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Home , Amazon molly, Arkansas darter, Banded sunfish, Bayou darter, Bigeye chub, Big Bend gambusia

Threatened Freshwater of the

ROBERT RUSH MILLER 1 Museum o] , The University o/ Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104

ABSTRACT

Threatened, native freshwater fishes are listed for 49 of the 50 U.S. States, the first such compilation. Over 300 kinds are included in a formal classification, cross-indexedto states (Table 1), followed by statelists and the statusof each , whether rare, endangered,depleted, or undetermined. The concern for native fishes and the important factors responsible for threats to their existence are briefly outlined. Although the lists vary from those based on extensive recent state surveys to others in which current information is sparse, publication is expected to enhance the chances for survival through protective legislation (already enacted by a number of states) and stronger concern for such natural resources.

INTRODUCTION committeesduring the period that the infor- It is only within the past decade,princi- mation presentedbelow was being prepared. pally since 1963, that seriousthreats to the Since the late 1960's, particularly in the survivalof many of our uniquenative fishes West but also. in the East, states have been have becomewidely recognized.Committees enactinglegislation and enforcingprotection concernedwith vanishingU.S. wildlife have of endangeredspecies and subspeciesas well been established within scientific societies as as maintainingnatural habitatsand creating well as by the statesand the federal govern- refugia for some of the more critically ment. On a globalbasis, action has been taken threatenedfishes (see, for example,Miller and by the SurvivalService Commission of the In- Pister, 1971). This of effort must be ternational Union for Conservation of Nature extendedinto every state. In June, 1971, a and Natural Resources,based in Morges, bill was introducedinto Congressto establish Switzerland.This has resultedin the prepara- a DesertPupfish National Monumentto save tion of lists of fishes that are or may be in the threatenedpupfishes living east of Death trouble. The EndangeredSpecies Preservation Valley (Deacon and Bunnell, 1970). Such Act of 1966 marked the first concerted effort activitieshave evolvedthrough efforts at pri- to protectour nativefauna. vate, state and federal levels, including the The present effort is the result of the newsmedia, and are increasingas we advance activities of both the Conservation Committee throughthe "environmentaldecade." of the AmericanSociety of Ichthyologistsand This is the first attemptto list the native threatened fishes for each of the 50 U.S. Herpetologists(ASIH) and the Endangered SpeciesCommittee of the AmericanFisheries States;all presentedlists except Rhode Island, Society(AFS), whosemembers have worked which has no threatened fishes (John M. for severalyears to compilelists of threatened Cronan, pers. com., June, 1971). A total of native fishes of the United States. We have 305 kinds are threatened in the United States also utilized the Red Book of Rare and (Table 1). Rare and endangeredfishes of have been treated by McAllister EndangeredFish and Wildlife of the United 11970), with a revisionnow in preparation. States (1968, revisededition in preparation), Recognitionthat speciesor subspeciesof publishedby the U.S. Departmentof the fishesare threatenedlocally or nationally Interior, and the IUCN Red Data Book (Vol. constitutesa primary step that can lead to 4, Pisces,1969). Coordinationof this project the perpetuationof many of them. Without was made easier because the writer has served up-to-datelists of those being threatened, as chairman of the AFS, ASIH, and IUCN however,appropriate action cannotbe taken.

Chairman, EndangeredSpecies Committee, Amer- Although the status of many fishes here ican Fisheries Society. treated is not clear and the completenessof 239 240 TRANS. AMER. FISH. SOC., 1972,NO. 2 the statelistings varies greatly, the present Holton, Clark Hubbs,Robert A. Kuehne,A. C. account is believed to be a reasonable current Lopinot, John S. Ramsey,and William B. assessment(as of July, 1971). For a few Smith. states,the listsare complete;for manythere The arrangementof familiesand the usage is urgentneed for ongoingsurveys; for some, of commonand scientificnames, with only currentinformation is almostnil. Despite a few exceptions,are thoserecommended by theseshortcomings, it is felt that publicationthe Commiittee on Names of Fishes of the of theselists will be of valuein stimulating American FisheriesSociety (Bailey et al., protective legislation for forms known to be 1970). A referenceis providedfor under threat as well as initiatinggreater describedsubsequent to that contribution.All concern for all native wildlife. The states have lists were submittedfor approvalby the the direct responsibilityfor managingand statesprior to publication. regulatingthe taking of fisheswithin their The definitionsemployed for determining borders,and they must provide the required the statusof each fish are thosedeveloped legal protection and enforcementfor threat- by the IUCN, as givenbelow. Onecategory, ened species. "peripheral"fishes, that mighthave been used Someof the factorsresponsible for dimi- in assessingstatus, concerns those fishes nutionof our fish faunashave been common elsewhere but rare in a state. Such (industrial, agricultural,and domestic,in- specieshave been listed as rare for some cludingtoxic chemicalsand pesticides),ex- statesbut not for all. These populations, cessivedamming o.f (producing lentic oftendisjunct, merit inclusionbecause isolated versuslotic habitats), deforestationand over- genepools may have practicaland scientific grazing, channelization,excessive removal of value. ground water, and introduction of exotic species(especially predators or those with Endangered:Actively threatened with extinc- broader ecologicaltolerances than native tion. Continuedsurvival unlikely without the implementationof special protective forms). Exoticsmay alsotransmit parasites measures. and diseases. The role of such factors in depleting,decimating, or exterminatingfishes Rare: Not under immediate threat of extinc- has been treated by Deacon and Bunnell tion, but occurringin suchsmall numbers (1970), Hubbs(1963), Lachneret al. (1970), and/or in sucha restrictedor specialized Larimore and Smith (1963), McDowall habitat that it could quickly disappear. (1968), Miller (1961), Mills et al. (1966), Requirescareful watching. Mincklyand Deacon(1968), Myers (1965), Scott (1963), Smith (1971), Trautman Depleted:Although still occurringin numbers (1957), and others. adequatefor survival,the specieshas been There is an urgentneed to maintain diver- heavily depletedand continuesto decline at a rate substantiallygreater than can sity of life so as to providefor the variety be sustained. of wildlife neededfor recreation,commerce, and scientificstudy. It will take moneyand Indeterminate: Apparently threatened but the effortsof dedicatedand skilledpeople, insufficient data currently available on combiningtheir talents and workingthrough which to base a reliable assessmentof status. legal channels,to produceeffective programs The factor commonto a/l threatenedspecies for halting the depletionof fish resources. is notdeterioration of status,but vulnerability The following served as membersof the to in the foreseeable future. Thus EndangeredSpecies Committee, 1969-1971, populationsof many "rare" speciesare rela- and participatedactively in this endeavor: tively stable,and a "depleted"species may DonaldAndriano, James G. Armstrong,III, be retainedin the lists for a period, after Howard M. Bassett,Carl E. Bond, Robert L. its populationshave startedto increaseas a Borovicka,Alex Calhoun,Leonard Fisk, James result of better management.Numerous fac- R. Gammon,Richard H. Goodyear,George D. tors,both genetic and environmental, affect the MILLER--THREATENED FRESHWATER FISHES 241 probabilityof a species'survival if it is rare whetheror not they are threatened,decisions or subjectedto pressure.Although the status on borderlinecases must, of necessity,be of many speciesleaves little doubt as to made on their individual merits.

TABLE1.--Threatened fishes o! the UnitedStates. •4n asteriskindicates ]orms nationally recognized as endan- gered; the stateslisting eachfish are given.

Lampreys, family Petromyzontidae ,Hiodon tergisusLesueur. Mich, Neb, lamprey, Ichthyomyzonbdellium (Jordan). Ohio, S Dak, Vt, W Va. Md. , family Chestnutlamprey, Ichthyomyzoncastaneus Girard. *Longjaw , alpenae (Koelz). Mich, Kan, Neb. Wisc. Southernbrook lamprey, Ichthyomyzon gagei Hubbs Cisco or , Coregonusartedii Lesueur. and Trautman. Mo. Ohio, Penn. Allegheny brook lamprey, Ichthyomyzon greeleyi Lake whitefish,Coregonus clupea]ormis (Mitchill). Hubbs and Trautman. Penn. N Y, Ohio, Penn. Silver lamprey,Ichthyomyzon unicuspis Hubbs and , Coregonuskiyi (Koelz). Mich, Wisc. Trautman. Neb, S Dak, W Va. ,Coregonus nigripinnis (Gill). Wisc. American brook lamprey, Lainpetra lamottei (Lesu- Shortnose cisco, Coregonus reighardi (Koelz). eur). Conn, Mass, Mo. Wisc. Pit-Klamath brook lamprey, Lainpetra lethophaga Shortjawcisco, Coregonus zenithicus (Jordan and Hubbs (1971). Ore. Evermann). Mich, Wisc. Sturgeons,family Acipenseridae whitefish, Prosopiumabyssicola (Sny- *Shortnose sturgeon,•4cipenser brevirostrum Lesu- der). Ida, . cur. Conn, Del, Md, Mass, N J, N Y, Penn. Roundwhitefish, cylindraceum (Pallas). Lake sturgeon, •4cipenser fulvescens Rafinesque. Conn, N Y. Ala, Ga, In, Mich, Minn, Mo, Neb, N Y, Ohio, Bonnevillecisco, Prosopium gemmi]erum (Snyder). Penn, S Dak, Vt, W Va. Ida, Utah. Atlantic sturgeon,•4clpenser oxyrhynchus Mitchill. Bonnevillewhitefish, Prosopium spilonotus (Sny- Ala, Conn, Del, Ga, Me, Md, Mass, Miss, N der). Ida, Utah. Hamp, N J, Penn, S Car. Little Kern golden , Salmo aguabonitawhitei White sturgeon,Acipenser transmontanus Richard- Evermann. Calif. son. Ida, Mont. *Lahontan cutthroat trout, Salmo clarki henshawi Pallid sturgeon,Scaphirhynchus albus (Forbes and Gill and Jordan. Calif. Richardson). In, Kan, Ky, La, Mo, Mont, Neb, cutthroat trout, Salmo clarki pleuriticus N Dak, S Dak. Cope. Colo, Wyo. Shovelnosesturgeon, Scaphirhynchus platorynchus *Piute cutthroat trout, Salmo clarki seleniris Sny- (Rafinesque). Ala, Ky, Minn, Miss, Okla, S der. Calif. Dak, W Va, Wyo. *Greenback cutthroat trout, Salmo clarki stomias Cope. Colo. Paddlefishes,family Polyodontidae cutthroattrout, Salmo clarki virginalis Paddlefish, Polyodon spathula (Walbaum). Md, (Girard). Colo, N Mex. Minn, Penn, W Va, Wisc. Alvord cutthroattrout, Salmo clarki subsp. Ore. Gars, family Lepisosteidae Westslopecutthroat trout, Salmo clarki subsp. Longnosegar, Lepisosteusosseus (Linnaeus). Del, Mont. S Dak. Eastslopecutthroat trout, Salmo clarki subsp. Shortnosegar, Lepisosteusplatostomus Rafinesque. Mont. Mont. Snake cutthroat trout, Salmo clarki subsp. Alligator gar, Lepisosteusspatula Lac6p•de. Mo. Wyo. Bowfins,family Amiidae SnakeValley cutthroattrout, Salmoclarki subsp. Nev. Bowfin, •4mia calva Linnaeus. Md, Penn, S Dak. *Gila trout, Salmogilae Miller. N Mex. Freshwater eels, family Anguillidae Atlanticsalmon, Salmo salar Linnaeus.Conn, Me, American eel, •4nguilla rostrata (Lesueur). S Dak, Mass, N Hamp, N Y, Vt. Wisc. *Arizona trout, Salmo sp. Ariz. (see Miller, 1972). Redbandtrout, Salmo sp. Calif, Ore. , family Clupeidae Sunapeetrout, Salvelinusalpinus aureolusBean. shad, •41osaalabamae Jordan and Ever- Me, N Hamp. mann. no, Bluebacktrout, Salvelinus alpinus oquassa (Girard). Skipjack herring, •4losachrysochloris (Rafinesque). Me. S Dak. American shad, Alosa sapidissima(Wilson). Del, Brooktrout, Salvelinus]ontinalis (Mitchill). Ohio. NJ, NY. Dolly Varden, Salvelinusmalma (Walbaum). Ore. , Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum). ,family Hiodontidae Ohio. , Hiodon alosoides (Rafinesque). Wisc, Angayukaksurakchar, Salvelinus sp. . Wyo. Arctic grayling, Thymallusarcticus (Pallas). Mont. 242 TRANS. AMER. FISH. SOC., 1972, NO. 2

TABLE I (continued)

Smelts, family Osmeridae Gravel chub, x-punctata Hubbs and Rainbow , Osmerusmordax (Mitchill). N J. Crowe. Wisc. Leastchub, 1otichthys phlegethonfis (Cope). Utah. Mudminnows,family White River spinedace,Lepidomeda albivallis Mil- , Novumbra hubbsi Schultz. ler and Hubbs. Nev. Wash. Little Colorado spinedace, Lepidomeda vittata Central mudminnow, Umbra limi (Kirtland). S Cope. Ariz. Dak, Vt. Spikedace, Meda ]ulgida Girard. Ariz. Pikes, family *Moapa dace, Moapa cofiacea Hnbbs and Miller. Northernmuskellunge, masquinongy masquin- Hornyheadchub, biguttatus (Kirtland). ongy Mitchill. Vt. Neb, S Dak, Wyo. Ohiomuskellunge, Esox masquinongy ohiensis Kirt- Pallid shiner, amnis Hubbs and Greene. land. Ind, Ky, Ohio. Mo. , family Comely shiner, Notropis amoenus (Abbott). Md, Stoneroiler,Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque). NY. La. Pugnoseshiner, Notropis anogenusForbes. Wisc. Mexican stoneroiler,Campostoma ornatum Girard. Popeyeshiner, Notropis ariommus (Cope). W Va. Ariz, Tex. Emerald shiner, Notropis atherinoidesRafinesque. Redside dace, Clinostomuselongatus (Kirtland). Mich. Blackspot shiner, Notropis atrocaudalisEvermann. La. , /unduloides Girard. Del, Md. , Notropis bi/renatus (Cope). Md, Lake chub, Couesiusplumbeus (Agassiz). Mass. River shiner, Notropis blennius (Girard). S Dak, Devils River , Dionda diaboli Hubbs and W Va. Brown. Tex. , Dionda nubila (Forbes). Wisc. Bigeyeshiner, Notropis boopsGilbert. La. Ghost shiner,Notropis buchananiMeek. W Va. Desert dace, Eremichthysacros Hubbs and Miller. , Notropis camurus (Jordan and Meek). La. Western tonguetiedminnow, Exoglossumlaurae hubbsi (Trautman). Ohio. Ironcolorshiner, Notropis chalybaeus (Cope). Del, Eastern tonguetied minnow, Exoglossum laurae Md, Mich, Wisc. laurae (Hubbs). W Va. Chihuahua shiner, Notropis chihuahua Woolman. Cutlips minnow, Exoglossummaxillingua (Lesu- Pugnoseminnow, Notropis emiliae (Hay). Mo. eur). Del, Md, Vt, W Va. Leathersidechub, Gila copei (Jordan and Gilbert). ,Notropis heterodon(Cope). N Wyo. Dak, Penn, S Dak. Thicktail chub, Gila crassicauda (Baird and Gir- Blacknoseshiner, Notropis helerolepisEigenmann ard). Calif. and Eigenmann.Mo, Neb, Penn, S Dak. Red shiner,Notropis lutrensis (Baird and Girard). *Humpback chub, Gila cypha Miller. Ariz, Colo, Wisc. Utah, Wyo. Bonytail, Gila elegans Baird and Girard. Calif, Cape Fear shiner,Notropis mekistocholasSnelson (1971). N Car. Nev, Utah. Colorless shiner, Notropis perpallidus Hubbs and *Mobave chub, Gila mohavensis(Snyder). Calif. Black. La. Roundtail chub, Gila robusta Baird and Girard. N Mex. Silver shiner,Notropis photogenis (Cope). Mich. *Pahranagat chub, Gila robusta jordani Tanner. Proserpineshiner, Notropis proserpinus(Girard). Rosyfaceshiner, Notropis rubellus (Agassiz). S Flame chub, Hemitremia ]lammea (Jordan and Dak. Gilbert). Tenn. Sabineshiner, Notropis sabinae Jordan and Gilbert. Californiaroach, Hesperoleucus symmetricus (Baird Mo. and Girard). Ore. New River shiner, Notropis scabriceps (Cope). Brassy minnow, Hybognathushankinsoni Hubbs. WVa. Mo. Roughheadshiner, Notropis semperasperGilbert. Cypressminnow, hayi Jordan. Mo. Va. Bigeye chub, Hybopsis amblops (Rafinesque). Mich. Silverband shiner, Notropis shumardi (Girard). S Dak. Slender chub, Hybopsiscahni Hubbs and Crowe. Topeka shiner, Notropis topeka Gilbert. Neb, S Dak. , Hybopsis gelida (Girard). Mo, Mont, Neb, S Dak, Wyo. Redfin shiner,Notropis umbratills (Girard). Wisc. Flathead chub, Hybopsisgracilis (Richardson). Skygazer shiner, Notropis uranoscopusSuttkus. S Dak. Ala. Sicklefin chub, Hybopsismeeki Jordan and Ever- , Notropis volucellus (Cope). Wisc. mann. Mo, S Dak. Bluenose shiner, Notropis welaka Evermann and Spotfinchub, Hybopsis monacha (Cope). Tenn. Kendall. Fla, La. Silverchub, Hybopsis storefiana (Kirtland). Mich, Steelcolorshiner, Notropis whipplei (Girard). La. S Dak. Cahaba shiner, Notropis sp. Ala. MILLER--THREATENED FRESHWATER FISHES 243

TABLE 1 (continued)

Minnows, family Cyprinidae (continued) Rustysidesucker, hamiltoni (Raney and Lachner). Va. Suckermouth minnow, mirabilis (Gir- Greater redhorse,Moxostoma valenciennesl Jordan. ard). La, S Dak, W Va, Wyo. Wisc. Kanawha minnow, Phenacobius teretulus Cope. Humpbacksucker, Xyrauchen texanus (Abbott). WVa. Calif, Utah. , Phoxinus eos (Cope). Mass, Neb, S Dak. Freshwater , family , Phoxinus erythrogaster Blue , Ictalurus ]urcatus (Lesueur). Neb, (Rafinesque). Penn, WVa. S Dak. , Phoxlnus neogaeus Cope. Mont, Black bullhead, Ictalurus melas (Rafinesque). Vt. Neb, S Dak, Wyo. , Ictalurus natalis (Lesueur). S Mountain redbelly dace, Phoxinus oreas (Cope). Dak. W Va. , Ictalurus nebulosus (Lesueur). , notatus (Rafines- La, Mo, S Dak. que). Conn, La, Neb. Smoky , Noturus baileyi Taylor. Tenn. Easternslim minnow, Pimephalestenellus parviceps Mountain madtom, Noturus eleutherus Jordan. (Hubbs and Black). Mo. Penn. *Woundfin, Plagopterus argentissimusCope. Ariz, Slender madtom, Noturus exills Nelson. Wisc. Nev, Utah. Yellowfin madtom, Noturus ]lavipinnis Taylor. Ga, *Colorado squawfish, Ptychocheilus lucius Girard. Tenn, Va. Ariz, Calif, Colo, Nev, Utah. Orangefin madtom, Noturus gilberti Jordan and Blacknosedace, atratulus (Hermann). Evermann. Va. Neb, S Dak. Tadpole madtom,Noturus gyrinus (Mitchill). Md. Longnosedace, Rhlnichthys cataractae (Valencien- Margined madtom, Noturus insignis (Richardson). nes). Del, In. Del. *Kendall Warm Springs dace, Rhirdchthys osculus Frecklebelly madtom, Noturus munitus Suttkus and thermalis Hubbs and Kuehne. Wyo. Taylor. Ala, Miss. Owens speckled dace, Rhinichthys osculussubsp. Neoshomadtom, Noturus placldus Taylor. Kan, Calif. Mo. Millicoma dace, Rhinichthys sp. Ore. Northernmadtom, Noturus stigmosus Taylor. Mich. Pearl dace, margarita (Cope). Conn, , Pylodictisolivaris (Rafinesque). Md, Neb, S Dak, W Va, Wyo. Mich, N Dak. Loach minnow, Tiaroga cobitis Girard. Ariz. Widemouthblindcat, Satan eurystomusHubbs and Bailey. Tex. Suckers,family Toothlessblindcat, Trogloglanispattersoni Eigen- , Carplodescyprinus (Lesueur). Md, Vt. mann. Tex. , Carplodes veli]er (Rafines- que). Neb. ,family Longnosesucker, Catostomuscatostomus (Forster). Ozark , .4mblyopsisrosae (Eigenmann). Md, Mass, Penn, S Dak, W Va. Ark, Mo. Modoc sucker,Catostomus microps Rutter. Calif. Northern cavefish,.4mblyopsis spelaea DeKay. Ind. Warner sucker, Catostomus warnerensis Snyder. Spring cavefish,Chologaster agassizi Putnam. Ill. Southerncavefish, Typhlichthyssubterraneus Gir- Shortnose sucker, Chasmistes brevirostris Cope. ard. Ind. Calif, Ore. Pirate ,family Aphredoderidae *Cui-ui, Chasmistescujus Cope. Nev. Blue sucker, Cycleptuselongatus (Lesueur). Ind, Pirate , Aphredoderus sayanus (Gilliams). Mont, N Dak, S Dak, W Va, Wisc. N Y, Penn. ,Deltistes luxatus (Cope). Calif. Trout-perches,family Creek chubsucker, oblongus (Mitchill). Md, Wisc. Trout-perch, omiscomaycus (Walbaum). Lake chubsucker, Erimyzon sucetta (Lac•p•de). Conn, Ky, Mass, Mont, N Dak, S Dak. Wisc. Codfishes,family Gadidac Northern hog sucker, Hypentelium nigricans (Lesu- , Lota lota (Linnaeus). Conn, Mass, Mo, eur). S Dak. Ohio. Black buffalo, niger (Rafinesque). Mich, Neb. Atlantic tomcod, Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum). NJ. Spottedsucker, Minytrema melanops(Rafinesque). Md. , family Cyprinodontidae Bigeye jumprock, Moxostoma ariommum Robins White River springfish, Crenichthys baileyi (Gil- and Raney. Va. bert). Nev. River redhorse, Moxostoma carinaturn (Cope). Railroad Valley springfish, Crenichthys nevadae Fla, Kan, La, Mich, W Va. Hubbs. Nev. Black redhorse, Moxostoma duquesnei (Lesueur). * , dimbollsWales. W Va. Golden redhorse,Moxostoma erythrurum (Rafines- *, Cyprinodon elegans que). Neb, S Dak. Baird and Girard. Tex. 244 TRANS. AMER. FISH. SOC., 1972, NO. 2

TABLE 1 (continued)

Killifishes, family Cyprinodontidae(continued) Sacramentoperch, Archoplitesinterruptus (Gir- , Cyprinodonmacularius Baird and ard). Calif. Girard. Ariz, Calif. Bandedpygmy sunfish, Elassoma zonatum Jordan. *, Cyprinodon nevadensiscalidae Ill. Miller. Calif. , chaetodon Ash Meadows pupfish, (Baird). Del, Md. mionectes Miller. Nev. Bluespottedsunfish, Enneacanthus gloriosus (Hol- *Warm spring pupfish, Cyprinodonnevadensis pec- brook). Del, NY. toralis Miller. Nev. ,Enneacanthus obesus (Girard). Shoshonepupfish, Cyprinodon nevadensis shoshone Del, N.Y. Miller. Calif. Pumpkinseed, gibbosus (Linnaeus). Mo. *Owenspupfish, Cyprinodon radiosus Miller. Calif. Warmouth,Lepomis gulosus (Cuvier). Md, Penn. *Pahrumpkillirish, Empetrichthys latos Miller. Nev. Bantam sunfish,Lepomis symmetricus Forbes. Ill, Goldentopminnow, chrysotus (Giinther). Mo. Mo. Suwanneebass, Micropterusnotius Bailey and Western banded killirish, Fundulus diaphanus Hubbs. Fla. menonaJordan and Copeland. Penn, S Dak. Perches,family Plains killirish, Fundulus kansae Garman. Mo, Mont. Crystal , asprella (Jordan). Spotfinkillirish, Fundulus luciae (Baird). Del. Ala, Miss, Wisc. Starhead topminnow,Fundulus notti (Agassiz). Westernsand darter, Ammocrypta clara Jordanand Mich, Mo, Wisc. Meek. Ia, Mo. Plains topminnow,Fundulus sciadicus Cope. Kan, , Ammocryptapellucida (Put- S Dak. nam). Mich, Ohio, Penn. Waccamaw killirish, Fundulus waccamensisHubbs Scaly sanddarter, Ammocryptavivax Hay. Ky, Mo. and Raney. N Car. , Etheostomaacuticeps Bailey. Barrenstopminnow, Fundulus sp. Tenn. Tenn. , Etheostomaasprigene (Forbes). Ky, Livebearers,family Wisc. *Big Bendgambusia, gaigei Hubbs. Tex. Rainbowdarter, caeruleum Storer. La. San Marcos gambusia,Gambusia georgei Hubbs Bluebreastdarter, Etheostomacamurum (Cope). and Peden. Tex. Ill. *Clear Creekgambusia, Gambusia heterochir Hubbs. Bluntnosedarter, Etheostoma chlorosomum (Hay). Tex. Wisc. *Pecos gambusia,Gambusia nobills (Baird and , Etheostomacinereum Storer. Ky. Girard). N Mex, Tex. Arkansasdarter, Etheostomacragini Gilbert. Kan, Blotchedgambusia, Gambusia senills Girard. Tex. Mo, Okla. Amazonmolly, Poeciliaformosa (Girard). Tex. Coldwaterdarter, Etheostomaditrema Ramseyand *Gila topminnow, occidentalis (Baird Suttkus. Ala, Ga, Tenn. and Girard). Ariz. *, Etheostomafonticola (Jordan and Gilbert). Tex. Silversides,family Atherinidae , Etheostoma/usi[orme (Girard). Brooksilverside, Labidesthes sicculus (Cope). Md, Corm, Mass, Penn. Penn. , Etheostomagrahami (Girard). Mississippisilverside, Menidia audensHay. Mo. Tex. Key silverside,Menidla conchorumHildebrand and , Etheostomahistrio Jordan and Ginsburg. Fla. Gilbert. Ill, Ky, Mo. Waccamawsilverside, Menidia extensaHubbs and , Etheostomamicroperca Jordan and Raney. N Car. Gilbert. Kan, Penn. Yellowcheekdarter, Etheostoma mootel Raney and ,family Gasterosteidae Suttkus. Ark. Fourspine , quadracus (Mit- Nianguadarter, Etheostoma nianguae Gilbert and chill). Mass, Penn. Meek. Mo. , Culaea inconstans (Kirtland). *Watercressdarter, Etheostoma Muchale Howell and Mass, N Mex, Penn, Vt. Caldwell. Ala. Threespinestickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus Lin- Okaloosadarter, Etheostomaokaloosae (Fowler). naeus. Mass. Fla. *Unarmored threespinestickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni Girard. Calif. Waccmnawdarter, Etheostomaperlongum (Hubbs and Raney). N Car. Blackspottedstickleback, Gasterosteus wheatlandi Putnam. N Y. Stippleddarter, Etheostoma punctulatum (Agassiz). Kan. Black stickleback,Gasterosteus sp. Wash. Bayoudarter, Etheostoma rubrum Raney and Sutt- Ninespinestickleback, pungitius (Lin- kus. Miss. naeus). Mass. *Marylanddarter, Etheostoma sellare (Radcliffe and Sunfishes,family Welsh). Md. Mud sunfish,Acantharchus pomotis (Baird). Del, Speckleddarter, Etheostoma stigmaeum (Jordan). Md. Kan. MILLER--THREATENED FRESHWATER FISHES 245

TABLE 1 (continued)

Perches,family Percidae (continued) River darter, shumardi (Girard). Ky, Tippecanoedarter, Etheostomatippecanoe Jordan Mich. and Evermann. Ky, Penn, Tenn, W Va. Olive darter, Percina squamata (Gilbert and , Etheostomatrisella Bailey and Swain). Ky. Richards. Ala, Ga, Tenn. Stargazing darter, Percina uranidia (Jordan and Tuscumbiadarter, Etheostomatuscumbia Gilbert Gilbert). Ky. and Swain. Ala, Tenn. Narrowsaddledarter, Percina sp. Ga, Tenn. Glassydarter, Etheostoma vitreum (Cope). Md. Sauger,Stizostedion canadense (Smith). Ky, Ohio, ,Etheostoma whlpplel (Girard). Mo. W Va. Unnameddarter, Etheostoma sp. Ala. *Blue pike, Stizostedion vitreum glaucum Hubbs. Duck River darter,Etheostoma sp. Tenn. N Y, Ohio, Penn. Goldline darter, Percina aurolineata Suttkus and , Stizostedionvitreum vitreum (Mitchill). Ramsey. Ala, Ga. Ky. Blotchsidelogperch, Percina burtoni Fowler. Tenn, Gobies,family Gobiidae Channeldarter, Percina copelandi (Jordan). Ky, O'opu nakea, Awaous stamineus (Eydoux and W Va. Souleyet). Hawaii. Bluestripe darter, Percina cymatotaenia (Gilbert , Lentipes concolor (Gill). Hawaii. and Meek). Mo. , Lentipes seminudusGlinther. Hawaii. ,Percina evides (Jordan and Copeland). O'opunopili, Sicydium stimpsoni Gill. Hawaii. Ky. ,family Cottidae Freckled darter, Percina lenticula Richards and Rough ,Cottus asperrimus Rutter. Calif. Knapp. Ala, Ga, La, Miss. ,Cottus cognatus Richardson. N J. Longheaddarter, Percina macrocephala(Cope). Shortheadsculpin, Cottus confususBailey and Ky, Penn. Bond. Mont. Blacksidedarter, (Girard). Kan, Bear Lake sculpin, Cottus extensusBailey and S Dak. Bond. Ida, Utah. Longnosedarter, Percina nasuta (Bailey). Mo. Shoshonesculpin, Cottus greenei (Gilbert and Leopard darter, Percina pantherlna (Moore and Cnlver). Ida. Reeves). Okla. Pit sculpin,Cottus pitends Bailey and Bond. Calif, Slenderheaddarter, Percina phoxocephala(Nel- son). Ky, Penn, S Dak. Pygmy soulpin,Cottus pygmaeus Williams. Ala. Roanokelogperch, Percina rex (Jordan and Ever- Spoonheadsculpin, Cottus ricel (Nelson). Mich, mann). Va. Mont, Ohio.

STATE LISTS Arizona In this section ls a list of the fishes for Arizona trout (White Mts.), rare (protected). eachstate, by commonname only, that are Mexican stoneroiler,rare. Humpbackchub, rare and endangered. regardedas threatened,followed by their Little Coloradospinedace, rare. statusas definedpreviously. Spikedace,rare (possiblyendangered). Woundfin,rare and endangered. Alabama Loachminnow, rare and endangered. Lakesturgeon, depleted (possibly cxtinct). Desert pupfish, rare. Atlantic sturgeon,depleted. Shovelnosesturgeon, depleted. Gila topminnow,rare and endangered(under propagation). Skygazershiner, rare. Cahabashiner, rare (possiblyendangered). Frecklebellymadtom, depleted. Ozark cavefish,rare. Crystaldarter, depleted. Yellowcheekdarter, rare. Coldwaterdarter, depleted. California Watercressdarter, rare and endangered. Trispot darter, rare (possiblyextinct). Thosespecies marked by an asteriskare fully Tuscumbiadarter, depleted. protected by provisions of the State Fish and Unnamed darter (CypressCr.), rare (possibly Game Code enacted in 1970. endangered). Goldline darter, rare (possiblyendangered). Lahontancutthroat trout, depleted. Freckled darter, depleted. *Piute cutthroattrout, depleted. Little Kern golden trout, depleted. Pygmy sculpin, rare and endangered. Redband trout (a few of McCloud R. basin), rare. Alaska *Thicktail chub, indeterminate(possibly extinct). Angayukaksurakchar (N. slope, Brooks Range), Bonytail, rare. rare. *Mohavechub, endangered. 246 TRANS. AMER. FISH. SOC., 1972, NO. 2

*Coloradosquawfish, endangered. (•eor•a Owens speckled dace, indeterminate. Lake sturgeon,depleted. *Modoc sucker,indeterminate. Atlantic sturgeon, depleted. *Shortnosesucker, rare. Yellowfin madtom, rare (possibly extinct). *Lost River sucker,rare. *Humpbacksucker, rare. , depleted. Trispot darter, rare. Tecopa pupfish,endangered (possibly extinct). Goldline darter, rare (possibly endangered). Shoshonepupfish, endangered(possibly extinct). Freckled darter, depleted. *, endangered (Miller and Pister, Narrowsaddle darter (Conasauga R. of Coosa R. 1971). drainage), rare. Desert pupfish, depleted. *Unarmored threespinestickleback, endangered. Hawaii Sacramentoperch, depleted. O'opu nakea, depleted (on Oahu). Rough sculpin, indeterminate. Lentipes concolor,rare and endangered. Pit scalpin, indeterminate. Lentipes seminudas,rare (extinct on Oahu). O'opu nopili, rare (on Oahu). Colorado ColoradoRiver cutthroattrout, rare and endangered. Greenback cutthroat trout, rare a'nd endangered. Fishing is permitted for sturgeon, but all must be released. Rio Grande cutthroat trout, rare and endangered. Humpback chub, rare and endangered. White sturgeon,rare and endangered. Coloradosquawfish, rare. , rare. , rare. Bonneville whitefish, rare. American brook lamprey, rare. Bear Lake sculpin, rare. Shortnosesturgeon, endangered. Shoshonesculpin, rare. Atlantic sturgeon, endangered. Round whitefish (East Twin L., possibly intro- duced), endangered. All of the fishes listed are protected in the , endangered. Illinois Game and Fish Codes. Bluntnoseminnow, rare. Spring cavefish,rare. Pearl dace, rare. Banded pygmy sunfish, rare. Trout-perch,rare. Bantam sunfish, rare. Burbot, endangered. , rare. Swamp darter, rare. Harlequin darter, rare.

De&ware Shortnosesturgeon, endangered. All of these fishes are protected from harvest Atlantic sturgeon, depleted. of any kind. Longnose gat, endangered (possibly extinct). , endangered. American shad, depleted. Blue sucker, rare. Rosysidedace, rare. Northern cavefish, endangered. Cutlips minnow, rare. Southern cavefish, endangered. Ironcolor shiner, endangered(possibly extinct). Longnosedace, rare. lowa Marglued madtom, rare. Both sturgeonsare protectedby State or Federal Spotfin killirish, rare. regulations. Mud sunfish, endangered. Lake sturgeon, rare and endangered. Blackbanded sunfish, indeterminate. Pallid sturgeon, rare and endangered. Bluespottedsunfish, rare. Banded sunfish, indeterminate. Blacknoseshiner, rare. Longnose dace, rare. Western sand darter, rare. Bluenose shiner, rare. River redhorse, endangered. Key silverside,rare and endangered. Present evidenceindicates that neither the bigeye chub nor the still exist in Kansas. Suwannee bass, rare. Okaloosadarter, rare (possiblyendangered). Chestnut lamprey, rare. MILLER--THREATENED FRESHWATER FISHES 247

Pallid sturgeon,rare. Rosysidedace, rare. River redhorse,depleted. Cutlips minnow, depleted. Comely shiner, depleted. Neoshomadtom, endangered. Bridle shiner, rare and depleted. Plains topminnow, rare. Ironcolor shiner, rare and depleted. Pearl dace, rare and depleted. , depleted. Least darter, rare. Quillback, depleted. , rare. Longnosesucker, rare and endangered. , rare. Creek chubsucker,depleted. Blackside darter, rare. Spottedsucker, rare and endangered. Tadpolemadtom, rare and depleted. Brook silverside,rare. Pallid sturgeon,endangered. Mud sunfish,rare and endangered. Shovelnosesturgeon, endangered. Blackbanded sunfish, rare and endangered. Warmouth, depleted. Ohio muskellunge,rare. darter, rare and endangered. Trout-perch, endangered. Glassydarter, rare and endangered. , rare. Mud darter, rare and endangered. Ashy darter, rare. Harlequin darter, rare and endangered. Americanbrook lamprey,rare. Tippecanoedarter, endangered. Shortnosesturgeon, rare and endangered. , rare. Atlantic sturgeon,rare and endangered. Gilt darter, rare. Loughead darter, endangered. Atlantic salmon,rare and endangered. Slenderhead darter, rare. Lake chub, rare and depleted. River darter, rare. Emeraldshiner, rare and depleted. Olive darter, rare. Northern redbellydace, rare and depleted. Stargazing darter, rare. Sauger, depleted. Longnosesucker, rare. Walleye, depleted. Trout-perch,rare and endangered. Burbot, rare and depleted. Fourspinestickleback, rare. Pallid sturgeon, rare. Brook stickleback,rare. Stoneroiler, rare. Threespinestickleback, rare. Blackspot shiner, rare. Ninespinestickleback, rare. , rare. Swamp darter, rare. Bluntface shiner, rare. Colorlessshiner, rare. Michigan Bluenose shiner, rare. Steelcolor shiner, rare. Lake sturgeon,rare and endangered. Suckermouth minnow, rare. Bluntnose minnow, rare. Mooneye,rare. Longjaw cisco, almost extinct. River redhorse, rare. Kiyi, rare and endangered. (undescribed form from Shortjawcisco, rare and endangered. on E. side Miss. R.), rare. Redside dace, rare. FLeckled darter, rare and endangered. Bigeye chub, rare. Silver chub, rare. Maine Ironcolor shiner, rare. Silver shiner, rare. Atlantic sturgeon,rare (possibly extinct). Black buffalo, rare. Atlantic salmon, rare and endangered ( sea-run River redhorse,rare. form). Sunapee trout, rare and endangered. Northern madtom, rare. Blueback trout, rare. Flatheadcatfish, rare. Starheadtopminnow, depleted. Maryland Eastern sand darter, rare. River darter, rare. Ohio lamprey, rare and depleted. Spoonheadsculpin, rare and depleted. Shortnosesturgeon, rare. Atlantic sturgeon, depleted. Paddlefish, rare and depleted. All of the followingare legally protectedby Bowfin, rare and endangered. closed seasonor by size limit and/or bag limit. 248 TRANS. AMER. FISH. SOC., 1972, NO. 2

Lake sturgeon, rare. Shortheadsculpin, rare. Shovelnosesturgeon, rare. Spoonheadsculpin, rare. Paddlefish, rare. Chestnut lamprey, endangered. Atlantic sturgeon, depleted. Silver lamprey, endangered. Shovelnosesturgeon, depleted. Lake sturgeon,endangered. Frecklebelly madtom, depleted. Pallid sturgeon,endangered. , depleted. Mooneye, endangered. , rare (possibly endangered). Sturgeon chub, endangered (possibly extinct). Freckled darter, depleted. Hornyheadchub, rare. Blacknose shiner, rare. Topeka shiner, endangered. Southern brook lamprey, rare. Northern redbelly dace, rare and endangered. American brook lamprey, rare. Finescale dace, endangered. Bluntnose minnow, endangered (possibly extinct). Lake sturgeon,endangered or depleted. Blacknose dace, endangered. Pallid sturgeon,endangered or depleted. Pearl dace, rare. Alligator gar, rare. Highfin carpsucker,endangered (possibly extinct). Alabama shad, rare. Black buffalo, indeterminate. Golden redhorse, rare. Brassyminnow, rare. Cypressminnow, endangeredor extinct. , indeterminate. Sturgeon chub, rare or endangered. Sicklefin chub, rare or endangered. Pallid shiner, endangered or extinct. Pugnose•ninnow, rare (possibly endangered). All of the following except the trout and wound- Blacknoseshiner, depleted. fin are legally protected although the Indians of Sabine shiner, rare. Pyramid Lake utilize the cui-ui for food. Pure Eastern sli•n minnow, rare. stocks of the Lahontan cutthroat trout are scarce, but it is propagated as a ; the White Brown bullhead, rare. River springfish is in a protected refuge near Neosho madtom, rare or endangered. Sunnyside. Ozark cavefish, rare. Snake Valley cutthroat trout (Spring Valley), rare. Burbot, rare. Desert dace, rare. Golden topminnow,endangered or extinct. Bonytail, endangered. Plains killirish, rare. Pahranagat roundtail chub, rare and endangered. Starhead topminnow,depleted. White River spinedace,rare. Mississippi silverside, rare. Moapa dace, rare and endangered. Woundfin, rare and endangered. Pumpkinseed, rare. Colorado squawfish,rare and endangered. Bantam sunfish, rare. Cui-ui, rare and endangered. Western sand darter, depleted. Scaly sand darter, depleted. White River springfish,rare. Arkansas darter, rare. Railroad Valley springfish, rare. Harlequindarter, rare (possiblyendangered). , rare and endangered. , rare. Ash Meadows pupfish, endangered. Redfin darter, endangered or extinct. Warm Spring pupfish, rare and endangered. Bluestripe darter, rare. Pahrump killlrish, rare and endangered. Longnosedarter, rare (possiblyendangered). New Hampshire Atlantic sturgeon, rare. White sturgeon, rare. Pallid sturgeon, rare. Atlantic salmon, rare (sea-run form). Sunapeetrout, endangered. Shortnose gar, rare. Arctic grayling, rare. Westslopecutthroat trout, endangered. Eastslopecutthroat trout, endangered. Shortnosesturgeon, endangered. Atlantic sturgeon, rare. Sturgeon chub, rare. Finescale dace, rare. American shad, rare. Blue sucker, rare. , endangered. Trout-perch, rare. Atlantic tomcod,indeterminate. Plains killirish, rare. Slimy sculpin, indeterminate. MILLER--THREATENED FRESHWATER FISHES 249

New Rio Grande cutthroat trout, rare and endangered. Pit-Klamath brook lamprey, rare. Gila trout, rare and endangered. Alvord cutthroat trout, rare. Roundtailchub, endangered(perhaps extinct in Gila Redband trout, rare. R. basin). Dolly Varden, rare (only in Klamath basin). Pecos gambusia, endangered. California roach, rare. Millicoma dace (restricted to CoosR. system), rare. Brook stickleback,rare (relict). Warner sucker, rare. Shortnosesucker, rare. Shortnosesturgeon, endangered. Pit sculpin, rare (possibly extinct). Lake sturgeon,rare. American shad, indeterminate. Lake whitefish, indeterminate. Allegheny brook lamprey, rare. Round whitefish, rare. Shortnosesturgeon, endangered. Atlantic salmon, rare (landlocked form). Lake sturgeon,endangered. Comelyshiner, probably depleted in HudsonRiver Atlantic sturgeon,endangered. drainage. Paddlefish, endangered. , endangered. Bowfin, depleted. Blackspottedstickleback, endangered. Cisco or lake herring, rare. Bluespottedsunfish, rare. Lake whitefish, rare. Banded sunfish, rare. Bridle shiner, rare. Blue pike, endangered. Blackchin shiner, endangered. Blacknose shiner, endangered. Southernredbelly dace, depleted. Longnose sucker, endangered. Cape Fear shiner, rare. Mountain madtom, endangered. Waccamaw killirish, rare. Waccamaw silverside, rare. Pirate perch, endangered(possibly extinct). Western banded killirish, depleted. , rare. Brook silverside, rare. Fourspine stickleback, endangered. Pallid sturgeon, rare. Brook stickleback,rare. Blackchin shiner, rare. Warmouth, rare. Blue sucker, endangered. Eastern sand darter, endangered. Swamp darter, endangered (possibly extinct). Flathead catfish, rare. Least darter, endangered. Trout-perch, rare. , endangered. Longhead darter, endangered. Ohio Slenderhead darter, endangered. Blue pike, endangered. Lake sturgeon,endangered. Mooneye, rare. Cisco or lake herring, rare. Atlantic sturgeon,depleted. Lake whitefish, rare. Brook trout, rare. Lake trout, endangered. Silver lamprey, endangered. Great muskellunge, rare. Lake sturgeon, endangered. Western tonguetied minnow, endangered. Pallid stttrgeon, rare. Burhot, rare. Shovelnosesturgeon, depleted. Eastern sand darter, depleted. Longnose gay, rare. Sauger, rare. Bowfin, rare. Blue pike, endangered(commercially extinct). American eel, endangered. Spoonheadsculpin, depleted. Skipjack herring, rare. Mooneye,endangered. Shovelnosesturgeon, rare and endangered. Central mudnfinnow,rare. Arkansasdarter, rare and endangered. Sturgeon chub, rare. Leoparddarter, rare and endangered. Flathead chub, rare. 250 TRANS. AMER. FISH. SOC., 1972, NO. 2

Sicklefin chub, rare. Utah Silver chub, rare. Bear Lake whitefish, rare. Hornyhead chub, rare. Bonneville cisco, rare. River shiner, rare. Bonneville whitefish, rare. Blackchin shiner, endangered. Blacknoseshiner, endangered. Humpback chub, rare and endangered. Rosyfaceshiner, rare. Bonytail, depleted. Silverband shiner, rare. Least chub, rare. Topeka shiner, rare. Woundfin, rare and endangered. Suckermouth minnow, endangered (possibly ex- Colorado squawfish,rare and endangered. tinct). Humpback sucker, rare. Northern redbelly dace, rare. Finescale dace, rare. Bear Lake soulpin, rare. Blacknose dace, rare. Pearl dace, endangered. Longnose sucker, rare. Since the Sunapee trout has not been reported Blue sucker, depleted. in the state for over 30 years, it is prestonedto be Northern hog sucker, rare. extinct. Golden redhorse,rare. Blue catfish, rare. Lake sturgeon, endangered. Yellow bullhead, rare. Mooneye, rare. Brown bullhead, rare. Atlantic salmon, depleted (landlocked form). Trout-perch, rare. Central mudminnow, rare. Banded killirish, rare. Plains topminnow, rare. Northern muskellunge,endangered. Blackside darter, rare. Cutlips minnow, rare. Slenderhead darter, rare. Quillback, rare. Black bullhead, rare. Brook stickleback, rare. Flame dace, depleted. Slender chub, rare and endangered. Spotfin chub, endangered. Roughhead shiner, rare. Smoky •nadtom,rare (possiblyextinct). Yellowfin madtom, rare and endangered (see Bigeye jumprock, rare. Taylor et al., 1971). Rustyside sucker, rare. Barrens topminnow (Duck and Cumberland R. Yellowfin madtom, rare. drainages), rare. Orangefin madtom, rare. Sharpheaddarter, rare (possiblyextinct). Blotchsidelogperch, rare. Coldwater darter, rare. Roanoke , rare. Tippecanoedarter, depleted. Trispot darter, rare. Tuscmnbiadarter, endangered(possibly extinct). Duck River darter, rare. Olympic mudminnow,rare. Blotchsidelogperch, rare. Black stickleback. rare. Narrowsaddledarter (ConasaugaR. of Coosa R. drainage), rare. Silver lamprey, rare. Mexican stoneroiler, rare. Lake sturgeon,endangered (possibly extinct). Devils River minnow, rare. Shovelnosesturgeon, rare, endangered,and depleted. Chihuahua shiner, rare. Proserpine shiner, rare. Paddlefish, rare, endangered,and depleted. Widemouth blindcat, rare. Mooneye, rare. Toothless blindcat, rare. Eastern tonguetiedminnow, depleted. ComancheSprings pupfish, rare and endangered. Cutlips minnow, depleted. Popeye shiner, rare, endangered, and depleted. Big Bend gambusia,rare. River shiner, depleted. San Marcos gambusia,rare. Ghost shiner, depleted. Clear Creek gambusia,rare. New River shiner, depleted. Pecosgambusia, rare and endangered. Suckermouth minnow, depleted. Blotched gambusia,rare. Kanawha minnow, rare and depleted. Amazon molly, rare. Southern redbelly dace, rare. Fountain darter, rare. Mountain redbelly dace, depleted. Rio Grande darter, rare. Pearl dace, rare and depleted. MILLER--THREATENED FRESHWATER FISHES 251

Lo.ngnosesucker, rare (perhaps extinct). GeorgeBecker, Robert J. Behnke,Peter L. Blue sucker, rare, endangered,and depleted. River redhorse, rare. Berrien,Colton H. Bridges,C. J. D. Brown, Black redhorse,depleted. BernardT. Carter,James P. Carter,Robert C. Tippecanoe darter, rare. Cashner,Lyle M. Christenson,Russell A. Cook- Channel darter, rare. ingham,Edwin C. Cooper,Frank B. Cross, Sauger, depleted. Franklin C. Daiber, JamesE. Deacon,David

lVisconsgn A. Etnier, R. L. Evans,Glen R. Foster,Bennie J. routenot, Jr., Carter R. Gilbert, LeonardC. Paddlefish, rare. Halnon, Paul E. Hamer, Robert L. Hanten, American eel, rare. RobertW. Harrington,Jr., DonaldS. Heintzel- Goldeye, rare. man,Dale L. Henegar,Carl L. Hubbs,Robert Longjaw cisco, endangered. Kiyi, rare (). E. Jenkins,Walter T. Keller, Earl R. Kendie, Blackfin cisco, rare (; probably ex- ClaytonLakes, C. C. Lindsey,John A. Macio- tinct in Lake Michigan). lek, JamesMayhdw, Maurice F. Mettee,Jr., Shortnosecisco, rare (Lake Superior) and endan- gered (Lake Michigan). Robert L. Miles, W. L. Minckley, JamesE. , rare (Lake Michigan). Morrow, John A. Musick,George S. Myers, Ozark minnow, rare. Arthur E. Newell, Carl E. Parker, William L. Gravel chub, endangered. Pflieger,A. BrucePyle, Edward C. Raney,C. Pugnoseshiner, endangered. Ironcolor shiner, indeterminate. Richard Robins, Donn E. Rosen, James C. Red shiner, rare. Schmulbach,Victor J. Schuler, Frank J. Redfin shiner, depleted. Mimic shiner, endangered. Schwartz,James C. Simpson,Philip W. Smith, Royal D. Suttkus,H. O. Swenson,Michio Blue sucker, rare. Creek chubsucker, indeterminate. Takata,Bruce A. Thompson,Thomas J. Tre- Lake chubsucker, rare. lease,O. L. Wallis,Arthur N. Whitney,Walter Greater redhorse, indeterminate. R. Whitworth,and ColeW. Wilde. Slender madtom, endangered. For financial support of field studies on Starhead topminnow, rare. rare and endangeredspecies ! am indebtedto Crystal darter, indeterminate. the , National Science Mud darter, rare. , indeterminate. Foundation(GB-4854, 1487l), National Wild- life Federation,and the ZoologicalSociety ]Vyomlng of SanDiego. Three species,the humpbackchub, bonytail, and Coloradosquawfish, are now believedto be extinct in LITERATURE CITED the state. BAILEY, R. M., J. E. FITCH, E. S. HEaALD,E. A. Shovelnosesturgeon, rare and endangered. LACHNr.a, C. C. LINDSEY,C. R. ROBINS, AND Goldeye, rare and endangered. W. B. SCOTT. 1970. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United ColoradoRiver cutthroattrout, rare and endangered. States and Canada. 3rd ed. Amer. Fish. Soc. Snake River cutthroat trout, rare. Spec. Publ. 6: 1-150. Leatherside chub, rare and endangered. DEACON,J., AND S. BUNNELL. 1970. Man and pup- Sturgeonchub, rare and endangered. fish. Cry California 5(2): 14-21. Hornyheadchub, rare and endangered. HuBBs, C. L. 1971. Lampetra (Entosphenus) leth- Suckermouthminnow, rare and endangered. ophaga, new species,the nonparasitic derivative Finescale dace, rare and endangered. of the Pacific lamprey. Trans. San Diego Soc. Kendall Warm Springs dace, rare. Nat. Hist. 16(6): 125-164. Pearl dace, rare and endangered. HuBBs, CLAaI•. 1963. An evaluation of the use of rotenone as a means of "improving" sports ACKNOWLEDGMENTS fishing in the Concho River, Texas. Copeia 1963(1): 199-203. This paperconstitutes a reportof the En- LAC}INEa,E. A., C. R. ROBINS,AN, W. R. COURTENAY, Ja. 1970. Exotic fishes and other aquatic orga- dangeredSpecies Committee, the membership nisms introduced into . Smith- of whichhas alreadybeen listed. Important sonJan Contrib. Zool. 59: 1-29. contributionswere also made by the following: LAR1MORE,R. W., AND P. W. SMITH. 1963. The Marvin O. Allurn, Charles Backlund, Reeve fishesof ChampaignCounty, Illinois, as affected by 60 years of changes. Bull. Ill. Nat. M. Bailey,Richard E. Bass,George T. Baxter, Hist. Surv. 28(2): 299-382. 252 TRANS. AMER. FISH. SOC., 1972, NO. 2

MCALLISTER,D. E. 1970. Rare or endangered western fishes and the enigma of "endangered Canadian fishes. Can. Field-Nat. 84(1): 5-8. species." Science 159(3822): 1424-1432. McDowall, R. M. 1968. Interactionsof the native MYERS,G. S. 1965. Gambusla, the fish destroyer. and alien faunas of New Zealand and the Trop. Fish Hobbyist 13(5): 31-32, 53-54. problem of fish introductions. Trans. Amer. SCOTT,W. B. 1963. A review of the changes in Fish. Soc. 97(1): 1-11. the fish fauna of . Trans. Roy. Can. MILLER,R. R. 1961. Man and the changingfish Inst. 34(2): 111-125. fauna of the American Southwest. Paper Mich. SMITH, P. W. 1971. Illinois streams: a classification Acad. Sci., Arts, and Letters 46 (1960): 36•404. based on their fishes and an analysisof factors ---. 1972. Classification of the trouts of Arizona responsiblefor disappearanceof native species. with the description of a new species, Salmo Biol. Notes Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. 76: 1-14. apache. Copeia 1972(3)--in press. SNELSON,F. F., JR. 1971. Notropis mekistocholas, , AND E. P. PISTER. 1971. Management of a new herbivorous cyprinid fish endemic to the Owens pupfish, Cyprinodon radiosus, in the Basin, North Carolina. Mono County, California. Trans. Amer. Fish. Copeia 1971(3): 449•162. Soc. 100(3): 502-507. TAYLOR,W. R., R. E. JENKINS,AND E. A. LACItl•ER. MILLS, H. B., W. C. STARRETT,AND F. C. BELLROSE. 1971. Rediscoveryand description of the icta- 1966. Man's effect on the fish and wildlife lurid catfish, Noturus ]lavlpinnis. Proc. Biol. of the . Biol. Notes Ill. Nat. Soc. Wash. 83(41): 469-476. Hist. Surv. 57: 1-24. TRAUTMA•, M. B. 1957. The fishes of Ohio. MINCKLEY,W. L., AND J. E. DSACON.1968. South- Ohio State Univ. Press, Columbus, 683 pp.