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Genealogi Dalam Rangka Penciptaan Serat Darmasarana Karya R. Ng

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Genealogi Dalam Rangka Penciptaan Serat Darmasarana Karya R. Ng AnungHUMANIORA Tedjowirawan, Genealogi dalam Rangka Penciptaan Serat Darmasarana VOLUME 18 No. 2 Juni 2006 Halaman 125 - 138 GENEALOGI DALAM RANGKA PENCIPTAAN SERAT DARMASARANA KARYA R. NG. RANGGAWARSITA Anung Tedjowirawan* ABSTRACT The goal of the writing of Serat Darmasarana by R.Ng. Ranggawarsita is the reception of Âdiparwa and continuation of the story of Mosalaparwa, Prasthanikaparwa, and Swargarohanaparwa. By writing Serat Darmasarana and texts in the Pustakaraja Madya R.Ng. Ranggawarsita intends to place Pengging as a myth, as the central government in Java, after the fall of Kediri. Further, R.Ng. Ranggawarsita also wants to place the Gods and Pandawa as the ancestors of Mataram Kings. Key words: Serat Darmasarana, Pustakaraja Madya, reception, myth, genealogy of Mataram Kings PENGANTAR Wirjosuparto, 1968:355). Sebelum para Pemilihan Serat Darmasarana koleksi Pandawa mengundurkan diri meninggalkan Perpustakaan Radyapustaka, Surakarta No. Ngastina (Hâstina) dalam persiapannya kembali 152 A dan Serat Darmasarana II (transliterasian ke surga, Parikesit ditunjuk dan dinobatkan Yayasan Paheman Radyapustaka, Surakarta) menjadi raja Ngastina menggantikan Maharaja Yudhi hira dalam tulisan ini didasarkan pada keinginan Yudhistira ( ÕÛ ) (Nila, 1979: 27; Zoetmulder, 1995:157). Uraian tentang untuk mengetahui sejauh mana sambut-an penokohan Parikesit yang sangat singkat (resepsi) pujangga besar R. Ng. Rangga- dalam naratif kesastraan Jawa Kuna itu warsita dalam mengemukakan tokoh ternyata sangat berbeda apabila dibandingkan Darmasarana (Parîksit) yang hanya secara dengan pemunculan tokoh tersebut di dalam singkat diuraikan dalam Âdiparwa (Zoetmulder, kesastraan Jawa Baru (Klasik), baik dalam hal 1958:92-97: Juynboll, 1906:48-53), Bharata- variasi penamaannya maupun struktur yuddha (Sutjipto Wirjosuparto, 1968:355-356), naratifnya. maupun Prasthânikaparwa (Nila, 1979:27; Dalam kesastraan Jawa Baru, Prabu Zoetmulder, 1995:157). Parikesit memiliki gelar lain, yaitu Prabu Dalam kesastraan Jawa Kuna, Parikesit Karimataya, Prabu Dipayana, Prabu Yudhis- (Parîk Õti) adalah putra Raden Abimanyu wara, Prabu Mahabrata, dan Prabu Darma- (Abhimanyu) dengan Dewi Utari (Uttarî), putri sarana. Di samping itu di dalam kesastraan dari Wirata (WirâÛa), cucu Arjuna. Sebenarnya, Jawa Baru (Klasik), naratif yang mengemukakan Parikesit telah tewas oleh panah Brahmaœirah tokoh Parikesit selain terdapat dalam Serat milik Aswatama (Aœwatthâmâ) sewaktu masih Darmasarana, juga muncul di dalam karya dalam kandungan Utari, tetapi karena Kresna sastra lainnya, misalnya Serat Pustakaraja (KÏÕÃa) mencintainya ia dihidupkan kembali Madya Jilid I nomor 138 Na, Serat Pustakaraja dan diramal akan menurunkan keluarga Madya Jilid II nomor 168 Na, Serat Pustakaraja Pandawa (Zoetmulder, 1983:332: Sutjipto Madya Jilid III nomor 170 Na, Serat Karimataya * Staf Pengajar Jurusan Sastra Nusantara, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 125 Humaniora, Vol. 18, No. 2 Juni 2006: 125 −138 I nomor 151 Na, Serat Pustakaraja Madya untuk menguasai binatang melata, dan Kasekaraken (Serat Karimataya II) nomor 151 memberikan gelar Prabu Yudhiswara. Prabu Na-B, dan Serat Pustakaraja Madya (Sekar Dipayana kemudian bertemu dan meruwat Resi Karimataya III) nomor 151 Na-C. Naskah- Mregapati menjadi Sang Hyang Gana yang naskah tersebut tersimpan di Perpustakaan kemudian memberikan pelajaran ilmu untuk Sanapustaka, Kasunanan Surakarta (Nancy menguasai berbagai binatang serta memberinya Vol. I, 1981:261-296). Naskah-naskah yang gelar Prabu Mahabrata. Selanjutnya, Prabu tersimpan di Perpustakaan Reksapustaka, Dipayana bertemu dan meruwat burung garuda Pura Mangkunegaran Surakarta antara lain menjadi Sang Hyang Sambo yang kemudian Serat Pustakaraja Madya: Wirabartana nomor mengajarkan cara menguasai bangsa burung D 130, Serat Pustakaraja Wedha (Pustakaraja serta memberinya gelar Prabu Darmasarana. Parikesit) nomor D 106, Serat Karimataya Sesampainya di hutan Bramaniyara, di kerajaan nomor D 24 (Nancy Vol. II, 1981:121-130), Gilingwesi Prabu Dipayana berjumpa dan Serat Parikesit Grogol nomor D 103 dan Serat meruwat tatsaka (ular) penjelmaan Dewi Pustakaraja Parikesit nomor D 108 (Nancy Vol. Swanyana sewaktu mau menelan Prabu III, 1981:493-495). Adapun yang tersimpan di Praswapati (Raja Gilingwesi). Dewi Swanyana Perpustakaan Radyapustaka antara lain Serat kemudian memberikan pelajaran mengenai olah Pustakaraja Madya (No. XV) nomor 202 N, asmara, antara lain Asmaragama, Asmaranala, Serat Pustakaraja Puwara (Serat Daneswara Asmaratantra, Asmaratura, Asmaranadha, dan II) nomor 154 B, dan Serat Pustakaraja Puwara Asmaraturida. Sesampainya di Bengawan nomor 206 (Nancy Vol. IV, 1981:159-169). Lowaya, Prabu Dipayana dibawa seekor buaya Selain itu, di Perpustakaan Museum menghadap Bathara Sindungkara, putra Sang Sanabudaya Yogyakarta juga tersimpan Hyang Ganggastana. Bathara Sindungkara naskah Prabu Parikesit nomor PB A. 55 memperingatkan baginda akan bahaya di (Behrend Jilid IV B, 1989:268). perjalanan kelak serta mengajarkan cara menguasai berbagai binatang air. Di dalam IKHTISAR NARATIF PRABU DIPAYANA pengembaraan mencari ilmu itu, Prabu DAN PRABU YUDAYANA DALAM SERAT Dipayana berjumpa dengan para putri, yaitu 1) DARMASARANA Dewi Sritatayi, putri Prabu Praswapati (Raja Secara garis besar, Serat Darmasarana Gilinggwesi); 2) Dewi Niyata, putri Prabu mengisahkan Prabu Dipayana (Parikesit, Sayakesthi (Raja Mukabumi); 3) Ken Satapa, Karimataya, Darmasarana, Yudhiswara, putri Begawan Sidhiwacana; dan 4) Endang Mahabrata) dan Prabu Yudayana. Dikemu- Sikandhi, putri Begawan Sukandha. kakan di dalamnya bahwa setelah Prabu Pada waktu itu, sepeninggal Prabu Dipayana memerintahkan pasukannya untuk Dipayana, kerajaan Ngastina diserbu Prabu membantu Prabu Satyaka (Raja Dwarawati) Niradhakawaca, raja Ima-Imantaka. Prabu dari serbuan Prabu Kismaka, putra mendiang Niradhakawaca adalah anak Prabu Nila- Prabu Boma Narakaswara (Raja Tarajutiksna), datikawaca, cucu Prabu Niwatakawaca. Prabu Dipayana bermaksud membuat Dalam pertempuran yang sangat dahsyat, pagrogolan untuk berburu. Di sana baginda dengan licik Prabu Niradhakawaca berhasil kemudian meninggalkan pagrogolan secara memperdaya dan membunuh Bagawan diam-diam dengan maksud memohon Baladewa. Sang Hyang Narada kemudian kesaktian dari dewa. Dalam perjalanan, Prabu turun untuk memberitahukan dan meme- Dipayana berjumpa dan meruwat Resi rintahkan Prabu Dipayana untuk meminta Ardhawalika kembali menjadi Sang Hyang bantuan kepada Resi Gurundaya di gunung Basuki. Sang Hyang Basuki kemudian Nirma. Resi Gurundaya kemudian menge- memberikan pelajaran penawar bisa ular, ilmu luarkan Besi Adnyana dari dadanya dan besi 126 Anung Tedjowirawan, Genealogi dalam Rangka Penciptaan Serat Darmasarana itu kemudian kembali sambil membawa Besi Warabasata pun tersesat. Mereka sampai di Aji yang keluar dari pucuk lidah Prabu pertapaan gunung Sadhara dan bermaksud mau Niradhakawaca sehingga memudahkan bagi berguru kepada Dhang Hyang Suwela. Dhang Prabu Dipayana untuk menghancurkan Prabu Hyang Suwela baru bersedia menjadi guru Niradhakawaca dan pasukannya. mereka setelah putra Ngastina itu membunuh Tidak beberapa lama kemudian Prabu Resi Sidhikara di gunung Manikmaya. Keempat Dipayana melangsungkan perkawinan dengan putra Ngastina pun segera ke Manikmaya sambil Dewi Sritatayi, Dewi Niyata, Dewi Satapa, Dewi mengamuk dan membunuh para murid Resi Sikandhi dan Dewi Grendi. Selanjutnya, Dewi Sidhikara. Raden Yudayana segera menjumpai Sritatayi diubah namanya menjadi Dewi dan menyadarkan keempat adiknya itu bahwa Gentang; Dewi Niyata menjadi Dewi Impun; mereka telah diperdaya musuh. Resi Sidhikara Dewi Satapa menjadi Dewi Tapen; Dewi pun kemudian mengajarkan berbagai ilmu Sikandhi menjadi Dewi Puyengan; serta Dewi kepada keempat adik Raden Yudayana. Grendi menjadi Dewi Dangan. Pada suatu Setelah selesai, mereka bermaksud menuntut ketika, para istri Prabu Dipayana itu melahirkan balas dengan menyerbu Gunung Sadhara putra. Dewi Gentang berputra Dewi Tamioyi; sehingga banyak siswa Dhang Hyang Suwela Dewi Impun berputra Dewi Yodi; Dewi Tapen terbunuh. Sewaktu Dhang Hyang Suwela mau berputra Raden Yudayana; Dewi Puyengan melarikan diri dari tangan Resi Sidhikara, ia berputra Raden Ramayana sedangkan Dewi tewas terkena panah Sarotama yang Dangan berputra Raden Ramaprawa. dilepaskan Raden Yudayana. Kemudian, Setelah Raden Yudayana dewasa, Prabu Raden Yudayana bersama adik-adiknya serta Dipayana memerintahnya untuk mengembara Resi Sidhikara pulang kembali ke Ngastina. guna berguru mencari ilmu. Sepeninggal Pada suatu ketika, Prabu Dipayana Raden Yudayana, keempat adiknya, yaitu mengawinkan Raden Yudayana dengan Dewi Raden Ramayana, Raden Ramaprawa, Gendrawati. Empat puluh hari dari perkawinan Raden Prawasata, dan Raden Warabasata, mereka Dewi Gendrawati melahirkan putra menyusul kakaknya. tetapi mereka berselisih bernama Raden Gendrayana. Sewaktu jalan. menimang-nimang cucunya itu, Prabu Dalam perjalanan ke Gunung Manikmaya, Gandaprawa menyatakan bahwa Raden Raden Yudayana tersesat di jalan. Se- Gendrayana adalah penjelmaan Trimurti, yakni sampainya di hutan Tibrasara, Raden keturunan Prabu Brahmaniyuta (Prabu Yudayana berjumpa dan meruwat seekor Brahmanaraja), putra Sang Hyang Brahma harimau dan seekor naga penjelmaan Sang (raja Gilingwesi) keturunan Raden Srigati Hyang Kamajaya dan Dewi Ratih. Sang Hyang (Prabu Sri Mahapunggung), putra Sang Hyang Kamajaya kemudian menganugerahkan Panah Wisnu (raja Purwacarita), dan keturunan Sarotama serta mengajarkan berbagai ilmu Raden
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