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Operation Sunrise: America’S OSS, Swiss Intelligence, and the German Surrender 1945
Operation Sunrise: America’s OSS, Swiss Intelligence, and the German Surrender 1945 by Stephen P. Halbrook* Operation Sunrise was a cooperative effort of American and Swiss intelligence services which led to the unconditional surrender of the German Wehrmacht forces in Northern Italy and Western Austria on May 2, 1945. General Heinrich von Vietinghoff, Commander-in- Chief of the Southwest Command and of Army Group C, surrendered nearly a million soldiers, the strongest remaining German force. This was the first great surrender of German forces to the Allies, and became a strong impetus for the final Allied victory over Nazi Germany on May 8, Victory in Europe (VE) Day. Operation Sunrise helped to nip in the bud Nazi aspirations for guerilla resistance in an Alpine redoubt. Sunrise, sometimes referred to as “Crossword,” has special significance today beyond the sixtieth anniversary of the German surrender. Despite Switzerland’s formal neutrality, Swiss intelligence agents aggressively facilitated American efforts to end the war. Ironically, the efforts of key U.S. intelligence agents on the ground to orchestrate the surrender were hampered and almost scuttled by leaders in Washington to appease Joseph Stalin, who wished to delay the surrender in the West so that Soviet forces could grab more territory in the East. *This paper was originally presented at the conference Sunrise ‘05, Locarno, Switzerland, May 2, 2005, and was published in “Operation Sunrise.” Atti del convegno internazionale (Locarno, 2 maggio 2005), a cura di Marino Viganò - Dominic M. Pedrazzini (Lugano 2006), pp. 103-30. The conference was held to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the surrender of German forces in northern Italy. -
Guides to German Records Microfilmed at Alexandria, Va
GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA. No. 32. Records of the Reich Leader of the SS and Chief of the German Police (Part I) The National Archives National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington: 1961 This finding aid has been prepared by the National Archives as part of its program of facilitating the use of records in its custody. The microfilm described in this guide may be consulted at the National Archives, where it is identified as RG 242, Microfilm Publication T175. To order microfilm, write to the Publications Sales Branch (NEPS), National Archives and Records Service (GSA), Washington, DC 20408. Some of the papers reproduced on the microfilm referred to in this and other guides of the same series may have been of private origin. The fact of their seizure is not believed to divest their original owners of any literary property rights in them. Anyone, therefore, who publishes them in whole or in part without permission of their authors may be held liable for infringement of such literary property rights. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 58-9982 AMERICA! HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION COMMITTEE fOR THE STUDY OP WAR DOCUMENTS GUIDES TO GERMAN RECOBDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXAM)RIA, VA. No* 32» Records of the Reich Leader of the SS aad Chief of the German Police (HeiehsMhrer SS und Chef der Deutschen Polizei) 1) THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION (AHA) COMMITTEE FOR THE STUDY OF WAE DOCUMENTS GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA* This is part of a series of Guides prepared -
WAR CRIMES and THEIR MOTIVATION the Socio-Psychological Structure of the SS and the Criminalization of a Society
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 39 | Issue 3 Article 3 1948 War Crimes and Their otM ivation: The oS cio- Psychological Structure of the SS and the Criminalization of a Society Leo Alexander Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Leo Alexander, War Crimes and Their otM ivation: The ocS io-Psychological Structure of the SS and the Criminalization of a Society, 39 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 298 (1948-1949) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. WAR CRIMES AND THEIR MOTIVATION The Socio-Psychological Structure of the SS and the Criminalization of a Society Leo Alexander The author was consultant to the Secretary of War of the United States, on duty with the Office of the Chief of Counsel for War Crimes in Nurnberg, U.S. Zone of Germany, 1946-1947; Lieutenant Colonel, ORC, MC, USA; Associate Director of Research, Boston State Hospital; Instructor in Psychiatry, Tufts College Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. The following article was read in part at the 75th anniversary meeting of the Nederlandsche Vereinigung voor Psychiatrie en Neurologie, in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, on 12 June 1947, at the meeting of the Boston Society of Psychiatry and Neurology on 16 October 1947, at the First American Medicolegal Congress, in St. -
Peter Black Odilo Globocnik, Nazi Eastern Policy, and the Implementation of the Final Solution
www.doew.at – Dokumentationsarchiv des österreichischen Widerstandes (Hrsg.), Forschungen zum Natio- nalsozialismus und dessen Nachwirkungen in Österreich. Festschrift für Brigitte Bailer, Wien 2012 91 Peter Black Odilo Globocnik, Nazi Eastern Policy, and the Implementation of the Final Solution During the spring of 1943, while on an inspection tour of occupied Poland that included a briefing on the annihilation of the Polish Jews, SS Personnel Main Office chief Maximilian von Herff characterized Lublin District SS and Police Leader and SS-Gruppenführer Odilo Globocnik, in the following way: “A man fully charged with all possible light and dark sides. Little concerned with ap- pearances, fanatically obsessed with the task, [he] engages himself to the limit without concern for health or superficial recognition. His energy drives him of- ten to breach existing boundaries and to forget the boundaries established for him within the [SS-] Order – not out of personal ambition, but much more for the sake of his obsession with the matter at hand. His success speaks unconditionally for him.”1 Von Herff’s analysis of Globocnik’s reflected a consistent pattern in the ca- reer of the Nazi Party organizer and SS officer, who characteristically atoned for his transgressions of the National Socialist code of behavior by fanatical pursuit and implementation of core Nazi goals.2 Globocnik was born to Austro-Croat parents on April 21, 1904 in multina- tional Trieste, then the principal seaport of the Habsburg Monarchy. His father’s family had come from Neumarkt (Tržič), in Slovenia. Franz Globocnik served as a Habsburg cavalry lieutenant and later a senior postal official; he died of pneumonia on December 1, 1919. -
23. Un Eccidio a Bolzano 23
Quaderni di Storia Cittadina, Volume 4 23. UN ECCIDIO A BOLZANO 23. UN ECCIDIO A BOLZANO di Carla Giacomozzi Immagine di copertina Il quadro “12 settembre” è stato dipinto nel 2009 da Alessandro Berardinelli. Città di Bolzano / Assessorato alla Cultura, alla Convivenza, all’Ambiente e alle Pari Opportunità Ufficio Servizi Museali e Storico-Artistici Archivio Storico 23. UN ECCIDIO A BOLZANO di Carla Giacomozzi Progetto grafico Studio Yes Stampa Litografica Editrice Saturnia Traduzione Eurostudio di Helga Gurndin Referenze fotografiche Famiglia Ballerini, Famiglia Battaglia, Famiglia Berardinelli, Famiglia Botta, Famiglia Dei Grandi, Famiglia Di Fonzo, Famiglia Faggiano, Famiglia Gentili, Famiglia Marocco, Famiglia Pappagallo, Famiglia Preda, Vittore Bocchetta, Giulia Turrina, Carla Giacomozzi, Studio Yes Le cartine riprodotte nel capitolo 3 sono tratte dal Grande Atlante Stradale del Touring Club 2006 Edizione originale in lingua italiana Le lettrici e i lettori che desiderano informarsi sull’insieme delle iniziative dell’Archivio Storico della Città di Bolzano sul tema Memoria possono collegarsi al seguente indirizzo internet: http://www.comune.bolzano.it voce “Cultura” voce “Progetto Storia e Memoria: il Lager di Bolzano” ISBN 88-901870-6-9 © 2011 Archivio Storico della Città di Bolzano Tutti i diritti riservati 5 SOMMARIO Capitolo 1: “23”: CONTESTO E RICERCA 13 Il Progetto “Storia e Memoria: il Lager di Bolzano” 14 L’eccidio del 12.09.1944 15 Memoria, memorie 16 L’avvio della ricerca 17 Settori della ricerca 20 Una nuova ipotesi 21 -
Vittore Bocchetta
Comune di Nova Milanese Città di Bolzano dal sito Lager e deportazione – Le testimonianze: Vittore Bocchetta Vittore Bocchetta Nata a Sassari il 15.11.1918 Intervista del 16.05.2000 a Bolzano TDL: n. 1 – durata 45’ Arresto: 04.07.1944 a Verona Carcerazione: Montorio Veronese (VR) Deportazione: Bolzano; Flossenbürg; Hersbruck Liberazione: maggio 1945 a Regensburg durante la marcia della morte a Terezin Nota sulla trascrizione della testimonianza: L’intervista è stata trascritta letteralmente. Il nostro intervento si è limitato all’inserimento dei segni di punteggiatura e all’eliminazione di alcune parole o frasi incomplete e/o di ripetizioni. Intervista di Carla Giacomozzi e Giuseppe Paleari Nato a Sassari il 15.11.1918. Sono stato arrestato il 4 luglio del 1944, a Verona, dai fascisti. Sono stato portato alle casermette di Montorio, vicino a Verona, dove sono stato interrogato e torturato. Poi, insieme ai compagni del secondo CLN provinciale di Verona, sono stato trasferito alle Carceri degli Scalzi di Verona, dove sono rimasto per un certo tempo, e dove ho subìto altri interrogatori dalle SS. Da lì, insieme ai miei compagni, sono stato portato al Palazzo delle Assicurazioni in Corso allora Vittorio Emanuele, a Verona, dove c’era il Comando Generale della SD. Dalle celle di quel sotterraneo, insieme ad altri prigionieri che ho trovato già lì, e che erano stati torturati, sono stato condotto al Campo di concentramento di Bolzano; insieme con questi compagni, considerati pericolosi, siamo stati chiusi nel blocco E. Dal blocco uscivamo solo per un’ora al giorno, a prendere aria; vi siamo rimasti pochi giorni. -
519-7180 Fax (703) 519-7190
DEMOCRACY-2018/09/17 1 THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION WILL DEMOCRACY WIN? THE RECURRING BATTLE BETWEEN LIBERALISM AND ITS ADVERSARIES Washington, D.C. Monday, September 17, 2018 Opening Remarks JOHN R. ALLEN President, The Brookings Institution Panel 1 STEVE INSKEEP, Moderator Host, “Morning Edition,” NPR NORMAN EISEN Senior Fellow, Governance Studies, The Brookings Institution ROBERT KAGAN Stephen & Barbara Friedman Senior Fellow, Project on International Order and Strategy The Brookings Institution Remarks WILLIAM A. GALSTON Ezra K. Zilkha Chair and Senior Fellow, Governance Studies The Brookings Institution Panel 2 LINDA WERTHEIMER, Moderator Senior National Correspondent, NPR CHARLES BLACK, JR. President, Pentad Plus LLC NORMAN EISEN Senior Fellow, Governance Studies, The Brookings Institution MARC ROBINSON Professor of English and Theater Studies, Yale University LAURENE SHERLOCK Owner, Greystone Appraisals LLC ALEXANDER TOUSSAINT Deacon * * * * * ANDERSON COURT REPORTING 500 Montgomery Street, Suite 400 Alexandria, VA 22314 Phone (703) 519-7180 Fax (703) 519-7190 DEMOCRACY-2018/09/17 2 P R O C E E D I N G S GENERAL ALLEN: Ladies and gentlemen, good morning. Welcome to Brookings. I'm John Allen; I'm the president of the Institution. You are most welcome today, and for those coming in by webcast, we welcome you as well. Today we're going to be discussing something concerning many of us at this moment in history. It's the growing tide of illiberalism, as it seems to be threatening increasingly democratic institutions and governments on both sides of the Atlantic. I think it's fair to say that we've learned that democracy is not inevitable and it needs to be understood, it needs to be nurtured, it needs to be cared for, and it needs to be guarded with great vigilance. -
Romanische Studien 2, 2015 Du Camp Au Mémorial, De La Littérature À L'histoire
Romanische Studien 2, 2015 Du camp au mémorial, de la littérature à l'Histoire Du camp au mémorial Préambule – Prefazione – Vorwort . 23 Isabella von Treskow De l’exploitation des carrières de granit au réseau concentrationnaire . 33 Le camp de concentration de Flossenbürg Jörg Skriebeleit Les récits mémoriels français du réseau concentrationnaire de Flossenbürg : écritures et évolutions . 43 Isabella von Treskow Le genre, le récit et le corps . 81 Aucun de nous ne reviendra de Charlotte Delbo et L'espèce humaine de Robert Antelme Silke Segler-Meßner Le testimonianze dei reduci italiani del lager di Flossenbürg . 105 Chiara Nannicini Streitberger Penser le passé. 129 Inscriptions de l'Histoire dans le roman français contemporain Anne Sennhauser “Nell’occhio che riscopre la luce” . 137 Tempo, storia e memoria nella poesia di Salvatore Quasimodo Alessandro Martini Éducation artistique et culturelle – Patrimoine, mémoire et identité . 147 Isabelle Milliès Romanische Studien 2, 2015 Du camp au mémorial, de la littérature à l'Histoire Préambule – Prefazione – Vorwort Isabella von Treskow (Regensburg) mots clés: témoignage; mémoire collective; camp de concentration; déportation; tra- vail forcé; Résistance; Flossenbürg; littérature et Histoire parole chiave: testimonianza; memoria collettiva; campo di concentramento; deporta- zione; Flossenbürg; letteratura e storia schlagwörter: Sektionseinführung; Zeugnisliteratur; Kollektive Erinnerung; Konzen- trationslager; Deportation; Zwangsarbeit; Flossenbürg; Literatur und Geschichte Du camp au mémorial, de la littérature à l'Histoire Cette part jamais fixée, en nous sommeillante, d’où jaillira demain le multiple. (René Char, « Transir », dans La Parole en archipel.) La teneur symbolique que nous assignons à ce qui nous entoure est bien su- périeure à ce dont nous avons généralement conscience. -
ANED Verona Per Il Giorno Della Memoria 2018
ASSOCIAZIONE NAZIONALE EX DEPORTATI NEI CAMPI NAZISTI A.N.E.D. (Ente Morale – D.P.R: 5-11-1968 – N. 1377) 1 ANED Verona per il Giorno della Memoria 2018 “In questa faccenda non basta avere globalmente ragione: bisogna lavorare instancabilmente, cioè dimostrare i fatti, non per coloro che li conoscono e che scompariranno, ma per quelli che saranno particolarmente esigenti riguardo alla qualità delle prove. Il lavoro “archeologico” era inutile nel 1945 perché le rovine fumavano ancora e i testimoni gridavano. Ora è diventato indispensabile”. (Pierre Vidal Naquet) Aned, -Associazione nazionale ex deportati nei campi nazisti-, Ente morale che rappresenta i 37.000 deportati dall’Italia e le loro vicissitudini nell’universo concentrazionario nazista, è nata per ricordare uomini e donne che hanno vissuto l’orrore nei campi di sterminio, di concentramento e di internamento vittime del nazismo e del fascismo: 11 milioni di persone uccise perché ebrei, zingari, omosessuali, Testimoni di Geova, comunisti, anarchici, oppositori, malati di mente, resistenti, handicappati, renitenti alla leva, disertori… Per rispondere al dettato della legge istitutiva del Giorno della Memoria (legge 20 luglio 2000 n. 211) che, doverosamente, intende ricordare "le leggi razziali, la persecuzione italiana dei cittadini ebrei, gli italiani che hanno subito la deportazione, la prigione, la morte, nonché coloro che...si sono opposti al progetto di sterminio ..." (art. 1) e prevede iniziative "su quanto è accaduto al popolo ebraico e ai deportati militari e politici ..." (art.2), organizza: Giovedì 14 dicembre 2017 ore 17 Conferenza in collaborazione con Università di Verona L’infanzia nelle guerre del Novecento conversazione con Bruno Maida, ricercatore di Storia Contemporanea, Università di Torino. -
United States of America V. Erhard Milch
War Crimes Trials Special List No. 38 Records of Case II United States of America v. Erhard Milch National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, Washington, D.C. 1975 Special List No. 38 Nuernberg War Crimes Trials Records of Case II United States of America v. Erhard Milch Compiled by John Mendelsohn National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington: 1975 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data United States. National Archives and Records Service. Nuernberg war crimes trial records. (Special list - National Archives and Records Service; no. 38) Includes index. l. War crime trials--N emberg--Milch case,l946-l947. I. Mendelsohn, John, l928- II. Title. III. Series: United States. National Archives and Records Service. Special list; no.38. Law 34l.6'9 75-6l9033 Foreword The General Services Administration, through the National Archives and Records Service, is· responsible for administering the permanently valuable noncurrent records of the Federal Government. These archival holdings, now amounting to more than I million cubic feet, date from the <;lays of the First Continental Congress and consist of the basic records of the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of our Government. The presidential libraries of Herbert Hoover, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson contain the papers of those Presidents and of many of their - associates in office. These research resources document significant events in our Nation's history , but most of them are preserved because of their continuing practical use in the ordinary processes of government, for the protection of private rights, and for the research use of scholars and students. -
Laudatio Bocchetta 2010 Deutsch 2
Laudatio von Andreas J. G. Mickel, Präsident der Deutsch-Italienischen Gesellschaft Lippe-Detmold anlässlich der Verleihung des Premio Culturale 2010 der VDIG in Castiglioncello (Li) am 23. Mai 2010 (Deutsche Übersetzung) Lieber Vittore Bocchetta, Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren, tief bewegt aber auch sehr glücklich, habe ich heute die große Freude diese Rede oder besser diese Laudatio auf das Leben Vittore Bocchetta’s zu halten. Manche von Ihnen werden sich fragen, wer ist Vittore Bocchetta? Für uns in Deutschland, Mitglieder der verschiedenen Deutsch-Italienischen Gesellschaften, ist Vittore Bocchetta kein Unbekannter. Wir haben den Präsidenten der VDIG, Herrn Boesken, gehört, der über den Künstler Vittore Bocchetta gesprochen hat. Wir kennen seine Ausstellungen in verschiedenen deutschen Städten wie Potsdam, Kassel, Weimar, Wolfsburg, Lüdenscheid oder auch bei uns in Detmold. Der Künstler Vittore Bocchetta. Aber neben dem Künstler gibt es auch die Person Vittore Bocchetta, untrennbar verbunden mit dem Künstler Bocchetta. Das Leben von Bocchetta beginnt in Sassari vor fast 92 Jahren. Im Alter von 14 Jahren jedoch zieht er mit seiner Familie nach Verona, - in sein Verona, wie er zu sagen pflegt . 1939 beginnt seine Karriere als Lehrender, eine Karriere die ihren Höhepunkt erreichen wird mit einem Lehrstuhl für vergleichende Literatur an der Universität von Chicago in den USA. Aber bleiben wir noch in Verona. Und hier beginnen seine Probleme mit dem faschistischen Italien 1941… Seine freiheitlichen Ideen führen dazu, dass er den faschistischen Behörden gemeldet wird und er beginnt, antifaschistische Gruppen zu frequentieren. Nach der Besetzung Veronas seitens der Deutschen am 9. September 1943 hilft Bocchetta bei der Flucht von mehreren hunderten italienischen Soldaten aus der Kaserne „Carlo Montanari“ in Verona, die von den Nazis dort inhaftiert waren. -
Das Massaker Der Fosse Ardeatine Und Die Taterverfolgung. Deutsch-Italienische Störfalle Von Kappler Bis Priebke
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications, Department of History History, Department of 2012 Das Massaker der Fosse Ardeatine und die Taterverfolgung. Deutsch-italienische Störfalle von Kappler bis Priebke Gerald Steinacher University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historyfacpub Part of the European History Commons, and the Military History Commons Steinacher, Gerald, "Das Massaker der Fosse Ardeatine und die Taterverfolgung. Deutsch-italienische Störfalle von Kappler bis Priebke" (2012). Faculty Publications, Department of History. 141. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historyfacpub/141 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications, Department of History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Michael Gehler . Maddalena Guiotto (Hrsg.) ITALIEN, ÖSTERREICH UND DIE BUNDES REPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND IN EUROPA Ein Dreiecksverhältnis in seinen wechselseitigen Beziehungen und Wahrnehmungen von 1945/49 bis zur Gegenwart ITALY, AUSTRIA AND THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY IN EUROPE A Triangle of Mutual Relations and Perceptions from the Period 1945-49 to the Present Unter Mitarbeit von Imke Scharlemann BÖHLAU VERLAG WIEN· KÖLN· WEIMAR Gedruckt mit der Unterstützung durch das Bundnministlrium fßrWissenschlltund Forselluna Bundesministerium fiir Wissenschaft und Forschung in Wien und AUTONOME PROVINCIA PROVINZ ·W.i • AUTONOMA BOZEN, ! 01 BOLZANO SÜDTIROL \' __ ' // ALTO ADIGE Deutsche Kultur das Amt der Südtiroler Landesregierung - Südtiroler Kulturinstitut Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek: Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie ; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar.