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Geologic Map of Minnesota Precambrian Bedrock Geology

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Geologic Map of Minnesota Precambrian Bedrock Geology Prepared and Published with the Support of STATE MAP SERIES S-22 THE MINNESOTA LEGISLATURE AS ADMINISTERED BY THE MINERALS COORDINATING COMMITTEE Precambrian Bedrock Geology MINNESOTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Harvey Thorleifson, Director ONTARIO MANITOBA 95° Asd Agr CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS Avs Amv GEOLOGIC MAP OF MINNESOTA Significant unconformities are indicated by dashed lines. Agr Approximate ages are shown in million years (Ma). INTRUSIVE ROCKS SUPRACRUSTAL ROCKS Midcontinent Rift Intrusive Supersuite Keweenawan Supergroup Hinckley-Fond du Lac Formations Agt PRECAMBRIAN BEDROCK GEOLOGY North Shore Volcanic Group Mss Duluth Complex Mafic dike swarms Msl Mn Mr Mu Beaver Bay Complex, etc. Layered series Anorthositic series Miscellaneous intrusions St. Croix horst Mns Mbd Mbg Mbf Mlf Mlg Mlt Mlc Mau Mmf Mnu Mnb Mbv Mmv Mpv MESOPROTEROZOIC Mbt Mmd Mmg Mnr Mcv Mvu Compiled by Normal magnetic polarity Early gabbroic series Felsic series ~1,099 Ma Logan Reversed magnetic polarity Mfv ~1,106 Ma 97° Lake of the Woods Avs intrusions Mge Mfg Mnl 49° MANITOBA Mmi CANADA 96° Mld Mms MINNESOTA UNITED STATES Agn Sioux Quartzite Ami 49° Geon 16 Mazatzal orogeny )313 Mark A. Jirsa, Terrence J. Boerboom, and V.W. Chandler East-central Minnesota batholith PROTEROZOIC Ami sq )310 )89 Hillman migmatitic tonalite Geon 17 Yavapai orogeny gu gr gk gd gm gp ga Animikie Group Agn 75 Agp Warroad dt LONG POINT my as Geon 18 Penokean orogeny Mm gt River ROSEAU Agd RIVER )11 Amv ac Agr Agm 1,850 Ma Sudbury BATHOLITH ag Roseau INTRUSIVE meteorite impact Fold-and-thrust belt Agt 2012 dg ai si PALEOPROTEROZOIC Ags mi of Penokean orogen Agu KITTSON (ages uncertain) gs Hallock Agt ROCKS aq Mille Lacs Granite )175 Agp LAKE OF Little Falls Formation Mille Lacs Group; North Range Group and equivalent mi )172 ml ROSEAU Agp Amv THE WOODS ls m if mv Sartell Gneiss mq vs Agd Ami Agm )11 md 59 gn KARLSTAD Denham Formation Agr Ams Agr Batholith components and discrete plutons Quetico subprovince Avs Baudette D (deformation of D fabrics) Agu )11 Agr Agu 3 2 Agu Agm Aql ( Agp D Minnesotan orogeny (~2,680 Ma) Agt Agm Agd 2 ( Ami Aml Aqm Red Agr Asd Knife Lake Group ( 94° Saganaga Tonalite Av )11 Avs Avs ( Asd Aqg Aqa Aqs Aqt Asc Amv Agr Aks BATHOLITH Ami Agp ( Agr 93° Ast Akc Amv Ami ( ( Ad Ag A m Akv NEOARCHEAN ( Avs Agr Amv ( Rainy( Agu Avs Ams ( ( D Shebandowanian orogeny (~2,695 Ma) Agp ( Agm ( ( Lake ONTARIO 1 ( Agm FAULT Agp )332( Asc MINNESOTA ARCHEAN mi Amv ( ( ) ( ( Agu ( Agm 72ICO In(ternational Adt Agl Agt Agn Wawa and Wabigoon subprovinces ( ( Amv ( Agm Aqp ( ( Falls Aif Ags ( Aag Ams Asg )220 Agt ( Amv QUET Amv ( Avs Acv Agm Agu Thief ( ( Aif Auv Amv Amm )89 ( ( ( ( Aql Agp )32 Lake ( ( ( ( ( Avs ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 71 53 Amv Agu ( Agp Avs ( Great Lakes Tectonic Zone Agu Agu Agr ( Ams ( Minnesota River Valley subprovince (~3,100-3,500 Ma) Avs ( Aag FLORIAN ( Agp Agd ( ( MESOARCHEAN and ( ( ( Amg PALEOARCHEAN Ams ( ( Agr ( T Amt Amd Amn Avs ( ( ( River Kabetogoma BATHOLITH MARSHALAmvL Agm ( ( ( AUL ( ( ( ( ER F Lake ( Avs ( ( ( V Agt ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( RI MINNESOTA Agm ( T ( Amv ( NE )217 Agt Amv Avs ( Agm ( ( ( ( EI NORTH DAKOTA NORTH ( ( AUL ( Ami Mud ( ( ( ( Ami ( ( ER F ( ( Aqg ( Lake ( ( V ( ( ( ( LAKE–S ( ( ( ( ( ( RI ( ( NY Aqg Aqa ( ( ( ( ( ( RAI ( ( ( ( ( NE 53 ( Avs GRYGLA ( EI Aql Aqs ( ( ( ( 75 Agm ( S Aqg ( Agu Agm PLUGTryOglNa ( Lac La Croix Agp ( Aqs Amv ( )65 Adt Agp Aqg Aql ( ( 92° Agt Ami Big Fork )1 LAKE – Crane Warren Ami ( ( Lake )219 NY V KOOCHICHING 91° Agp ( ( ERM LAC LA CROIX CANADA RAI I Aql ( LION Aqt Agp ( Agm UNITEDSAG STATESANAGA Agu ( GRANITE Agm FAULT Amv ( Aks Asc Ast ( Aqg Aqs Aqa )220 Thief ( ( Aqg TONALITE River )1 ( ( Upper Red Lake Sea Gull Agp Falls Aqa Aks Lake Ami ( ( )72 Aqs Nett Auv Mld 90° Agd ( Akc ( ( 71 Lake Ami ( Aqs ai ( ( Aqs ( SNAKE RIVER BATHOLITH Auv 48° ( ( Aqg ( Aqs Asd PENNINGTON Agd Pelican Lake Agu ( ( ( Mge ( Agp Agr Basswood Mfg as 48° East ( ( BELTRAMI Aql Lake Aks Avs ( Ami Aqg Mlt Grand Grand 59 Aqa ( Agr Akc Mmf Mms Mmg Forks ( ( Amv Aqa Akv Portage Mms Agm ( Ami ( Mmd ( ( Agd Mmd Amv Avs ( Ami Agu Asd ( Akv Snowbank Mfg Aqa Asd ( ( Agu Agt ( Lake Mnl ( ( Lower Red Lake Agu Agp ( ( Amv ( ( ( ( ( ( Aks Mvu Mnl )61 Mnl Msl ( Red Lake ( Aqs Aqt Amv Falls R( ED ISLAND LAKE BATHOLITH Agt Burntside ( Devil Track Mmg Mmg ( ( Lake ( ( ( ( Agm Agt Lake Mlg Mmf ( LAKE Agu Agu ( ( ) Mvu Mmg Mmf ( ( 65 ( Aag Adt Aqs ( ( ( Ely Acv ( ( ( ( Insula ( Amv ( ( Asd ( ( ( ( Agu ( ( Auv Lake ) ( 1 ( Mnb ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 2 ( RED LAKE ( Red Lake LINDEN ( Aqp ( COOK ( ) Avs ( ( ) ( ( ( 1 1 ( Mlg ( Amv ( ( Agm Mfg Mmg ( ( ( ( FALLS ( Northome Agt ( ( ( ( Vermilion( )169 ( Agp ) PLUTON ( Cook 92 ( Agu Agr )1 ( ( Mnr ( Avs ( ( ( PLUTON ) Amv ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Lake Asc Avs 32 Avs ( ( ( ( Bald Crookston ( ( Aif )1 Mau Mnu Island ( ( ( Eagle Mmd ( Amv ( Agu ( Asd ( Soudan Agu ( Agu ( ( ( ( Avs Lake Amv Lake ( Aag ( ( ( ( ( ( Acv Mnb Agm ( ( ( )73 Mnb Grand Ams )92 ( Tower ( ( )220 ( Aqm ( )72 ( )1 Marais Agm ( ( Amv ( ( Mns (POLK Asd ( Mbd Agp Agm ( Agu Ami ( Asd Asg Mmd ( Agt Bigfork ( Asc EX 2 ( ( Agp L )6 ( COON ( Asd P Agu Auv ) ( Agr LAKE 61 Agr )102 ( ( ( COM DORA LAKE Acv Agt DULUTH ( ( Birch ( E Agp )89 Avs PLUTON ( Mfg Ami ( ( )169 Lake Mlt ( IV ( Asc ( ( Mbg Agr Asd SHANNON LAKE Mnr ( ( Mbd ( Aag Agr ( Avs 53 Ams ) ( Lutsen ( RUS 46 ( Ams BATHOLITH Amv Agr Mvu ( Asd ( INT Agm Amv ( Aqm Mbt Mmf 71 ( GRANITE Mnb ( IC ( Ami ( Mvu ( ( F Agm ( Mnr Agr ( Asd A Agp Agp LAKE Isabella MINNESOTA ) Agu MICHIGAN 9 ( ST. LOUIS Amm ( Agt Agu Mfg ( M Agu )286( Agu Agu ( COMPLEX Msl ( Mbd Agm CLEARWATER Asd Agm Tofte River ( ( TOR ( Agt ( Mvu Mfg Agu EN Agu ( Agd ( Amm M Agt Bagley Bowstring ( Agn Mlg Mnu Agm Avs ai ( 2 Lake Lake ( TH Amv)135 Taconite Amv ( Agu ( Harbor Bemidji ( Acv Agt Asg )1 Big ( HOLI Aurora Mnr Mnb Agu BEMIDJI BATHOLITH ( Virginia Lake BAT Mvu 75 ( ( Agm ai Mbd Agu ( ITASCA Mlg Ami ( Chisholm ( Bemidji ( ( RANGE )61 Mss Lake ( Agu Eveleth ( )197 ( )37 Mmf Agm Agp ( aq Lake Superior ( ( Little Agr )38 Hibbing Mbf Cass ( RANGE Marais )32 )92 ( IRON Mmd Mnr Agp Agm Amv Lake Winnibigoshish ) ( 37 ( 169 59 Plantagenet Agu Mau Mnu Agm Lake Illgen )200 MAHNOMEN ( ( Deer TS Mbg NORMAN AN Mbd City )200 )200 Ball ( Lake GI I Ada Mahnomen 2 AgrClub Agt AB River Agu Acv ES Agm ( Lake M Acv ( Agm Mmf Mmf Silver Agm Mlg 90° Red ( as Bay Agm Mississippi Swan )73 Mnu Agm )371 ( Mfg Beaver ( ( ( Lake Whiteface Mnu ( Reservoir Mmf MbdBay Agr Avs ( ( ( ac Agu ( )65 )113 ( ( ( ( ( ( ai Grand Rapids Mnu 71 ( ( Mmg )200 Avs Mvu Agp ( Y St. Louis Agu T Amv Agm )113 ( NUI Pokegama Mvu Mnb ( Leech Lake aq Mmf Castle Agm ( CONTI Danger Agp Agm S Lake Mmf 91° Agp DI Mlg ( River ( HUBBARD )64 Amv Mlt Mmd Walker Mau Amv ( Avs Agr Asg 169 ANIMIKIE Mmg )61 Agm Amv ( Boulder Ami ( Agu Lake Mnu Mmd 47° )9 ( ( ( )200 Mau MINNESOTA AL Mmg Two WISCONSIN Agp ( R 53 Harbors ( STRUCTU Island Lake Mvu ( ) Agm )200 BASIN Agp 34 Ten Mile Agm CASS 47° Agm ( Lake 2 Agp ( Mnb BECKER (Shell Lake Agm Agr Agu ( Agt Woman 10 Agr Avs Lake Fish CLAY HAWLEY BATHOLITH Height ) Mmd of Land ( 6 Lake Moorhead ( )34 Park < Lake Rapids INTRODUCTION gs Graywacke and slate with graphitic and sulfidic zones. ( LAKE )84 as Mmd )64 Wild Rice ( Agm )61 This map of Archean and Proterozoic (Precambrian) geology is nearly identical to Minnesota Geological Detroit ( Lake <ml Penokean intrusion—Mille Lacs granite (~2,009 Ma). Agr ( )87 ( Lakes Amv 71 St. Louis Survey Map S-21 (Jirsa and others, 2011), except it portays an interpretation of the geology beneath Agu )32 ( )87 ( ) Mau ( as 194 Phanerozoic strata (Fig. 1) based on geophysical and drill core data. < Little Falls Formation—Schist and slate of graywacke-mudstone protolith. 75 §94 Agp Agm Mlc ls ¦ ( Detroit ( Mlg Avs ) )73 53 ( Lake 87 )65 Supracrustal rocks in the fold-and-thrust belt of the Penokean orogen (twice-deformed) Agm ( Agm ( )33 Mnb Cormorant 10 2 ( Agm )87 Agt ac DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS < Mille Lacs and North Range Groups and equivalent sedimentary rocks—Includes the ( ( LakeLEECH ( m 59 Mmi Mahnomen and Rabbit Lake Formations and Trout Lake marble. River ( ( Big Sandy Duluth PROTEROZOIC ROCKS ( Agm ( Lake Mlf <if Iron-formation in the Cuyuna North and South Ranges and Mille Lacs Group—Includes Pelican NIMROD ( ( The Proterozoic rocks in Minnesota are the remnants of four orogenic and rifting events. The Amv ( ( Lake Ams ¦§35 the Trommald Formation. ( ( ( Cloquet Paleoproterozoic rocks contain evidence for a classic Wilson cycle of rifting and continental collision ( )34 as ( Whitefish ( < Interlayered volcanic and sedimentary rocks. ( OUTLIER Agt Lake during the Geon 18 Penokean orogeny. The resulting crust was deformed, metamorphosed, and plutonized vs ( Agm ( Agm ( ( 92° ( ( ( ( Mnl to varying degrees by the Geon 17 Yavapai and Geon 16 Mazatzal orogenies. The Yavapai Province in ( Asg )210 <mv Interlayered volcanic, volcaniclastic, sedimentary, and hypabyssal intrusive rocks—Includes ( Agm )371 ( Mmi southeastern Minnesota contains older continental crust deformed during Geon 17 and is intruded by ( Amv )227 ( ( ( ( ai ( )210 Carlton parts of the Mille Lacs Group, North and South Range Groups, Glen Township Formation, ( Ami m ag si ( ( ( granitic rocks. Some strata assigned to the Animikie basin likely were deposited during the Yavapai event. ( ( AITKIN Avs Agu Pelican Agp Big Pine and inferred equivalents to Wisconsin magmatic terranes. ( Lake Lake ( Mesoproterozoic rocks are the product of Geon 11 continental rifting, producing volcanic and sedimentary Rapids Perham Agt ( Ams CROW WING ( gs ) McGrego( r < 108 Crow Dam Lake quartzite.
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