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An Environmental Streamflow Assessment for the Santiam River Basin, Oregon

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An Environmental Streamflow Assessment for the Santiam River Basin, Oregon An Environmental Streamflow Assessment for the Santiam River Basin, Oregon By John C. Risley, J. Rose Wallick, Joseph F. Mangano, and Krista L. Jones Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Open-File Report 2012–1133 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover: North Santiam River downstream from Detroit Lake near Niagara at about river mile 57. (Photograph by Casey Lovato, U.S. Geological Survey, June 2011.) An Environmental Streamflow Assessment for the Santiam River Basin, Oregon By John C. Risley, J. Rose Wallick, Joseph F. Mangano, and Krista L. Jones Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Open-File Report 2012–1133 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2012 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Suggested citation: Risley, J.C., Wallick, J.R., Mangano, J.F., and Jones, K.F., 2012, An environmental streamflow assessment for the Santiam River basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1133, 66 p. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. ii Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Scope of the Study ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 Purpose of the Report ................................................................................................................................................ 2 Description of the Study Area .................................................................................................................................... 4 Study Framework ....................................................................................................................................................... 6 Streamflow Regulation ............................................................................................................................................... 8 Previous Santiam River basin Studies ......................................................................................................................10 Environmental Regulatory Issues .............................................................................................................................11 Methods ........................................................................................................................................................................12 Streamflow Data .......................................................................................................................................................12 Measured and Estimated Streamflow ....................................................................................................................12 Computed Unregulated Streamflow ......................................................................................................................14 Computed Regulated Streamflow ..........................................................................................................................14 Bankfull Discharge Estimation Methods ....................................................................................................................14 Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration ............................................................................................................................17 Water-Use Compilation .............................................................................................................................................18 North Santiam River ..............................................................................................................................................18 South Santiam River .............................................................................................................................................18 Main-Stem Santiam River......................................................................................................................................19 Pre- and Post-Dam Comparisons .............................................................................................................................19 Streamflow Assessment ...............................................................................................................................................20 North Santiam River ..................................................................................................................................................21 South Santiam River .................................................................................................................................................32 Main-Stem Santiam River .........................................................................................................................................39 Geomorphic and Ecological Synopsis ..........................................................................................................................43 Geomorphic Characteristics of Study Reaches .........................................................................................................44 North Santiam River Channel Morphology ............................................................................................................44 South Santiam River Channel Morphology............................................................................................................47 Main-Stem Santiam River Channel Morphology ....................................................................................................49 Terrestrial and Aquatic Habitats and Key Species ....................................................................................................50 Potential Geomorphic and Ecological Response to Environmental Flow Releases ..................................................51 Future Studies ..............................................................................................................................................................52 Streamflow Data and Analysis ..................................................................................................................................53 Bed-Material Transport Rates and Sediment Budget ................................................................................................53 Detailed Channel and Flood-Plain Morphology Assessment ....................................................................................54 Terrestrial and Aquatic Responses ...........................................................................................................................54 Summary ......................................................................................................................................................................55 Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................................................................57 References Cited ..........................................................................................................................................................57 Appendix A. Streamflow Data Time-Series Extension ..................................................................................................61 Appendix B. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Computed Unregulated Streamflow Data Time Series ............................61 Appendix C. Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration Results ...............................................................................................66 Appendix D. Description of Study Reaches ..................................................................................................................66 iii Figures Figure 1. Map showing major streams and dams in the Santiam River basin, Oregon. ................................................ 3 Figure 2. Diagram showing profile of the Santiam River basin, Oregon. ....................................................................... 4 Figure 3. Map showing geology of the Santiam River basin, Oregon. .......................................................................... 5 Figure 4. Map showing location of study reaches, Santiam River basin, Oregon. ........................................................ 7 Figure 5. Diagram showing dams and selected streamflow gaging stations in the Santiam River basin, Oregon. ....... 9 Figure 6.
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