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Linux at 25 PETERHISTORY H
Linux at 25 PETERHISTORY H. SALUS Peter H. Salus is the author of A n June 1991, at the USENIX conference in Nashville, BSD NET-2 was Quarter Century of UNIX (1994), announced. Two months later, on August 25, Linus Torvalds announced Casting the Net (1995), and The his new operating system on comp.os.minix. Today, Android, Google’s Daemon, the Gnu and the Penguin I (2008). [email protected] version of Linux, is used on over two billion smartphones and other appli- ances. In this article, I provide some history about the early years of Linux. Linus was born into the Swedish minority of Finland (about 5% of the five million Finns). He was a “math guy” throughout his schooling. Early on, he “inherited” a Commodore VIC- 20 (released in June 1980) from his grandfather; in 1987 he spent his savings on a Sinclair QL (released in January 1984, the “Quantum Leap,” with a Motorola 68008 running at 7.5 MHz and 128 kB of RAM, was intended for small businesses and the serious hobbyist). It ran Q-DOS, and it was what got Linus involved: One of the things I hated about the QL was that it had a read-only operating system. You couldn’t change things ... I bought a new assembler ... and an editor.... Both ... worked fine, but they were on the microdrives and couldn’t be put on the EEPROM. So I wrote my own editor and assembler and used them for all my programming. Both were written in assembly language, which is incredibly stupid by today’s standards. -
Debian \ Amber \ Arco-Debian \ Arc-Live \ Aslinux \ Beatrix
Debian \ Amber \ Arco-Debian \ Arc-Live \ ASLinux \ BeatriX \ BlackRhino \ BlankON \ Bluewall \ BOSS \ Canaima \ Clonezilla Live \ Conducit \ Corel \ Xandros \ DeadCD \ Olive \ DeMuDi \ \ 64Studio (64 Studio) \ DoudouLinux \ DRBL \ Elive \ Epidemic \ Estrella Roja \ Euronode \ GALPon MiniNo \ Gibraltar \ GNUGuitarINUX \ gnuLiNex \ \ Lihuen \ grml \ Guadalinex \ Impi \ Inquisitor \ Linux Mint Debian \ LliureX \ K-DEMar \ kademar \ Knoppix \ \ B2D \ \ Bioknoppix \ \ Damn Small Linux \ \ \ Hikarunix \ \ \ DSL-N \ \ \ Damn Vulnerable Linux \ \ Danix \ \ Feather \ \ INSERT \ \ Joatha \ \ Kaella \ \ Kanotix \ \ \ Auditor Security Linux \ \ \ Backtrack \ \ \ Parsix \ \ Kurumin \ \ \ Dizinha \ \ \ \ NeoDizinha \ \ \ \ Patinho Faminto \ \ \ Kalango \ \ \ Poseidon \ \ MAX \ \ Medialinux \ \ Mediainlinux \ \ ArtistX \ \ Morphix \ \ \ Aquamorph \ \ \ Dreamlinux \ \ \ Hiwix \ \ \ Hiweed \ \ \ \ Deepin \ \ \ ZoneCD \ \ Musix \ \ ParallelKnoppix \ \ Quantian \ \ Shabdix \ \ Symphony OS \ \ Whoppix \ \ WHAX \ LEAF \ Libranet \ Librassoc \ Lindows \ Linspire \ \ Freespire \ Liquid Lemur \ Matriux \ MEPIS \ SimplyMEPIS \ \ antiX \ \ \ Swift \ Metamorphose \ miniwoody \ Bonzai \ MoLinux \ \ Tirwal \ NepaLinux \ Nova \ Omoikane (Arma) \ OpenMediaVault \ OS2005 \ Maemo \ Meego Harmattan \ PelicanHPC \ Progeny \ Progress \ Proxmox \ PureOS \ Red Ribbon \ Resulinux \ Rxart \ SalineOS \ Semplice \ sidux \ aptosid \ \ siduction \ Skolelinux \ Snowlinux \ srvRX live \ Storm \ Tails \ ThinClientOS \ Trisquel \ Tuquito \ Ubuntu \ \ A/V \ \ AV \ \ Airinux \ \ Arabian -
Linux As a Mature Digital Audio Workstation in Academic Electroacoustic Studios – Is Linux Ready for Prime Time?
Linux as a Mature Digital Audio Workstation in Academic Electroacoustic Studios – Is Linux Ready for Prime Time? Ivica Ico Bukvic College-Conservatory of Music, University of Cincinnati [email protected] http://meowing.ccm.uc.edu/~ico/ Abstract members of the most prestigious top-10 chart. Linux is also used in a small but steadily growing number of multimedia GNU/Linux is an umbrella term that encompasses a consumer devices (Lionstracks Multimedia Station, revolutionary sociological and economical doctrine as well Hartman Neuron, Digeo’s Moxi) and handhelds (Sharp’s as now ubiquitous computer operating system and allied Zaurus). software that personifies this principle. Although Linux Through the comparably brisk advancements of the most quickly gained a strong following, its first attempt at prominent desktop environments (namely Gnome and K entering the consumer market was a disappointing flop Desktop Environment a.k.a. KDE) as well as the primarily due to the unrealistic corporate hype that accompanying software suite, Linux managed to carve out a ultimately backfired relegating Linux as a mere sub-par niche desktop market. Purportedly surpassing the Apple UNIX clone. Despite the initial commercial failure, Linux user-base, Linux now stands proud as the second most continued to evolve unabated by the corporate agenda. widespread desktop operating system in the World. Yet, Now, armed with proven stability, versatile software, and an apart from the boastful achievements in the various markets, unbeatable value Linux is ready to challenge, if not in the realm of sound production and audio editing its supersede the reigning champions of the desktop computer widespread acceptance has been conspicuously absent, or market. -
Introduction to Free Software-SELF
Introduction to Free Software Jordi Mas Hernández (coordinador) David Megías Jiménez (coordinador) Jesús M. González Barahona Joaquín Seoane Pascual Gregorio Robles XP07/M2101/02708 © FUOC • XP07/M2101/02708 Introduction to Free Software Jordi Mas Hernández David Megías Jiménez Jesús M. González Barahona Founding member of Softcatalà and Computer Science Engineer by the Professor in the Department of Tele- of the telematic network RedBBS. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona matic Systems and Computation of He has worked as a consultant in (UAB, Spain). Master in Advanced the Rey Juan Carlos University (Ma- companies like Menta, Telépolis, Vo- Process Automatisation Techniques drid, Spain), where he coordinates dafone, Lotus, eresMas, Amena and by the UAB. PhD. in Computer Sci- the research group LibreSoft. His Terra España. ence by the UAB. Associate Profes- professional areas of interest include sor in the Computer Science, Multi- the study of free software develop- media and Telecommunication De- ment and the transfer of knowledge partment of the Universitat Oberta in this field to the industrial sector. de Catalunya (UOC, Spain) and Di- rector of the Master Programme in Free Software at the UOC. Joaquín Seoane Pascual Gregorio Robles PhD. Enigeer of Telecommunicati- Assistant professor in the Rey Juan ons in the Politechnical University Carlos University (Madrid, Spain), of Madrid (Spain). He has worked where he acquired his PhD. de- in the private sector and has al- gree in February 2006. Besides his so taught in the Computer Scien- teaching tasks, he researches free ce Faculty of that same university. software development from the Nowadays he is professor in the De- point of view of software enginee- partment of Telematic Systems En- ring, with special focus in quantitati- gineering, and has taught courses ve issues. -
Llicències Lliures I Obertes Autoria: Wouter Tebbens (FKI), David Gómez (FKI) Versió 1.0
Taller de Cooperativisme de plataforma Llicències lliures i obertes Autoria: Wouter Tebbens (FKI), David Gómez (FKI) Versió 1.0 CONTINGUTS CONCEPTES CLAU En aquest mòdul tractem les polítiques per compartir el coneixement i especialment les ● Domini públic pràctiques per fer servir llicències públiques, com ● Tots els drets reservats les obertes i les lliures. Repassem aquesta tradició i ● Llicència pública veiem la seva aplicació en els mons del software, ● Llicències lliures: Copyleft / Permissiu les obres culturals, educatius, de disseny i de les ● Llicències obertes, incl. CopyFair dades. ● Drets morals Els “drets d’autor” són una forma de protecció legal sobre la propietat intel·lectual que donen drets exclusius als autors d’obres que passen un llindar d’originalitat per decidir què es pot fer amb elles. No protegeixen una idea sinó la plasmació d’aquesta. Es distingeixen dos tipus de drets: ● Drets morals o extrapatrimonials (intransferibles, inalienables, no es poden cedir): reconeixement de l’autoria, integritat de l’obra, accés a l’exemplar rar, entre altres. ● Dets patrimonials o d’explotació (transferibles, es poden cedir): reproducció, comunicació pública, transformació. L’autor pot cedir els drets patrimonials de forma exclusiva o parcial a tercers a través d’un contracte o cedint-los a una societat de gestió de drets. Una altra manera és acompanyar l’obra amb un permís d’ús o llicència pública. En el context d’una producció col·laborativa en xarxa la necessitat de negociar la cessió amb cada autor d’una contribució o amb el titular a qui aquest ha cedit els drets fa inviable el procés de co-producció, fins i tot si no hi ha retribució, ja que cal contactar, negociar i elaborar contractes costosos. -
GNU/Linux Distro Timeline LEAF Version 10.9 Skolelinux Lindows Linspire Authors: A
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Libranet Omoikane (Arma) Gibraltar GNU/Linux distro timeline LEAF Version 10.9 Skolelinux Lindows Linspire Authors: A. Lundqvist, D. Rodic - futurist.se/gldt Freespire Published under the GNU Free Documentation License MEPIS SimplyMEPIS Impi Guadalinex Clonezilla Live Edubuntu Xubuntu gNewSense Geubuntu OpenGEU Fluxbuntu Eeebuntu Aurora OS Zebuntu ZevenOS Maryan Qimo wattOS Element Jolicloud Ubuntu Netrunner Ylmf Lubuntu eBox Zentyal Ubuntu eee Easy Peasy CrunchBang gOS Kiwi Ubuntulite U-lite Linux Mint nUbuntu Kubuntu Ulteo MoLinux BlankOn Elive OS2005 Maemo Epidemic sidux PelicanHPC Inquisitor Canaima Debian Metamorphose Estrella Roja BOSS PureOS NepaLinux Tuquito Trisquel Resulinux BeatriX grml DeadCD Olive Bluewall ASLinux gnuLiNex DeMuDi Progeny Quantian DSL-N Damn Small Linux Hikarunix Damn Vulnerable Linux Danix Parsix Kanotix Auditor Security Linux Backtrack Bioknoppix Whoppix WHAX Symphony OS Knoppix Musix ParallelKnoppix Kaella Shabdix Feather KnoppMyth Aquamorph Dreamlinux Morphix ZoneCD Hiwix Hiweed Deepin Kalango Kurumin Poseidon Dizinha NeoDizinha Patinho Faminto Finnix Storm Corel Xandros Moblin MeeGo Bogus Trans-Ameritech Android Mini Monkey Tinfoil Hat Tiny Core Yggdrasil Linux Universe Midori Quirky TAMU DILINUX DOSLINUX Mamona Craftworks BluePoint Yoper MCC Interim Pardus Xdenu EnGarde Puppy Macpup SmoothWall GPL SmoothWall Express IPCop IPFire Beehive Paldo Source Mage Sorcerer Lunar eIT easyLinux GoboLinux GeeXboX Dragora -
Open Networks Author: Diarmuid Ó Briain 2 Open Networks
Open Networks Author: Diarmuid Ó Briain 2 Open Networks Diarmuid Ó Briain Diarmuid is a Chartered Engineer (CEng) with experience in Telecommunications, Information Networking and Security. He has designed and implemented next-generation networks and information security solutions for major multi- national communications companies as well as an Irish Internet Service Provider. He has also lectured on Telecommunications and Computing programmes at the Lifelong Learning Department of the Institute of Technology, Carlow (ITC) in Ireland. Second edition: April 2015 ã Diarmuid Ó Briain All rights are reserved ã of this edition, Diarmuid Ó Briain Copyright © 2015 Diarmuid Ó Briain. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". ISBN-13: 978-1512135145 ISBN-10: 1512135143 v2.0.3 Diarmuid O'Briain Free Technology Academy Open Networks 3 Preface Software has become a strategic societal resource in the last few decades. The emergence of Free Software, which has entered in major sectors of the Information ICT market, is drastically changing the economics of software development and usage. Free Software – sometimes also referred to as “Open Source” or “Libre Software” – can be used, studied, copied, modified and distributed freely. It offers the freedom to learn and to teach without engaging in dependencies on any single technology provider. These freedoms are considered a fundamental precondition for sustainable development and an inclusive information society. -
Shared QA for Producing Free Educational Materials at the FTA
Shared QA for Producing Free Educational Materials at the FTA Frans Mofers1, Wouter Tebbens2, Hanneke Potters1, and Lex Bijlsma1 1 Open Universiteit, Valkenburgerweg 177, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands 2 Free Knowledge Institute, Minahassastraat 1,203, 1094 RS Amsterdam 1 Introduction The emergence of Free Technologies such as Free Software and Open Standards has led to an increasing demand for skilled specialists, while few academic pro- grammes exists to prepare people. The Free Technology Academy (FTA) was set up to address this need. In this article we will in particular show the need for shared development and shared quality assurance. The authors sustain that lessons can be learnt from such shared efforts, which are particularly relevant for the advance of Open Educational Resources in general, their move from in- house produced and run educational objects towards peer produced materials and online learning networks. The FTA shows how this can be done in the field of Computer Science and invites interested participants to join the debate and participate in its multiple open futures. 2 The Free Technology Academy 2.1 Need for Education on Free Technology Software has become a strategic societal resource in the last few decades. The emergence of Free Technologies, such as Free Software and Open Standards, are drastically changing the economics of software development and usage, but most educational programmes in Computer Science and other related fields do not reflect this reality. In contrast to proprietary software, Free Software (FS) [1] { also referred to as `Libre Software' or `Open Source Software' [2] { can be used, copied, studied, modified and redistributed freely. -
Economics and the Common(S)
Organisers Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung e.V. Commons Strategies Group Schumannstr. 8, 10117 Berlin http://www.bollier.org (David Bollier) Economics and the Common(s): T +49 (0)30 285 34-0 http://commonsblog.wordpress.com (Silke Helfrich) F +49 (0)30 285 34-109 http://p2pfoundation.net (Michel Bauwens) From Seed Form to Core Paradigm E [email protected] www.boell.de Exploring New Ideas, Practices and Alliances Berlin, Germany, May 22 – 24, 2013 Partners in Cooperation Remix the Commons Communautique 65 De Castelnau Ouest, suite 202 http://remixthecommons.org Montréal, Québec, Alain Ambrosi: [email protected] H2R 2W3, CANADA Frédéric Sultan: [email protected] Fondation Charles Léopold Mayer pour le Progrès de l'Homme Bureau de Lausanne: Bureau de Paris: Avenue Charles Dickens, 6 38, rue St Sabin 1006 Lausanne - Suisse 75011 Paris - France T +41 (0)21 342 50 10 T +33 (0)1 43 14 75 75 F +41 (0)21 342 50 11 F +33 (0)1 43 14 75 99 E [email protected] E [email protected] www.fph.ch Stream 5: Treating Knowledge, Culture and Science as Commons as Science and Culture Knowledge, Treating 5: Stream Stream 4: Commoneering Money, Markets and Value and Markets Money, Commoneering 4: Stream Stream 3: New Infrastructures for Commoning by Design by Commoning for Infrastructures New 3: Stream Stream 2: Doing Away with Labor: Working and Caring in a World of Commons of World a in Caring and Working Labor: with Away Doing 2: Stream Stream 1: Integrating Theory and Practice in the Management of Natural Commons Natural of Management the in Practice and Theory Integrating -
Techno-Social Platform for Sustainable Models and Value Generation in Commons-Based Peer Production in the Future Internet
P2Pvalue Deliverable 1.2 P2Pvalue – Techno-social platform for sustainable models and value generation in commons-based peer production in the Future Internet Programme: FP7-ICT-2013-10 Project: 610961 Start date: 2013-10-01 Duration: 36 months Deliverable D1.2 [Theoretical synthesis: Final theoretical synthesis of WP1, including research reports on data collection] Submission date: 2014-07-31 Organisation name of lead contractor for this deliverable: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona I P2Pvalue Deliverable 1.2 Dissemination Status PU Public x PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) ii P2Pvalue Deliverable 1.2 Document information 1.1 Author(s) -(in alphabetic order and by partners) Author Organisation E-mail Primavera De Filippi CNRS [email protected] Melanie Dulong de CNRS [email protected] Rosnay Francesca Musiani CNRS [email protected] Ignasi Capdevila P2PF [email protected] Marco Berlinguer Universitat [email protected] Autonoma de Barcelona (IGOP) Mayo Fuster Morell Universitat [email protected] (Deliverable and WP Autonoma de coordinator) Barcelona (IGOP) Jorge L Salcedo Universitat [email protected] Autonoma de Barcelona (IGOP) Wouter Tebbens Universitat [email protected] Autonoma de Barcelona (IGOP) Adam Arvidsson UMIL [email protected] Alessandro UMIL [email protected] -
A European Initiative for Distance Education About Free Software and Open Standards∗
Free Technology Academy: a European initiative for distance education about Free Software and Open Standards∗ David Megías Wouter Tebbens Estudis d’Informàtica, Free Knowledge Institute Multimèdia i Telecomunicació Wibautstraat 150 Universitat Oberta de 1091 GR Amsterdam, The Catalunya Netherlands Rambla del Poblenou 156 [email protected] 08018 Barcelona, Spain [email protected] Lex Bijlsma Francesc Santanach School of Computer Science Tecnologia Educativa Open Universiteit Nederland Universitat Oberta de Valkenburgerweg 177 Catalunya 6419 AT Heerlen, The Av. Tibidabo 45-47 Netherlands 08035 Barcelona, Spain [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Keywords More and more people and organisations embrace Free Soft- Virtual Campus, Free Software, Open Standards, Distance ware (FS) and Open Standards (OS). However a lack of Education, Open Educational Resources knowledge holds back their massive adoption. The Free Technology Academy will address this by setting up a virtual 1. INTRODUCTION campus offering course modules on these topics to become a showcase of a virtual campus based on FS, OS and the use Software has become a strategic societal resource in the of Open Educational Resources. This distance learning pro- last few decades. The emergence of Free Software (FS) and gramme will enable IT professionals, students, teachers and Open Standards (OS) is drastically changing the economics decision makers to upgrade knowledge and acquire relevant of software development and usage. skills on free technologies. The FTA is realised by an inter- In contrast to most proprietary software, Free Software national consortium and welcomes other interested parties [15] {also known as \Libre Software" or \Open Source Soft- to join the network. -
Sharing Cities
se en Sharing Cities Mayo Fuster Morell (ed.) A worldwide cities overview Mayo Fuster Morell is the director of Dimmons research group on socio on platform economy policies economical innovation at the Internet Sharing Cities Interdisciplinary Institute of the Open with a focus on Barcelona University of Catalonia. Additionally, A worldwide cities overview she is faculty affiliated at the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University, and is promoter of Procomuns on platform economy policies Forum for the cocreation of policies of the collaborative economy, and BarCola a Barcelona note on commons oriented “Beyond the controversial and unethical uni- with a focus on Barcelona The platform economy is a modality of economic production me- platform economy. corn economy platforms, an alternative mo- diated by a digital platform. It is growing exponentially, and has del of sharing-oriented platform economy Mayo Fuster Morell (ed.) exists based on the democratic qualities of become a top priority for governments around the globe for the procommon.” disrupting impact it is creating in cities, as well as for the oppor- Dimmons Research Group Mayo Fuster Morell (ed.) tunities it is opening up for the scalability of more sustainable and Dimmons Research Group democratic economic models. The book provides an overview of current policy reactions and public innovations by cities in the Dimmons Research Group field; a quality balance of platforms, which allows to differentiate Dimmons is a research group part of the Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3) at models; and, a focus on Barcelona as a reference model for its vi- the Open University of Catalonia (UOC).