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Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Short Communication

New distribution record of the endemic and critically endangered Giant Staghorn grande (Fee) Kunze () in central Mindanao

Cherie Cano-Mangaoang & Charissa Joy Arroyo Gumban

26 July 2020 | Vol. 12 | No. 10 | Pages: 16368–16372 DOI: 10.11609/jot.5486.12.10.16368-16372

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Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 July 2020 | 12(10): 16368–16372 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.5486.12.10.16368-16372

#5486 | Received 22 October 2019 | Finally accepted 23 June 2020

S h o r New distributon record of the endemic and critcally endangered t C Giant Staghorn Fern Platycerium grande (Fee) Kunze (Polypodiaceae) o m in central Mindanao m u 1 2 n Cherie Cano-Mangaoang & Charissa Joy Arroyo Gumban i c 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, , . a 2 t State University, Kalamansig Campus, Sultan Kudarat, Philippines. i 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected] o n

Abstract: Platycerium grande (Fee) Kunze is an endemic, Critcally and are among the most frequent vascular Endangered species of fern in the Philippines. The known distributon of epiphytes in subtropical to tropical lowland forests this species remains limited at present and its populaton is threatened by various anthropogenic threats especially for ornamental collecton. with 15 to 18 known species. There are two known In our recent survey, we found high abundance of this species in species in the Philippines, viz.: Platycerium coronarium Central Mindanao, southern Philippines. It can be distnguished from other species belonging to the genus Platycerium through its (König ex Müller) Desv and Platycerium grande (Fèe) frond’s vegetatve leaf which is symmetrical with two equally long Kunze (Copeland 1958; Hennipman & Roos 1998). The main lobe. Based on literatures, the known distributon range extend previously mentoned species can be identfed from from Zambaonga, Lanao, and Davao (Mt. Apo); and our recent records extends the known distributon of this species in Kalamansig, Sultan the later by its foliage frond which is asymmetrical Kudarat and South Upi, Maguindanao suggestng this species may and its soral patch that completely covers the fertle stll be around in other areas within the known range, however, the lobe. Of these two species, P. grande is endemic to the species may remain narrowly distributed as multple threats to this species contnue to persist. Philippines (Amoroso & Amoroso 2003) and is closely related to P. holtumii distributed in Indochina (Kreier & Keywords: Conservaton, fern, Maguindanao, phorophyte, Sultan Schneider 2006). Kudarat. Platycerium grande also known as the Giant Staghorn Fern was recorded in Mindanao specifcally Platycerium Desv is a distnct genus under in Zamboanga, Lanao, and Davao (Mt. Apo), however, Polypodiaceae, and is distnguished by the morphological Copeland’s (1958) report from Mt. Cristobal in Luzon structure of its frond. The species under this genus is could be possibly in error (Pelser et al. 2019). Hennipman distnguishable by its frond dimorphism, formaton of et al. (1979) stated that the specimen used to complete a basket of base fronds and the vegetatve frond that the descripton of this species was taken from the wild is divided dichotomously (Hennipman & Roos 1998). of Davao and traced in Cebu then brought to Leiden and This taxa mainly grow in a more or less open canopy Kew.

Editor: Anonymity requested. Date of publicaton: 26 July 2020 (online & print)

Citaton: Mangaoang, C.C. & C.J.A. Gumban (2020). New distributon record of the endemic and critcally endangered Giant Staghorn Fern Platycerium grande (Fee) Kunze (Polypodiaceae) in Central Mindanao. Journal of Threatened Taxa 12(10): 16368–16372. htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.5486.12.10.16368-16372

Copyright: © Mangaoang & Gumban 2020. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

Funding: None.

Competng interests: The author declares no competng interests. The views expressed are those of the author.

Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank Krizler C. Tanalgo and the anonymous reviewers for their insightul and signifcant comments that helped in the improvement of the fnal manuscript.

16368 J TT New distributon record of Giant Staghorn Fern in central Mindanao Mangaoang & Gumban

Its unique and peculiar structure makes this species at about 7.0170N, 124.1760E (Fig. 1). valuable as an ornamental and atractve plant for Purposive sampling was done. Survey was conducted collectors and poachers (Darnaedi & Praptosuwiryo from the months of April 2018–April 2019 in various 2003). As a mater of fact, P. grande and other species areas of Kalamansig and South Upi. Three barangays in in the genus are highly-prized ornamental species. Kalamansig, Sultan Kudarat were identfed – Barangays Consequently, coupled with habitat changes in its Paril, Limulan and Poblacion and two in South Upi, natve range, contnuous over exploitaton, and its poor Maguindanao – Barangays Kuya and Poblacion. The propagaton success (Amoroso & Amoroso 2003) this actual number of individuals were counted and recorded. species is currently assessed as critcally endangered To confrm the identty of the species, morphological (Fernando et al. 2008). In this paper, we report the new characteristcs of the species were examined such the distributon records of P. grande in localites in Mindanao base and vegetatve fronds and the soral patch. These Island, Philippines. are the morphological characteristcs by which the two species of Platycerium in the Philippines can be Methods distnguished. Identfcaton is further supported by the The study was conducted in the two provinces of work of Copeland (1958), Hovenkamp et al. (1998) and Central Mindanao: Sultan Kudarat and Maguindanao, Philippine plant list website. Furthermore, a map was southern Philippines. The province of Sultan Kudarat is generated using QGIS applicaton. situated in the region in the southwestern part of Mindanao. Kalamansig is one of its municipalites Results and Discussion which is situated at approximately 6.5540N, 124.0520E. Platycerium grande was found thriving along natonal On the other hand, area in Maguindanao where P. road for both areas in Kalamansig, Sultan Kudarat and grande exist is the municipality of South Upi which lies South Upi, Maguindanao, however, individuals of this

Figure 1. The updated distributon of Platycerium grande in Mindanao.

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 July 2020 | 12(10): 16368–16372 16369 J TT New distributon record of Giant Staghorn Fern in central Mindanao Mangaoang & Gumban

A B

C D

Image 1. Habit and morphological structure of Platycerium grande: A—Habit showing upper part of the base frond | B—Lower part of the base | C—Foliage fronds symmetrical | D—One of the main long lobe of the foliage frond with sori. © Authors.

16370 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 July 2020 | 12(10): 16368–16372 J TT New distributon record of Giant Staghorn Fern in central Mindanao Mangaoang & Gumban

A B

Image 2. Individuals of Platycerium grande ataching on its phorophytes: A–Coconut Cocos nucifera | B—Acacia Tree Albizia saman. © Authors.

species in Kalamansig, Sultan Kudarat were seen in an Table 1. The number of individuals of P. grande in the two sites. agricultural area planted with coconut. The species was Lattude Longitude Number of identfed based on its morphological characterizaton in Locaton of P. grande (N) (E) Individuals which the lower part of the base frond is strongly wavy on Kalamansig, Sultan Kudarat the margin (sinouse margin), upper part spreading and Brgy. Paril 124.033 6.567 96 forked equally, and foliage fronds are symmetrical, with Brgy. Limulan 124.083 6.550 76 two equally long main lobes, each with a wide, horizontal Brgy. Poblacion 124.050 6.550 40 soral patch and two lateral pendulous forked lobes. South Upi, Maguindanao Soral patch of P. grande is semicircular and occupies Brgy. Kuya 124.133 6.817 3 the undersurface of the foliage fronds (Image 1). These Brgy. Poblacion 124.133 6.850 27 are the diagnostc characteristcs to identfy the species as Platycerium grande (Copeland 1958; Hennipman & Roos 1998; Aspiras 2010). The species was found to be individuals from South Upi, Maguindanao (Table 1). thriving in an open area at an elevaton of 6.69–662.71 m Coconut served as the phorophyte of most recorded and observed to be commonly atached on coconut and individuals of P. grande in Kalamansig, however, many huge trees along natonal roads. The wild populaton of individuals were notced to be thriving on an individual Platycerium grande is presently scarcely known. It can, tree of Albizia saman. This might be due to fact that however, be seen in home gardens or botanical gardens. areas where the species was seen is an agricultural But recently it was found out to be abundantly thriving landscape which is almost planted with coconut. Its in areas of Sultan Kudarat and Maguindanao. point of atachment on a coconut tree starts from 2m A total of 212 individuals were recorded from the from the ground up to the point almost reaching the three barangays of Kalamansig, Sultan Kudarat and 30 top of the tree where the fruit are located. It was also

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 July 2020 | 12(10): 16368–16372 16371 J TT New distributon record of Giant Staghorn Fern in central Mindanao Mangaoang & Gumban

documented that individuals growing on trees coexist References with a Drynaria sp. Amoroso, C.B. & V.B. Amoroso (2003). Plantlet producton of the It was previously mentoned that most individuals Philippine Giant Staghorn Fern [Platycerium grande (Fee ) C.Presl] recorded were on coconut trees, however, fewer in through spore culture, pp. 491–495. In: Chandra, S. & H. Srivastara number compared with those on huge trees (Image 2). P. (eds.). Pteridology in the New Millennium. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 520pp. grande atached on coconut ranges from 1–5 individuals Aspiras, R.A. (2010). Sporophyte and gametophyte development wherein huge trees harbors up to 30 individuals per of Platycerium coronarium (Koenig) Desv. and P. grande ( Fee) C. tree. This might be due to the absence of branches on Presl. (Polypodiaceae) through in vitro propagaton. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 17(1): 13–22. htps://doi.org/10.1016/j. coconut trees which gives mechanical support to this sjbs.2009.12.003 plant being an epiphyte. Copeland, E.B. (1958). Fern Flora of the Philippines. Vol III. Natonal Result of this study will help to substantate the Insttute of Science and Technology Bureau of Printng, Manila. 557pp. distributon of Platycerium grande in this part of the Darnaedi, D. & T.N. Praptosuwiryo (2003). Platycerium bifurcatum. country given that very litle literature is available on In: Kreier, H.P. & Schneider, H. (eds) Phylogeny and biogeography of the staghorn fern genus Platycerium (Polypodiaceae,Polypodiidae). its distributon in the Philippines (Pelser et al. 2019). It American Journal of Botany 93(2): 217–218. is presumed that more individuals can be found in the Fernando, E., L. Co, D. Lagunzad, W. Gruezo, J. Barcelona, D. Madulid, two areas and neighboring places if comprehensive A. Lapis, G. Texon, A. Manila & P. Zamora (2008). Threatened of the Philippines: a preliminary assessment. Unpublished surveys are conducted. Moreover, fndings of this study draf in the possession of the authors. will also be of use in reassessing its status and in the Hennipman, E. & M.C. Roos (1998). Polypodiaceae, pp. 133–139. In: implementaton of appropriate conservaton strategies. Hovenkamp, P.H., M.T.M. Bosman, H.P. Nooteboom, Rödl-Linder and M.C. Roos (eds.). Flora Malesiana. Series II . Furthermore, discovering new locatons of P. grande is Hennipman, E., G.J. De Joncheere & M.G. Price (1979). The Philippine an avenue for more in-depth studies of this endemic and Platycerium grande. Fern Gazete 12(1): 47–49. critcally endangered species of fern. Kreier, H.P. & H. Schneider (2006). Phylogeny and biogeography of the staghorn fern genus Platycerium (Polypodiaceae, Polypodiidae). American Journal of Botany 93(2): 217–225. Pelser, P.B., J.F. Barcelona & D.L. Nickrent (eds.) (2019). Co’s Digital Flora of the Philippines. www.philippineplants.org Accessed on 24 November 2019.

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PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. OPEN ACCESS All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

July 2020 | Vol. 12 | No. 10 | Pages: 16195–16406 Date of Publicaton: 26 July 2020 (Online & Print) www.threatenedtaxa.org DOI: 10.11609/jot.2020.12.10.16195-16406

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