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Bhutan Glacier Inventory 2018
BHUTAN GLACIER INVENTORY 2018 NATIONAL CENTER FOR HYDROLOGY AND METEOROLOGY NATIONAL CENTER FOR HYDROLOGY AND METEOROLOGY ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN www.nchm.gov.bt 2019 ISBN: 978-99980-862-2-7 BHUTAN GLACIER INVENTORY 2018 NATIONAL CENTER FOR HYDROLOGY & METEOROLOGY ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN 2019 Prepared by: Cryosphere Services Division, NCHM Published by: National Center for Hydrology and Meteorology Royal Government of Bhutan PO Box: 2017 Thimphu, Bhutan ISBN#:978-99980-862-2-7 © National Center for Hydrology and Meteorology Printed @ United Printing Press, Thimphu Foreword Bhutan is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Bhutan is already facing the impacts of climate change such as extreme weather and changing rainfall patterns. The Royal Government of Bhutan (RGoB) recognizes the devastating impacts climate change can cause to the country’s natural resources, livelihood of the people and the economy. Bhutan is committed to addressing these challenges in the 12th Five Year Plan (2018-2023) through various commitments, mitigation and adaption plans and actions on climate change at the international, national, regional levels. Bhutan has also pledged to stay permanently carbon neutral at the Conference of Parties (COP) Summit on climate change in Copenhagen. Accurate, reliable and timely hydro-meteorological information underpins the understanding of weather and climate change. The National Center for Hydrology and Meteorology (NCHM) is the national focal agency responsible for studying, understanding and generating information and providing services on weather, climate, water, water resources and the cryosphere. The service provision of early warning information is one of the core mandates of NCHM that helps the nation to protect lives and properties from the impacts of climate change. -
Entomological Fieldwork Bhutan May-June 2017
Mission Report Entomological fieldwork Bhutan May-June 2017 Jan van Tol for C. Gielis, F.K. Gielis, W.F. Klein, J. van Tol & O. Vorst (the Netherlands), and Ch. Dorji, P. Dorji, T. Gyeltshen, T. Nidup & K. Wangdi (Bhutan) December 2017 Team Klein in Phuentshogthang From left to right: (standing) Thinley Gyeltshen, Phurpa Dorji, Cheten Dorji, Wim Klein, Oscar Vorst, Tshering Nidup; (sitting) Jan van Tol and Kuenzang Choeda. Internal report of Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands December 2017 |2 Mission Report Entomological fieldwork Bhutan May-June 2017 Contents 1. Introduction 1. Introduction .................................1 Three years ago, the National Biodiversity Centre 2. Participants and contacts ......................2 (Bhutan) and Naturalis Biodiversity Center signed 3. Itinerary, meetings ...........................3 a Memorandum of Understanding for scientific 4. Sampling stations ............................5 cooperation. An important partner for the scientific 5. Costs estimate, visa etc .......................17 and outreach activities was the Bhutan Trust Fund 6. Observations and suggestions for future for Environmental Conservation (Thimphu), which fieldwork ...................................19 provided a grant of USD 150,000 for the period 2014-2016. Although the grant ended by the end of Appendices 2016, but it was decided that further entomological fieldwork was needed, for instance to prepare for the 1. Photographs of localities aquatic insects .......21 next phase which will focus on applied entomology 2. Maps .......................................35 and water quality assessment. Costs of the Bhutanese 3. Permits .....................................41 counterparts for this fieldwork were covered by a grant 4. Memorandum of Understanding ..............49 of Naturalis. 5. Research proposal 2017 .......................55 We would like to thank for support our colleagues in Naturalis (Prof. -
Chapter 5 Spatial Pattern and Environmental Conditions of Bhutan
The Project for Formulation of Comprehensive Development Plan for Bhutan 2030 Final Report CHAPTER 5 SPATIAL PATTERN AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF BHUTAN 5.1 Existing Land Cover 5.1.1 Land Cover in 2010 Collected existing land cover data from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MoAF) was generated by a supervised classification method using satellite images from ALOS AVNIR-2, acquired between 2006 and 2009. The collected land cover data can be broken down into 11 main classes and 15 sub-classes. A list and map of the land cover classes are shown below. Table 5.1.1 List of Land Cover Classes (1) Class Sub-Class Category Symbol Area (ha) % Forests Conifer Forest Fir Forest FCf 183,944 4.74 Mixed Conifer Forest FCm 614,545 15.85 Blue Pine Forest FCb 77,398 2.00 Chir Pine Forest FCc 107,353 2.77 Broadleaf Forest Broadleaf Forest FB 1,688,832 43.56 Broadleaf and Conifer Forest FBc 31,463 0.81 Shrubs - - SH 419,128 10.81 Meadows - - GP 157,238 4.06 Cultivated Chhuzhing Land - AC 31,127 0.80 Agricultural Land Kamzhing Land - AK 69,487 1.79 Horticultural Apple Orchard HA 2,039 0.05 Land Citrus Orchard HC 5,086 0.13 Areca Nut Plantation HAa 984 0.03 Cardamom Plantation HCo 3,398 0.09 Others HO 17 0.00 Built-Up Area - - BA 6,194 0.16 Non-Built Up Area - - NB 330 0.01 Snow Cover - - OS 299,339 7.72 Bare Areas Rocky Outcrops - RR 107,539 2.77 Scree - RS 23,263 0.60 Bare Soils - BS 27 0.00 Water Bodies Lakes - WL 4,751 0.12 Reservoirs - WRe 131 0.00 Rivers - WR 22,563 0.58 Marshy Areas - - MA 319 0.01 Degraded Areas Landslides - DL 6,999 0.18 -
Chakzampa Thangtong Gyalpo
Chakzampa Thangtong Gyalpo Architect, Philosopher and Iron Chain Bridge Builder Manfred Gerner Translated from German by Gregor Verhufen དཔལ་འག་ཞབ་འག་ི ེ་བ། Thangtong Gyalpo: Architect, Philosopher and Iron Chain Bridge Builder Copyright ©2007 the Centre for Bhutan Studies First Published: 2007 The Centre for Bhutan Studies PO Box No. 1111 Thimphu, Bhutan Tel: 975-2-321005, 321111 Fax: 975-2-321001 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt ISBN 99936-14-39-4 Cover photo: Statue of Drupthob Thangtong Gyalpo, believed to have been made by Drupthob himself, is housed in a private lhakhang of Tsheringmo, Pangkhar village, Ura, Bumthang. Photo by Karma Ura, 2007. Block print of Thangtong Gyalpo in title page by Lauf, 1972. To His Majesty, the Druk Gyalpo of the Royal Kingdom of Bhutan, the Bhutanese people and the Incarnation Line of Chakzampa Thangtong Gyalpo. ནད་མ་འོངམ་ལས་རིམ་ོ། ་མ་འོངམ་ལས་ཟམ། Appease the spirits before they turn foes Build a bridge before the river swells Contents Preface ......................................................................................i I. Biographical notes on Thangtong Gyalpo ...................... 1 The King of the Empty Plains.............................................................. 1 Tibet of his times.................................................................................... 6 Thangtong Gyalpo’s journeys to Bhutan ........................................... 8 Fragments from his life’s work.......................................................... 12 Incarnation lineage............................................................................. -
Bhutan Acknowledgments
Biodiversity Acon Plan 2009 Ministry of Agriculture Royal Government of Bhutan Acknowledgments The Ministry of Agriculture extends its deep appreciaon to all the organizaons, both within and outside government administraon, and the individuals within those organizaons for contribung informaon for the preparaon of this document. Special thanks go to all the members of the BAP 2009 Preparaon Team for their endeavor in producing a comprehensive and very informave document. We are also enormously grateful to the United Naons Development Programme for their financial support to the preparaon of this parcular document and for their long-standing and connuous assistance to Bhutan in pursuing environmentally sustainable development policies and programmes. Lastly, we sincerely thank all the people and organizaons who have allowed the use of their photographs in this document. Biodiversity Acon Plan 2009 Copyright © 2009 Naonal Biodiversity Centre Ministryy of Agricultureg Royal Government of Bhutan Post Box 875, Thimphu Consulng assistance: Norbu Samyul Consulng for Environment and Development Design & Layout : Tara Gurung & Singay Dorji Courtesy cover photographs : N Norbu, Sonam W Wang, Tshering Lhamtshok, Sangay Dorji, Ngawang Gyaltshen, Rinchen Yangzom, Nakul Cheri, Bruce Bunng and WWF Bhutan Programme. “Throughout the centuries, the Bhutanese have treasured their natural environment and have looked upon it as the source of all life. This traditional reverence for nature has delivered us into the twentieth century with our environment still richly intact. We wish to continue living in harmony with nature and to pass on this rich heritage to our future generations.” His Majesty the King Jigme Singye Wangchuck i © Nakul Chettri Foreword Over the past decades, loss of biodiversity has become a major global concern. -
Improving Adaptive Capacity and Resilience in Bhutan
Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change (2011) 16:515–533 DOI 10.1007/s11027-010-9277-3 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Improving adaptive capacity and resilience in Bhutan Harsha Meenawat & Benjamin K. Sovacool Received: 21 October 2010 /Accepted: 18 November 2010 / Published online: 2 December 2010 # Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 Abstract Bhutan, a small least developed country in the Himalayan Mountains, faces five current climate change related vulnerabilities: landslides and flooding, deteriorating agricultural production, impoverished forests, worsening health security, and impaired hydroelectricity generation. The country is attempting to adapt to these challenges through two globally sponsored adaptation efforts. One is the “Reducing Climate Change-induced Risks and Vulnerabilities from Glacial Lake Outburst Floods in the Punakha-Wangdue and Chamkhar Valleys” project, or GLOF, a $7.7 million project being funded by the Global Environment Facility, United Nations Development Program, and the government of Bhutan. Another is the GLOF Risk Reduction Project in the Himalayas, or GRRP, a $730,000 program funded by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). These projects offer great potential for improving infrastructural, institutional, and community resilience within Bhutan, but must also overcome a series of pernicious social, political, and economic challenges if they are to succeed. Keywords Bhutan . Adaptive capacity . Climate change adaptation . Resilience 1 Introduction The Himalayan range of mountains is greatly affected by climate change, the most noticeable consequence the accelerated melting of glaciers. As glaciers recede, supra-glacial lakes form which can contribute to the severe risk of uncontrollable flooding. With a geographic area smaller than Switzerland, Bhutan is home to 983 of these glaciers and 2,794 glacial lakes (Nayar 2009). -
Glaciers of Asia— GLACIERS of BHUTAN—An Overview
Glaciers of Asia— GLACIERS OF BHUTAN—An Overview By Shuji Iwata SATELLITE IMAGE ATLAS OF GLACIERS OF THE WORLD Edited by RICHARD S. WILLIAMS, JR., and JANE G. FERRIGNO U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1386–F–7 CONTENTS Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------321 Glacier Distribution and Types of Glaciers -------------------------------------------------322 Figure 1. Map showing river basins and glacier distribution of the Bhutan Himalaya --------------------------------------------------------------------323 Table 1. Total number, area, volume, and average thickness of each glacier type in Bhutan --------------------------------------------------------------323 Figure 2. Photograph showing small debris-free plateau glacier with glacial lakes at the Gangrinchemzoe La in 1998 ----------------------------------------324 Figure 3. Graph showing distribution of the lowest elevations of debris-free glaciers and debris-mantled glaciers in the Bhutan Himalaya ------------325 Glacier Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) and Climate ----------------------------------325 Figure 4. Diagram showing variation of annual precipitation along the Himalaya -------------------------------------------------------------------------326 Glacier Variations ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------327 Figure 5. Diagram showing horizontal distance of glacier-front retreat in the Bhutan Himalaya compared with latitude between 1963 and 1993 -----------------------------------------------------------------------327 -
A Road Map for Bhutan Public Disclosure Authorized
Modernizing Public Disclosure Authorized Weather, Water, and Climate Services: A Road Map for Bhutan Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared in Collaboration between the Royal Government of Bhutan and the World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Modernizing Weather, Water and Climate Services: A Road Map for Bhutan Prepared in Collaboration between the Royal Government of Bhutan and the World Bank The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433, USA May 2015 Disclaimer This report is a product of the staff of the World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2422; e-mail: pubrights@ worldbank.org. Design: Miki Fernández | ULTRA Designs, Inc. Table of Contents Acknowledgements vii Acronyms ix Executive Summary 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 9 Objective 12 Approach and Methodology -
'The Dragon Run', a Travel Memoir of Bhutan with Critical
THE DRAGON RUN, A TRAVEL MEMOIR OF BHUTAN WITH CRITICAL COMMENTARY EXAMINING REPRESENTATION OF THE SELF IN MODERN TRAVEL WRITING TONY ROBINSON-SMITH A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Nottingham Trent University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy October 2015 Copyright Statement This work is the intellectual property of the author. You may copy up to 5% of this work for private study, or personal, non-commercial research. Any re-use of the information contained within this document should be fully referenced, quoting the author, title, university, degree level and pagination. Queries or requests for any other use, or if a more substantial copy is required, should be directed to the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights. 1 THE DRAGON RUN, A TRAVEL MEMOIR OF BHUTAN WITH CRITICAL COMMENTARY EXAMINING REPRESENTATION OF THE SELF IN MODERN TRAVEL WRITING TONY ROBINSON-SMITH Doctor of Philosophy Thesis Abstract The creative component of this dissertation is excerpts from The Dragon Run, a travel memoir recounting the author’s experiences living in and running across Bhutan (2006-2008). Aligning itself with the accounts of contemplative travel writers from the West who have spent extended periods in the Himalayan Kingdom, the memoir is as revealing psychologically and temperamentally of the narrator as it is descriptive of the nature and culture of the host country. However, it differs from these accounts in that a distinction is made between the naive newcomer to the country and the more discerning sojourner. It also contrasts thematically in that the narrator’s reflections engage with themes associated with the Kingdom’s drive to modernise before its first parliamentary election: Gross National Happiness, the ‘Last Shangri-La,’ Buddhist ethics, the value of wilderness and the virtue of raising funds to send village children to school. -
Report on Feasibility Study on Proposed Lhuntse Dungkhar Feeder Road
E-282 VOL. 2 ROYALGOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN Ministry of Communications Division of Roads Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized EnvironmentalAssessment Lhuntse - DungkharRoad Jimba Consultancy Public Disclosure Authorized July 1999 a ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT LHUNTSE - DUNGKHAR ROAD This report was commissioned by the Division of Roads under the World Bank Technical Assistance for the Rural Access Project Jimba Consultancy WogzinLam, above DrukSherig GuestHouse Thimphu,Bhutan Tel.: 009752 325344 Fax:00975 2 325344 P.O.Box:955 July 1999 EA Executive Summary EXECUTIVESUMMARY 1. PROJECTDESCRIPTION * ProjectTitle: Lhuntse- DungkharRoad * ProjectLocation: Stretching from Gangzur - Kurteo Geog, Lhuntse Dzongkhag * Proponent: LhuntseDzongkhag * ImplementingAgency: Division of Roads (DoR), Ministryof CommUnications * FundingAgency: RGoBand the World Bank * Approx.road length: 371 Km * Major bridges: 2 with approx.spans of 45m and 1Om * Approx. cost of constructionby traditional method: Nu. 120 millionor US$ 2.86 million(1 US$ = Nu. 42) * Recommended constructionmethod: Environmentalfriendly 2. LEGISLATIONAND ENVIRONMENTALGUIDELINES * The environmental assessmentof the proposed road project closely followed the National Environment Commission (NEC) Guidelines, more specifically Environmental Sectoral Guidelines,Highways and Roads,February 1999. * Considerationsof the World Bank environmentalguidelines were looked into as conveyed through the Terms of Reference,EA Lhuntse- DungkharRoad. * The land expropriation and compensationwere based on The Land Act of Bhutan 1979, amended in 1998 and Land CompensationRate, 1996. 3. BASELINECONDITIONS PhysicalEnvironment Kuri Chhu is the main river runningthrough the project areajoined by a number of tributaries. Kuri Chhu is not used for irrigating the field or for drinking purposes. Kuri Chhu including other streams is quite clean in winter while in monsoon it goes muddy. The watershed management plan doesn't exist for the locality. -
Regional Hydro-Power Resources: Status of Development and Barriers
Prepared for: USAID-SARI/Energy Program www.sari-energy.org Regional Hydro-power Resources: Status of Development and Barriers Bhutan September 2002 Regional Hydro-power Resources: Status of Development and Barriers Bhutan For United States Agency for International Development Under South Asia Regional Initiative for Energy Prepared by Nexant SARI/Energy List of Abbreviation ADB Asian Development Bank BEA Bhutan Electricity Authority BPC Bhutan Power Corporation DOE Department of Energy Km Kilometer Mw Megawatt MU Million units MCM Million cubic meter RGOB Royal Government of Bhutan SAARC South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation UNDP United Nations Development Program Contents Section Page Executive Summary ………………………………………………………………… iv 1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………. 1-1 2 Background and Justification ……………………………………………………. 2-1 3 Objective of the Report ………………………………………………………….. 3-1 4 Resource Data ………………………………………………………………. 4-1 5 Hydro-power Potential …………………………………………………………… 5-1 6 Current Hydro-power Utilization ……………………………………………….. 6-1 7 Project Under Construction ……………………………………………………. 7-1 8 Potential Upgrade of Existing Projects ……………………………………….. 8-1 9 Future Plan ……………………………………………………………………… 9-1 10 Government Policy on Hydro-power …………………………………………. 10-1 10.1 Royal Government Policy & Plans ………………………………………… 10-1 10.1.1 Self Reliance ……………………………………………… ………. 10-1 10.1.2 Sustainability ……………………………………………………… 10-1 10.1.3 Preservation & Promotion of Cultural & Traditional Values……… 10-1 10.1.4 National Security ………………………………………………… 10-1 10.1.5 Balanced Development …………………………………… ……… 10-1 10.1.6 Improving Quality of Life ………………………………… ……… 10-1 10.1.7 Institutional Strengthening & Human Resources Development……. 10-1 10.1.8 Decentralization & Community Participation …………………….. 10-2 10.1.9 Privatization & Private Sector Development ………………………. 10-2 10.1.10 Environmental Conservation ……………………………………… 10-2 10.1.11 Governance ……………………………………………………….. 10-2 10.2 Energy Sector Policy ……………………………………………….. -
Modernizing Weather, Water, and Climate Services: a Road Map for Bhutan
Modernizing Weather, Water, and Climate Services: A Road Map for Bhutan Prepared in Collaboration between the Royal Government of Bhutan and the World Bank Modernizing Weather, Water and Climate Services: A Road Map for Bhutan Prepared in Collaboration between the Royal Government of Bhutan and the World Bank The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433, USA May 2015 Disclaimer This report is a product of the staff of the World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2422; e-mail: pubrights@ worldbank.org. Design: Miki Fernández | ULTRA Designs, Inc. Table of Contents Acknowledgements vii Acronyms ix Executive Summary 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 9 Objective 12 Approach and Methodology 12 Process of preparation and consultation 13 Organization of the report 14 CHAPTER 2 RISK CONTEXT AND THE DEMAND