Insecta: Coleoptera) from the Lo Wer Cretaceous of Spain

ACTA GEOLOGICA HISPANICA, v. 35 (2000), nº 1-2, p. 47-52

New beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the Lo wer Cretaceous of Spain

A. PONOMARENKO(1) and X. MARTÍNEZ-DELCLÒS(2)

(1) Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya str. 123, 117647 Moscow, Russia. (2) Dept. Estratigrafia i Paleontologia, Fac. Geologia, Univ. Barcelona, 08071 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Three beetles remains from the Lower Cretaceous lithographic limestones of Spain are described. We classified them into two new genus and three new species. One specimen named Tet r aphalerus brevi c a p i t i s n.sp. was placed in the Cupedidae, and both Me gac o p t o - clava longiurogom p h i a n.gen., n.sp. and Bolbonectus lithogra p h i c u s n.gen., n.sp. in Coptoclavi d a e .

Keywo rd s : Coleoptera. Cupedidae. Coptoclavidae. Lower Cretaceous. New genus and new species. Spain.

IN T RO D U C T I O N t wo families in Las Hoyas (see synthesis in Pe ñ a l ve r et al., 1999). Beetles from the Montsec outcrops (La The fossil beetles are abundant in the Lower Cretace- C a b rua and La Pedrera fossil sites) belong to many ous outcrops of Lithographic Limestones of Spain. families but only four, possibly five families: Bu- Ne ver theless even today, a few studies of these materials prestidae, Scarabaeidae, Belidae, Eccoptart h r i d a e ha ve been studied. and Curculionidea ? have been ve r i fied (Gómez, 1979; W h a l l ey and Jarzembowski, 1985; Mart í n e z - The more ancient coleopteran remains found in Delclòs, 1991b; A l e k s e ev, 1993; Zherikhin and Grat Spain came from the Ladinian (Middle Trias) of A l c o- s h ev, 1997). The fossil coleopterans from Las Hoy a s , ve r-Montral, but it is a poorly preserved specimen, h ave never been studied, only cited or figured by d i fficult to study (Vía and Calzada, 1985). Also, an M a rtínez-Delclòs (1989) and Martínez-Delclòs and isolated elytra of cupedoid has been found in the Ke u- Nel (1995). per of Novelda (Alicante) (Pe ñ a l ver et al., 1999, plate 1, fig. 2). Some beetles from the Cenozoic deposits of Spain were prev i o u s ly studied. Coleopterans was found in N eve rtheless, of the large number of beetles’ i n- rocks from the Oligocene (Cervera, Campins and Sa- d ividuals found in the Lower Cretaceous lithogr a p h i c rral), Miocene (Izarra, Bellver de Cerdanya, Ribesal- limestones of Spain, only five genera and species ha- bes, Rubielos de Mora, Bicorp and Libros (Pe ñ a l ver et ve been studied from the Montsec fossil-sites and al., 1999).

47 SY S T E M A TIC PAL A E O N TO L O G Y some oblique, divided at the metepistern and the base of the abdomen. The last abdominal segment a third longer Ord e r : Coleoptera LINNÉ, 1758 than the previous one. Legs are short. Su b o rd e r : Archostemata KOLBE, 1908 Fam i ly : Cupedidae LAPORTE, 1836 Di s c u s s i o n : Because T. brevi c a p i t i s n.sp. has flattened temporal protuberances it belongs to the T. bruchi - line GENUS Tet ra p h a l e r u s WATERHOUSE 1901 of genus. Th e y are mostly from Cretaceous beetles of this line and near to Recent T. bruchi HELLER. T. brevi c a p i - Type species: T. oligoc e n i c u s CR OWSON 1962, p. ti s n.sp. distinguished by unnarro w back temporal protu- 15 4 . berances on a shorter head, slight neck-form constriction and prothorax narro wed forward. It differs from the Cre- These beetle remains belong to the fam i l y and the ge- taceous T. verrucosus PO N O M A R E N K O and T. ocho t e n - nus because of a typical tuberculate body, elytra with si s PO N O M A R E N K O by the shape of the head and pro- ro ws of cells, and head with a temporal part as long as the thorax, and larger body. eyes .

Su b o rd e r : Ad e p h a g a EMERY, 1886 Tet r aphalerus brev i c a p i t i s n. s p . Fam i ly : Co p t o c l a vidae PONOMARENKO, 1961 Figures 1.3 and 2.1 GENUS Me ga c o p t o c l a va n. g e n . Et y m o l o gy: Named after its short head in comparison with the other species of this genus. Type species. Megac o p t o c lava longiurogom p h i a n. s p .

Ma t e r i a l : Holotype LC-037-EP, part and counter part Et y m o l o gy: A big Co p t o cl a v a , type genus of the well preserved. It is housed in the Department of Strati- fam i l y. Lower Cretaceous of China. gra p h y and Pal a e o n t o l og y , Faculty of Geology , Univer s i t y of Barcelona, Spain. Di ag n o s i s : La r va flattened, stone-fly- l i k e (Plecoptera) in appearance, with long legs and urogomphs. Head trans- Lo c a l i t y : Found in the La Cabrua fossil-site, in the versal with several stemmata without peritrems and man- Montsec Range, Lleida Province, Spain. di b les with long acute apical and molar teethes. Legs ver y long, crawling; fore legs possibly for catching. Th o r a c i c St ra t i g r aphic position: Be rr i a s i a n - V alanginian after se gments subequal. Abdomen with eight segments, the Brenner et al. (1974); possibly Uppermost Hauterivi a n - third one the widest and the last one the smallest with a Lo wer Barremian in age (Martín-Closas and López-Mo- pair of spiracles. Urogomphi ver y long with numerous rón, 1995). tr a n s v ersal segmentation. There are tracheal stocks with sclerotisated walls. De s c r i p t i o n : Middle sized flattened beetle with typical cupedoid appearance (see Carpe n t e r , 1984). Length Di s c u s s i o n : The construction of mandibles, abdomen 9.3 mm, width 4.8 mm, length of elytra 6 mm, width 1.6 and tracheas allows us to include this larva in the fam i l y mm. Head wea k l y tapered from the temporal projection, Co p t o c l a vidae. The constitution of legs and urogo m p h i as long as broad, 1.8 mm long. Eyes located on the sides distinguished this genus from all others of the fam i l y. of head, temporal part of head as long as eyes; gena is sh o r t. Neck-like constriction weak. Ve rt ex with two flat- Re m a rk s : All known Jurassic and Cretaceous copto- ted protuberances, the same width as their hind part. An - cl a vid larvae were nectic carni vorous animals. Th e y tenna fil i f o r m, 1.5 mm long, goes up to the middle of the swam with their paddle-like middle and hind legs and pronotum. Pronotum as long as broad (1.4 mm), most of caught their victims, mainly larvae of midges, with the its width just below the base. The base of elytra is broader fore legs. Me gac o p t o c lava longiurogom p h i a n.sp. had than the base of the prothorax; the elytra 2.5 times as long long crawling legs as the Plecoptera and Ephemeroptera as broad, disk of elytra with rows of small cells. Metas- la r vae living on stones in fast flowing rivers. This new te r num twice as broad as long, tapered anteriorly, with pa- fo r m was able to live amongst the great charophyte com- ra c o xal suture. Metepisterns are broad, touching the me- munities, previ o u s l y found in the Las Hoyas fossil-site s o - c oxal cavities. Mesocoxae contiguous. Metacox a e (M a r tín-Closas and Diéguez, 1998), where it hunted on

48 Figure 1. 1.- Megacoptoclava longiurogomphia n.gen., n.sp. General reconstruction of the holotype. 2.- M. longiurogomphia n.gen., n.sp., detail of some parts: a) mandibles, b) basal part of the urogomphi, c) fore leg, d) mid leg, e) hind leg. 3.- Tetraphalerus brevicapitis n.sp., holotype in ventral and dorsal view. 4.- Bolbonectus lithographicus n. sp. hind legs and abdomen of the holotype. Scale bar 1 and 2: 3mm; 3: 1.3 mm; 4: 1.8 mm.

49 Figure 2. 1.- Tetraphalerus brevicapitis n.sp., holotype. 2.- Megacoptoclava longiurogomphia n.gen., n.sp., holotype. 3.- Bolbonectus lithographicus n.sp., holotype. al g al-eaters just as some insects or crustaceans also found 19 9 1 a Co n c a p e r la jucaren s i s ; Martínez-Delclòs, fig. 6.3.1 and in Las Hoyas (Martínez-Delclòs, 1991a; Rabadà, 1993; Plate VI, fig. A (recent status: nomen nudum). Garassino, 1997). The crawling legs could be adaptation to cope with waves in the river . The probability of bui r i n g Et y m o l o gy: after its long urogo m p h i . insects with that habitat is ver y low and we have thou- sands specimens normal coptoclavids and a single M a t e r i a l : O n ly the holotype LH-1263, print and specimen of this new type. c o u n t e rprint (larva), from Las Hoyas in Serranía de Cuenca (Cuenca Province, Spain). It has been deposi- ted prov i s i o n a l ly in the Unidad de Pa l e o n t o l ogía, Uni- Me ga c o p t o c l a va longiurogom p h i a n. s p . versidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain. It’s long-term Figures 1.1, 1.2 and 2.2 home will be the Museo de Cuenca, Cuenca, Spain.

50 Another specimen ADR-319-I (print and counterp r i n t from the Upper Jurassic and possible Lower most Creta- of larva), from the same locality, and housed in the Mr. ceous of Transbaikalia (Pon o m a r e n k o, 1987). The species A. Díaz-Romeral collection, could belong to the same Ne c r onectes cyren a i c u s described by Pon o m a r e n k o in s p e c i e s . 1977 from the Hauterivian of Algeria, could really belong to the same genus. Type horizon and locality: Second lithosome of fin e l y laminated limestones of the La Huérguina For mation at Las Hoyas (Cuenca, Spain). Bolbonectus lithogr aphicus n. s p . Figures 1.4 and 2.3 De s c r i p t i o n : Head is almost twice as wide as long. Distance between stemmata smaller as is length of stem- Et y m o l o gy: after lithographic limestone. ma. Length of mandibles is 1.7 times smaller than width. Length of prothorax is rather more than the head with Ma t e r i a l : Holotype LP-1222-P, housed in the Institut ma n d i b les. All thoracic segments subequal. Fore legs are d’Estudis Ilerdencs (Lleida), into the Gómez-Pal l e r o l a sh o rt e r . Tibia and tarsus subequal, femur 1.3 times longer co l l e c t i o n . than tibia. Femur and tibia of middle and hind legs subequal, 1.3 times longer than tarsus. Hind legs longer than L o c a l i t y : Found in the La Pedrera de Rúbies fos- middle ones. The 3rd segment of abdomen is twice as sil-site, in the Montsec Range, Lleida Prov i n c e , wide as the last one. Urogomphi as long as abdomen. Di- S p a i n . mensions.- total length 60 mm, length of head 2.5 mm, thorax 6.9 mm, abdomen 20.3 mm. St ra t i g r aphic position: Be rr i a s i a n - V alanginian after Brenner et al. (1974); possibly Uppermost Hauterivi a n - R e m a rk s : This specimen, because it structural mor- Lo wer Barremian in age (Martín-Closas and López-Mo- p h o l og y, was prev i o u s ly placed in the order Plecoptera, rón, 1995). fa m i ly Ta e n i o p t e ryidae KLAPALEK by Mart í n e z - Delclòs (1991), and named C o n c a p e rla jucare n s i s. D e s c r i p t i o n : The rather large beetle with oval body, N eve rtheless the formal description never took place in widest part in the middle level with the middle cox a e , a paper up to now. This new classification implies that from where body narr ows slightly, in the terminal quar- the order Plecoptera never has appeared in the Lowe r ter more strong. Tip of body blunt. Metasternum trans- Cretaceous from Las Hoyas, and C o n c a p e rla jucare n s i s verse, rounded narr owed anteriorly, hind border angu- need to be considered nomen nudum. l a r ly projects back. Hind coxae oblique, 0.7 times as long as wide, femoral plates big, subquadrate. A b d o m e n GENUS Bo l b o n e c t u s PO N O M A R E N K O 1987 n a rr ow from the base of 4t h s t e rnite, base of the last ster- nite is a half as big as the base of the abdomen. Tip of Type species: Bolbonectes intermedius from Chita re- the posterior abdomen cut out. Fore legs are big and gion, Ar gum district, Bolboy locality, Upper Jurassic- strong, femur wide, narr owed in apical third. Tibia is the Lo wer Cretaceous. same length as femur, slender, slightly curve d, ex p a n d e d in basal third and apically. Apical segment of fore tarsus Ma t e r i a l : Holotype LP-1222-P from La Pedrera de is shorter than the previous one. Hind femur quite simi- Meià fossil locality, in the Montsec Range, Lleida lar to fore one in size an shape. Hind tibia is 1.3 times Pr o vince (Spain). more long as femur, 5 times as long as wide. First fore tarsomere twice as long as wide, second one short e r. R e m a rk s : specimen put into the genus B o l b o n e c t u s E lytra is almost 3 times as long as wide, smooth, with P O N O M A R E N KO 1987 according its wide hind tibia epipleural edge. Dimensions: length of beetle about 35 and tarsus, typical for genus. Elytra with wide epipleu- mm, prothorax 5.2 mm, length of elytra 25 mm, width ral edge is not known in this genus but we suppose that 6.8 mm, length of fore tibia 9 mm, length of hind tibia to describe a new genus by a single and incomplete spe- 10 mm. cimen is not ex p e d i e n t . Di s c u s s i o n : B. lithogra p h i c u s n.sp. differs from the The definitions of subfamilies of Coptoclavidae are other species of the genus because of it’s large r , wider and unrealistic now, and a complete study of the fam i l y it is sl i g h t l y more narro w posterior body, longer hind tibia, ne c e s s a r y. Two species of Bo l b o n e c t u s exist, described and wider epipleural edge.

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