DOCSLIB.ORG

Structure and Preservation of Chiton Valves: Resolution of a Taphonomic Quandary

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Structure and Preservation of Chiton Valves: Resolution of a Taphonomic Quandary Bryce A. Peebles A thesis submitted in fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Otago May 2017 Abstract Chitons are marine molluscs common worldwide that form their shells out of aragonite and are rare in the sediment and fossil records. The rarity of chitons in these records is not surprising, as dissolution readily removes aragonite from the fossil record. Yet, recent studies have suggested that chitons have an unusual capacity to resist dissolution, which implies that dissolution does not remove chiton material from the sedimentary and fossil records. The purpose of this thesis was to address this apparent contradiction of chiton preservation. The valve structure and the effects of abrasion and dissolution on eight New Zealand chiton species (Acanthochitona zelandica, Notoplax violacea, Chiton glaucus, Onithochiton neglectus, Sypharochiton pelliserpentis, Sypharochiton sinclairi, Ischnochiton maorianus, and Leptochiton inquinatus) were examined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy were used to determine the mineralogy, ultrastructure, and organic components of chiton valves. The ability of these chiton valves to resist abrasion and dissolution was directly tested by tumbling isolated valves in a rock tumbler for 96 hours and subjecting another group of isolated valves to two treatments of different pH: 8.10 (ambient) and pH 7.70 (projected pH for the year 2100) for 12 days. XRD and Raman spectra confirmed that valves from all analysed species were made of aragonite. The tegmenum was primarily granular and contained one or two carotenoid pigments. The articulamentum was formed by alternating crossed lamellar and spherulitic structures and a ventral-most acicular sublayer. The number of sublayers varied among species, and L. inquinatus displayed a unique crossed lamellar structure in its valves. The valves lost 9- 44% of their initial weight after tumbling, which is unusually resistant compared to other molluscs. Abrasion damaged the tegmentum more than the articulamentum. Valves lost 1 to 5% of their initial weight after 12 days in a pH of 7.70 and less than 1% in the ambient pH control. SEM images of valves in the pH treatments revealed that dissolution damaged the articulamentum more than the tegmentum. While these results suggest that chiton valves are resilent, taphonomic forces do not act in isolation. The two different main layers of the valves are vulnerable to different forces; abrasion will remove the tegmentum and expose the articulamentum to rapid dissolution. Chiton valves are estimated to last about 5 years before being rendered unrecognizable. It is likely that chiton valves require a rapid burial ii event to be preserved since they can be exposed to taphonomic forces for hundreds of years in temperate intertidal and shelf environments. Acknowledgments Both the work presented in the thesis and who I am as a person would be lesser if not for the following people. I must acknowledge them as I owe them all gratitude for their support and would not be where I am, or who I am, today without them. I need to thank my incredible supervisors Abby Smith and Hamish Spencer for their constant academic support, advice, and patience. Thank you to Erin Bowkett for her patience and support throughout the entire journey. Thanks to my parents, Aunt Anitra, and Uncle Jack for their mental and financial support. This journey would have been impossible without these people. Thanks to Geoffrey Smith and Keith Gordon for their advice and expertise on Raman Spectroscopy; to Doug Mackie for his guidance on pH photospectroscopy methods and the proper use of the tris and amp buffers; to Reuben Pooley and Linda Groenewegen for their help with setting up space and tanks for the OA treatments; Rebecca Zitoun for inspiring me with her previous work on chitons; to Brent Pooley for his advice on resin casting, cross-sectioning, and polishing of chitons material; to Liz Girvan for her support and tutelage on proper use of the SEM, and understanding of the sessions that went into the night; to Gemma Kerr and Damian Walls for guiding me through the process of using the XRD. I also wish to thank the Departments of Marine Science and Zoology for their support and my dear friends at Abbey College whom I have had the pleasure of meeting and getting to know over the duration of my studies. Thank you to the members of Destreza Pacifica, Humboldt State Fencing, the Golden Gate School of Arms, and Salle Angelo for keeping me physically and mentally agile during the final stages of the thesis. iii Table of Contents Title Page ............................................................................................................................................. i Abstract .............................................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgments............................................................................................................................. iii Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................. iv Chapter 1 - Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 – Valve Microstructure and Phylomineralogy of New Zealand Chiton Valves ........ 8 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Manuscript ....................................................................................................................................... 9 Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 10 Materials and Methods .............................................................................................................. 14 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 16 Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 24 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 25 Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................... 26 Chapter 3 – First record of carotenoid pigments and indications of unusual shell structure in chiton valves .............................................................................................................................. 27 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 27 Research Note ............................................................................................................................... 28 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 28 Methods ..................................................................................................................................... 30 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 30 Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 33 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 35 Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................... 36 Chapter 4 – Abrasion Provides Clues on a Chiton Taphonomic Conundrum .......................... 37 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 37 Manuscript ..................................................................................................................................... 38 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 38 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 39 Methods ..................................................................................................................................... 42 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 44 Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 49 iv Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 57 Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Some Aspects of the Biology of Three Northwestern Atlantic Chitons

    Some Aspects of the Biology of Three Northwestern Atlantic Chitons

    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 1978 SOME ASPECTS OF THE BIOLOGY OF THREE NORTHWESTERN ATLANTIC CHITONS: TONICELLA RUBRA, TONICELLA MARMOREA, AND ISCHNOCHITON ALBUS (MOLLUSCA: POLYPLACOPHORA) PAUL DAVID LANGER University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation LANGER, PAUL DAVID, "SOME ASPECTS OF THE BIOLOGY OF THREE NORTHWESTERN ATLANTIC CHITONS: TONICELLA RUBRA, TONICELLA MARMOREA, AND ISCHNOCHITON ALBUS (MOLLUSCA: POLYPLACOPHORA)" (1978). Doctoral Dissertations. 2329. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/2329 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image.
  • Risk Analysis: Vessel Biofouling

    Risk Analysis: Vessel Biofouling

    Risk Analysis: Vessel Biofouling ISBN 978-0-478-37548-0 (print) ISBN 978-0-478-37549-7 (online) 15 February 2011 Risk Analysis: Vessel Biofouling 15 February 2011 Approved for general release Christine Reed Manager, Risk Analysis Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Requests for further copies should be directed to: Publication Adviser MAF Information Bureau P O Box 2526 WELLINGTON Telephone: 0800 00 83 33 Facsimile: 04-894 0300 This publication is also available on the MAF website at http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/regs/imports/ihs/risk © Crown Copyright - Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry i Contributors to this risk analysis 1. Primary author/s Dr Andrew Bell Senior Adviser MAF Biosecurity New Zealand Risk Analysis, Marine Wellington Simon Phillips Adviser MAF Biosecurity New Zealand Risk Analysis, Marine Wellington Dr Eugene Georgiades Senior Adviser MAF Biosecurity New Zealand Risk Analysis, Marine Wellington Dr Daniel Kluza Senior Adviser MAF Biosecurity New Zealand Risk Analysis, Marine Wellington 2. Secondary contributors Dr Christopher Denny Adviser MAF Biosecurity New Zealand Border Standards Wellington 3. External peer review John Lewis Principal Marine Consultant ES Link Services Pty Ltd Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Richard Piola Senior Scientist Cawthron Institute Nelson, New Zealand The draft risk analysis has also been internally reviewed by: Liz Jones (Border Standards); Justin McDonald (Post-Clearance); Melanie Newfield (Risk Analysis); Howard Pharo (Risk Analysis); Sandy Toy (Risk Analysis). The contribution of all the reviewers is gratefully acknowledged. ii Contents Page Executive summary 1 Definitions 7 1. Introduction 8 1.1. Background 8 1.2. Scope 13 1.3. References 14 2. Methodology 19 2.1.
  • The Chiton Radula: a Unique Model for Biomineralization Studies

    The Chiton Radula: a Unique Model for Biomineralization Studies

    4 The Chiton Radula: A Unique Model for Biomineralization Studies Lesley R. Brooker1 and Jeremy A. Shaw2 1University of the Sunshine Coast 2Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis University of Western Australia Australia 1. Introduction Over the course of evolution, a range of strategies have been developed by different organisms to produce unique materials and structures perfected for their specific function. This biological mastery of materials production has inspired the birth of the new discipline of biomaterials through biomimicry (Birchall, 1989). Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) are slow moving, bilaterally symmetrical and dorso- ventrally flattened molluscs that are commonly found on hard substrata in intertidal regions of coastlines around the world (Kaas & Jones, 1998). All species are characterized by a series of eight dorsal, articulating shell plates or valves, which may be embedded, to varying degrees, in a fleshy, muscular girdle (Kaas & Jones, 1998) (Figure 1). Approximately 750 living species are known, and while intertidal regions are home to the majority of chitons, a number of species can be found at depths of up to 8000m where they feed on detrital material (Kaas & Jones, 1998). Fig. 1. Photograph of the dorsal surface of the chiton Acanthopleura gaimardi, showing the eight overlapping aragonite plates surrounded by the fleshy girdle, which, in this species, is covered in small aragonite spines. Chitons feed by rasping macro- and micro-algae from the rocks on which they live through the use of a radula. The radula has been coined as a conveyor belt of continuously developing www.intechopen.com 66 Advanced Topics in Biomineralization teeth, replaced by new teeth as they are worn and lost.
  • The Recent Molluscan Marine Fauna of the Islas Galápagos

    The Recent Molluscan Marine Fauna of the Islas Galápagos

    THE FESTIVUS ISSN 0738-9388 A publication of the San Diego Shell Club Volume XXIX December 4, 1997 Supplement The Recent Molluscan Marine Fauna of the Islas Galapagos Kirstie L. Kaiser Vol. XXIX: Supplement THE FESTIVUS Page i THE RECENT MOLLUSCAN MARINE FAUNA OF THE ISLAS GALApAGOS KIRSTIE L. KAISER Museum Associate, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA 4 December 1997 SiL jo Cover: Adapted from a painting by John Chancellor - H.M.S. Beagle in the Galapagos. “This reproduction is gifi from a Fine Art Limited Edition published by Alexander Gallery Publications Limited, Bristol, England.” Anon, QU Lf a - ‘S” / ^ ^ 1 Vol. XXIX Supplement THE FESTIVUS Page iii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 1 DISCUSSION 2 RESULTS 2 Table 1: Deep-Water Species 3 Table 2: Additions to the verified species list of Finet (1994b) 4 Table 3: Species listed as endemic by Finet (1994b) which are no longer restricted to the Galapagos .... 6 Table 4: Summary of annotated checklist of Galapagan mollusks 6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 6 LITERATURE CITED 7 APPENDIX 1: ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF GALAPAGAN MOLLUSKS 17 APPENDIX 2: REJECTED SPECIES 47 INDEX TO TAXA 57 Vol. XXIX: Supplement THE FESTIVUS Page 1 THE RECENT MOLLUSCAN MARINE EAUNA OE THE ISLAS GALAPAGOS KIRSTIE L. KAISER' Museum Associate, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA Introduction marine mollusks (Appendix 2). The first list includes The marine mollusks of the Galapagos are of additional earlier citations, recent reported citings, interest to those who study eastern Pacific mollusks, taxonomic changes and confirmations of 31 species particularly because the Archipelago is far enough from previously listed as doubtful.
  • FONDO INVESTIGACION PESQUERA Bases Biológicas ... -.:: CESSO

    FONDO INVESTIGACION PESQUERA Bases Biológicas ... -.:: CESSO

    INFORME FINAL CORREGIDO FIP Nº 2002-16 Bases biológicas para la evaluación y manejo de metapoblaciones de loco en la III y IV Regiones • Abril, 2005 • REQUIRENTE FONDO DE INVESTIGACIÓN PESQUERA, FIP Presidente del Consejo: Felipe Sandoval Precht EJECUTOR INSTITUTO DE FOMENTO PESQUERO, IFOP Jefe División Investigación Pesquera: Mauricio Braun Alegría Director Ejecutivo: Guillermo Moreno Paredes • Abril, 2005 • JEFE DE PROYECTO JORGE GONZÁLEZ Y. AUTORES JORGE GONZÁLEZ CARLOS TAPIA ALVARO WILSON WOLFGANG STOTZ JOSÉ MARÍA (LOBO) ORENSANZ ANA PARMA JUAN VALERO MÓNICA CATRILAO JORGE GARRIDO COLABORADORES CARLOS CORTÉS CÉSAR GUEVARA CRISTIAN CANALES DOMINGO LANCELLOTTI JAIME ABURTO MARCELO VALDEBENITO LUIS CAILLAUX • Abril, 2005 • INSTITUTO DE FOMENTO PESQUERO / DIVISIÓN INVESTIGACIÓN PESQUERA RESUMEN EJECUTIVO En la III y IV Regiones las áreas de manejo y explotación de recursos bentónicos (AMERB) se han establecido como la principal herramienta de manejo del recurso loco (Concholepas concholepas). Sin embargo, su aplicabilidad para la administración y aporte en términos del desarrollo sustentable, aunque sugerentes, requieren de una evaluación objetiva, en cuanto al manejo de carácter discreto que se ha establecido para cada AMERB, desconociendo la eventual interacción espacial de las mismas. En este marco, se desarrolla una aproximación para evaluar el desempeño de las AMERBs desde una perspectiva integral bajo un enfoque metapoblacional. Si bien, el estudio está orientado a proporcionar la información de campo que permita probar la hipótesis de metapoblaciones en el recurso loco en la III y IV Regiones y proponer un modelo inicial que incorpore las tasas de extinción y colonización de los parches o poblaciones locales. Se debe entender que para el caso del recurso loco, la metapoblación no es un conjunto de “parches” discretos, (concepto asociado al modelo original de Levins), sino a un continuo heterogéneo conformado por zonas de productividad diferencial.
  • Laboratory Reference Module Summary Report LR22

    Laboratory Reference Module Summary Report LR22

    Laboratory Reference Module Summary Report Benthic Invertebrate Component - 2017/18 LR22 26 March 2018 Author: Tim Worsfold Reviewer: David Hall, NMBAQCS Project Manager Approved by: Myles O'Reilly, Contract Manager, SEPA Contact: [email protected] MODULE / EXERCISE DETAILS Module: Laboratory Reference (LR) Exercises: LR22 Data/Sample Request Circulated: 10th July 2017 Sample Submission Deadline: 31st August 2017 Number of Subscribing Laboratories: 7 Number of LR Received: 4 Contents Table 1. Summary of mis-identified taxa in the Laboratory Reference module (LR22) (erroneous identifications in brackets). Table 2. Summary of identification policy differences in the Laboratory Reference Module (LR22) (original identifications in brackets). Appendix. LR22 individual summary reports for participating laboratories. Table 1. Summary of mis-identified taxa in the Laboratory Reference Module (LR22) (erroneous identifications in brackets). Taxonomic Major Taxonomic Group LabCode Edits Polychaeta Oligochaeta Crustacea Mollusca Other Spio symphyta (Spio filicornis ) - Leucothoe procera (Leucothoe ?richardii ) - - Scolelepis bonnieri (Scolelepis squamata ) - - - - BI_2402 5 Laonice (Laonice sarsi ) - - - - Dipolydora (Dipolydora flava ) - - - - Goniada emerita (Goniadella bobrezkii ) - Nebalia reboredae (Nebalia bipes ) - - Polydora sp. A (Polydora cornuta ) - Diastylis rathkei (Diastylis cornuta ) - - BI_2403 7 Syllides? (Anoplosyllis edentula ) - Abludomelita obtusata (Tryphosa nana ) - in mixture - - Spirorbinae (Ditrupa arietina ) - - - -
  • Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) Known from Benthic Monitoring Programs in the Southern California Bight

    Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) Known from Benthic Monitoring Programs in the Southern California Bight

    ISSN 0738-9388 THE FESTIVUS A publication of the San Diego Shell Club Volume XLI Special Issue June 11, 2009 Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) Known from Benthic Monitoring Programs in the Southern California Bight Timothy D. Stebbins and Douglas J. Eernisse COVER PHOTO Live specimen of Lepidozona sp. C occurring on a piece of metal debris collected off San Diego, southern California at a depth of 90 m. Photo provided courtesy of R. Rowe. Vol. XLI(6): 2009 THE FESTIVUS Page 53 CHITONS (MOLLUSCA: POLYPLACOPHORA) KNOWN FROM BENTHIC MONITORING PROGRAMS IN THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT TIMOTHY D. STEBBINS 1,* and DOUGLAS J. EERNISSE 2 1 City of San Diego Marine Biology Laboratory, Metropolitan Wastewater Department, San Diego, CA, USA 2 Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA Abstract: About 36 species of chitons possibly occur at depths greater than 30 m along the continental shelf and slope of the Southern California Bight (SCB), although little is known about their distribution or ecology. Nineteen species are reported here based on chitons collected as part of long-term, local benthic monitoring programs or less frequent region-wide surveys of the entire SCB, and these show little overlap with species that occur at depths typically encountered by scuba divers. Most chitons were collected between 30-305 m depths, although records are included for a few from slightly shallower waters. Of the two extant chiton lineages, Lepidopleurida is represented by Leptochitonidae (2 genera, 3 species), while Chitonida is represented by Ischnochitonidae (2 genera, 6-9 species) and Mopaliidae (4 genera, 7 species).
  • The Malacological Society of London

    The Malacological Society of London

    ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This meeting was made possible due to generous contributions from the following individuals and organizations: Unitas Malacologica The program committee: The American Malacological Society Lynn Bonomo, Samantha Donohoo, The Western Society of Malacologists Kelly Larkin, Emily Otstott, Lisa Paggeot David and Dixie Lindberg California Academy of Sciences Andrew Jepsen, Nick Colin The Company of Biologists. Robert Sussman, Allan Tina The American Genetics Association. Meg Burke, Katherine Piatek The Malacological Society of London The organizing committee: Pat Krug, David Lindberg, Julia Sigwart and Ellen Strong THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON 1 SCHEDULE SUNDAY 11 AUGUST, 2019 (Asilomar Conference Center, Pacific Grove, CA) 2:00-6:00 pm Registration - Merrill Hall 10:30 am-12:00 pm Unitas Malacologica Council Meeting - Merrill Hall 1:30-3:30 pm Western Society of Malacologists Council Meeting Merrill Hall 3:30-5:30 American Malacological Society Council Meeting Merrill Hall MONDAY 12 AUGUST, 2019 (Asilomar Conference Center, Pacific Grove, CA) 7:30-8:30 am Breakfast - Crocker Dining Hall 8:30-11:30 Registration - Merrill Hall 8:30 am Welcome and Opening Session –Terry Gosliner - Merrill Hall Plenary Session: The Future of Molluscan Research - Merrill Hall 9:00 am - Genomics and the Future of Tropical Marine Ecosystems - Mónica Medina, Pennsylvania State University 9:45 am - Our New Understanding of Dead-shell Assemblages: A Powerful Tool for Deciphering Human Impacts - Sue Kidwell, University of Chicago 2 10:30-10:45
  • Chiton (Chiton) Articulatus (MOLLUSCA: POLYPLACOPHORA) DE LA COSTA ROCOSA DE PUERTO ÁNGEL, OAXACA, MÉXICO

    Chiton (Chiton) Articulatus (MOLLUSCA: POLYPLACOPHORA) DE LA COSTA ROCOSA DE PUERTO ÁNGEL, OAXACA, MÉXICO

    INSTITUTO POLITECNICO NACIONAL CENTRO INTERDISCIPLINARIO DE CIENCIAS MARINAS MADURACIÓN GONÁDICA, CICLO REPRODUCTIVO Y TALLA DE MADUREZ SEXUAL DEL QUITÓN Chiton (Chiton) articulatus (MOLLUSCA: POLYPLACOPHORA) DE LA COSTA ROCOSA DE PUERTO ÁNGEL, OAXACA, MÉXICO TESIS QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE MAESTRÍA EN CIENCIAS EN MANEJO DE RECURSOS MARINOS PRESENTA QUETZALLI YASU ABADIA CHANONA LA PAZ, B.C.S., JULIO 2015 SIP-14 BIS INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y POSGRADO ACTA DE REVISIÓN DE TESIS En la Ciudad de La Paz, B.CS,, siendo las i2:Q0 horas del día 18 del mes de Junio del 2015 se reunieron los miembros de la Comisión Revisora de Tesis designada por el Colegio de Profesores de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de CICIMAR para examinar la tesis titulada: "MADURACIÓN GONÁDICA, CICLO REPRODUCTIVO Y TALLA DE MADUREZ SEXUAL DEL QUITÓN Chiton (Chkorí) articulatus (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) DE LA COSTA ROCOSA DE PUERTO ÁNGEL, OAXACA, MÉXICO" Presentada por el alumno: ABADÍA CHANONA QUETZALLI YASU Apellido paterno materno nombre(s2 B 1 3 0 8 4 9 Con registro: Aspirante de: MAESTRÍA EN CIENCIAS EN MANEJO DE RECURSOS MARINOS Después de intercambiar opiniones los miembros de la Comisión manifestaron APROBAR LA DEFENSA DELA TESIS, en virtud de que satisface los requisitos señalados por las disposiciones reglamentarias vigentes. &BRIEL MORENO SANCHEZ INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETAíRÍA DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y POSGRADO CARTA CESIÓN DE DERECHOS En la Ciudad de La Paz, B.C.S., el día 22 del mes lunio del año 2015 el (la) que suscribe BM. QUETZALLIYASÚABA alumno(a) del Programa de MAESTRÍA EN CIENCIAS EN MANEJO DE RECURSOS MARINOS con número de registro B130849 adscrito al CENTRO INTERDISCIPLINARIO DE CIENCIAS MARINAS manifiesta que es autor (a) intelectual del presente trabajo de tesis, bajo la dirección de: DR.
  • Polyplacophora: Chitonidae): First Records in European Waters

    Polyplacophora: Chitonidae): First Records in European Waters

    Zootaxa 3626 (4): 593–596 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Correspondence ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3626.4.14 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:00EE2336-D60C-49A1-BC40-0FAE551F5DB6 Tonicia atrata and Chiton cumingsii (Polyplacophora: Chitonidae): First records in European waters ANDRÉS ARIAS1,2 & NURIA ANADÓN1 1Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas (Zoología), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33071, Spain 2Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] At present, over 300 species of marine alien Mollusca are reported from the European waters (Streftaris et al. 2005; Zenetos et al. 2010). However, only three alien polyplacophoran have been recorded: Chaetopleura angulata (Spengler, 1797), Acanthopleura gemmata (Blainville, 1825) and Chiton hululensis (E. A. Smith, 1903); the latter is considered as “questionable” (Zenetos et al. 2010). These polyplacophoran constituting about 1% of the alien marine mollusc reported from Europe. Here we present the first record of Tonicia atrata (Sowerby, 1840) and Chiton cumingsii Frembly, 1827 in European waters, constituting the first evidence of their presence outside their native range. Furthermore, we give brief notes on the taxonomy and distribution of T. atrata and C. cumingsii, and discuss the potential pathways for introduction to Europe. In Europe, T. atrata occurs together with the well-known alien Ch. angulata; and probably both species have historically been misidentified in collections because both reach large size (> 60 mm) and in many cases the larger size was commonly used to differentiate the presumed alien (Ch. angulata) from the native polyplacophoran of smaller size.
  • | Ocean Life | Vol. 1 | No. 2 | December 2017| | E-ISSN: 2580

    | Ocean Life | Vol. 1 | No. 2 | December 2017| | E-ISSN: 2580

    | Ocean Life | vol. 1 | no. 2 | December 2017| | E-ISSN: 2580-4529 | Essi HavulaEssi photoby Nudibrach Bunakenin | Ocean Life | vol. 1 | no. 1 | April 2017 | ONLINE http://smujo.id/ol e-ISSN 2580-4529 PUBLISHER Society for Indonesian Biodiversity CO-PUBLISHER Universitas Papua, Manokwari, Indonesia OFFICE ADDRESS Research Center for Pacific Marine Resources, Institute for Research and Community, Universitas Papua. Old Rectorat Complex Block III No. 7-8, Jl. Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari 98314, Papua Barat, Indonesia Tel./Fax.: +62-986-212156/211455, email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] PERIOD OF ISSUANCE June, December EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Ricardo F. Tapilatu – Universitas Papua, Manokwari, Indonesia EDITORIAL BOARD Abdolali Movahedinia – Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran Abdul Hamid Toha – Universitas Papua, Manokwari, Indonesia Abdul Malik – Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia Aida Sartimbul – Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia Allison Green – The Nature Conservancy, Australia Analuddin – Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Indonesia Daisy Wowor – Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, Indonesia Eugenius A. Renjaan – Tual State Fisheries Polytechnic, Tual, Indonesia Gerald Allen – Conservation International, Australia Gino V. Limmon – Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia Jacobus W. Mosse – Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia Kadarusman – Sorong Marine and Fishery Polytechnic, Sorong, Indonesia Leontine E. Becking
  • Download Preprint

    Download Preprint

    1 Mobilising molluscan models and genomes in biology 2 Angus Davison1 and Maurine Neiman2 3 1. School of Life Sciences, University Park, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK 4 2. Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA and Department of Gender, 5 Women's, and Sexuality Studies, University of Iowa, Iowa, City, IA, USA 6 Abstract 7 Molluscs are amongst the most ancient, diverse, and important of all animal taxa. Even so, 8 no individual mollusc species has emerged as a broadly applied model system in biology. 9 We here make the case that both perceptual and methodological barriers have played a role 10 in the relative neglect of molluscs as research organisms. We then summarize the current 11 application and potential of molluscs and their genomes to address important questions in 12 animal biology, and the state of the field when it comes to the availability of resources such 13 as genome assemblies, cell lines, and other key elements necessary to mobilising the 14 development of molluscan model systems. We conclude by contending that a cohesive 15 research community that works together to elevate multiple molluscan systems to ‘model’ 16 status will create new opportunities in addressing basic and applied biological problems, 17 including general features of animal evolution. 18 Introduction 19 Molluscs are globally important as sources of food, calcium and pearls, and as vectors of 20 human disease. From an evolutionary perspective, molluscs are notable for their remarkable 21 diversity: originating over 500 million years ago, there are over 70,000 extant mollusc 22 species [1], with molluscs present in virtually every ecosystem.