Upgrading the world’s Oldest underground Metro – A Signalling Engineer’s View Mike Harvie, Head of Signalling, London Underground TfL Rail & Underground: The network today • 7 modes • 15 lines • Over 430 stations • Over 1200km of track • 1.6 Billion Passenger Journeys/year • Capital programme: £1.6 Bn/year Railway Infrastructure takes time to change 1863 2013 Upgrade plan • Asset renewal: replacing life- expired assets with modern equivalent forms e.g. conventional signalling to CBTC • Capacity: increasing network peak capacity by 30% through line upgrade programme: new trains, track and signalling AND • Stations: rebuilding busiest stations: Tottenham Court Road, Victoria, Bond Street, Bank, Paddington; upgrading others with CCTV and better communication systems Magnitude of demand – London Underground rail journeys take place every day across Rail & 4.8 Underground’s network million of all UK rail journeys are directly provided by Rail & Underground, meaning we not only support 54 travel around London but also connections across percent the country 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 Demand (Passenger Journeys) Service Volume (Train KMs) The TfL Journey Line System Year Docklands Light Seltrac IS from 1995 Railway Jubilee Line Seltrac IS – 30 tph 2011 Victoria Line Invensys DTG-R – 33tph 2011 Northern Line Seltrac IS – up to 30 tph 2014 Hammersmith & City Seltrac IS (Radio) – up to 32 tph 2022 Line 4LM Circle Line Seltrac IS (Radio) – up to 32 tph 2022 District Line Seltrac IS (Radio) – up to 32 tph 2022 Metropolitan Line Seltrac IS (Radio) – up to 32 tph 2022 Piccadilly Line In Tender phase – GoA3/4 TBC Waterloo & City Line In Tender phase – GoA3/4 TBC DTUP Central Line In Tender phase – GoA3/4 TBC Bakerloo Line In Tender phase – GoA3/4 TBC What do we want ? More capacity & Reduced journey times Jubilee line Victoria line Northern line Average journey time Average journey time Average journey time 15.4 13.8 13.4 min min 11.5 11.1 min min min 9.6 min Pre-upgrade Post-upgrade Pre-upgrade Post-upgrade Pre-upgrade Post-upgrade We replaced signalling We replaced trains and We replaced signalling to reduce the average signalling to reduce the to reduce the average journey time by 1 average journey time by journey time by 1 minute and 49 seconds. 1 minute and 31 seconds minute and 37 seconds. This saves the average This saves the average This saves the average commuter 13.7 hours commuter 11.5 hours commuter 12.2 hours travelling time per year travelling time per year travelling time per year Victoria Line Upgrade Jubilee Line Upgrade Delivery – 2010 funding settlement • Thales S40 moving block ATO system • 63 trains • 7th car 1969: World’s first Automatic Railway Now: 650,000 passengers/day • New 47 x 8 Car ’09TS Fleet with onboard • Power, depot signalling (supplied by Bombardier and and many Invensys) other • 43 Trains (Peak) – 31 Trains (Off-Peak) enabling 33% increase in capacity 21% increase in capacity • First ATO-on-ATO upgrade in world • Power, depot and other enabling works works Changes to the railway (Jubilee & Northern lines) • Significant train wiring modifications • In-cab displays introduced • Trackside signals removed • CBTC signage introduced • Inductive loop on track bed • Secondary train detection system Jubilee line - planned migration Original plan • Preliminary “dual-fitted area” (DFA) (J1) • Original plan - 4 small migration stages (J2, J3, J4 & J5) Dual-Fitted Area Purpose: • Provide Train Operators with experience of driving with the in-cab display • Assist with evidence to assure final system Results: • Identified several issues – both technical and human factors • Useful data obtained, but DFA software became more diverged from the final product. Jubilee line – final migration Original plan Final plan • Preliminary “dual-fitted area” (DFA) (J1) • Final implementation – 2 migration stages (J234 & J5) Systems Testing on Jubilee line • Partial line closures at weekends – Large number of them – Inconvenienced large numbers of passengers on a regular basis – Not always used effectively • equipment failures or software errors leading to testing time being lost • logistics planning issues • some weekends ear-marked as available for testing ended up being used for installation • Different approach used on Northern line – (details to follow later in presentation) Final commissioning dates • DFA – March 2008 • J234 Revenue Service - 29th December 2010 • J5 Revenue Service – 26th June 2011 14 Jubilee reliability trends – first 2 years Early Second J5 Reliability Olympics Steady State Days Phase Phase Improvement Realising the benefits Key Lessons Learned • “One Team” approach • Cost of on-railway testing • Challenge of applying new technology to an existing railway with strong existing standards and operating principles. Need to ensure clear, early definition of: - signalling principles - operational requirements • Importance of Stakeholder engagement • Technology challenges • Challenge of large migration areas • Reliability growth before and after commissioning Northern Line – Growth and Demand • Busiest line on the London Underground network with 900,000 customers per day • 6 branches – most complex manually operated railway in Europe • 18.5% growth in demand in last five years Original Northern Line Infrastructure • Fixed block signalling up to 50 years old • Controlled via program machine architecture from 1960s, including hardwired control desks • 106 trains (1995TS) with performance downgraded to match old trains (1959TS) – 1.24 ms-2 acceleration (existing 0.9 ms-2) • Circa 1000 people to be trained Northern Line Closure Plan Old plan (2010) 65 closures, 20 of which were full line 16 months of early closing (Monday – Thursday) New plan (2011) 16 closures, 8 of which are full line 6 partial line closures during Easter and Christmas Sunday late starting from 08:30 Northern Line Migration Areas • 6 migration areas planned • Commissioned as planned (i.e. no combining of areas as on Jubilee line) • New Service Control Centre (covering whole line) commissioned at same time as NMA1 Performance Monitoring: Reliability Objective Groups - ROGs • Suite of tests carried out on parts of the system prior to commissioning into service, typically during normal traffic hours • ROG1 – train systems • ROG2 – loops & wayside • ROG3 – axle counters • Provided proof that the installed system was reliable and that identified issues had been fixed prior to revenue service • Success was measured against criteria generated from the final system reliability requirements ROG2 Output Other tools Virtual test trolley • Allows some basic testing (signal strength, loop layout, etc.) without needing a test train • No need to keep traction current on, so easier access for parallel activities NMA1-6 Commissioning dates: NMA1 – 17/02/2013, NMA2 – 21/06/2013, NMA3 – 25/10/2013, NMA4 – 17/01/2014, NMA5 – 21/03/2014, NMA6 – 30/05/2014 Reliability NL reliability – 28 day average (1st year) 27 NL reliability – 28 day average (2nd year) 28 Northern Line Upgrade: In Numbers The Project in Numbers Assets • 37 New SERs • Appx 350 km of Loop Cable • 2 Change Over Cubicles • 14 Plate Racks Testing Completed • 3500 PICO Tests Cases • 2350 LCT Test Cases • 1550 Data Comms Test Cases • 1020 PLC Test Cases • 1600 VCC Test Cases • 95 SMC Test Cases How have we achieved this • No significant Safety Incidents • 32 Numbers of Project Gate Reviews • 44 SRPs • 39 Weekend closures/possessions • 1000’s of hours of cancelled/ engineering hours 29 Realisation of Capacity doesn’t have to be painful Latest Modernisation: Transforming the Circle, District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines - Learning the Lessons Overview • 1m+ passengers daily • Paddington-Farringdon is world’s • 26% of LU total oldest underground railway (1863) • Makes up 40% of LU network • Trains up to 50 years old (A Stock) • Signalling - some parts from 1920s Peak Capacity Increase Peak capacity increase delivered 60% 50% S ignals 40% 30% 20% S ignals S ignals Trains 10% Trains Trains Met Dis tric t C &H 27% 24% 65% • 1395 cars: 15% more than now •Huge increase in capacity • Air-conditioned trains, LU’s first Met 27% / Dist 24% / C&H 65% • Over 150 of 191 new trains delivered • Major depot, power, platform •32tph in central section (27 now) lengthening works Migration Plan: • Consider risk • Start small • Supporting revenue takes effort • No Cul-De-Sacs Dedicated Test Track Progress – Melton RIDC • The baseline configuration is based on 1xVCC and 2xSCSs with the target radios, axle counters and tags installed trackside. • The guideway is designed to exercise all train modes to ensure that the vehicle interface is fully tested prior to production and revenue service, this is one of the lessons learnt from JNUP. • Dynamic testing with first prototype train began in 2015 (less than 6 months from contract award) • Full system ATO testing has commenced Migration Sequence The Next Generation of Upgrades on the London Underground Network Realisation of Capacity - Again • CBTC will remove the traditional signalling constraints • CBTC will present latent capacity • If not seen early, this will generate a further, post CBTC commissioning, series of further enhancements • Jubilee Line 2 – targeting 36tph with additional trains • Northern Line 2 – seeking to enhance its capacity by 10-15% with additional trains • Victoria Line 2 – minor modifications underway to achieve 36tph (April 2017) Northern Line Mid 2020s – New trains on Piccadilly line >60% +19,000 capacity passenger increase s per hour The Next Generation of Line Upgrades Bakerloo line Central line •25% more capacity • 25% more capacity • 8,000 additional passengers per hour • 12,000 additional passengers per hour Waterloo & City line • 50% more capacity • 9,000 additional passengers/hour Conclusion • London, like many cities is rapidly out-growing its metro, demanding the highest capacity upgrades in difficult brownfield sites. • London Underground has learnt many lessons in applying CBTC solutions. • These lessons are being applied on its largest re- signalling project yet. • These lessons may also help you in your challenges.