DOCSLIB.ORG

Utah History Encyclopedia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Utah History Encyclopedia UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD Union Pacific bridge and tunnel in Weber Canyon The Union Pacific Railroad has been an essential link in the transportation network of the West for more than one hundred twenty years. The Union Pacific Railroad was the eastern segment of the first transcontinental railroad completed in 1869. After years of agitation for a railroad link to the Pacific coast, in 1862 the United States Congress authorized such a venture. When the original legislation failed to attract sufficient capital for undertaking the project, a new law was enacted in 1864 doubling the federal land- grant offerings and making generous thirty-year loans for much of the building costs of the road. The Union Pacific Railroad Company was authorized to begin construction from Omaha, Nebraska westward, while the Central Pacific, was to commence building at Sacramento, California and cross the Sierra Nevada Mountains heading eastward. In general, the corporate competition to build the most miles of railroad and thus garner the greater share of land grants and bond money did nothing to enhance the quality of construction. Nevertheless, each company did an impressive job of meeting their respective obstacles as the project got under way. From the time the Union Pacific began serious work in 1865, the company averaged over a mile a day, accomplished largely through the arduous labor of recently arrived Irish emigrants with picks, shovels and mule-drawn scrapers. Supplying these workmen with the necessities of life gave several men long-lasting reputations as buffalo hunters, and otherwise taxed the ingenuity of the company providers. There were others who inevitably followed the work crews to provide the liquor, feminine companionship and gambling facilities documented in dozens of photographs-the "hell 1 of 4 on wheels" that crossed the plains adjacent the construction camps. As the railroad stretched inexorably westward, it opened portions of Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado and Wyoming to more extensive development. Mining, cattle raising and agricultural activity were generally enhanced by providing more effective transportation of goods to eastern markets. Perhaps no area was more heavily impacted by the Union Pacific than the Intermountain domain settled by members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Brigham Young, leader of these isolated colonists, recognized the advantages and liabilities of the approaching railroad, and unable to stop it, he attempted to make the best of its coming. It would make the large annual emigration of converts from Europe and the East faster, less dangerous and less expensive. And it promised to provide good paying work for numerous Mormon men and draft animals. However, on the other hand, the railroad would bring into the midst of Mormondom all the ills of the outside world Young and his associates had long denounced and abhorred. The coming of the railroad also immeasurably enhanced the profitability of mining in the territory and stimulated a large influx of semi-permanent Gentile residents into the region. Young arranged with the railroad company for extensive grading contracts through the difficult mountain canyons from Evanston, Wyoming to Ogden, Utah. In the final year of the construction project, Salt Lake City newspapers advertized for anyone wishing employment or subcontracts to apply to Joseph, John W. or Brigham Young Jr., all sons of the church leader. They and Bishop John Sharp worked as intermediaries between the Union Pacific and the local work crews thus recruited. Many of the Mormon workmen were present at the momentous event of the driving of the golden spike on 10 May 1869, celebrating the completion of the transcontinental railroad. However, the church president was absent from the occasion and was represented in official circles by Sharp, who in later years served on the Board of Directors of Union Pacific Railroad. Brigham Young was unhappy at not being able to persuade either the Union Pacific or Central Pacific to direct the route through Salt Lake City. But soon after completion of the main line, with close and continuing cooperation from Union Pacific, a Mormon-controlled Utah Central Railroad finished a branch line from Ogden to Salt Lake City. For the next generation, southern Utah citizens and mining promoters sought construction of a railroad stretching through the largest region in the United States yet untapped by such transportation facilities, 2 of 4 between Salt Lake City and Los Angeles, California. Although many such schemes were projected, none came to fruition, largely because Collis P. Huntington, of Central Pacific and associated railroads, aimed to maintain a monopoly on transportation into California. The Union Pacific Railroad consistently demonstrated interest in building the Salt Lake and Los Angeles line, and subsidiary companies did gradually extend tracks all the way to the Nevada border, near Caliente. But burdened by scandal, financial depressions and finally bankruptcy, the larger company could not do more at that time. However, after Huntington died in 1900 and independent Montana financier, William A. Clark, began extending the railroad through the Nevada and California deserts, the resurgent Union Pacific, under powerful New Yorker, Edwin H. Harriman, forced Clark to relinquish control and the Salt Lake and Los Angeles line has remained an essential segment of the Union Pacific Railroad ever since. See: Nelson Trottman, History of the Union Pacific: A Financial and Economic Survey (1966); Robert G. Athearn, Union Pacific Country (1971); Maury Klein, Union Pacific: The Rebirth, 1894-1969. New York: Doubleday, (1989). E. Leo Lyman SOURCE... Article is from the Utah History Encyclopedia. Powell, Allan Kent, ed. Salt Lake City, Utah : The University of Utah Press, 1994 USE RESTRICTIONS... The contents of this article may be repurposed for non-commercial, non­ profit, educational use. 3 of 4 Distributed by the Utah Education Network eMedia service: http://www.uen.org/emedia Original digital conversion by UCME: Utah Collections Multimedia Encyclopedia project: http://www.uen.org/ucme 4 of 4.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lorin C. Woolley Biography
    "I Love to Hear Him Talk and Rehearse" The Life and Teachings of Lorin C. Woolley by Brian C. Hales Copyright 1993 Lorin C. Woolley became popular in the 1920s as a speaker among different groups of dissenters from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. His acceptance was greatest among men and women who had been excommunicated for practicing polygamy. On one occasion Joseph White Musser, who had listened to him many times, recorded: "I love to hear him talk and rehearse."(1) During his lifetime, Lorin C. Woolley shared many fascinating stories with his listeners. THE IMPORTANCE OF LORIN C. WOOLLEY Since the Manifesto, the practice of polygamy outside of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has been advocated by a number of interesting and dedicated individuals. Many have served as leaders in their respective pseudo-church organizations. These men have demonstrated sincerity, charisma and commitment to their cause. They have endured persecution from external sources including suffering prison sentences. Nevertheless, none of their contributions to the practice of post-manifesto polygamy compares with the offering presented by Lorin C. Woolley. Through his recollections he provided his followers with access to a line of priesthood authority, ostensibly allowing them to eternally seal plural marriages. The Need for Legitimate Authority To understand why proper authority is so important, we recall the Lord's instructions concerning the sealing power restored to Joseph Smith: All covenants, contracts, bonds, obligations,
    [Show full text]
  • WILFORD WOODRUFF's JOURNAL Kraut's PIONEER PRESS 7285
    WILFORD WOODRUFF'S JOURNAL Kraut's PIONEER PRESS 7285 Highland Drive Salt Lake City, Utah 84121 Typography by ANNE WILDE PREFACE Wilford Woodruff kept one of the most important journals in the early Church. Recorded within its pages are some of the greatest moments in the Church's history, much of which might otherwise have gone unrecorded. He was personally acquainted with the Prophet Joseph Smith, Brigham Young and John Taylor, and kept a faithful record of many of their private meetings and counsel. Here for the first time in print are selected out the choicest gems of doctrine and history as they were recorded by this great man. Davis Bitton, Assistant Church Historian, wrote the following about Wilford Woodruff's journal, which covered the years from 1834 to 1898: It is one of this monumental examples of personal record-keeping. From the time he joined the Church in 1833 and through his long, eventful life, Wilford Woodruff must have spent an hour a day on it, even more when the occasion required, carefully setting down his experiences and feelings. Since he lived through exciting times and was often close to the centers of activity, his ardent consistency in writing produced one of the magnificent primary sources for the history of the Church during the nineteenth century. There are hundreds of surviving personal records from the Saints of the past century. To some extent the practice continues to the present. * * * Probably no people, with the possible exception of the Puritans or the early Quakers, have been so mindful of personal records as have the Latter-day Saints.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrating the Lds Past
    5 CELEBRATING THE LDS PAST: ESSAYS COMMEMORATING THE 20TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE 1972 FOUNDING OF THE LOS CHURCH HISTORICAL DEPARTMENT'S "HISTORY DIVISION" Joseph Fielding Smith Institute for Church History Brigham Young University Provo, Utah 24 January 1992 TABLE OF CONTENTS· Preface. ix ON WRITING LATIER-DAY SAINT HISTORY Leonard J. Arrington ................................. ... .... 1 "GOOD GUYS" vs. "GOOD GUYS": RUDGER CLAWSON, JOHN SHARP, AND CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY UTAH James B. Allen . 11 EARLY MORMON LIFESTYLES; OR THE SAINTS AS HUMAN BEINGS Davis Bitton . 35 THE PROPHET'S LEITERS TO HIS SONS Dean C. Jessee . 63 SAMUEL D. AND AMANDA CHAMBERS William G. Hartley . 79 ENCOURAGING THE SAINTS; BRIGHAM YOUNG'S ANNUAL TOURS OF THE MORMON SETILEMENTS Gordon Irving . 85 BRIGHAM YOUNG AND THE IMMIGRANTS Richard L. Jensen ............................... : . ...... 101 BRIGHAM YOUNG: MAN OF THE SPIRIT D. Michael Quinn . 115 WOMEN AT WINTER QUARTERS Maureen Ursenbach Beecher . 121 RICHARD L. JENSEN BRIGHAM YOUNG AND THE IMMIGRANTS* The call to flee from Babylon and gather to Zion had profound effects on the Latter-day Saint movement in the nineteenth century. No one shaped the gathering as much as Brigham Young. In tum, his involvement with it for four-and-a-half decades was one of the major facets of his adult life. We can learn much about Brigham Young from his approach to immigration and the immigrants, and we can gain insights into the dynamics of Mormon society. Perhaps just as interesting is the feeling for the man and his times which can be gained from his correspondence and epistles. Like most of the early converts to Mormonism, Brigham Young learned early what it meant to relocate one's family.
    [Show full text]
  • National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form 5
    FHR-&-300 (11-78) United States Department of the Interior Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries complete applicable sections_______________ 1. Name historic Sharp, John C., House and/or common street & number of f Utah Highway #36 not for publication city, town Vernon vicinity of diotriot- state Utah code 049 county Tooele code 045 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use district public occupied agriculture museum X building(s) X private X unoccupied commercial park structure both work in progress educational X private residence site Public Acquisition Accessible entertainment religious object N/A in process X yes: restricted government scientific being considered yes: unrestricted industrial transportation no military other: 4. Owner of Property name Leo and Virginia A. Ault street & number 357 Loader Drive city, town Pleasant Grove vicinity of state Utah 84062 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Tooele County Courthouse street & number 47 South Main city, town Tooele state Utah 6. Representation in Existing Surveys title Utah State Register Files has this property been determined elegible? yes X no date 1973 federal X state county local depository for survey records Utah State Historical Society city, town Salt Lake City state Utah 7. Description Condition Check one Check one excellent deteriorated _ unaltered original site ^ good ruins X altered moved date fair unexposed Describe the present and original (if known) physical appearance The John C. Sharp House Is a two-story, brick, Italianate house with a side passage plan.
    [Show full text]
  • Rescuers of the Willie Handcart, Martin Handcart, Hodgett Wagon, and Hunt Wagon Companies of 1856, by Jolene S
    439 GIBSON CONDIE Born: 10 March 1835 Clackmannan, Scotland Age: 21 Rescuer Gibson Condie’s parents were Thomas and Helen Sharp Condie. He was named for his grandfather, Gibson Condie (1774-1856). The family joined the Church in 1847 and made plans to immigrate to America. They sailed from Liverpool on the ship Zetland in January of 1849. Gibson’s occupation is listed on the ship’s record as “Mormon Laborer.” He was 15 years old by the time the family arrived in Kanesville, or Council Bluffs, Iowa, where they stayed and worked for two years. They arrived in Salt Lake City in September 1852 with the Thomas C.D. Howell wagon company. Here they were reunited with many of their relatives and friends from Clackmannan, including John Sharp, the first branch president of the Clackmannon Branch in Scotland. As part of General Conference in April 1997, the First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints broadcast a presentation from sites along the Mormon Pioneer Trail. The presentation was titled, “Faith in Every Footstep: The Epic Pioneer Journey.” Included in that broadcast is this statement from President Thomas S. Monson: “Big Mountain holds a special place in my heart. A pioneer ancestor, Gibson Condie, came over this summit on his way to help rescue the stranded handcart pioneers. At the call of the prophet, he journeyed to this very spot in the bitter winter of 1856. The snow was 16 feet deep on the road. How grateful I am for this pioneer ancestor, who, leaving the comfort of home and family, risked his own safety to help those in such desperate need.” Brigham Young called for the first party of rescuers to go out from the Salt Lake Valley in early October, as soon as he learned that the last companies of 1856 had been delayed and were still out on the plains.
    [Show full text]
  • Utah Historical Quarterly, Volume 78, Fall 2010, Number 4
    UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY FALL 2010 • VOLUME 78 • NUMBER 4 UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY (ISSN 0 042-143X) EDITORIAL STAFF PHILIP F. NOTARIANNI, Editor ALLAN KENT POWELL, Managing Editor CRAIG FULLER, Associate Editor ADVISORY BOARD OF EDITORS LEE ANN KREUTZER, Salt Lake City, 2012 STANFORD J. LAYTON, Salt Lake City, 2012 ROBERT E. PARSON, Benson, 2010 W. PAUL REEVE, Salt Lake City, 2011 JOHN SILLITO, Ogden, 2010 NANCY J. TANIGUCHI, Merced, California, 2011 GARY TOPPING, Salt Lake City, 2011 RONALD G. WATT, West Valley City, 2010 COLLEEN WHITLEY, Salt Lake City, 2012 Utah Historical Quarterly was established in 1928 to publish articles, documents, and reviews contributing to knowledge of Utah history. The Quarterly is published four times a year by the Utah State Historical Society, 300 Rio Grande, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101. Phone (801) 533-3500 for membership and publications information. Members of the Society receive the Quarterly upon payment of the annual dues: individual, $25; institution, $25; student and senior citizen (age sixty-five or older), $20; sustaining, $35; patron, $50; business, $100. Manuscripts submitted for publication should be double-spaced with endnotes. Authors are encouraged to include a PC diskette with the submission. For additional information on requirements, contact the managing editor. Articles and book reviews represent the views of the authors and are not necessarily those of the Utah State Historical Society. Periodicals postage is paid at Salt Lake City, Utah. POSTMASTER: Send address change to Utah Historical
    [Show full text]
  • THE LAST SPIKE IS DRIVEN! the PACIFIC RAILROAD IS COMPLETED! II the POINT of JUNCTION IS 1,086 MILES WEST of the MISSOURI RIVER, and 690 EAST of Vi SACRAMENTO CITY
    ATIONAL GOLDEN SPIKE CENTENNIAL COMMISSION OFFICIAL PUBLICATION MBPPP GOLDEN SP KE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION COMMISSION "What is past is prologue. ..." Shakespeare's words epitomize the spirit of the nation's railroads as they look to the challenges of the future while celebrating the centennial of an achievement that still stands as one of the great milestones in American history. That event was the completion of the first transcontinental railway system with the Driving of the Golden Spike at Promontory, Utah, on May 10, 1869. It was hailed at the time as an impossible dream come true. And, indeed, it was. Its significance was summarized by the late President John F. Kennedy when he said: "We need not read deeply into the history of the United States to become aware of the great and vital role which the railroads have played in the opening up and developing of this great nation. As our frontier moved westward, it was the railroads that bore the great tide of America to areas of new opportunities and new hopes." The railroad industry is justly proud of its past and its contribution to the growth, development and economic might of America. But, again, what's past is prologue. Railroadmen see vast changes occurring in their industry. Today — a hundred years from Promontory — the Iron Horse has lost most of his passen­ ger train glamour. But he's still the workhorse of the transportation stable, hauling almost as much freight as all the newer modes combined. New all-time freight records in 1968 are a significant keynote to the future in railroading.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Mormon History Vol. 8, 1981
    Journal of Mormon History Volume 8 Issue 1 Article 1 1981 Journal of Mormon History Vol. 8, 1981 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/mormonhistory Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation (1981) "Journal of Mormon History Vol. 8, 1981," Journal of Mormon History: Vol. 8 : Iss. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/mormonhistory/vol8/iss1/1 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Mormon History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Journal of Mormon History Vol. 8, 1981 Table of Contents • --Return to Carthage: Writing the History of Joseph Smith's Martyrdom Dean C. Jessee, 3 • --Heber J. Grant and the Utah Loan and Trust Company Ronald W. Walker, 21 • --Charles B. Thompson and the Issues of Slavery and Race Newell G. Bringhurst, 37 • --"Between Two Fires": Women on the "Underground" of Mormon Polygamy Kimberly Jensen James, 49 • --Some Comparative Perspectives on the Early Mormon Movement and the Church-State Question, 1830-1845 John F. Wilson, 63 • --Bearding Leone and Others in the Heartland of Mormon Historiography Mario S. De Pillis, 79 This full issue is available in Journal of Mormon History: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/mormonhistory/vol8/iss1/1 Journal of Mormon History Editorial Staff RICHARD W. SADLER, Editor DEAN L. MAY, Associate Editor JILL MULVAY DERR, Assistant Editor GORDON IRVING, Assistant Editor Board of Editors RICHARD L. ANDERSON (1983), Brigham Young University L.
    [Show full text]
  • EMIGRATING to the “LAND of EPHRAIM” 139 Life We Live! It Is the Dream of the Poets Actually Fulfilled in Real Life
    5 EMIGRATING TO THE “LAND OF EphI RA M” uring a twenty-one month stretch from February 1854 to DNovember 1855, seventy-three Waldensians who had con- verted to Mormonism left Piedmont for Utah in three separate groups. Branch records indicate that during the life of the mis- sion, seventy individuals were excommunicated for a variety of reasons, including negligence, bad conduct, infidelity, evilness, immorality, apostasy, unbelief, criticism, nonchalance, coward- ice, lying, deceit, and “at [the member’s] own request.”1 Emigra- tion and excommunication eventually reduced Mormon mem- bership by almost 85 percent. While this development sapped the strength of the church in Italy, the immigrants contributed to the building of the increasingly multinational church in Utah. 1. “Appendix to Italian Mission,” in Richards, The Scriptural Allegory, 297–312. For more information on conversion and retention of nineteenth-century Mormon converts, see Jared M. Halverson, “‘To Make Ready a People Prepared for the Lord’: Italy’s Waldensian Saints as a Case Study on Conversion” (master’s thesis, Brigham Young University, August 2005). 137 138 MORMONS IN THE PIAZZA Mormon emigration from the valleys was certainly not unique. The overpopulation, grape disease, and potato rot in the valleys had produced by the mid-nineteenth century a “notewor- thy flux of emigration.”2 While the Mormon missionaries were preaching the “gathering” and baptizing, but also excommunicat- ing converts, more than 450 persons were abandoning the val- leys each year for France, Switzerland, and the Near East. Despite these drastic conditions, the Waldensian Church moderator vehe- mently opposed sponsoring a program of emigration because he feared that members would abandon their cultural and ethnic heritage if they left the valleys.3 This void provided the Mormon missionaries with an oppor- tunity to teach the Waldensians not only about the restored gospel but also instruct them concerning the advantages of emigration and living in Utah.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Mormon History Vol. 27, No. 2, 2001
    Journal of Mormon History Volume 27 Issue 2 Article 1 2001 Journal of Mormon History Vol. 27, No. 2, 2001 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/mormonhistory Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation (2001) "Journal of Mormon History Vol. 27, No. 2, 2001," Journal of Mormon History: Vol. 27 : Iss. 2 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/mormonhistory/vol27/iss2/1 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Mormon History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Journal of Mormon History Vol. 27, No. 2, 2001 Table of Contents CONTENTS LETTERS vii ARTICLES • --Polygamy and Prostitution: Comparative Morality in Salt Lake City, 1847-1911 Jeffrey D. Nichols, 1 • --"Called by a New Name": Mission, Identity, and the Reorganized Church Mark A. Scherer, 40 • --Samuel Woolley Taylor: Mormon Maverick Historian Richard H. Cracroft, 64 • --Fish and the Famine of 1855-56 D. Robert Carter, 92 • --"As Ugly as Evil" and "As Wicked as Hell": Gadianton Robbers and the Legend Process among the Mormons W.Paul Reeve, 125 • --The East India Mission of 1851-1856: Crossing the Boundaries of Culture, Religion, and Law R. Lanier Britsch, 150 • --Steel Rails and the Utah Saints Richard O. Cowan, 177 • --"That Canny Scotsman": John Sharp and the Negotiations with the Union Pacific Railroad, 1869-1872 Craig L. Foster, 197 • --Charles S. Whitney: A Nineteenth-Century Salt Lake City Teenager's Life Kenneth W.
    [Show full text]
  • A Demographic Examination of Household Heads in Salt Lake City, Utah, 1850-1870
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 1988 A Demographic Examination of Household Heads in Salt Lake City, Utah, 1850-1870 Larry W. Draper Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Demography, Population, and Ecology Commons, and the Mormon Studies Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Draper, Larry W., "A Demographic Examination of Household Heads in Salt Lake City, Utah, 1850-1870" (1988). Theses and Dissertations. 4650. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4650 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. A demographic examination OF HOUSEHOLD HEADS IN SALT LAKE CITY UTAH 185018701850 1870 A thesis presented to department of history brigham young university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts C larry W draper by larry wayne draper august 1988 this thesis by larry W draper is accepted in its present fformorm by the department of history of the brigham young university as satisfying the thesis requirements fforor the degree of master of arts rrronaldnaid W walker committee chairman C kaje robrobettrobert C kenzer commifrcektjmember H jyjyjyry date r davi cl C montgomerylmontgomeryjmontgomeryL department graduate coordinacourdinaCoordina 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS
    [Show full text]
  • An Environmental History of the Bear River Range, 1860-1910
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2013 An Environmental History of the Bear River Range, 1860-1910 Bradley Paul Hansen Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Hansen, Bradley Paul, "An Environmental History of the Bear River Range, 1860-1910" (2013). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 1724. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1724 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AN ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF THE BEAR RIVER RANGE, 18601910 by Bradley P. Hansen A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in History Approved: Christopher Conte, Ph D David Rich Lewis, PhD Major Professor Committee Member Robert Parson Mark McLellan, PhD Committee Member Vice President for Research and Dean of the School of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2013 ii Copyright © Bradley P. Hansen 2013 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT An Environmental History of the Bear River Range, 18601910 by Bradley P. Hansen, Master of Science Utah State University, 2013 Major Professor: Dr. Chris Conte Department: History The study of environmental history suggests that nature and culture change all the time, but that the rate and scale of such change can vary enormously.1 During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Anglo settlement in the American West transformed landscapes and ecologies, creating new and complex environmental problems.
    [Show full text]