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Open Networks Author: Diarmuid Ó Briain 2 Open Networks Open Networks Author: Diarmuid Ó Briain 2 Open Networks Diarmuid Ó Briain Diarmuid is a Chartered Engineer (CEng) with experience in Telecommunications, Information Networking and Security. He has designed and implemented next-generation networks and information security solutions for major multi- national communications companies as well as an Irish Internet Service Provider. He has also lectured on Telecommunications and Computing programmes at the Lifelong Learning Department of the Institute of Technology, Carlow (ITC) in Ireland. Second edition: April 2015 ã Diarmuid Ó Briain All rights are reserved ã of this edition, Diarmuid Ó Briain Copyright © 2015 Diarmuid Ó Briain. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". ISBN-13: 978-1512135145 ISBN-10: 1512135143 v2.0.3 Diarmuid O'Briain Free Technology Academy Open Networks 3 Preface Software has become a strategic societal resource in the last few decades. The emergence of Free Software, which has entered in major sectors of the Information ICT market, is drastically changing the economics of software development and usage. Free Software – sometimes also referred to as “Open Source” or “Libre Software” – can be used, studied, copied, modified and distributed freely. It offers the freedom to learn and to teach without engaging in dependencies on any single technology provider. These freedoms are considered a fundamental precondition for sustainable development and an inclusive information society. Although there is a growing interest in free technologies (including Free Software and Open Standards), still a limited number of people have sufficient knowledge and expertise in these fields. The FTA attempts to respond to this demand. Introduction to the FTA The Free Technology Academy (FTA) is a joint initiative from several educational institutes in various countries. It aims to contribute to a society that permits all users to study, participate and build upon existing knowledge without restrictions. What does the FTA offer? The Academy offers an online master level programme with course modules about Free Technologies. Learners can choose to enrol in an individual course or register for the whole programme. Tuition takes place online in the FTA virtual campus and is performed by teaching staff from partner universities. Credits obtained in the FTA programme are recognised by these universities. See http://ftacademy.org/courses/recognition Who is behind the FTA? The FTA was initiated in 2008 supported by the Life Long Learning Programme (LLP) of the European Commission, under the coordination of the Free Knowledge Institute (FKI) and in partnership with three European universities: Open Universiteit Nederland (The Netherlands), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (Spain) and University of Agder (Norway). Since 2012 the FTA has continued hosted by the Free Knowledge Institute in collaboration with its Partner Network and community of volunteers. http://ftacademy.org/about/partners For who is the FTA? The Free Technology Academy is specially oriented to IT professionals, educators, students and decision makers. Free Technology Academy Diarmuid O'Briain 4 Open Networks What about the licensing? All learning materials used in and developed by the FTA are Open Educational Resources, published under copyleft free licenses that allow them to be freely used, modified and redistributed. Similarly, the software used in the FTA virtual campus and in its courses is Free Software and is built upon an Open Standards framework. Evolution of this book The original course was developed by Enric Peig Olivé of the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) together with LibreSoft staff from the Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. Since its publication in 2010 there have been significant changes in networking and this Second version of the course aims to address this change. Participation Users of FTA learning materials are encouraged to provide feedback and make suggestions for improvement. A specific space for this feedback is set up on the FTA website. These inputs will be taken into account for next versions. Moreover, the FTA welcomes anyone to use and distribute this material as well as to make new versions and translations. See for specific and updated information about the book, http://ftacademy.org/materials/fsm/3. For more information and enrolment in the FTA online course programme, please visit the Academy's website: http://ftacademy.org/. I sincerely hope this course book helps you in your personal learning process and helps you to help others in theirs. I look forward to see you in the free knowledge and free technology movements! Happy learning! Wouter Tebbens President of the Free Knowledge Institute Diarmuid O'Briain Free Technology Academy Open Networks 5 Table of Contents 1. Networking Device...............................................................................................................11 1.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................11 1.1.1 Minibian..................................................................................................................12 1.1.2 Add SWAP partition................................................................................................15 1.1.3 Update and upgrade................................................................................................15 1.1.4 Set-up users.............................................................................................................15 1.1.5 Set-up locale...........................................................................................................16 1.1.6 Set-up hostname......................................................................................................16 1.2 mactelnet........................................................................................................................17 1.2.1 Install mactelnet on GNU/Linux............................................................................17 1.2.2 Create user..............................................................................................................17 1.2.3 Set default IP address..............................................................................................18 1.2.4 Running a server on your GNU/Linux Server........................................................18 1.2.5 Accessing the server...............................................................................................18 1.2.6 mactelnet frames.....................................................................................................19 1.3 Additional Interface........................................................................................................21 1.3.1 DHCP request on new interface..............................................................................21 1.3.2 Default gateway to eth2..........................................................................................22 1.3.3 Test routing.............................................................................................................22 2. Network Simulation..............................................................................................................23 2.1 Getting started................................................................................................................23 2.2 Operating the CORE environment.................................................................................24 3. Networking............................................................................................................................27 3.1 Introduction to Network Administration........................................................................27 3.2 Introduction to TCP/IP (TCP/IP suite)...........................................................................28 3.2.1 Services on TCP/IP.................................................................................................29 3.2.2 What is TCP/IP?.....................................................................................................30 3.3 Physical network devices (hardware).............................................................................31 3.3.1 Copper....................................................................................................................31 3.3.2 Fibre Optic..............................................................................................................32 3.3.3 Wireless...................................................................................................................33 3.4 GNU/Linux interface......................................................................................................34 3.5 TCP/IP Concepts............................................................................................................36 4. Switching..............................................................................................................................41 4.1 Bridging and Switching..................................................................................................41 4.1.1 Why use Bridges.....................................................................................................42
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