Functional Validation of Dvabcb1 As a Receptor of Cry3 Toxins in Western
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The Food Poisoning Toxins of Bacillus Cereus
toxins Review The Food Poisoning Toxins of Bacillus cereus Richard Dietrich 1,†, Nadja Jessberger 1,*,†, Monika Ehling-Schulz 2 , Erwin Märtlbauer 1 and Per Einar Granum 3 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Schönleutnerstr. 8, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; [email protected] (R.D.); [email protected] (E.M.) 2 Department of Pathobiology, Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] 3 Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003 NMBU, 1432 Ås, Norway; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] † These authors have contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous soil bacterium responsible for two types of food-associated gastrointestinal diseases. While the emetic type, a food intoxication, manifests in nausea and vomiting, food infections with enteropathogenic strains cause diarrhea and abdominal pain. Causative toxins are the cyclic dodecadepsipeptide cereulide, and the proteinaceous enterotoxins hemolysin BL (Hbl), nonhemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe) and cytotoxin K (CytK), respectively. This review covers the current knowledge on distribution and genetic organization of the toxin genes, as well as mechanisms of enterotoxin gene regulation and toxin secretion. In this context, the exceptionally high variability of toxin production between single strains is highlighted. In addition, the mode of action of the pore-forming enterotoxins and their effect on target cells is described in detail. The main focus of this review are the two tripartite enterotoxin complexes Hbl and Nhe, but the latest findings on cereulide and CytK are also presented, as well as methods for toxin detection, and the contribution of further putative virulence factors to the diarrheal disease. -
Genuity Smartstax Corn: an Amazing Advancement in GE Crop
Genuity SmartStax corn: An amazing advancement in GE crop 05 May 2010 | News Image not found or type unknown Using GS corn as a platform would be a quicker way of enhancing the number of transgenes in a single crop variety The trademarked Genuity-SmartStax corn (GS corn) containing eight transgenes-six for pest control and two for weed control- developed through collaboration between Monsanto and Dow AgroSciences, introduced few months ago, is an amazing development in crop genetic engineering (GE). Incorporated into the best of corn varieties, this event is expected to provide the most comprehensive pest and weed control system available, leading to an impressive crop health and increase of whole farm crop yields. The development of Genuity SmartStax corn from the shaky origins of genetic engineering is a fascinating reading. Genuity SmartStax corn GS corn takes care of the major pests, such as the European and southwestern corn borer, northern and western corn rootworm, western bean cutworm, black cutworm, corn earworm, and fall armyworm and also imparts tolerance to both glyphosate and glufosinate herbicides. In addition, the coming together of two giants in the seed industry will encourage other private-private partnerships to further this initiative. Eight transgenes in GS corn Tolerance to aerial pests (three Bt genes): Cry 1A.105 (Monsanto), Cry 2Ab2 (Monsanto) and Cry 1F (Dow). Tolerance to subsoil pests (three Bt genes): Cry 3Bb1 (Monsanto), Cry 34Ab1 (Dow) and Cry 35Ab1 (Dow). Tolerance to herbicides (two genes): Glyphosate (Roundup Ready, Monsanto) and Glufosinate (LibertyLink, Dow, under license from Bayer). Biosecurity evaluation Transgenic crops are evaluated for product efficacy and biosecurity in the laboratory, green house and in the field for over 10 years before commercialization. -
The Structure/Function of New Insecticidal Proteins and Regulatory Challenges for Commercialization
This is an Open Access document downloaded from ORCA, Cardiff University's institutional repository: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/100278/ This is the author’s version of a work that was submitted to / accepted for publication. Citation for final published version: Moar, William, Berry, Colin and Narva, Kenneth 2017. The structure/function of new insecticidal proteins and regulatory challenges for commercialization. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 142 , pp. 1-4. 10.1016/j.jip.2017.02.001 file Publishers page: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2017.02.001 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2017.02.001> Please note: Changes made as a result of publishing processes such as copy-editing, formatting and page numbers may not be reflected in this version. For the definitive version of this publication, please refer to the published source. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite this paper. This version is being made available in accordance with publisher policies. See http://orca.cf.ac.uk/policies.html for usage policies. Copyright and moral rights for publications made available in ORCA are retained by the copyright holders. The structure/function of new insecticidal proteins and regulatory challenges for commercialization William Moar, Colin Berry and Kenneth Narva Genetically modified crops produced by biotechnology methods have provided grower benefits since 1995 including improved protection of crop yield, reduced input costs, and a reduced reliance on chemical pesticides (Klumper and Qaim, 2014). These benefits have driven annual increases in worldwide adoption of GM crops, with the largest number of hectares being grown in the Americas (ISAAA 2014). -
WO 2019/067496 Al 04 April 2019 (04.04.2019) W 1P O PCT
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization I International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2019/067496 Al 04 April 2019 (04.04.2019) W 1P O PCT (51) International Patent Classification: C07K 14/00 (2006.01) A01N 63/00 (2006.01) C12N 15/63 (2006.01) (21) International Application Number: PCT/US20 18/052788 (22) International Filing Date: 26 September 2018 (26.09.2018) (25) Filing Language: English (26) Publication Language: English (30) Priority Data: 62/563,228 26 September 2017 (26.09.2017) US (71) Applicant: DOW AGROSCIENCES LLC [US/US]; 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268 (US). (72) Inventors: ZACK, Marc D.; 9330 Zionsville Road, Indi¬ anapolis, IN 46268 (US). SOPKO, Megan; 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268 (US). HASLER, James M.; 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268 (US). (74) Agent: RIVAS, Marcos; Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268 (US). (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of national protection available) : AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. -
Appendix 5.3 MON 810 Literature Review – List of All Hits (June 2016
Appendix 5.3 MON 810 literature review – List of all hits (June 2016-May 2017) -Web of ScienceTM Core Collection database 12/8/2016 Web of Science [v.5.23] Export Transfer Service Web of Science™ Page 1 (Records 1 50) [ 1 ] Record 1 of 50 Title: Ground beetle acquisition of Cry1Ab from plant and residuebased food webs Author(s): Andow, DA (Andow, D. A.); Zwahlen, C (Zwahlen, C.) Source: BIOLOGICAL CONTROL Volume: 103 Pages: 204209 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2016.09.009 Published: DEC 2016 Abstract: Ground beetles are significant predators in agricultural habitats. While many studies have characterized effects of Bt maize on various carabid species, few have examined the potential acquisition of Cry toxins from live plants versus plant residue. In this study, we examined how live Bt maize and Bt maize residue affect acquisition of Cry1Ab in six species. Adult beetles were collected live from fields with either currentyear Bt maize, oneyearold Bt maize residue, twoyearold Bt maize residue, or fields without any Bt crops or residue for the past two years, and specimens were analyzed using ELISA. Observed Cry1Ab concentrations in the beetles were similar to that reported in previously published studies. Only one specimen of Cyclotrachelus iowensis acquired Cry1Ab from twoyearold maize residue. Three species acquired Cry1Ab from fields with either live plants or plant residue (Cyclotrachelus iowensis, Poecilus lucublandus, Poecilus chalcites), implying participation in both liveplant and residuebased food webs. Two species acquired toxin from fields with live plants, but not from fields with residue (Bembidion quadrimaculatum, Elaphropus incurvus), suggesting participation only in live plantbased food webs. -
US Department of Agriculture
Environmental Assessment for Dow/Pioneer Rootworm Resistant Corn APHIS’ Analysis and Response to Comments Received on Petition 03-353-01p and the EA. A total of two comments were submitted during the designated 60-day comment period by a private individual and a national trade association. The comment submitted by the trade association supported deregulation of the Cry34/35 Ab1 corn rootworm resistant corn (CRW). This comment stressed the importance of a different mechanism of control compared to the only CRW resistant corn product on the market while providing a new option for managing insect resistance. The commenter also mentioned that this product would provide a wider range of plant protection. The comment in opposition to deregulation of this product was submitted by a private citizen. This commenter expressed a general disapproval of genetically modified plants and suggested that this product should always be regulated. APHIS disagrees with this comment. The author fails to provide any information to support her assertion that this petition should be denied. The commenter also suggested that APHIS extend the comment period, but failed to provide a reason for the extension. Further, this commenter discussed pesticidal issues related to EPA’s role in the regulation of plant incorporated protectants. APHIS defers to EPA on issues related to EPA’s authority. - 2 - Environmental Assessment for Dow/Pioneer Rootworm Resistant Corn USDA/APHIS Decision on Dow AgroSciences and Pioneer Hi-Bred International Petition 03-353-01P Seeking a Determination of Nonregulated Status for Bt cry34/35Ab1 Insect Resistant Corn Line DAS-59122-7 Environmental Assessment TABLE OF CONTENTS I. -
Aedes Aegypti Mos20 Cells Internalizes Cry Toxins by Endocytosis, and Actin Has a Role in the Defense Against Cry11aa Toxin
Toxins 2014, 6, 464-487; doi:10.3390/toxins6020464 OPEN ACCESS toxins ISSN 2072-6651 www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins Article Aedes aegypti Mos20 Cells Internalizes Cry Toxins by Endocytosis, and Actin Has a Role in the Defense against Cry11Aa Toxin Adriana Vega-Cabrera 1, Angeles Cancino-Rodezno 2, Helena Porta 1 and Liliana Pardo-Lopez 1,* 1 Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo, Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62250, Morelos, Mexico; E-Mails: [email protected] (A.V.-C.); [email protected] (H.P.) 2 Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Distrito Federal 04510, Mexico; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +52-777-3291-624; Fax: +52-777-3291-624. Received: 14 October 2013; in revised form: 11 January 2014 / Accepted: 16 January 2014 / Published: 28 January 2014 Abstract: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry toxins are used to control Aedes aegypti, an important vector of dengue fever and yellow fever. Bt Cry toxin forms pores in the gut cells, provoking larvae death by osmotic shock. Little is known, however, about the endocytic and/or degradative cell processes that may counteract the toxin action at low doses. The purpose of this work is to describe the mechanisms of internalization and detoxification of Cry toxins, at low doses, into Mos20 cells from A. aegypti, following endocytotic and cytoskeletal markers or specific chemical inhibitors. Here, we show that both clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis are involved in the internalization into Mos20 cells of Cry11Aa, a toxin specific for Dipteran, and Cry1Ab, a toxin specific for Lepidoptera. -
Knockdown of the MAPK P38 Pathway Increases the Susceptibility of Chilo
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Knockdown of the MAPK p38 pathway increases the susceptibility of Chilo suppressalis Received: 07 November 2016 Accepted: 31 January 2017 larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis Published: 06 March 2017 Cry1Ca toxin Lin Qiu1,2, Jinxing Fan2, Lang Liu2, Boyao Zhang2, Xiaoping Wang2, Chaoliang Lei2, Yongjun Lin1 & Weihua Ma1,2 The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces a wide range of toxins that are effective against a number of insect pests. Identifying the mechanisms responsible for resistance to Bt toxin will improve both our ability to control important insect pests and our understanding of bacterial toxicology. In this study, we investigated the role of MAPK pathways in resistance against Cry1Ca toxin in Chilo suppressalis, an important lepidopteran pest of rice crops. We first cloned the full-length ofC. suppressalis mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38, ERK1, and ERK2, and a partial sequence of JNK (hereafter Csp38, CsERK1, CsERK2 and CsJNK). We could then measure the up-regulation of these MAPK genes in larvae at different times after ingestion of Cry1Ca toxin. Using RNA interference to knockdown Csp38, CsJNK, CsERK1 and CsERK2 showed that only knockdown of Csp38 significantly increased the mortality of larvae to Cry1Ca toxin ingested in either an artificial diet, or after feeding on transgenic rice expressed Cry1Ca. These results suggest that MAPK p38 is responsible for the resistance of C. suppressalis larvae to Bt Cry1Ca toxin. Pore-forming toxins (PFT) play an important role in bacterial pathogenesis and the development of pest resistant strains of crops1–3. Several previous studies have shown that PFTs such as streptolysin O (Streptococcus pyogenes), α -hemolysin (Escherichia coli), α -toxin (Staphylococcus aureus) and Crystal (Cry) toxin (Bacillus thuringien- sis) (Bt) have high toxicity to insect pests4–7. -
TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN Structural And
TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN Fakultät für Chemie Lehrstuhl für Biochemie Structural and biochemical characterization of the YaxAB pore- forming toxin from Yersinia enterocolitica Bastian Loong Wang Yung Shan Bräuning Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät für Chemie der Technischen Universität München zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) genehmigten Dissertation. Vorsitzende/-r: Prof. Dr. Matthias Feige Prüfende/-r der Dissertation: 1. Prof. Dr. Michael Groll 2. Prof. Dr. Franz Hagn 3. Prof. Dr. Michal Sharon (schriftliche Begutachtung), 4. Prof. Dr. Tanja Gulder (mündliche Prüfung) Die Dissertation wurde am 09.04.2018 bei der Technischen Universität München eingereicht und durch die Fakultät für Chemie am 23.05.2018 angenommen. Table of contents Chapter 1 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................. 11 1.1 The enterobacteriaceae: successful pathogens with a broad host spectrum .................... 11 1.1.1 The human pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica ........................................................................ 12 1.1.2 The insect pathogen Photorhabdus luminescens .................................................................. 12 1.2 Pore-forming toxins (PFT) as virulence -
Evolução Do Veneno Em Cnidários Baseada Em Dados De Genomas E Proteomas
Adrian Jose Jaimes Becerra Evolução do veneno em cnidários baseada em dados de genomas e proteomas Venom evolution in cnidarians based on genomes and proteomes data São Paulo 2015 i Adrian Jose Jaimes Becerra Evolução do veneno em cnidários baseada em dados de genomas e proteomas Venom evolution in cnidarians based on genomes and proteomes data Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, para a obtenção de Título de Mestre em Ciências, na Área de Zoologia. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Antonio C. Marques São Paulo 2015 ii Jaimes-Becerra, Adrian J. Evolução do veneno em cnidários baseada em dados de genomas e proteomas. 103 + VI páginas Dissertação (Mestrado) - Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Zoologia. 1. Veneno; 2. Evolução; 3. Proteoma. 4. Genoma I. Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociências. Departamento de Zoologia. Comissão Julgadora Prof(a) Dr(a) Prof(a) Dr(a) Prof. Dr. Antonio Carlos Marques iii Agradecimentos Eu gostaria de agradecer ao meu orientador Antonio C. Marques, pela confiança desde o primeiro dia e pela ajuda tanto pessoal como profissional durantes os dois anos de mestrado. Obrigado por todo. Ao CAPES, pela bolsa de mestrado concedida. Ao FAPESP pelo apoio financeiro durante minha estadia em Londres. Ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, pela estrutura oferecida durante a execução desde estudo. Ao Dr. Paul F. Long pelas conversas, por toda sua ajuda, por acreditar no meu trabalho. Aos colegas e amigos de Laboratório de Evolução Marinha (LEM), Jimena Garcia, María Mendoza, Thaís Miranda, Amanda Cunha, Karla Paresque, Marina Fernández, Fernanda Miyamura e Lucília Miranda, pela amizade, dicas e ajuda em tudo e por me fazer sentir em casa, muito obrigado mesmo! Aos meus amigos fora do laboratório, John, Soly, Chucho, Camila, Faride, Cesar, Angela, Camilo, Isa, Nathalia, Susana e Steffania, pelo apoio e por me fazer sentir em casa. -
Nor Hawani Salikin
Characterisation of a novel antinematode agent produced by the marine epiphytic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas tunicata and its impact on Caenorhabditis elegans Nor Hawani Salikin A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science August 2020 Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname/Family Name : Salikin Given Name/s : Nor Hawani Abbreviation for degree as give in the University : Ph.D. calendar Faculty : UNSW Faculty of Science School : School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences Characterisation of a novel antinematode agent produced Thesis Title : by the marine epiphytic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas tunicata and its impact on Caenorhabditis elegans Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) Drug resistance among parasitic nematodes has resulted in an urgent need for the development of new therapies. However, the high re-discovery rate of antinematode compounds from terrestrial environments necessitates a new repository for future drug research. Marine epiphytic bacteria are hypothesised to produce nematicidal compounds as a defence against bacterivorous predators, thus representing a promising, yet underexplored source for antinematode drug discovery. The marine epiphytic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas tunicata is known to produce a number of bioactive compounds. Screening genomic libraries of P. tunicata against the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans identified a clone (HG8) showing fast-killing activity. However, the molecular, chemical and biological properties of HG8 remain undetermined. A novel Nematode killing protein-1 (Nkp-1) encoded by an uncharacterised gene of HG8 annotated as hp1 was successfully discovered through this project. The Nkp-1 toxicity appears to be nematode-specific, with the protein being highly toxic to nematode larvae but having no impact on nematode eggs. -
Biotechnology Benefits for Corn Production
Agronomic SPOTLIGHT Biotechnology Benefits for Corn Production Many corn products have multiple biotech traits that provide insect protection and herbicide tolerance that promote better plant health, stress tolerance, and yield potential. University of Wisconsin field research trials show that genetically modified corn products (GM) have a number of benefits over conventional corn to help manage downside risk under variable yield conditions and protect yield potential. GM products with insect and herbicide tolerance not only protect corn yield potential, they provide other benefits as well. The large productivity gains in corn production made during the GM corn helped overcome the continuous corn rotation yield last several decades have come primarily from advanced plant penalty that conventional corn experienced during the 2000 breeding techniques and improved corn management of the to 2005 comparison period. crop. Research has determined that about 50% of on-farm yield The University of Wisconsin research shows that farmers gains since 1934 can be attributed to improved management 2 planting GM corn products in a corn-on-corn rotation in 2000 practices. Breeding and management interact as both are had a lower potential risk of low yield (175 bu/acre) than farmers necessary to sustain increased production. Yield stability across using a conventional corn-on-corn rotation (Figure 1). In 2005, a wide range of environments is one of the most important 1 the negative impact of the corn-on-corn rotation was not selection targets for corn breeders. Consequently, improved apparent for GM corn products but was still a problem in stress tolerance for higher planting densities, coupled with conventional corn-on-corn rotation (Figure 2).