DOCSLIB.ORG

Evolution of the Streptomycin and Viomycin Biosynthetic Clusters and Resistance Genes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evolution of the Streptomycin and Viomycin Biosynthetic Clusters and Resistance Genes University of Warwick institutional repository: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap/2773 This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. Evolution of the streptomycin and viomycin biosynthetic clusters and resistance genes Paris Laskaris, B.Sc. (Hons.) A thesis submitted to the University of Warwick for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL September 2009 Contents List of Figures ........................................................................................................................ vi List of Tables ....................................................................................................................... xvi Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................ xx Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. xxi Declaration .......................................................................................................................... xxii Abstract .............................................................................................................................. xxiii 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Antibiotic function and resistance ........................................................................... 1 1.2 Streptomycin ........................................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Streptomycin function ..................................................................................... 4 1.2.2 Streptomycin production ................................................................................. 6 1.2.3 Streptomycin resistance .................................................................................. 7 1.3 Viomycin............................................................................................................... 11 1.3.1 Viomycin function ........................................................................................ 12 1.3.2 Viomycin production .................................................................................... 14 1.3.3 Viomycin resistance ...................................................................................... 15 1.4 Streptomyces genus ............................................................................................... 16 1.4.1 Streptomyces morphology and genetics........................................................ 16 1.4.2 Streptomycete ecology .................................................................................. 18 1.4.3 Streptomycete phylogeny .............................................................................. 20 1.5 Aims and objectives .............................................................................................. 23 2 Materials and Methods .................................................................................................. 24 2.1 Media and Buffers ................................................................................................. 24 2.2 Growth, Storage and DNA acquisition from Streptomyces strains ....................... 26 2.2.1 Preparation and storage of spore suspensions ............................................... 26 2.2.2 Determination of antibiotic resistance level .................................................. 26 2.2.3 Determination of phenotype .......................................................................... 27 2.2.4 Growth and extraction of DNA ..................................................................... 27 2.2.5 Agarose Gel Electrophoresis ......................................................................... 28 2.3 Gene amplification and sequencing ...................................................................... 28 2.3.1 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) ............................................................... 28 2.3.2 Purification of PCR products ........................................................................ 28 2.3.3 Cloning of PCR products .............................................................................. 29 ii 2.3.4 DNA Sequencing and Analysis ..................................................................... 29 2.4 Fosmid library construction and screening ........................................................... 30 2.4.1 Isolation of high molecular weight Streptomyces DNA................................ 30 2.4.2 Ligation into vector and transformation ........................................................ 30 2.4.3 Screening of library and sequencing ............................................................. 31 2.4.4 Creation and screening of orgy prep ............................................................. 31 2.5 Antibiotic production assay .................................................................................. 32 2.6 Gene detection from soil samples ......................................................................... 32 2.6.1 Estimation of water content .......................................................................... 32 2.6.2 Preparation of soil microcosms ..................................................................... 33 2.6.3 Preparation of seeded soil microcosms ......................................................... 33 2.6.4 DNA extraction from soil ............................................................................. 33 2.6.5 Amplification and cloning of target gene ...................................................... 34 2.7 RT real-time PCR ................................................................................................. 34 2.7.1 Preparation of high-density spore suspension ............................................... 34 2.7.2 Growth and sampling .................................................................................... 34 2.7.3 RNA extraction and DNA removal ............................................................... 35 2.7.4 Reverse transcription..................................................................................... 36 2.7.5 Real-time PCR .............................................................................................. 36 2.7.6 Data analysis ................................................................................................. 37 3 Distribution of the streptomycin cluster, strA resistance gene and other secondary metabolite genes in the genus Streptomyces ......................................................................... 39 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 39 3.2 Aims ...................................................................................................................... 40 3.3 Results ................................................................................................................... 40 3.3.1 Screening of eight previously isolated strains containing strA for other streptomycin genes ........................................................................................................ 40 3.3.2 Screening of other streptomycete isolates for streptomycin resistance ......... 43 3.3.3 Screening of streptomycete isolates for streptomycin cluster genes ............. 44 3.3.4 Analysis of the phylogeny of partial strA nucleotide sequences ................... 49 3.3.5 Analysis of the phylogeny of partial strA translated nucleotide sequences .. 51 3.3.6 Analysis of the amino acid sequence of StrA ............................................... 53 3.3.7 Phylogeny of the strW biosynthetic gene ...................................................... 56 3.3.8 Screening for alternate resistance mechanisms ............................................. 57 3.3.9 Screening for viomycin biosynthetic and resistance genes ........................... 60 3.3.10 Screening for other secondary metabolite genes ........................................... 66 iii 3.4 Discussion ............................................................................................................. 75 4 Investigation of the chromosomal location of the streptomycin cluster and strA gene in soil isolates ............................................................................................................................ 83 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 83 4.2 Aims ...................................................................................................................... 84 4.3 Results ................................................................................................................... 84 4.3.1 AR23 flanking regions .................................................................................. 84 4.3.2 CR50 flanking regions .................................................................................. 86 4.3.3 CR50 streptomycin cluster ...........................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Isolation of a Novel Streptomyces Sp. CJ13 from a Traditional Irish Folk Medicine Alkaline Grassland Soil That Inhibits Multiresistant Pathogens and Yeasts
    applied sciences Article The Isolation of a Novel Streptomyces sp. CJ13 from a Traditional Irish Folk Medicine Alkaline Grassland Soil that Inhibits Multiresistant Pathogens and Yeasts Gerry A. Quinn 1,* , Alyaa M. Abdelhameed 2, Nada K. Alharbi 3, Diego Cobice 1 , Simms A. Adu 1 , Martin T. Swain 4, Helena Carla Castro 5, Paul D. Facey 6, Hamid A. Bakshi 7 , Murtaza M. Tambuwala 7 and Ibrahim M. Banat 1 1 School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK; [email protected] (D.C.); [email protected] (S.A.A.); [email protected] (I.M.B.) 2 Department of Biotechnology, University of Diyala, Baqubah 32001, Iraq; [email protected] 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11568, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 4 Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Ab-erystwyth, Wales SY23 3EE, UK; [email protected] 5 Instituto de Biologia, Rua Outeiro de São João Batista, s/nº Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil; [email protected] 6 Institute of Life Science, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, UK; [email protected] 7 School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK; [email protected] (H.A.B.); [email protected] (M.M.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The World Health Organization recently stated that new sources of antibiotics are urgently Citation: Quinn, G.A.; Abdelhameed, required to stem the global spread of antibiotic resistance, especially in multiresistant Gram-negative A.M.; Alharbi, N.K.; Cobice, D.; Adu, bacteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Streptomyces As a Prominent Resource of Future Anti-MRSA Drugs
    REVIEW published: 24 September 2018 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02221 Streptomyces as a Prominent Resource of Future Anti-MRSA Drugs Hefa Mangzira Kemung 1,2, Loh Teng-Hern Tan 1,2,3, Tahir Mehmood Khan 1,2,4, Kok-Gan Chan 5,6*, Priyia Pusparajah 3*, Bey-Hing Goh 1,2,7* and Learn-Han Lee 1,2,3,7* 1 Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia, 2 Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia, 3 Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia, 4 The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan, 5 Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 6 International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, 7 Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Mueang Phayao, Thailand Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pose a significant health threat as Edited by: they tend to cause severe infections in vulnerable populations and are difficult to treat Miklos Fuzi, due to a limited range of effective antibiotics and also their ability to form biofilm. These Semmelweis University, Hungary organisms were once limited to hospital acquired infections but are now widely present Reviewed by: Dipesh Dhakal, in the community and even in animals. Furthermore, these organisms are constantly Sun Moon University, South Korea evolving to develop resistance to more antibiotics.
    [Show full text]
  • This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached
    This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy ARTICLE IN PRESS Systematic and Applied Microbiology 32 (2009) 314–322 www.elsevier.de/syapm Proposal to reclassify the Streptomyces albidoflavus clade on the basis of multilocus sequence analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization, and taxonomic elucidation of Streptomyces griseus subsp. solvifaciens Xiaoying Rong, Yinping Guo, Ying Huangà State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Received 22 April 2009 Abstract The Streptomyces albidoflavus 16S rRNA gene clade contains 10 species and subspecies with identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and very similar numerical taxonomic data, including Streptomyces griseus subsp. solvifaciens. Type strains of this clade, as well as three CGMCC strains which were received as Streptomyces galilaeus, Streptomyces sioyaensis
    [Show full text]
  • Alpine Soil Bacterial Community and Environmental Filters Bahar Shahnavaz
    Alpine soil bacterial community and environmental filters Bahar Shahnavaz To cite this version: Bahar Shahnavaz. Alpine soil bacterial community and environmental filters. Other [q-bio.OT]. Université Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble I, 2009. English. tel-00515414 HAL Id: tel-00515414 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00515414 Submitted on 6 Sep 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE Pour l’obtention du titre de l'Université Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble 1 École Doctorale : Chimie et Sciences du Vivant Spécialité : Biodiversité, Écologie, Environnement Communautés bactériennes de sols alpins et filtres environnementaux Par Bahar SHAHNAVAZ Soutenue devant jury le 25 Septembre 2009 Composition du jury Dr. Thierry HEULIN Rapporteur Dr. Christian JEANTHON Rapporteur Dr. Sylvie NAZARET Examinateur Dr. Jean MARTIN Examinateur Dr. Yves JOUANNEAU Président du jury Dr. Roberto GEREMIA Directeur de thèse Thèse préparée au sien du Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine (LECA, UMR UJF- CNRS 5553) THÈSE Pour l’obtention du titre de Docteur de l’Université de Grenoble École Doctorale : Chimie et Sciences du Vivant Spécialité : Biodiversité, Écologie, Environnement Communautés bactériennes de sols alpins et filtres environnementaux Bahar SHAHNAVAZ Directeur : Roberto GEREMIA Soutenue devant jury le 25 Septembre 2009 Composition du jury Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Improved Taxonomy of the Genus Streptomyces
    UNIVERSITEIT GENT Faculteit Wetenschappen Vakgroep Biochemie, Fysiologie & Microbiologie Laboratorium voor Microbiologie Improved taxonomy of the genus Streptomyces Benjamin LANOOT Scriptie voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Wetenschappen (Biochemie) Promotor: Prof. Dr. ir. J. Swings Co-promotor: Dr. M. Vancanneyt Academiejaar 2004-2005 FACULTY OF SCIENCES ____________________________________________________________ DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY UNIVERSITEIT LABORATORY OF MICROBIOLOGY GENT IMPROVED TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS STREPTOMYCES DISSERTATION Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor (Ph D) in Sciences, Biochemistry December 2004 Benjamin LANOOT Promotor: Prof. Dr. ir. J. SWINGS Co-promotor: Dr. M. VANCANNEYT 1: Aerial mycelium of a Streptomyces sp. © Michel Cavatta, Academy de Lyon, France 1 2 2: Streptomyces coelicolor colonies © John Innes Centre 3: Blue haloes surrounding Streptomyces coelicolor colonies are secreted 3 4 actinorhodin (an antibiotic) © John Innes Centre 4: Antibiotic droplet secreted by Streptomyces coelicolor © John Innes Centre PhD thesis, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Publicly defended in Ghent, December 9th, 2004. Examination Commission PROF. DR. J. VAN BEEUMEN (ACTING CHAIRMAN) Faculty of Sciences, University of Ghent PROF. DR. IR. J. SWINGS (PROMOTOR) Faculty of Sciences, University of Ghent DR. M. VANCANNEYT (CO-PROMOTOR) Faculty of Sciences, University of Ghent PROF. DR. M. GOODFELLOW Department of Agricultural & Environmental Science University of Newcastle, UK PROF. Z. LIU Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China DR. D. LABEDA United States Department of Agriculture National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Peoria, IL, USA PROF. DR. R.M. KROPPENSTEDT Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen & Zellkulturen (DSMZ) Braunschweig, Germany DR.
    [Show full text]
  • Polyphasic Classification of the Gifted Natural Product Producer Streptomyces
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital.CSIC © Van der Aart, L.T., Nouioui, I., Kloosterman, A., Igual, J.M., Willemse, J., Goodfellow, M., van Wezel, J.P. 2019. The definitive peer reviewed, edited version of this article is published in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 69, 4, 2019, http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003215 Polyphasic classification of the gifted natural product producer Streptomyces roseifaciens sp. nov. Lizah T. van der Aart 1, Imen Nouioui 2, Alexander Kloosterman 1, José Mariano Ingual 3, Joost Willemse 1, Michael Goodfellow 2, *, Gilles P. van Wezel 1,4 *. 1 Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands 2 School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK. 3 Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Salamanca, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IRNASACSIC), c/Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain 4: Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands, Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW) Droevendaalsteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands *Corresponding authors. Michael Goodfellow: [email protected], Tel: +44 191 2087706. Gilles van Wezel: Email: [email protected], Tel: +31 715274310. Accession for the full genome assembly: GCF_001445655.1 1 Abstract A polyphasic study was designed to establish the taxonomic status of a Streptomyces strain isolated from soil from the QinLing Mountains, Shaanxi Province, China, and found to be the source of known and new specialized metabolites. Strain MBT76 T was found to have chemotaxonomic, cultural and morphological properties consistent with its classification in the genus Streptomyces .
    [Show full text]
  • Production of an Antibiotic-Like Activity by Streptomyces Sp. COUK1 Under Different Growth Conditions Olaitan G
    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 8-2014 Production of an Antibiotic-like Activity by Streptomyces sp. COUK1 under Different Growth Conditions Olaitan G. Akintunde East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Akintunde, Olaitan G., "Production of an Antibiotic-like Activity by Streptomyces sp. COUK1 under Different Growth Conditions" (2014). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2412. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2412 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Production of an Antibiotic-like Activity by Streptomyces sp. COUK1 under Different Growth Conditions A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of Health Sciences East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Biology by Olaitan G. Akintunde August 2014 Dr. Bert Lampson Dr. Eric Mustain Dr. Foster Levy Keywords: Streptomyces, antibiotics, natural products, bioactive compounds ABSTRACT Production of an Antibiotic-like Activity by Streptomyces sp. COUK1 under Different Growth Conditions by Olaitan Akintunde Streptomyces are known to produce a large variety of antibiotics and other bioactive compounds with remarkable industrial importance. Streptomyces sp. COUK1 was found as a contaminant on a plate in which Rhodococcus erythropolis was used as a test strain in a disk diffusion assay and produced a zone of inhibition against the cultured R.
    [Show full text]
  • Induction of Secondary Metabolism Across Actinobacterial Genera
    Induction of secondary metabolism across actinobacterial genera A thesis submitted for the award Doctor of Philosophy at Flinders University of South Australia Rio Risandiansyah Department of Medical Biotechnology Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Flinders University 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ ii TABLE OF FIGURES ............................................................................................. viii LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... xii SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... xiii DECLARATION ...................................................................................................... xv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................... xvi Chapter 1. Literature review ................................................................................. 1 1.1 Actinobacteria as a source of novel bioactive compounds ......................... 1 1.1.1 Natural product discovery from actinobacteria .................................... 1 1.1.2 The need for new antibiotics ............................................................... 3 1.1.3 Secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways in actinobacteria ........... 4 1.1.4 Streptomyces genetic potential: cryptic/silent genes ..........................
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Potential of Antibiotic Production from Rare Actinobacteria by Whole-Genome Sequencing and Guided MS/MS Analysis
    fmicb-11-01540 July 27, 2020 Time: 14:51 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 15 July 2020 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01540 Exploring the Potential of Antibiotic Production From Rare Actinobacteria by Whole-Genome Sequencing and Guided MS/MS Analysis Dini Hu1,2, Chenghang Sun3, Tao Jin4, Guangyi Fan4, Kai Meng Mok2, Kai Li1* and Simon Ming-Yuen Lee5* 1 School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China, 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China, 3 Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, 4 Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen, China, 5 State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China Actinobacteria are well recognized for their production of structurally diverse bioactive Edited by: secondary metabolites, but the rare actinobacterial genera have been underexploited Sukhwan Yoon, for such potential. To search for new sources of active compounds, an experiment Korea Advanced Institute of Science combining genomic analysis and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) screening and Technology, South Korea was designed to isolate and characterize actinobacterial strains from a mangrove Reviewed by: Hui Li, environment in Macau. Fourteen actinobacterial strains were isolated from the collected Jinan University, China samples. Partial 16S sequences indicated that they were from six genera, including Baogang Zhang, China University of Geosciences, Brevibacterium, Curtobacterium, Kineococcus, Micromonospora, Mycobacterium, and China Streptomyces. The isolate sp.01 showing 99.28% sequence similarity with a reference *Correspondence: rare actinobacterial species Micromonospora aurantiaca ATCC 27029T was selected for Kai Li whole genome sequencing.
    [Show full text]
  • Note on the Actinomycetes of the Streptomyces Hygroscopicus - Like Complex in Traditional Taxonomy
    This document has been scanned from hard-copy archives for research and study purposes. Please note not all information may be current. We have tried, in preparing this copy, to make the content accessible to the widest possible audience but in some cases we recognise that the automatic text recognition maybe inadequate and we apologise in advance for any inconvenience this may cause. - _. FOREST RESOURCES RESEARCH - TECHNICAL PAPER No. 70 NOTE ON THE ACTINOMYCETES OF THE STREPTOMYCES HYGROSCOPICUS - LIKE COMPLEX IN TRADITIONAL TAXONOMY By L.Gerrettson-Cornell . .. -.- 1- •• - •• • • NOTE ON THE ACTINOMYCETES OF THE STREPTOMYCES HYGROSCOPICUS-LIKE COMPLEX IN TRADITIONAL TAXONOMY by L. GERRETISON-CORNELL FOREST RESOURCES RESEARCH NSW DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES SYDNEY 2005 TecbnicalPaperNo.70 February 2005 TheAuthor: L. Gerrettson-Comell, (formerly) Research Officer, Forest Pathology, Forest Research and Development Division, State Forests ofNew South Wales Current address: PO Box 563, BaulkhamHills, NSW 2153 Published by: Forest Resources Research, Science and Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, 121-131 OratavaAvenue, West Pennant Hills 2125 PO Box 100, Beecroft 2119 Australia Copyright © The State ofNSW NSW Department ofPrimary Industries ISSN 1324 4345 CONTENTS ABSTRACT iii INTRODUCTION 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 3 RESULTS - TAXA STUDIED 5 Streptomyces endus 5 Streptomyces humidus 6 Streptomyces hygroscopicus 7 Streptomyces melanosporofaciens 9 Streptomyces nigrescens 10 Streptomyces platensis 11 Streptomyces sioyaensis 12 Streptomyces violaceusniger 13 TABLE 1 14 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 15 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 18 LITERATURE CITED 18 FOREST RESOURCES RESEARCH NOTE ON THE ACTINOMYCETES OF THE STREPTOMYCES TECHNICAL PAPER NO. 70 HYGROSCOPICUS-LIKE COMPLEX IN TRADITIONAL TAXONOMY ABSTRACT A Streptomyces hygroscopicus complex containing eight species separated on the basis of micromorphological, cultural and biochemical characters is presented.
    [Show full text]
  • INVESTIGATING the ACTINOMYCETE DIVERSITY INSIDE the HINDGUT of an INDIGENOUS TERMITE, Microhodotermes Viator
    INVESTIGATING THE ACTINOMYCETE DIVERSITY INSIDE THE HINDGUT OF AN INDIGENOUS TERMITE, Microhodotermes viator by Jeffrey Rohland Thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa. April 2010 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly and most importantly, I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr Paul Meyers. I have been in his lab since my Honours year, and he has always been a constant source of guidance, help and encouragement during all my years at UCT. His serious discussion of project related matters and also his lighter side and sense of humour have made the work that I have done a growing and learning experience, but also one that has been really enjoyable. I look up to him as a role model and mentor and acknowledge his contribution to making me the best possible researcher that I can be. Thank-you to all the members of Lab 202, past and present (especially to Gareth Everest – who was with me from the start), for all their help and advice and for making the lab a home away from home and generally a great place to work. I would also like to thank Di James and Bruna Galvão for all their help with the vast quantities of sequencing done during this project, and Dr Bronwyn Kirby for her help with the statistical analyses. Also, I must acknowledge Miranda Waldron and Mohammed Jaffer of the Electron Microsope Unit at the University of Cape Town for their help with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy related matters, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Discovery and Biosynthesis of the Antibiotic Bicyclomycin in Distant Bacterial
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/236828; this version posted December 21, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Discovery and biosynthesis of the antibiotic bicyclomycin in distant bacterial 2 classes 3 4 Natalia M. Vior,a Rodney Lacret,a Govind Chandra,a Siobhán Dorai-Raj,a Martin Trick,b Andrew W. 5 Trumana# 6 7 a Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK 8 b Department of Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK 9 10 Running title: Bicyclomycin biosynthesis and phylogeny 11 12 # Address correspondence to Andrew W. Truman, [email protected] 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/236828; this version posted December 21, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 19 ABSTRACT 20 Bicyclomycin (BCM) is a clinically promising antibiotic that is biosynthesised by Streptomyces 21 cinnamoneus DSM 41675. BCM is structurally characterized by a core cyclo(L-Ile-L-Leu) 2,5- 22 diketopiperazine (DKP) that is extensively oxidized. Here, we identify the BCM biosynthetic gene 23 cluster, which shows that the core of BCM is biosynthesised by a cyclodipeptide synthase and the 24 oxidative modifications are introduced by five 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases and one 25 cytochrome P450 monooxygenase.
    [Show full text]