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Home , Elijah Adlow, Simon Bolivar Buckner

1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6277

Mr. PEPPER. That is the explana~ take up the nomination at this hour of MARYLAND tion, I am sure. But we have no such the day. Therefore I believe it should Laura E. Linkins, Cabin John. analogous situation here. go over. MINNESOTA Mr. BARKLEY. I think the Senator­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ Gust A. Oberg, Deerwood. from Florida should consult the chair~ out objection, the nomination will be man of the Committee on Commerce be­ passed over. NEW YORK fore asking unanimous consent that the Norman Rice, Clintondale, change be made. POSTMASTERS Mr. PEPPER. I shall be glad to do so. The legislative clerk proceeded to PENNSYLVANIA Had this not been such a palpable mat­ read sundry nominations of "Postmasters. Jessie D. Houck, Cairnbroolr. ter, I would have conferred with the Mr. BARKLEY. I ask unanimous con­ John C. Dunlap, Cherry Tree. chairman of the Committee on Com­ sent that the nominations of postmasters merce, of course, before bringing it up. I be confirmed en bloc, and that the Presi­ Lula M. Morton, Rand. shall be glad to confer with him to­ dent be notified forthwith of the confir- morrow. mation of the nominations. · Mr. BARKLEY. As a matter of fact, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ I am not so certain that it should not out objection, the nominations are con­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES go to the Committee on Finance, which firmed en bloc; and, without objection, the President wm be notified forthwith deals with financial matters generally. TUESDAY, JUNE 19, 1945 Mr. . PEPPER. As I have said I shall of the confirmation of the nominations. bring up the matter tomorrow. THE MARINE CORPS The House met at 12 o'clock noon. EXECUTIVE SESSION The legislative clerk read the nomina­ The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Mont­ tion of Roy S. Geiger to be lieutenant gomery, D. D., offered the following Mr. BARKLEY. I move that the Sen~ prayer: ate proceed to the consideration of ex­ general in the Marine Corps. ecutive business. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ ·we thank Thee, eternal God, our The motion was agreed to; and the out objection, the nomination is con­ Father, for all Thy bountiful blessings, Senate proceeded to the consideration firmed; and, without objection, the Pres­ and pray that we may use them for the of executive business. ident will be immediately notified of the advancement of good among our fellow confirmation of the nomination. men. 0 Thou who givest all life, with EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED That completes the calendar. Thee may we know and find the strength The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be­ RECESS of its meaning. B8yond doing good is fore the Senate· messages from the Pres­ being good; undergird and uphold our ident of the submitting Mr. BARKLEY. As in legislative ses­ firm belief in its ultimate triumph. Help sundry nominations, which were referred s-ion, I move that the Senate take a re­ us to walk in the ways of Thy command­ to the Committee on Foreign Relations. cess until tomorrow at 12 o'clock noon. ments and keep our expectant eyes to­

. \ 6288 'CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 19 Mr. IZAC. . . I am . just wondering SEC. 2. The act of June 30, 1944, entitled arbitrarily fixed repayments w.ere too­ whether it would not be possible to en­ ••An act to provide additional pay f01· enlisted heavy and unjust. This injustice was men of the Army assfgned to the Infantry recognized by Congress and a law was large this bill to extend it to include the who are awarded the expert infantryman artillerymen who sometimes serve in the badge or the combat infantryman badge," is passed granting a moratorium on these front lines as well as the combat infan­ amended by inserting at the end thereof a.' repayments until a study . could recom­ trymen? In other words, the new section reading as follows: mend a better method of repayments. today is composed of a large number of "SEc. 4. During the present war and for 6 In answer to that.Iaw this bill provides Infantry units and one Artillery unit. months thereafter, any enlisted man in the. for a sliding scale of payments so that The Artillery unit is required to serve as Medical Corps of the Army who is entitled the payments in each year will be gaged a machine-gun section, as ihfantrymen, to wear the ~xpert medical corpsman badge by the amount of water in the reservoir. shall be paid additional compensation at the Nothing. is forgiven of any part of in_. and in various categories. · I do not see rate of $10 per month." why we should discriminate against. any­ debtedness and all of the indebtedness body who serves in the front line, wheth..; With the following committee amend­ on this good project will eventually be er he be artilleryman, infantryman, ment: paid back to the Treasury, but it will be chaplain, or in this case a medical corps­ Strike out all after the enacting clause and gaged in amount and time according to man. Ido not want to object to this bill, insert in lieu thereof the following: "That the amount of water in the reservoir. but it does seem to me that we should during the present war and for 6 months This is an eminently fair bill to the Gov­ rec-ognize all arms of the service in the thereafter, any enlisted man of the Army ernment and to the farmers under the who ~s entitled, under regulations prescribed project. same way when they are engaged in the by the Secretary of War, to wear the medical same type of service. badge shall be paid additional compensation. Mr. KEAN. As the gentleman for Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. Speaker, will at the rate of $10 per month: Provided, That whom the dam was named would have the gentleman yield? any enlisted men whose right to wear the said, they hired the money at that time Mr. COLE of New York. I yield. medical badge has been temporarily sus­ and made the arrangement when the Mr. SPARKl\.fAN. In reply to the gen­ pended may, under regulations prescribed dam was built for a 25-year period, and. tleman from California I may say that by the Secretary of War, continue to be it was extended 10 years later to a 40- paid such .additional compensation. year period: now it is ·being extended we provided by a bill which. we discussed "SEc. 2, The appropriations heretofore or on the floor of the House a year or so hereafter made for 'Finance Service, Army,' again. ago for the making of all combat troops shall be available for carrying into effect the Mr. MURDOCK. It is a matter of eligible for that recognition. We amend­ provisions of this act. ' equity to those farmers, both whites and ed the bill here oa the floor in order to "SEC. 3. The provisions of this act shall Indians, and I think the gentleman after make all front-line services eligible for become effective on the first day of the whom the dam was named, with all of that recognition. It ·passed both Houses month following its enactment. The addi­ his economy, would have of Congress and became law. It is sub­ tional compensation provided by this act approved of this businesslike arrange_. shall not be paid for any retroactive period ment provided in this bill. After all, I ject to regulation by the· War Depart­ pr1or to the date of the actual award of the ment. The medics, however, could not medical badge." must say that the passage of. this bill possibly be brought in because of the fact will start payments again into the Trea~?=-­ that they were not. combat troops. The The committee ameadment was agreed ury. Here is an unusual bill in that it act that we passed a year or so ago pro­ to. · brin.gs money into the Treasury imme .. vided for all combat elements· subject to The bill was ordered to be engrossed diately on passage. such regulations as the War Department and read a third time, was read the third· Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, might prescribe. For some reason the time, and passed, and a motion to recon_. there appears to be some opposition to War Department has not seen fit to ex­ sider was laid on the table. this bill being passed by unanimous con­ tend it beyond the Infantry as among THE SAN CARLOS ffiRIGATION PROJECT sent and I ask unanimous consent that it be passed over . . the combat troops. This bill takes care The Clerk called the bill

6296 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 19 a fine job in supplying our allies. It must in the war, the authority for obtaining ice), personnel of any of the services men­ be understood the war is not over yet. . I this article by expropriation is con­ tioned herein and their dependents may be accepted as tenants in and may occupy on am sure the gentleman from Indiana tained in this bill. We have a war to a rental basis any such housing facilities, knows that as well as any Member of fight. It is a bitter and savage war. I other than public quarters constructed or the House. We are now fighting an for one want to see the authority con­ designated for assignment to and occupancy enemy apparently more desperate and tained in this act continued and not without charge by such personnel and their m{)re dangerous than the one we have circumscribed by petty amendments dependents if any, and such personnel shall just defeated. In China we have an ally; which would cripple our efforts to push not be deprived by reason of such occu­ a nation without preparation for war. the war to an early victory. pancy of money allowances to which they. are Their vast manpower is untrained. They I hope that this bill is adopted as otherwise entitled for rental of quarters. have no technological achievement of originally reported to the House. The bill was ordered to be engrossed any kind. If the War Department or Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will and read a third time, was read the the Navy Department should happen to the gentleman yield? third time, and passed, and a motion requisition something which is needed Mr. BROOKS. I yield. to r:econsider wa~ laid on the table: by Russia, this amendment would pro­ Mr. McCORMACK. The gentleman is· REQUISITION OF PROPERTY FOR hibit lend-lease from furnishing i.t to a member of the Committee on Military . NATIONAL DEFENSE China, or to any other of our allies. Cer­ Affairs. Is it the opinion of the gentle­ tainly in this bloody war it is costing us man, and does the gentleman agree with · The Clerk called the bill (H. R. 3234) so much in proportion and has taken me that the result of this amendment to amend the act entitled "An act to such a heavy toll of the lives of our men might limit the needs of the War Depart­ authorize the President of the United in the Pacific battle fronts that we ought ment in the war we are conducting in States to requisition property required not to handicap either one of these serv­ the Far East? · for the defense of the United States," ices in the disposition of property that Mr. BROOKS. Why, certainly. approved October 16, 1941, as amended, they find it necessary to requisition. Mr. McCORMACK. It is an amend­ for the purpose of continuing it in effect. I hope the amendment wiil be defeated. ment by way of limitation and restric­ There being no objection, the Clerk Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Mr. tion. There has not been shown any read the bill, as follows: Speaker, will the gentleman yield? abuse of the powers which the Vvar Pe­ Be it enacted, etc., That the first sentence Mr. MAY. I yield. partment has had conferred upon it by of the first section of the act entitled "An this law. The War Department has cer­ act to authorize the President of the United Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I must States to requisition property required for correct the statement the gentleme.,n tainly exercised the provisions of the the defense of the United States," approved just made to the effect that I commended present law wisely in the European war­ October 16, 1941 (55 Stat. 742), as amended the Administration on the handling of fare. by the acts of March 27, 1942 (56 Stat. 176, the lend-lease authority. I merely said Mr. BROOKS. The distinguished ma­ title VI, Public Law 507, 77th Cong.), June the lend-lease agency has overgener­ jority leader is correct. The War Depart­ 30, 1943 (57 Stat. 271, Public Law 104, 78tll ously supplied the world's demands upon ment is entitled to commendation for Cong.), and June 28, 1944 (Public Law 378. the manner in which they have wisely 78th Cong.), is hereby amended by strilting this Nation. I think many mistakes out the date "June 30, 1945" and inserting have been made in this program. I used the provisions of this bill. While I do not question the statement made by in lieu thereof "June 30, 1946." think a considerable portion of our lend­ SEC. 2. Section 2 of the act of October 16, lease activities has contributed little, if my colleague from Indiana [Mr. HAR­ 1941 (55 Stat. 742), as amended, is hereby anything, to the immediate prosecution NESS] in reference to the use made of amended by striking out the date "December of the war. But we have an agency the powers under this bill, I will say 31, 1945" and inserting in lieu thereof "De­ set up to administer the Lend-Lease Act. that the testimony in the committee cember 31, 1946." That agency can handle any necessary shows the authority under this bill has only been used five times. To come in The bill was ordered to be engrossed gifts or loans that may be necessary or and read a third time, was read the desirable under lend-lease. But this now with an amendment of this sort is to hamstring the authority which we third time, and passed, and a motion measure before us gives drastic emer­ to reconsider was laid on the table. gency authority for an entirely different gave the Army and the Navy to use win­ purpose. This is a law that gives the ning this war. It should not be done. PROVIDING FOR MEDAL FOR SERVICE IN military full authority to go into a man's The amendment should be defeated. THE ARMED FORCES DURING THE business or home and to seize his private The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ PRESENT WAR - property. I do not believe it should be tleman has expired. The Clerk called the bill (H. R. 3436) used for lend-lease purposes. The question is on agreeing to the providing for a medal for service in the Mr. MAY. Mr. Speaker, I cannot yield amendment. armed forces during the present war. The amendment was rejacted. There being no objection, the Clerk further to the gentleman. The bill was ordered to be engrossed The statement of the gentleman sim­ and read a third time, was read the read the bill, as follows: ply emphasizes what I have already said, third time; and passed, and a motion to Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of that if the War and Navy Departments reconsider was laid on the table. War and the Sacretary of the Navy are au­ dispose of this property they ought to be thorized and directed to procure, in numbers unhampered by this amendment because GOVERNMENT HOUSING FACILITIES IN sufficient for the purpose of this act, a medal THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (and suitable appurtenances) of design and they can determine who needs it. official designation jointly approved by them, Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, I move The Clerk called the bill

1945 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD._HOUSE '6309 only have bridged the gap of wartime tics of astronomic proportions. Its final quartermaster soldiers strapped hot food, lack, but which will be of tremendous accomplishment will mean incr~in_g gasoline, and ammunition to their backs benefit to our postwar lives. New fabrics quantities of supplies over longer supply and craw!~d. fiy-like, to the heights so that withstand the ravages of mildew­ lines than those to Europe, meaning that our troops could carrY C!} ? new designs of clothing that more ade­ larger quantities in transit, and a.greater What would have happened on the quately protect the wearer from the rig­ ci.emand than before. beaches of -s icily, Salerno, Anzio, and ors of all climates-new insecticides, far We know it will be accomplished. Normandy if the fighting quartermasters more potent than any heretofore known, Glorious past performances, such as the had not stormed ashore at the side of the and a thousand other developments invasion of north Africa and France, and assault troops, fighting too, but keeping which will bring untold benefits to hu­ a score of other D-days, give us the alive a continuous stream of vital sup­ manity, but which are now making life unshaken faith born of confidence, but plies, the lack of which for even an hour better for the men who so rightly deserve we cannot help but stand in respectful would have meant defeat and annihila­ 1t on fighting fronts the world over. awe at this miracle of supply and the tion? The picture is not hard to im­ Prior to VE-day our Army numbered man at the head of the organization that agine: Vehicles without fuel, guns with­ more than 8,000,000 men, 66 percent of has made it a reality. out ammunition, men without food­ whom were overseas. The procurement Once General Gregory made this state­ impotent metal and flesh. But that did of food for that vast aggregation, even ment: . not happen. Those dramatic and glori­ without the world-wide supply lines that Let me .make .this simple promise to the ous stories-historic epics now-would have to be traversed, would be a gigantic American people. The Quartermaster Corps have been dark pages of history now had task in itself. But, in addition to that, will never fail your boys. We will deliver the Quartermaster supply line failed. the Quartermaster Corps is also respon­ the goods. Wherever they go-to whatever But it did not. No matter how tough sible for providing large quantities of point American fighting men penetrate-the the enemy opposition, the weather, the food for the Navy, the Marine Corps, the Quartermasters wlll be by their sides to keep terrain, it was always there. Quarter­ Maritime Commission, and other agen­ 'em rolling to victory. master soldiers got it there. cies. For our Army alone, more than How well General Gregory has lived Over 19 centuries ago the greatest sol­ 40,000,000 pounds of food must be pro­ up to that promise is now a glorious fact dier against the forces of evil the world vided every 24 'hours. While we are on of history. He has fully justified our has ever known said, "The greatest the subject of food, it should be remem­ utmost confidence that the task of sup­ among you is he who serves." How bered that the now famous combat ra­ ply that lies ahead will be handled as applicable that is to the Quartermaster tions, designed by the Quartermaster well and efficiently as the job that lies Corps in this war. Unlauded and un­ Corps, have played no small part in the behind him. sung, yet, to my mind, directly at the successes of our fighting forces. In this scant time it is impossible to door of this fine - organization and In World War I, supplies and elaborate do much more than generalize. The Lt. Gen. Edmund B. Gregory can be laid equipment were landed from great record of the achievements of the Quar­ the reason for our successes. transports at friendly ports, and field termaster Corps, since this world­ Failure at any point of the vast and kitchens could be established with com­ shaking war placed such superhuman complex quartermaster supply line, from parative ease. In this war, both in Eu­ demands upon it, would fill volumes. its inception here on the production lines rope and the Pacific, troops have had to But I cannot overlook one phase of the right up to the fox holes on the fighting storm ashore in the face of withering work under General Gregory that is re­ lines, could have meant a different story enemy fire carrying only the most flected in the well being of every man, on this day, which, of all the anni­ meager_equipment, and their combat ra­ woman, and child in our country. As versaries of this time-honored organiza­ tions, to be eaten in shallow fox holes to gigantic as the procurements of the tion, this one, upon the eve of final the accompaniment of the whine of bul­ Quartermaster Corps must be, each one triumph, is the most glorious. lets and the crash of shells. Their com­ is made with a paramount regard to its To sum up, infinite detail, painstaking bat rations, scientifically designed by ex­ effect upon civilian economy. Waste planning, and an enormously complex pert nutritionists, and packaged to with­ has been cut to an unbelievable mini­ organization of industry and transpor­ stand the most gruelling treatment, pro­ mum. The business of war is destruc­ tation to meet the Allied logistical prob­ vide them with abundant and appetizing tion, but right along with the crews that lem, are the basic reasons why our nourishment until field kitchens can be supply our fighting men with food, cloth­ armies reaped their results in Europe, brought ashore and set up. Evidence ing, gasoline, and other vital necessities, and why they are now faring so well left in the wake of the retreating Japa­ that have been largely responsible for against Japan. The men responsible for nese show what advantage we have over our steady advances, go Quartermaster this, from General Gregory down to the our Pacific enemy in this respect due to Corps salvage and repair companies, most obscure private, have covered them­ the careful planning of the Quartermas­ saving millions of our dollars and con­ selves with glory . . Their work, unpar­ ter Corps, serving critical materials to the extent alleded in history, has been little short Victories also have their trials, one of that we of all the Allied fighting Nations, · of a miracle. which is th~ problem of feeding the have felt the pinch of war the least. Let us, therefore, a few days subse­ liberated civiTian populations of lands For nearly 5 years stories of our par­ quent to this one hundred and seventieth that have been overrun by the enemy, ticipation in the war has occupied the anniversary, pay honor to a great serv­ their food stocks confiscated, and their front pages of the newspapers of the ice of the United States Army, one that sources of supply disrupted. The rapid entire world. There is hardly a periodi­ has always done an excellent job in the advance of armies accomplished this cal, of no matter what nature, that does past and is doing an excellent job in the liberation at a rate that placed a tre­ not devote a fair portion of its pages to present war. mendous additional feeding burden on stories of the war. The Air Forces, THE WHITE HousE, the Quartermaster Corps, one which Armored Forces, the Infantry, the ma­ Washington, June 16, 1945. we cannot shirk and still live up to the rines, in fact, every branch of our fight­ Lt: Gen. E. B. GREGORY, principles for which we are fighting. ing forces are glorified in news, song, and The Quartermaster General, This task of human decency must con­ story on thousands of pages every hour War Department, Washington, D. C. of every day. Do you ever read of the MY DEAR GENERAL GREGORY: On this one tinue until those liberated countries can hundred and seventieth anniversary of the become productive again, or we will fall exploits of the Quartermaster Corps? Quartermaster Corps, I wish to express my into the same unspeakable category as Do you read or hear of the heart-break­ congratulations to you and to all Quarter­ our enemies in their treatment of the ing tasks of moving up supplies-food, master personnel, both civilian and military, civilian populations in the territories gasoline, ammunition-through blizzards here and abroad, on the many fine achieve­ they so ruthlessly occupied and stripped. and bitter cold, or flooding downpours ments attained during the war years. This task-the essence of democracy­ and ' seas of mud under the constant The steady flow of food, clothing, gasoline, falls upon the already heavily burdened strafing of enemy planes and artillery and other types of equipment to our forces fire that have taken grievous toll of 1n the European theater represented a new Quartermaster Corps. height in Quartermaster supply of our Army. VE-day, instead of easing the task of quartermaster companies? Do you read These supplies contributed greatly in the the Quartermaster Corps, has magnified stories of the many times when neither final defeat of Germany. it. The redeployment .of the bulk of our truck nor animal could scale the almost The Quartermaster Corps has performed forces to the Pacific is a problem of logis- perpendicular sides of mountains when yery well in its supply job in the Pacific but CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~HOUSE JUNE 19 it has a. gre!:).t task ahead of it before the · follow: First, research and development; large an'd small. Sometimes the genius final victory is achieved. I know it will be second, . ir....du~t:riai - mobilization; and who may solve· a problem is found in well done. Sincerely yours, third, -the educational orders. By "in­ one of the smaller factories. He would HARRY S. TRUMAN. dustrial mobilization" I include more rather operate his own little plant where than the mobilization of industrial floor he could follow his own plans than to Mr. 'ANDREWS of New York. Mr. · space. · I mean the mobilization of the become lost in some corporation like Chairman, I yield such time as· he may industrial l;>rain power and inventive Ford, Chrysler, or General Motors. My desire to the gentleman from Michigan genius of this Nation. thought has always been that we should [Mr. SHAFER]. In January 1939, General Arnold, submit the problems involved to each of WHAT IS ELLIOTT ROOSEVELT' S STATUS UNDER Chief of the Army Air Corps, testified the 23 companies manufacturing motors ARMY DEBT CODE? before our subcommittee that we were and pay them for the actual work on de­ Mr. SHAFER. Mr. Chairman, I have from. 3 to 5 years. behind Germany in veloping the motor including the making.._ requested this time to call the attention research and development as far as com­ of blueprints. We might, for instance, of the Members of this House to provi­ bat planes were concerned. Our planes receive ~0 blueprints or plans containing sions contained in the Official Manual of did not have self-sealing gasoline tanks. possible solutions. A joint Army-Navy­ the United States Army for the cashier­ They did not have the pilot protected by civilian ·board could go over these plans ing of officers who fail to pay their just armor plate, they did not have the fire · and let us say, for instance, that they had debts. power and climbing power and maneu- selected three companies and asked each I specifically refer to the ninety-fifth - ver~. bility they should have had. ""vVe of them o make their motor. After article of war that provides that any made tremendous progress since then. these three motors are made they should officer "convicted of conduct unbecoming The outstanding work ·in scientific re­ be tested. One motor might be so far an officer and a gentleman shall be dis­ search, development of the Army and superior to the others that it might be missed from the service." Navy with the cooperation of industry chosen without question. We might, on The manual explains that instances of made it possible for us to produce not the other hand,· find that one motor was violation of this article include "dishon­ only the most modern planes but also superior in operating under subzero orable neglect to pay debts." other weapons that are unsurpassed. temperatures we find at high altitude, I shall quote from the manual: Mr. Chairman, I have before me a while another might be superior in the statement made by the Chief of Engi­ rarefied air conditions we find in the sub­ The conduct contemplated is action or be­ havior in an official capacity, wpich in dis­ neers before our subcommittee the other stratosphere. We might take parts of honoring or disgracing the individual as an day. ·This is only one of a number .of one motor, combine it with par.ts of an..­ officer seriously compromises his character branches of the War Department. Here other motor and thus find the engine and standing as a. gentleman for action or ·is a list of nine items, the names of which was the solution to our problem behavior in an unofficial or private capacity, which I am not permitted to give because of high:..altitude flying. Vlhen we reached which in dishonoring or disgracing the in­ they are items that are now being used that solution it would be the result of diVidual personally as a gentleman seriously in combat. We spent $5,533,658 on re­ combined inventive genius in the motor comproii?-ises his position as an officer and search and development on those nine field of America. We will have mobi­ exhibits him as morally unworthy to re­ main a member of the honorable profession items, and the total production of these lized the industrial inventive genius in of arms. nine items exceeded $580,000 ,000. that field. I have advocated this system There are certain moral attributes common In 1938, I think it was, I had the privi­ for a number of years believing that if to the ideal officer and the perfect gentle­ lege of listening to Gen. Malin Craig, we can utilize the inventive genius of man, a lack of which is indicated by acts of then Chief of Staff, as he talked by radio America, America herself is invincible. dishonesty or unfair dealing of indecency or with a pressure-cabin plane 33 ,000 feet My position is that real national de­ indecorum or of lawlessness, injustice, or in the air. In my judgment, the pres­ fense of our Nation lies in the productive cruelty. Not everyone is or can be expected capacity of our industries plus the in­ to meet ideal standards or to possess the at­ sure-cabin plane was one of the most im­ tributes in the exact degree demanded by the portant inventions in modern aviation. ventive genius of men both inside and standards of his own time; but there is a Thirty-three thousanc;l feet is 6 miles. outside those industries and the ability limit of tolerance below which the individ­ Sound travels at the rate of 1 mile in ·5 to convert that industrial capacity from ual standards in these respects of an officer seconds. It took that sound 30 seconds peacetime to wartime needs in the short­ or cadet cannot follow without his being from the time it left that airplane until est possible time. This bill will not be morally unfit to be an officer or cadet, or to be it reached the sounding apparatus we perfect. It will require amendments as considered a gentleman. This article con­ were then using for locating planes. A time passes on. But it attempts to cover templates such conduct by an officer or the fundamental principles which will cadet which, taking all the circumstances plane that travels 300 miles an hour, into consideration, satisfactorily shows such travels a mile in 12 seconds. A plane make possible the utilization of the in­ moral unfitness. that travels 450 -miles an hour, travels a ventive genius, and of the scientific re­ mile in a little over 8 seconds. All we search and development facilities of the In view of the above, Mr. Chairman, knew when that sound hit the sounding entire Nation both inside and outside of I believe it is incumbent upon the War apparatus was that 30 seconds ago, in a our armed forces. Department to closely follow the investi­ little spot in the sky 6 miles away, was The CHAIRMAN. Tee time of the· gation now beirrg made into a transac­ an airplane. We also knew that it took gentleman from Michigan has expired. tion involving Brig. Gen. Elliott Roose­ 30 seconds for that sound to travel from Mr. ANDREWS of New York. Mr. velt, which has resulted in his failure to the plane down to the sounding appa­ ·Chairman, I yield 2 minutes to the gen­ pay a loan of some $200,000. Other Army ratus. During that 30 seconds it toolt tlewoman from Ohio [Mrs. BoLTON]. officers have been cashiered for less. the sound to travel the 6 miles from the­ Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Chairman, I be­ Mr. ANDREWS of New York. Mr. plane to the ground,· the plane itself lieve there is little we could do at this Chairrn!ln, I yield 5 minutes to the gen­ traveled from 2% to 4 miles from the moment to reassure the country in the tlemars from Michigan [Mr. ENGEL]. spot fro·m which the sound came. It w·as matter of our appreciation of our obli­ Mr. 'ENGEL of Michigan. Mr. Chair­ obvious that sounding devices were ob­ gations to ourselves and to the world man, the bill now before the committee is, solete as far as locating planes was con­ than to assure constant, well-organized, in m.Y judgment, one of the most im­ cerned. That brought about the faster progressive scientific research. It was portant, if not the most important, na­ development of radar, and all the things my privilege a week or so ago in Cleve­ tiorial-defense bills that has come before that radar means. It made necessary land to see the amazing research that us in many years. I am serving my further development. We had to de­ is being done there by the National Ad­ ninth year as a member of the War De­ velop a motor that could operate as effi­ visory Committee for Aeronautics. Un­ pru-tment Subcommittee of the Appro­ ciently at 30,000 feet as it could operate believable inventions, unimaginable new Pl'iations Committee of this House. Dur­ at 20,000 feet. · methods that include jet propulsion, and ing that time I have been intensely in .. This involved many intricate problems such. ·I believe there is nothing that terested in scientific research and de .. of both fundamental and· applied re­ could be of greater value to our whole velopment. search. We had at that time 23 com­ purpose of protecting our own Nation I · have had during those years three panies who made automobile and air­ and to assume our responsibility for cardinal principles. which I have tried to plane engines. We had companies both ~ the world's peace than for us to further . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE ()311 such a research organization as the Na .. Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Chairman, tion from becoming worse by releasing tiona! Academy of Sciences as set up by now that Germany · .has been over­ some of our most highly skilled men this bill. We must be ahead of the game; whelmed, many of us are prone-to forget from the services and making it possible we must not be behind it, and we can.. the tense days before Stalingrad. We for others to prepare themselves for the not be ahead unless this Congress under .. forget that the French Army was beaten, job of making America secure against stands the need and makes possible the though thoroughly trained in the arts of foreign. aggression while contributing work that is so important to do. war as understood by the French general their share toward the maintenance of Mr. ANDREWS of New York. Mr. staff, and that universal military training full · employment in the postwar era. Chairman, I yield 2 minutes to the gen­ existed in that Republic. Yet it was The immediate enactment of H. R. tleman from California [Mr. HINSHAWL crushed in a few weeks of blitzkreig, while 2827, which I introduced last April 2, · Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Chairman, I de­ the British Army was compelled -to evac­ would help meet the twin problems of sire to compliment the Committee on uate via Dunkerque. Too many of us postwar full employment and national Military Affairs for the form of and the have forgotten that when Hitler launched security against foreign aggression. thought behind this bill," as it is exactly this Second World War nearly 6 years Mr. JUDD. Mr. Chairman, will the right. They have ·provided that the ago the predictions were that Germany gentleman yield? scientific-research program be carried was lacking in so many of the materials Mr. McDONOUGH. I yield. out under contract with education_al. needed for war that shE' would be starved Mr. JUDD. Mr. Chairman, I want to scientific, and other types of organ­ into defeat.- Nevertheless Hitler nearly express my strong approval of. this bill. izations engaged in scientific research. succeeded in his projects. And it was our but, at the same time, .to register my pro­ There is such an organization in my bombs that destroyed her technological found concern lest we imagine that pro­ own congressional district, the California war machine, not the scarcity of mate­ viding this new set-up for scientific in­ Institute of Technology, that has had rials for war. vestigation and supplying it with money more than 50 Army and Navy research Hitler's armies came near putting an will do the job. The main thing is the projects of great importance. One of end to Russia. He probably would have scientists themselves and we are making the most outstanding of these projects succeeded had it not been for American · no adequate preparation to make sure has been the so-called rocket program. lend-lease equipment. It was not until we will have them when a possible next The present rocket used by the United America's industrial establishment be­ war comes along. States Army and the United States Navy came geared to war that the tide began In fact we are systematically destroy­ was developed in that place under con .. to turn. It was not until our production ing our potential scientists of tomorrow tract with the War and NaVY Depart .. lines began to turn out munitions of war without the full realization of the Con­ ments. They not only developed the in large qUantities that we, slowly at first, gress and the people ~ and certainly with­ rocket, but they manufactured it. They began to drive the Axis partners back, out their expressed approval or consent, set up the pilot plant for manufacture and that we were able to proceed to bomb the Selective Service now administers and determined the proper method of their factories out of existence. Short­ what was intended to be a selective-serv­ manufacture. It may interest the House ly, Italy was out of the war. Then Ger­ ice law as if it were a universal military to know that the device that is used many. Now Japan alone remains. And service law at least for those from 18 to for launching these rockets, sort of a she is tottering. 26 ·years of age. We cannot grow over­ cradle tn which they are stacked up and The superiority of Axis science made night or by appropriating money, the allowed to drop and fire as they drop possible their victories over the nations scientists we are going to need for the to the bottom of the cradle, was worked of Europe and Asia. And it was the next war if, God forgid, we ever have one. out by a civilian scientist who took the overwhelming superiority of American It takes years, even decades, to train idea from a child's toy that he found in science that put an end to those victories. them. All our boys from 18 to 26 are now the nursery of ]lis own home. I doubt It was American technology that made being drafted into straight military serv­ whether any purely military man would possible the destruction of Germany's ice, no matter how extraordinary their have ever thought of it. This man, in factories. After that was done her scientific abilities and possibilities may be seeking the answer to his problem, found armies no longer could resist. We are as discovered and reported by their the principle in a child's toy in his home now witnessing the continuation of that teachers and professors. Nothing is more nursery. It has worked out exceedingly process against Japan. essential for our future security than satisfactorily and, no doubt, will revolu .. The secret of Hitler's success was the scientific brains. It is incredibly short­ tionlze the art of warfare. It is now pas .. superiority of Germany's industries over sighted.for us to be sending the geniuses sible to fire rockets with ter,rific power those of France, Great Britain, and of tomorrow to be killed. One dead is from the backs of trucks that carry am .. Soviet Russia. The reason for his de .. irreplaceable. munition or from landing craft that are fe.at was the superiority of our own over Russia is reported to have spent attacking a beach, or from aircraft in that of Germany's. As our production $2,600,000,000 last year .for promotion of flight. There are several ways of firing lines began to turn out munitions of medical, chemical, physical, and other these rockets, and more ways are being war the tide began to turn until Ger .. scientific research and development. devised. Likewise the rockets them­ man armies were routed one after an· · England will not permit a youth with selves are being improved constantly. other. special scientific ability to be taken into In the next war the use of artillery, as The secret of the future security and her armed forces no matter how desper­ such, will be less of a factor than it has of defense of the United States against ate her military needs. The English been in the past, and certain types of foreign aggression lies in the continued rightly regard it not as relieving such CJ, projectile firing will come directly from superiority of American science over that boy from military service as a "special the trucks that carry the ammunition, of the other nations. privilege,'' but rather as assigning him thus eliminating much of the need for Germany recognized from the very be· to continue scientific studies as a "special guns and their motive power. ginning the vital part that technicians duty," an even more important service to The scientists o-f the Mount Wilson his country than military service. Observatory have likewise contributed play in modern war. From the very be­ Now that· our pressure for military mightily to the advancement of the im­ ginning'she exempted her industrial sci· manpower is somewhat lessened, I hope plements and instruments of war. Some· entists and students from service in the there·will be prompt modification of se­ day the story will be told, but for thet army. Our allies have already learned lective-service practices so that we can present it must suffice to pay high tribute the lesson. They also have exempted preserve and develop to the utmost the to the scientists of America for the enor­ their industrial scientists and students few thousand young men each year who mous value of the contributions they from military service and are straining alone can furnish the scientific leader­ have made to the defeat of our enemies. every effort to increase their numbers ship of tomorrow. It is almost criminal, The CHAIRMAN. The time of the for the postwar era. We alone have not to them but•to our country, to draft gentleman from California has expired. failed to do this. A.s a consequence we a nation's potential scientific geniuses Mr. ANDREWS of New York. Mr. are expected to suffer severely from a. just to carry a gun in the rear rank, im­ Chairman, I yield 2 minutes to the gen­ shortage of chemists, engineers, physi .. portant as that is. The time to make tleman from California [Mr. MeDoN .. cists that it will take a long time to ease. sure of our having superiority in science OUGH]. It is not too late to prevent this situa· in the decades ahead is right now~ ~he . 6312 ·coNGRESSIONA_L· RE_ CORD~EO_USE JUNE .19 money is important, the men are far insinuations being cast upon the organi­ feel that Fulton Lewis, Jr., has rendered more important. · zation that has s0 successfully and faith­ a public service in that th.e investigation The CHAIRMAN. The time of the fully · functioned for 170 years. Their will no doubt be made by the. Congress gentleman from Californi.a has expired. work in planning, constructing, and and let the chips fall where they may. Mr: . .MAY. Mr. Chairman, I yield. 3 mafntaining our river and harbor im­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the minutes to the gentleman from Texas provements has certainly been marvel­ gentleman from Ohio has expired. [Mr. MANSFIELD]. . ous. During the 170 years of their opera­ Mr. ANDREWS of New York. Mr. Mr. MANSFIELD of Texas. Mr. Chair-. tion, and in which thousands of men Chairman, I yield the remainder of the man, I am for this bill, although I knew have been engaged, only one charge of time on this side to the gentleman from very little about it until a few minutes misconduct has ever been made, and that Illinois [Mr. ARENDS], and I ask unani­ ago, and although I do ·not know much case was brought to trial and condemna­ mous consent that he may proceed out more about it now. I came in while the tion at the instance of other members of of order. gentleman from Mississippi was talking the Corps. Such a record is without par­ The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection a while ago in regard to the Army engi­ allel in our history. to the request of the gentleman from neers; I want to submit a few remarks The CHAIRMAN. The time of the New York? along that line. gentleman from Texas has expired. There was no objection. For 28 years I have been a very close Mr. ANDREWS of New York. Mr. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman observer of the work of the Engineers of Chairman, I yield 2 minutes to the gen­ from Illinois is recognized for 5 minutes. the 'Var Department.' I have had to do tleman from Minnesota [Mr. PITTEN-­ Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Chairman, I am in with the hearings and have reported and GER]. hearty accord with what has been said helped put through· Congress hundreds, Mr. PITTENGER. Mr. Chairman, I in commendation of this· bill, and I hope yes, thousands of river-and-harbor proj­ have listened with a ·great deal of inter­ that it does pass. It is essential. It is ects authori?ed and recommended by the est this afternoon to the remarks of the vital. It is necessary. We must do it Army engineers. I have never known gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. WHIT­ if we are to protect ourselves in the fu­ any class of men who rank higher than TINGTON], and just now :to the remarks ture in any emergency that may arise. · they do both in my estimation and in the of my distinguished chairman of the It is rather by coincidence that this estimation of the public generally. For Rivers and Harbors Committee, the gen­ question of Fulton Lewis, Jr:, and his 170 years they have carried on in that tleman from Texas [Mr. MANSFIELDJ. I broadcasts have come up, and various manner in our Government. They cele­ can agree with everything they have said Members have stood here and defended brated their one hundred and seventieth about the Army engineers. I have served the Army engineers. I am not pointing anniversary just a few evenings ago. on the Committee on Rivers and Har­ my finger at General Reybold or any of Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, George bors. The engineers are a grand bunch the other men in the Army. . However, G. Meade, and Philip Sheridan were all of men. But I have also listened to the the fact remains that mistakes have been members of the Corps of Engineers of the remarks of Fulton Lewis, Jr., on the made, mistakes are being made, and as Army in their day, and they held to the radio. I do not take those remarks as a long as we are human beings, mistakes same high standards then as they do now reflection on the Army engineers. I take will be made. · · and have ever done. those remarks as coming from a man en­ A very grave charge has been made­ Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Chairman, will tirely disinterested, and in whom the one demanding our attention. Hun­ the gentleman yield? American people have implicit confi­ dreds of millions of dollars are being Mr. MANSFIELD of Texas. I yield. dence. Those radio remarks were calcu­ systematically stolen from the public Mr. HINSHAW. Will the gentleman lated to cause an investigation of the al­ funds of the United States Treasury add to that list the name of Gen. D.oug­ leged expenditure and waste of public with the connivance of Government las MacArthur, who was likewise a mem­ funds on a road project down in Central officials or through the countenance or ber of the Corps of Engineers, one of the America, as I recall it, that is almost tacit ccmsent of these officials, according outstanding generals of all time? without parallel as far as we know. Ful­ to evidence offered in a series of Na­ Mr. MANSFIELD of Texas. The gen­ ton Lewis, Jr., needs no defense. We all tion-wide radio broadcasts by a highly tleman is correct. And I could add sev .. know him and respect him. He is usu­ respected radio commentator, the dis­ eral more as well. ally, and I may say as far as I know, a:J .. tinguished Mr. Fulton Lewis, Jr. Graft Mr. BREHM. Mr. Chairman, will the ways a man who presents his facts ac­ running even into billions of dollars gentleman yield? curately to the American public. An in­ may be involved in Government con­ Mr. MANSFIELD of Texas. I yield. vestigation is not going to harm anyone tr:;~.cts hiding under the cloak of military Mr. BREHM. I, too, have the highest unless he ought to be hurt. I do not security. I believe that this graft is go­ regard for the Army engineers :,tnd feel think the investigation is going to re­ ing on at this moment, and I urge that that they need no defense by me. How­ flect on the Army engineers, but if it is this charge be made the .subject of im­ ever, I personally feel that Fulton Lewis, going to expose any man in that branch mediate investigation. Jr., rendered a service in that an investi­ or any other branch of the Government, The people of the United States who gation· will in all probability be made then the facts ought to be brought out are footing the bill for this war-and wherein the things of which he speaks and the American people ought to be the that is all of us-have a right· to know will either be proved or disproved. In judges. So I am glad that Fulton Lewis, whether our bond dollars and tax dollars other words, there was attempted by Jr., took the air. I am proud that we are being correctly spent or corruptly some of those working on the project to still have the right of free speech and spent. If there is graft and corruption, nave an investigation made, but evi­ discussion. I am glad that we have men as charged, it must be exposed and put dently others did not want an investiga­ like Fulton Lewis, Jr., who are willing to down. Practically everyone in this Na­ tion. point out these d~stasteful . problems. tion has given his all for the war effort, Mr. MANSFIELD of Texas. Mr. Chair-. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the which is right and proper. We have man, I cannot yield further; I am sorry gentleman from Minnesota has expired. paid our greatly increased taxes and we I only have 3 minutes. I have no ob­ Mr. ANDRE\VS of New York. Mr. have bought more and more war bonds. jection, and I am sure the engineers have Chairman, I yield ·1 minute to the gen­ We have been glad to do this-to support no objection, to a fair and impartial in­ tleman from Ohio [Mr. BREHM]. our boys on the battlefields of the world. vestigation. I do not know Mr: Lewis. Mr. BREHM. Mr. Chairman, the gen­ We are not prepared, however, to let I do not think men who have the char­ tleman from Minnesota [Mr. PITTENGER] anyone rob the public funds of our tax acter and the standing of the Army en­ has emphasized the point I attempted to and bond money through a systematized gineers, however, should be convicted on make in my discussion with the gentle­ species of graft. the statements of a man on the radio. man from Texas [Mr. MANSFIELD]. It I understand that documented evi­ I whatever about the was impossible for certain employees of dence-phostatic copies of letters and matters that have been referred to as the project to get former Attorney Gen­ contracts-and eyewitnesses, auditors having been said. I do not know the en­ eral Biddle to order an investigation. If on the projects involved, can be produced gineer involved and never heard themes­ there is nothing to cover up and nothing to prove the charge of graft. · sages aver the radio. The feature I abject to conceal, an investigation should be Mr. Lewis' amazing story is about the to, and conqemn, is - ~hat of charges or welcomed by anyone. So 1 personally Latin-:Ameri:can Highway in particular,.a t945 . ·coNGRESSIONAB- RECORD--HOUSE 6313 highway designed as a military tr.anspor· description. One illustration will suffice: multiply that by the number of such tation lirik between the United States The monthly rental rate on each D-8 projects-Canol, Alcan, the Persian pipe and the Panama· Canal Zone, but the caterpillar tr actor throughout the life of line, .the' back-door road to Russia, the system of graft on this project s·eems to the contrac't: whether the tractor is work· Panama Canal projects, one single job. be no exception, but rather, the standard . ing or not, is $775. That is ·maximum, of which was more than $330,000,000- practice. Therefore,' it appears· that the and the maximum is always paid under and we begin to get some idea of the gra.ft extends to endless other projects in these contracts. A little pencil work will enormity of the graft involved here. · other parts of the world. Mr. Lewis' show that one of these tractors under There is no question in my mind that story calls for a reexamination of all the contract since Pearl Harbor day would there is graft of hundreds of millions of contracts, thC; work done, the payments, have dra-wn from the Government, up dollars going on at this moment. and the financial matters in general of to this date, more than $41,000. The ·. The graft exposed by Mr. Lewis­ all of these projects. OPA ceiling price on that tractor, second through the testimony of auditors and It appears that the cost-p-lus-a-fixed­ hand, is $4,100. Thus it would have paid others who were on these projects-was fee contracts have resulted in the con­ for itself more than 10 times. If the first called to the attention of the Justice t ractor receiving not the small fixed fee, tractor actually works and puts in more Department. That Department said it but many times that amount. The pub­ than 240 hours a month, it draws over­ could do nothing because the projects lic was sold the idea that the profits time in addition. If it does nothing at ·were outside the United States. I won­ had been taken out of this war, that no all, if it is unable to turn a wheel, if it der if that means that there is no check one was going to be permitted to be a does not even have an engine, it still on the billions upon billions of dollars profiteer this time. In line with this, draws $775 a month. A 5-ton truck spent, and to be spent, by us in other wages and salaries have been kept valued at $3 ,500 pays for itself every 7 countries-if the wild spenders of old down-the wages of laborers, techni· months by a monthly rental of $500. WPA days can now transfer their activi­ cians, white-collar workers. Whatever · The Government pays all operating ties to Europe and Asia and Africa and extra he may have received in his pay ~osts, such as gasoline, repairs, wages of ·south America-and be immune from envelope for overtime work has been the driver, and so on, in addition to the prosecution for graft. The Department ta.ken from him in taxes. But what fabulous rentals. of Justice referred the charge to the about the wealthy contractors? Well, Auditors have stated that the rental War Department. Apparently the War it seems that the wealthy contractors are item amounts to 30 to 35 percent of the Department has done exactly nothing­ getting away with millions upon millions total outlay. On a $100,000,000 -job, except, perhaps, promote some of the of~ of dollars. whic.h might have a fixed fee of about fleers responsible. I would like to know. Let me point out one little contract $4,000,000, the contractor would actu­ I urge that the House immediately where it looks as if someone got away ally draw, in addition to the $4;ooo,ooo, take up this very serious matter, that a with at. least $6,000,000. The southern thirty to thirty-five million dollars from committee of the House hold hearings, half of the Nicaraguan section of the this equipment-rental racket, provided, 'call witnesses, and demand tl_le prod'!.lc­ Latin-American Highway was built by of cour.se, he owned or could buy the 'tion of documentary evidence from the the Nicaraguan Government, under Maj. equipment to rent himself-which means 'various departments which may be con­ Wa·rren Ford, of the Army Engineers, for that the contractor would draw in cash cerned. les .~ than $2,000,000, while the northern for himself between thirty-four and The House Military Affairs Commit­ half was built by an American contract· thirty-nine million dollars. tee, under its resolution to conduct in­ . ing firm, under one of these cost.:.plus· · Not only are the rental rates highly vestigations for the war effort, began its fixed-fee contracts, for nearly $8 ,000,000, excessive on usable equipment but much inquiries into these charges the first part or to be exact, $7,750,891. The southern of the so-called equipment on which we of June, and is pursuing it diligently at half was just as tough a. road-building are paying this rental is junk-obviously this time. We not only want but intend job as was the northern half. What is sent to the projects for one purpose to get to the bottom of this m~ss to see more, the southern half was finished; I only-to draw rent. There is evidence ·what goes on. - understand it is a beautiful road. The that much of the equipment received on The CHAffiMAN. The time of the northern half, on the other hand, was these projects was never used, and was ·gentleman from Illinois has expired; all not 'finished, miles of it ar'e nothing but never intended. for use. It was dumped time has expired. soft roadbed, miles of it are utterly im­ and left in junk yards. But each piece The Clerk will read. passable. · As a military highway or any of junk drew full rent-al. The Clerk read as follows: other kind of highway, it is practically Another feature of tnese Army engi­ neer contracts that is costing the tax­ . Be it enacted, etc., That in order to enable worthless. And this northern half is the the National Academy of Sciences, thro~gh part that cost us the extra $6,000,000. 'payers still more millions of dollars a research board for national security con­ There is evidence, too, that in at least through graft is the provision that each sisting of representatives of the Army, repre­ one place the part of the road built under piece of equipment is to be returned to ·sentatives of the Navy, and civilians of out­ a cost-plus-fixed-fee contract was run 5 the owner in perfect condition, regard­ standing accomplishments, established by less of the condition it -was in when re­ agreement between the Secretary of War, the miles out of the way to add to the value Secretary of the Navy, and the President of of certain private property:.._reminiscent ceived. If. a piece of equipment cannot be returned to the owner in perfect con­ the National Academy of Sciences, to pro~ of old WPA days. dition, then the Government must pay -vide for scientific research and advancement On one project, according to the story determined by such board to be desirable in the owner according to the valuation the interest of national securit y·, there are presented by witnesses on Mr. Lewis' placed on that piece, and these valua­ broadcasts, there was an item of a mil· authorized to be appropriated. froin time to tion lists represent more ·graft. For ex~ time to the National Academy of Sciences lion and a half doliars for which there ample, a D-8 caterpillar tractor is given were no records, no receipts, no book­ such sums as may be necessary, not exceed­ .a valuation of $8,600, which is more than ing $8,000,000 for each fiscal year. All ex~ keeping of any kind. The auditor al· it ever cost brand new, whereas the OPA 'periments and other projects hereunder shall lowed the amount after helping the con· ceiling price on that tractor, second~ be carried out, pursuant to contracts or other tractor fix up some make-shift vouchers. hand, is $4,100, and the actual value on arrangements made by the. National Academy Where most of the graft comes in, many received on projects is zero. · So a of Sciencies with individuals; educationar and however, is on the equipment rental piece of junk which was once one of scientific institutions, industrial organiza~ racket. A contractor rents to the Gov· tions, and other public and private agencies, these tractors is sent to a project, draws determined l;>y the board to be appropriate. ernment his own equipment for use on $775 per month rental while lying in the a project. In a way, he is renting to junk yard, · and then at· the end of the Mr. ELSTON.· Mr. Chairman, I offer himself with the Government paying the contract is sold to the Government for an amendment. · rental. This is, of course, entirely $8,600. ·. The Clerk read as follows: proper, provided the rental rates on the Multiply the amount of graft on one : Amendment offered by Mr. ELSTON: Page 2, equipment are fair and prov·ided rental •piece of equipment by the many such .lines 2 and 3, strike out the words "The Na­ is paid only on usable equipment. pieces of equipment on one contract, and tional Academ,y of .Sciences suph sums as may According to ·the evidence offered, the 'multiply' that by the rest of the contract~ be· necessary" and· insert in 11eu thereof the rental rates are fantastic, almost beyond ·on this Latin-American Highway, and :following: "The War and Navy Departments, XCI--398 6314 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 19 such sums as may be necessary to carry out Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. research program for this reason: If you the purposes of this act.'' Chairman, I rise in opposition to the - go back to that system, then the Army Mr. ELSTON. Mr. Chairman, I am amendment. offered by the gentleman would come to the subcommittee of the ·In hearty accord with the statements from Ohio. Appropriations Committee having to do made by the chairman of the commit.. Mr. Chairman, if the pending amend.. · with the military requesting funds for tee the gentleman from New York [Mr. ment is adopted it will be entirely . un- research and development. 'The Navy WADSWORTH] and the others who have necessary to pass the bill because the would go to the subcommittee of the spoken in favor of this bill. Regardless amendment would authorize you to ap- Appropriations Committee having to do of how my amendment may be voted propriate money to the Army and Navy with the Navy asking for meney for upon I expect to support the bill. I feel for research and development. We al- research and development. You would that we would be very shortsighted if ready do that and we shall continue to do have two separate agencies going to two we did not make every possible provision that even if this bill is passed. separate committees, two separate sets fo1· research and development. I would like to review with you very of men to handle it, without any inte- The amendment which I have offered briefly the reason for this legislation, grating influence whatsoever. The pur· is not for the purpose of making this and it is very important legislation. We pose of this bill is to tie the thing to­ measure less effective. It simply provides have for many years appropriated to the gether. that appropriations shall be made to the Army and the Navy money for research Let me say to the gentlerr~an that this War and Navy Departments rather than and development. They have done a bill comes here after the most careful to the National Academy of sciences. I c~rtain amount of fundamental research. consultation with the scientists and the have no complaint whatever against the In some instances there has been a slight top people in the Army and Navy and _ National Academy of Sciences. I think overlap and a slight duplication, but in · in the National Academy of Sciences. it has done a magnificent job during this the realm of scientific resarch that is After the Committee on Postwar Mili­ war and will continue to be very useful. not altogether undesirable. tary Policy concluded its hearings, we However, it is a private corporation, When the war came on, as the gentle.. gathered around the table and were all organized in 1S63. I have the charter man fro.:rll New York pointed out, it was of one accord in setting up one agency before me, and its provisions are plain. found absolutely necessary to have an so that we would be sure that in the post­ Among other things is a provision that integrating or coordinating influence fo1· war period there would be an adequate no compensation is to be paid to any of this fundamental research that was to be research and development program. We -its members. carried on; so the President set up the asked various people to come in, includ- This bill proposes to make appropria.. Office of Scientific Research and Devel.. ing Dr. Bush, of the Office of· Scientific tions directly to the National AcademY opment headed by Dr. Vannevar Bush, Research and Development. All of these of Sciences. If that is done, it will be which functioned and is functioning dur- gentlemen came in and we asked them the first time in the history of this coun.. ing the progress of the war. That office how this thing could best be done, in try, so far as I can find, that Congress stepped in with civilian scientists and their judgment. The bill presented to­ has made appropriations direct to a pri.. with scientists of the Army and Navy, day in the composite of their views on vate corporation. and the Office of Scientific Research and the subject. The gentleman from New York stated Development as the integrating and co- Mr. IDNSHAW. Mr. Chairman, will that there could not be teamwork if the ordinating influence went forward and the gentleman yield? Army and the Navy have to request ap- did a marvelous, magnificent job. How- Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield propriations sepiuately. But let me call ever, that is a temporary organization set to the gentleman from California. the attention of the committee to the up under Executive order and it expires Mr. HINSHAW. The gentleman's fact that representatives of the Army and at the end of the war. Then we will re- amendment would destroy the purpose of the Navy are on the research board pro- vert back to the old system. the bill likewi~e. because in line 3, page vided for in section 1 of the bill. That What will that old system be? It will 1, it says in effect that in order to enable being so, there must be teamwork if the be the War and Navy Departments com- ·the National Academy of Sciences bill is to function at all. There has been pelled to rely entirely and solely upon through a research board to do this work, teamwork in the prosecution of the war, their departmental and scientific staffs. this money shall be appropriated to and I know of no reason why it cannot Without any reflection whatever upon them. I do not see how you are going continue. When any agreement is the men in the armed services who would to get it back from the At:my. reached between members of the Re.. be on those staffs, we know it was pointed Mr. WOODRUM of Virginta. With search Board there is no reason why out in the long and extensive hearings the National Academy of Sciences you both the Army and the Navy cannot in- held by the Postwar Military Policy Com.. will have one head of the thing, ·an inte­ dicate to the Appropriations Committee mittee that it is absolutely necessary to grating influence, and you will be able the amount each of those services needs enlist in the postwar period the active, to enlist the actual support of the civilian to carry out the purposes of this act. · interested service of civilian scientists. scientists which we must have. The passage of the bill in its present Mr. MAY. Mr. Chairman, will the gen.. : Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, form will have the effect of setting up tleman yield? 'I move to strike out the last word. another agency when none is needed to Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield Mr. Chairman, to continue the thought accomplish the very desirable objectives to the gentleman from Kentucky. I was just directing to the gentleman of this proposed legislation. Mr. MAY. The bill authorizes the from Virginia, the bill provides that this The amendment I have offered will National Academy of Sciences to receive research must be established by agree· not interfere in the slightest degree with appropriations. This amendment would ment between the Secretary of War, the any of the functions that would be per.. take it entirely away from them, there.. Secretary of the Navy, and the president formed by the Research Board on the fore the bill would be unnecessary. of the National Academy of Sciences, so Academy of Sciences. Certainly experi.. Mr. VV'OODRUM of Virginia. I stated that the interests of the service depart­ ments that are going to be car'ried on in that. It would be unnecessary to pass ments are protected. the development of weapons of war the bill in that event. In opposing this amendment may I should come under the supervision of Mr. ELSTON. Mr. Chairman, will read to the Committee the words of Dr. the War and Navy Departments. At the gentleman yield? Vannevar Bush who is not himself a least, appropriations should clear Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield member of the National Academy of Sci .. through those Departments. I do not to the gentleman from Ohio. . ences, but is head of OSRD. If you feel we should take away from the Army Mr. ELSTON. Is there a~y reason at will turn to the hearings on page 5 you and Navy their full responsibility, nor all why the approp:r:iations cannot be will find this language, which is in itself should we establish the very bad prece- made to the Army and Navy and they in a very cogent argument against the ·dent of permitting a private corporation turn allocate to this agency the money amendment offered by my good friend to come to the Congress and get appro.. which it needs? That is the o~y pur.. from Ohio~ priations to carry on its work, however pose of the amendment. Industry learned a long time ago that it beneficial its efforts may be to the Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. There was fatal to place a research organization country. is a good reason why. It is impractica:- under a production department. Research The CHAffiMAN. The time of the 'ble, almost impossible, if you are gofng and an operating responsibility, such as pro­ gentleman from Ohio has expired- -..:.~-t~o have any kind of intensive,. vigorous duction or sales, are incompatible. An oper· 1945 CONGRESSION-AL RECORD~HOUSE '6315 ating group is under the constant urge to Mr.'MAY. May I say to the gentleman section. I offered a suggestion which produce in a tangible way, to meet existin~ that the witnesses representing the War standards, ·and existing schedules. An oper­ had come from a rather eminent sden­ ating group has neither the. time nor the Department who appeared before the tist in the field of explosives. I got no­ inclination for research. An operating group House Committee on Military Affairs said where, because the chief of that section is judged by production standards. Research, they did not want the appropriations finally said to me, "We went into that however, cannot be judged by production made to them, and they were in harmony after World, War I and finally a man standards. Research is the exploration of the with the National- Academy of SCiences had his arm blown off and so we · quit unknown. It iS speculative and uncertain. and the Navy Department. it." Which to me was not conclusive It cannot be standardized. It succeeds, The CHAIRMAN. The time of t.he at all because what I supposed we were moreover, in virtually direct proportion to its gentleman ftom Ohio has expired. seeking was to learn something about freedom from performance controls, produc­ tion pressures, and traditional approaches. Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. better explosives or explosives that had It is fundamental, accordingly, that re­ Chairman, I move to strike- out the last a tremendous effect. In this particular search on military problems should be con­ two words. instance the chief of the section decided ducted, in time of peace, as well as in war, Mr. Cha-irman, I do not·know that this it was too much of an explosive for them in part by civilians independently of the matter needs to be debated much fur~ and turned it down. _ Military EstabliBhment. The armed services ther. ·In view of the fact, however, that So, I .feel, if anything, we ought to exist to fi3ht. It is their primary responsi­ free this research from the Army and bility to train the men, make available the this concerns appropriation matters that weapons, and employ the strategy that will Would be referred to the Subcommittee Navy, rather than place it even more bring victory in combat. The armed services on Military Appropriations, my ·experi­ .directly under control of those who cannot be expected- to be experts in all of ence on that committee leads me to offer might· have a professional pride in say­ the complicated fields which mal~e it possible an observation. ing, "We know all that is to be known for a great nation to fight successfully in It is my feeling that if this bili has any on this subject." total war. There are certain kinds of re­ fault it is that it ties ·the research pro~ We ought to give this spirit of re­ search-such.as research on the improvement gram too closely to the Army and Navy. search opportunity for the freest . pos­ of existing weapons-which, of course, ca:h sible expression. Consequently I ques .. be done best by military men within the The Army and Navy have research sec.:. Military E3tablishment. The job, however, tions of their own. If we are not seeking tion the amendment that has been of· of fundamental scientific research should be to get something which they do not aJ­ fered although in general I do not like entrusted to the civilian scientists who are ready provide there is no excuse for the idea of making an appropriation to best trained to discharge it thoroughly and passing this legislation. Another sub.:. a private corporation. . successfully. It is essential that both kinds committee I have served on has been-· I yield to the gentleman from .Ken... _ of research go forward. We have just learned, tucky [Mr. MAY]. for example, that one of the primary reasons the Independent Offices Subcommittee. That commi~tee handles appropriations Mr. MAY. I suppose that the gentle­ why German science failed to maintain its man understands that under this bill superiorit y over the Allies is because in the for the·National Advisory Committee for early stages of the war German scientists Aeronautics, which in the field of avia.:. the Army and Navy will participate in were diverted from fundamental research to tion has been doing some of the things that part of research that relates to a concentrated effort toward the improve:. which this proposed program, presum military matters and that we will profit ment of existing weapons. ably would do in the general field of re­ greatly in this country from a civilian search and invention. standpoint by the discoveries of the ci­ If this amendment is adopted both vilian scientists and the National Acad~ kinds of research will not go forward The record of the Army and Navy in the field of research is- good, yes; but . emy of Sciences which will aid very much because the purse strings of research in our postwar activities. control will be in the military depart­ it is not perfect. For example, our peo~ ple turned .down the Christy tank when Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Certainly ment, and you will lose the advantage, that would be my hope. . Unless we can that Dr. Bush has so aptly pointed out, it was first offered. Our people turned down the parachute when it was first bring in something that the Army and of having independent civilian research Navy do not have there is not any excuse on military problems in peacetimes as offered to them. The Russians and some other countries developed some things for passing the bill in the first place. well as in war. Let us remember that Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Chairman,_ I the OSRD, because of its independence, which our professional military and naval people turned down. . move to strike out the last three words. has been able to make the great con­ Mr. Chairman, with a)l due respect to tribution that it has in addition to the What we are seeking here is to capture my good friend from Ohio I think this military research which has gone on. the spirit of research and invention which cannot be found in its fullest fruit- . bill is very well balanced indeed, and that Mr. ELST.ON. Mr. Chairman, will the any changes in it would make the pro~ gentleman yield? age in something which is organized on a gram that has been set up by the Com­ Mr. VORYS of Ohio. I yield to the military or · naval basis. The National mittee on Military Affairs rather difficult gentleman from Ohio. Advisory Committee for Aeronautics has to accomplish. You have the representa­ Mr. ELSTON. The gentleman knows made a contribution to the development tives of the Army and Navy on a com­ that a great deal of the scientific re­ of aviation in this country which was not mittee with the members of the National search and development which has con­ being made by the Army or Navy. Academy of Sciences in order to guide tributed to the war effort has been done Mr. ENGEL of Michigan. Mr. Chair· the research program, and then you have by private industry, and yet no appro­ man, will be gentleman yield? funds distributed among the educational, priation has even been made directly to Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I yield. scientific, and other institutions for the pri~ate industry. Mr. ENGEL of Michigan. In 1939, the purpose of car·rying on the research. Let Mr. VORYS of Ohio. That is true. gentleman will recall-I had young·Rich.,. it be understood that the type of research Let me read from page 51 just a brief ard du Pont down here and two other which is anticipated under this bill is not statement by Dr. Jewett, as to just what gentlemen before our subcommittee who necessarily the development of a par­ this National Academy of Sciences is: testified, trying to get the Army Air ticular item for its war purposes but the · Corps interested in gliders. The Army This National Academy is not a new agency, conduct for national defense purposes .. It is a corporation which Congress set up. Air Corps had observers there, but we of basic and fundamental research in the It is an existing agency and it operates under did not get any gliders: That was in fields of mathematics, electronics and a very simple mandate from Congress, which 1939. physics and all of the other highly com­ is meticulously observed. Its normal opera­ Mr. CASE of South Dakota. The gen4 plicated and highly technical sciences tions are handled on the request of Gov .. . tleman from Michigan understands the that require brains trained in that sort ernment, on an annual basis. Those re­ situation. There seems to be a sort of of thing far beyond the training that can quests can be modified or discarded at any professional pride on the part of the man be accomplished by an active member of time. It has no vested interests except that who is in charge of the production of either the Army or Navy. .They are busy of uncompensated service. something to say that he knows the last in the professional aspects of warfare. . Mr. MAY. Mr. Chairman, will the gen· MTord on the subject. I recall submitting while the other· men such as Dr. Milli­ tleman yield? a suggestion on explosives when General kan, Dr. Compton, and Dr. Max Farand Mr. VORYS of Ohio. I yield to the Wesson was Chief of Ordnance. He re­ who recently passed,away, and all the rest gentleman from Kentucky. ferred me to the chief of the appropriate of those people in the United States are ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE JUNE 19 highly trained and accomPli;5_hed scien­ took no action. I think the real problem national security consisting of representa­ tists. I think it would be a mistake to can be stated in the concluding para­ tives of the Army, the Navy, and civilians tie this program down too closely. I am graph of the statement by Dr. Bush of outstanding accomplishment. aware of the objections of my friend the which was read by the gentleman from The research to be undertaken would gentleman from South Dakota that it Ohio [Mr. VORYSJ. I think the most be by agreement between the Secretaries might be too closely tied to the Army and important part of the quotation he of War and Navy and the president of the Navy, but I do not think so. It would failed to read. Dr. Bush made the fol• Academy. That means, if it means seem to me that the Army and Navy couid lowing ~tatement: anything, that the operations of the state their fundamental problem and then We have just learned, for example, that Academy shall be carried on through and these people who ~retrained in scientific one of the primary reasons why German by the board. Then you provide a little work and research and that sort of thing science failed to maintain its superiority further on in the bill that the appropria­ cou d proceed to work out the problem over the Allies is because in the early stages tions shall be to the Academy. Then that is set before them. Consider for of the war German scientists were diverted from fundamental research to a concentrated you go a little further and provide that example the device that has already been effort toward improvement of existing the funds appropriated shall be paid out put forth which will -log the position of weapons. on vouchers signed by or under the direc­ an aircraft in flight without the necessity tion of the president of. the Academy. of sighting the sun, but by measuring the The \Var Department and the Navy It is altogether incongruous and you are quantity of magnetic lines .of force Department themselves apparently real­ setting up a plan that could not possibly crossed by the airplane in the ccurse of ized that fact. I am informed that by ·work out satisfactorily. It is rather dif­ its flight. That is something that re­ agreement between the War Department ficult to straighten that thing out by quires a brain that one trained in the and Navy Department and the National amendment. I would like to see the bill Military or Naval Academies is liable not Academy of Sciences, this board will con­ passed, but at the same time I would like to have produced because he has not sist of 5 members, one from the War to see something set up that would work. gone that far in the study of pure sci­ Department, one from .the Navy Depart­ Mr. MAY. Mr. Chairman. \Vill the ence. If you were to take the better sci:. ment, and three civilians. The chair­ gentlern,an yield? · entitle brains of the Naval and Military · man of the board is to be a civilian. The Mr. TABER. I yield. Academies and give them 10 years' train­ reason for it is the very reason stated Mr. MAY. I know, of course, how ing in research in higher mathematics in Dr. Bush's statement. ardently the gentleman from New York and electronics and such like, then they Mr. Chairman, I yield back the re- has tried to economize and save money, would be equally as good scjentists, as mainder of my time. · and abolish bureaus. What we were those civiEans who have spent a lil{e The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman faced with originally was a bill that time at it otherwise. Officers of our from Washington [Mr. SAVAGE] is recog­ would set· up a new organization with a Army and Navy are proficient professional nized for 3 minutes. director at $15 ,000 a year, two assistant fighting men-not p>.'ofessional researci:l. Mr. SAVAGE. Mr. Chairman, I am directors at $10,000 a year, and with the technicians. I think the bill is very wen very much in favor of the scientific re­ usual phraseology for automobiles, em­ balanced as it is, and say so in what search remaining as this bill provides. ployees without regal'd to the Classifica­ professional capacity I m8,y have. with the civilian people on the program. tion Act of 1923, et cetera, et cetera. The CHAffiMAN. The time of the I think when we apply so much sense Tlfat is the type of bill we had facing us, gentleman from California has expired. to our social problems as we apply to and we have tried to• avoid that very Mr. MAY. Mr. Chairman, I ask our war programs in this bill we will no thing so the gentleman1s committee unanimous consent that all debate on longer be faced with an unemployment would not be faced with an appropriattoil this section and all amendments thereto problem. of millions to establish another bureau. d\l now close. Members have· taken the fhor today . Mr. TABER. That would be all right," Mr. TABER. Reserving the right to to defend Fulton Lewis, Jr., and his at­ but how is it going to be done? At one object, I would like to have 5 minutes and tack on the Army engineers who have place you say it shall be done through I see a couple of other gentlemen stand­ dorie such a wonderful job in this war. a research board. In another place you ing. I am wondering if we would not .That is only an example of the type of say that the funds shall be appropriated have an opportunity to spealc on the bill. attacks that have been made on different to the Academy; and in a third place you Mr. MAY. Could not ·the gentleman groups of people in America who have say th::tt the disbursements shall be made take his time on the next section? been doihg a good job in the war, and by or under the direction of the pTeSi· Mr. TABER. No; not very well. is destroying the confidence of the peo­ dent of the Academy. Mr. MAY. I do not want to defeat the ple in many groups of ·people who have To my mind if you are going to retain conference that the gentleman on the been working and producing for the war that language beginning with the word other side have planned for this after­ ·effort. It is my opinion that in the radio ''through" on line 4, page 1, you have got noon. If we run on we will do that. We field he stands the same as Westbrook the thing all mixed up, and I fear for the must finish the bill today. Pegler does in the newspaper field. It successful administration of the act. I ask unanimous consent that all de­ was stated here that people have implicit Mr. MAY. The board is a noncom­ bate on this section and all amendments faith in Fulton Lewis, Jr., but I am sure pensated board make up of represent9.­ thereto close in 10 minutes. from my experience that the people at tives from the War and Navy Depart­ The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection large ·do not have, and I think he is one ments and from civilian life. to the request of the gentleman from of the most dishonest reporters the Mr. TABER. All right; but it is the Kentucky? American people have on the radio~ board that is required to do the operating There was no objection. Mr. Chairman, I yield back the balance under this act. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ of my time. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the nizes the gentleman from Michigan EMr. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman gentleman from New York has expired; ENGEL] for 3% minutes. Mr. ENGEL. Mr. Chairman I do not from Washington yields back 1 minute. ·au time has expired. The gentleman from New York EMr. The question is on. the amendment of- expect to take the entire 3 '(2 minutes, but I just want to point this out: I do TABER] is recognized for 4 minutes. fered by the gentleman from Ohio. not want the War Department and the Mr. TABER. · Mr. Chairman, I am not The amendment was rejected. Navy Department to dominate the fun~ going to talk about Fulton Lewis, Jr., nor The Clerk read as follows: damental research program. I men~ about any activities outside of the re­ SEC. 2. Funds appropriated pursuant to tioned the fact a moment ago regarding search situation. . this act shall be paid out on vouchers signed the glider program. Young Richard There is not any question but what by or under the direction of the president du Pont who was killed in action later ii"l America should have proper military of the Academy. a glider, and another gentleman, ap­ research. The thing that bothers me SEc. 3. The National Academy of Sciences about the bill is that you set up a board shall report from time to time (not less fre­ peared before the committee. One of quently than semiannually) to the Commit­ ~md place the undertaking under a board, those men had spent a year in Germany. tees on M1l1tary Affairs and Naval Affairs of He told ine how in 1939 Germany was for you provide: the Senate and House of Representatives, re­ building gliders and storing them. In In order to enable the National Academy spectively, with respect to its t:X'penditures spite of that fact the War Department of Sciences through a rr:search board tcr under this act. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~I-IOUSE C317 Mr. MAY. Mr. Chairman, I move that Mr. HINSHAW. Did I hear the Clerk Mr. HALLECK. Mr.- Speaker, there the Committee do now rise and report reading that the date was changed from .are no requests for time on this side, and the bill back to the House with the 1939 to 1932 or 1942? if the gentleman wishes to move the pre­ recommendation that the bill do pass. Mr. DOUGHTON of North Carolina. vious question we can proceed to the con­ The motion was agreed to. 1932. sideration of the bill immediately. Accordingly the Committee rose; and Mr. HINSHAW. What is the effect of Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, I move the Speal{er having resumed the chair, that? ' the previous question. Mr. RoBINSON of Utah, Chairman of the Mr. DOUGHTON of North Carolina. The previous question was ordered. Committee of the Whole House on the The effect of it is that we will cover cer­ The resolution was agreed to. State of the Union, reported that that tain cases that were not covered by the Mr. LANHAM. Mr. Speaker, I move Committee having had under considera­ original date. It was thought, when the that the House resolve itself into the tion the bill

SEC. 2. The l~t proviso of the ·act en­ PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE in the JudiCiary Committee room, room titled "An act to authorize the appropria­ 346, Old House Office Building. tion of an additional $200,000,000 to carry Mr. CHENOWETH. Mr. Speaker, I out the provisions of title II of the act ask unanimous consent that on tomor­ · There will be a meeting of Subcom­ entitled 'An act to expedite the provision row, after disposition of matters on the mitte No. 4 of the Committee on the of housing in connection with national de• Speaker's desk and at the conclusion of Judiciary, beginning at 10 a. m. on fense, and for other purposes,' approved any special orders heretofore entered, I Wednesday, June 27, 1945, to continue October 14, 1940, as amended," approved may be permitted to address the House hearings on the bill the Mr. BROOKS: Committee . on Military The SPEAKER. Under the rule the House adjourned until tomorrow, Affairs. H. R. 1512. A bill to amend previous question is ordered. Wednesday; June 20, 1943, at 12 o'clock S€Ction 9 of the Pay Readjustii}.ent Act of The bill was ordered to be engrossed noon. 1942 (Public Law 607) by providing for and read a third time, was read the the computation of · double-t ime credits third time, and passed, and a motion COMMITTEE HEARINGS awarded between 1898 and 1912 in deter. to reconsider was laid on the table. COMMITTEE ON WORLD WAR VETERANS' mining retired pay; with amendment (Rept. LEGISLATION No. 763). Referred to the Committee of the LEAVE OF ABSENCE Whole House on the State of the Union. By unanimous consent, leave of ab­ There will be a meeting of the Com­ Mr. SPENCE: Committee on Banking and sence was granted to Mr. RicH, for the mittee on World War Veterans' Legisla­ Currency. · House Joint Resolution 101. tion, in open session, Wednesday, June Joint resolution extending the effective balance of the week, on account of offi­ period of the Emergency Price Control Act cial business. 20, 1945, at 10 a. m., in the committee room, room 356, Old House Office Build­ of 1942, as amended, and the St ab11ization EXTENSION OF REMARKS Act of 1942, as amended; wit h amendment ing. (Rept. No. 764). Referred to the Committee Mr. OUTLAND