinares, na pré-banca e pelo prazer em conhecê-lo. Ao Projeto Amazalert e à Fundação Arthur Bernardes, pelo apoio financeiro, logístico e temático. À Dra. Lucia da Costa Ferreira, por todo o aprendizado, pelo estímulo, pela amizade, pela alegria e pelo conhecimento; pelas observações e pelas sugestões aos textos de qualificação e pré-banca. À Dra. Leila da Costa Ferreira pelas observações, pelas análises e pelas sugestões quanto ao texto de qualificação e pelo aprendizado por meio do qual pude encontrar a comunicação no discurso ambiental. À Dra. Aline Vieira de Carvalho pelas observações, pelas análises e pelas sugestões na pré- banca, mas sobretudo por sua gentileza, afeto e cuidado nas abordagens e críticas. Às Professoras Célia Futemma, Cristiana Simão Seixas, Simone Aparecida Vieira e Juliana Farinaci pelo aprendizado, pelas discussões e pelo conhecimento compartilhado. Ao pessoal do Nepam ─ Fátima, Neusinha, Débora e Waldinei─ por sua paciência e pelo apoio gentil nos trâmites internos. A todos os queridos colegas queridos da turma. A Flavia Natércia da Silva Medeiros, pela revisão fundamental para clarear a escrita. Ao meus pais (minha mãe in memoriam) e aos meus irmãos Eduardo e Edna pelo apoio de vida. Ao meu irmão Alberto, minhas queridas Naomi, Lina, Ana Mae e Léo pelo apoio logístico na hospedagem, alimentação e cuidados médicos, sem os quais seria menos acolhedor estar em Barão Geraldo. Aos meus filhos, Tama, Tomie e Claudio Seichi, pela alegria, pelo estímulo e pela companhia na vida. A Deus, por tudo. RESUMO O objetivo geral desta tese é analisar o funcionamento da polissemia da Comunicação no discurso ambiental, observar o seu papel instrumental, sua forma e também a ausência na transferência e troca do conhecimento. Para a pesquisa foram delimitados quatro objetivos específicos: primeiro, a análise percorre a história do discurso construída pela sociologia ambiental hanniganiana na caracterização tipológica dos discursos, a partir da qual foi construído o corpus de quatro obras que considero íconicas da comunicação, pelo número de tiragens, sucesso de público, debates provocados e mudanças políticas. As analises visam melhorar a compreensão sobre a construção dos elementos simbólicos e semióticos que caracterizam e constroem a memória coletiva sobre o discurso ambiental, para isso atribuí o conceito semiótico de “rostidade” para conseguir ressaltar as formas significantes no constructo simbólico do discurso na sociedade. A segunda delimitação foca o discurso da mudança climática, desdobrado pelo capitulo anterior por seu sucesso junto público em 2007 e exposição midiática divergente em 2009, quando expos a dúvida e a incerteza. O conjunto de acontecimento pode ter complexificado iniciativas comunicativas relacionados às pesquisas ambientais. Esse problema motivou o terceiro objetivo específico, delimitado para entender o papel da incerteza na argumentação de propostas de pesquisas e o papel da comunicação. Através de estudo de caso, as análises observaram a dinâmica de programas de pesquisas, referenciados pelo IPCC, que apresentaram dados sobre os efeitos da mudança climática Amazônia visando a sustentabilidade planetária. A quarta delimitação é sobre o discurso da sustentabilidade, por sua característica teleológica preconizadora sobre a importância das ações locais conectadas à sustentabilidade planetária. A sustentabilidade foi o elemento motivador dialógico de pesquisadores e cientistas com a sociedade, como a experiência que são do campo da comunicação. No exercício da comunicação emergem novas possibilidades, além de melhorar o desenho das dificuldades e explicitar demandas necessárias para alcançar a sustentabilidade amazônica. Para refinar a compreensão sobre o discurso da sustentabilidade, a corpora organizado trouxe trechos de narrativas de atores de setores produtivos da sociedade e organizações não governamentais. As significâncias atribuídas ao termo sustentabilidade, reforçam a características polissêmica e revelam que o processo de racionalização é bastante complexo. As narrativas no nível local, especificamente os gestores ambientais municipais evidenciou o problema desta tese, de uma possível dissonância entre o que se diz, sobre a importância dos objetivos da sustentabilidade e, o que se faz para que a sociedade a compreenda. A ferramenta de análise se amparou no arcabouço teórico da Análise do Discurso - AD, nos debates críticos dos teóricos da comunicação, nos princípios conceituais interdisciplinares de construção da memória social e, sobretudo, no arcabouço teórico dos estudos interdisciplinares da questão ambiental e da sustentabilidade. Palavras Chave: Comunicação; Análise de Discurso; Meio Ambiente - Aspectos Sociais; Sustentabilidade; Incerteza ABSTRACT The general objective of this dissertation is to analyze the functioning of the polysemy of Communication in the environmental discourse, to observe its instrumental role, its form and also the absence in the transference and exchange of knowledge. For the research, four specific objectives were delineated: first, the analysis covers the history of the discourse constructed by the Hannigan environmental sociology in the typological characterization of the discourses, from which the corpus of four works that I considered as communication icons were constructed, by the number of runs public success, provoked debate, and political change. The analyzes aim to improve the understanding of the construction of the symbolic and semiotic elements that characterize and construct the collective memory on the environmental discourse, for which I attribute the semiotic concept of faciality in order to highlight the significant forms in the symbolic construct of discourse in society. The second delimitation focuses on the discourse of climate change, unfolded by the previous chapter for its success with public in 2007 and divergent media exposure in 2009, when it
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