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Dipati Ukur Dan Jejak Peninggalannya Di Kecamatan Ciparay Kabupaten Bandung (1627-1633) Dipati Ukur and the Traces of His Legacy in Ciparay District, Bandung Regency

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Dipati Ukur Dan Jejak Peninggalannya Di Kecamatan Ciparay Kabupaten Bandung (1627-1633) Dipati Ukur and the Traces of His Legacy in Ciparay District, Bandung Regency Dipati Ukur dan Jejak Peninggalannya… (Lasmiyati) 381 DIPATI UKUR DAN JEJAK PENINGGALANNYA DI KECAMATAN CIPARAY KABUPATEN BANDUNG (1627-1633) DIPATI UKUR AND THE TRACES OF HIS LEGACY IN CIPARAY DISTRICT, BANDUNG REGENCY Lasmiyati Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Jawa Barat Jln. Cinambo 136 Ujungberung Bandung e-mail: [email protected] Naskah Diterima: 29 Juni 2016 Naskah Direvisi: 28 Juli 2016 Naskah Disetujui: 24 Agustus 2016 Abstrak Tokoh adalah orang yang mempunyai karisma dan hasil karya. Hasil karya seseorang dapat berupa tulisan atau pun benda peninggalan sejarah, baik sebagai tempat yang ditinggali atau pun sebagai petilasan. Dipati Ukur menjabat adipati di Tatar Ukur dan menjabat sebagai bupati wedana di Priangan (1627-1733), mengalami nasib yang malang. Ia harus menanggung pencopotan sebagai bupati wedana dan hidup berpindah-pindah, setelah adanya perselisihan dengan Mataram. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjawab pertanyaan siapakah Dipati Ukur, telah berkiprah di bidang apa, dan apa peninggalannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang meliputi heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh informasi bahwa Dipati Ukur lahir di daerah Purbolinggo Banyumas Jawa Tengah. Ia keturunan Sunan Jambu Karang. Dari pengembaraannya setelah melakukan perlawanan terhadap Belanda di Batavia, ia membuat bangunan yang saat ini menjadi benda peninggalan dan petilasannya. Salah satu bukti peninggalannya adalah Situs Bukit Cula yang ada di Kecamatan Ciparay Kabupaten Bandung. Kata kunci: Dipati Ukur, Ciparay. Abstract Figures are people who have the charisma and work. The work of a person can be a text or historical relics, either as a live or as petilasan (traces of something in the past eg. buildings, etc.). Dipati Ukur served the adipati (Duke) in Tatar Ukur and served as regent wedana of Priangan (1627-1733), suffered an unfortunate fate. He must bear removal as regent wedana and nomadic, following a dispute with Mataram Kingdom. This study was conducted to answer the question who is Dipati Ukur?, has been active in what field?, and what legacy? The method used is the historical method which includes heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The research results are to be obtained information that Dipati Ukur born in Purbolinggo Banyumas, Central Java. He was a descendant of Sunan Jambu Karang. From his wanderings after fighting a war against the Dutch in Batavia, he makes the building which is now a relic and petilasan (traces of something in the past eg. buildings, etc.). One proof of his legacy is the largest hill horn legacy in Sub-Ciparay, Bandung regency. Keywords: Dipati Ukur, Ciparay. A. PENDAHULUAN Tokoh adalah orang terkemuka dan tokoh akan membicarakan seseorang dari kenamaan (dalam bidang politik, kebu- lahir hingga meninggal. Dari seorang dayaan, dan sebagainya) (Tim Penyusunan tokoh akan muncul pemikiran- KBBI, 2011: 1476). Berbicara mengenai pemikirannya dalam setiap kesempatan, 382 Patanjala Vol. 8 No. 3 September 2016: 381- 396 bahkan tatkala tokoh tersebut telah tiada Mataram, ia sempat belajar kepada Sultan ada benda atau peninggalan yang Agung mengenai ketatanegaraan dan ditinggalkannya yaitu barang yang agama. Akan tetapi di Mataram Wangsa- ditinggalkan, pusaka, bekas reruntuhan nata tidak bertahan lama. Ia menuju dari zaman dahulu, candi, dan sebagainya Sukapura dan Cimanganten, dan pulang ke (Tim Penyusunan KBBI, 2011:1468). Banjaran Kabupaten Bandung. Kemudian, Dipati Ukur merupakan tokoh seja- ia menggantikan kedudukan uwa-nya rah bagi masyarakat Bandung dan (Wirawangsa) di Batulayang dan sekitarnya. Pada saat ia menjabat sebagai dipindahkan ke Tatar Ukur (sekarang bupati wedana di Priangan, Sultan Agung sekitar Dayeuhkolot Bandung). Ketika memberikan tugas kepada Dipati Ukur Dipati Ukur mendapat serangan dari dan Bahureksa untuk bersama-sama Bahureksa di Gunung Lumbung, Dipati mengusir Belanda di Batavia. Oleh karena Ukur mengalami kekalahan. terjadi miskomunikasi dengan Bahureksa, Tulisan lainnya adalah karya Edi S Dipati Ukur harus menanggung akibatnya. Ekadjati Ceritera Dipati Ukur Karya Bahureksa menganggap Dipati Ukur telah Sastra Sunda yang ditulis 1979. Dalam melalaikan tugas. Sejak saat itulah Dipati buku tersebut tertulis bahwa naskah yang Ukur harus berpindah tempat untuk mengupas mengenai Cerita Dipati Ukur menghindari serangan tentara Mataram. terdapat delapan versi yaitu versi Galuh, Daerah yang telah ditempati Dipati Ukur, Sukapura, Sumedang, Bandung, Talaga, dibangun petilasan yang saat ini dianggap Batavia, Banten, dan Mataram. Dari peninggalannya. Yang menjadi pertanyaan delapan versi terdapat persamaan, yaitu siapakah sosok Dipati Ukur, bagaimana setelah Dipati Ukur diangkat sebagai kiprahnya, dan apa saja bentuk pening- bupati wedana, Dipati Ukur menyerang galannya. Batavia. Karena kalah ia berontak kepada Dalam artikel ini penulis mencoba Mataram. Akan tetapi karena tidak ada membahas mengenai sosok Dipati Ukur kesepahaman antara Dipati Ukur dengan dan sekaligus menjawab permasalahan, keempat umbul bawahannya, keempat yaitu siapakah Dipati Ukur dan apa bentuk umbul bawahannya melaporkan sepak peninggalannya. Adapun ruang lingkup terjang Dipati Ukur kepada Sultan Agung. tulisan ini mengambil tempat di Di tempat persembunyiannya Dipati Ukur Kecamatan Ciparay dan sekitarnya. tertangkap oleh pasukan dari Mataram. Tulisan mengenai Dipati Ukur telah Tulisan lainnya adalah Sejarah dilakukan oleh beberapa orang baik berupa Kabupaten Bandung. Buku yang ditulis buku atau pun artikel. Tulisan terdahulu oleh Nina Herlina Lubis yang bekerja mengenai Dipati Ukur adalah Dipati Ukur, sama dengan Badan Pengembangan Ksatria Sejati dari Pasundan. Buku dalam Informasi Daerah Bandung juga mengupas bentuk cerita rakyat Jawa Barat yang tentang Dipati Ukur. Dalam buku tersebut ditulis A. Setiawan tahun 2006 tersebut diceritakan bahwa Dipati Ukur bernama menceritakan bahwa Raden Wangsanata Wangsanata, putra Sunan Jambu Karang adalah keturunan langsung dari Prabu yang berasal dari Purbolinggo Banyumas Geusan Ulun raja Sumedanglarang. Ketika Jawa Tengah. Oleh Mataram, Wangsanata Wangsanata diangkat sebagai adipati di dibawa ke Tatar Ukur. Setelah diangkat Tatar Ukur ia bernama Dipati Ukur yang anak, Wangsanata diangkat sebagai adipati membawahkan wilayah Ukur di Priangan di Tatar Ukur yang kemudian dikenal bagian selatan. Pusat pemerintahannya di dengan nama Dipati Ukur. Setelah kalah Dayeuhkolot. Ayahnya bernama berperang di Batavia ia bersembunyi di Wangsajaya. Ia memberikan wejangan Gunung Pongporang dan Gunung seandainya Wangsanata akan menjadi Lumbung. Kemudian ia tertangkap oleh pemimpin agar berguru ke Mataram. Di pasukan dari Mataram. Dari beberapa Dipati Ukur dan Jejak Peninggalannya… (Lasmiyati) 383 artikel yang terdahulu, ada sisi yang maupun sekunder. Pada tahap ini pencarian kosong yaitu peninggalan atau pun sumber, antara lain dilakukan di Perpus- petilasan Dipati Ukur yang ada di takaan Nasional Jakarta, Perpustakaan Kecamatan Ciparay Kabupaten Bandung Provinsi Jawa Barat, Perpustakaan belum ditulis. Bapusipda Jawa Barat, Perpustakaan Dalam artikel ini penulis mengguna- Museum Negeri Sri Baduga Jawa Barat, kan pendekatan sejarah biografi, yaitu dan Perpustakaan Balai Arkeologi catatan hidup seseorang. Kuntowidjojo Bandung. Setelah sumber-sumber berhasil mengatakan bahwa dalam setiap biografi dikumpulkan, kemudian disaring secara terkandung empat permasalahan, yaitu kritis, terutama sumber-sumber pertama, kepribadian tokohnya, kekuatan sosial agar terjaring fakta. Langkah inilah yang yang mendukung, lukisan sejarah zaman- disebut dengan kritik sumber baik terhadap nya, keberuntungan dan kesempatan yang bahan materi (ekstern) maupun terhadap datang (Kuntowidjojo, 2003: 206). substansi (isi) sumber (Sjamsuddin, 2007: Artikel ini juga akan melihat dari 131). Setelah dilakukan kritik ekstern dan sisi atau bentuk peninggalannya. isi, langkah berikutnya adalah tahap Peninggalan sejarah, menurut Ekadjati, pengelompokan fakta dalam berbagai merupakan hasil dari peristiwa masa hubungan dan formulasi dan presentasi. lampau yang dialami oleh manusia. Hasil-hasil gabungan kedua langkah ini Peninggalan sejarah dapat diklasifikasi ke menghasilkan karya historiografi, yaitu dalam tiga bentuk, yaitu: 1) lisan (berupa merangkaikan fakta hingga menjadi tulisan cerita asal-usul, legenda, folklor dan sejarah. sebagainya, dan kisah pengalaman pelaku sejarah); 2) tulisan (berupa prasasti yaitu C. HASIL DAN BAHASAN peninggalan tertulis pada batu/logam 1. Dipati Ukur isinya mengisahkan peringatan suatu a. Latar Belakang peristiwa atau tokoh, naskah, dan Wangsanata (yang kemudian dokumen); dan 3) peninggalan berupa bernama Dipati Ukur) berasal dari benda1. Kerajaan Jambu Karang berlokasi di Purbolinggo, Banyumas Jawa Tengah. Ia B. METODE PENELITIAN keturunan Sunan Jambu Karang yang Metode sejarah yang meliputi tahap waktu itu masih beragama Budha (Pemda heuristik, yaitu tahap mencari dan mene- Kabupaten Bandung, 1974: 40). Suatu mukan sumber, baik sumber primer ketika, di Jambu Karang datang seorang Arab yang bernama Abdurakhman al- 1 Peninggalan sejarah berupa benda diklasi- Qadri. Ia menyebarkan agama Islam di fikasikan ke dalam: kalangan rakyat. Kiprahnya tersebut 1) Alat kehidupan sehari-hari; yang dibedakan mendapat tantangan dari Sunan Jambu atas beberapa macam seperti perkakas rumah Karang. Beberapa waktu, Abdurakhman tangga, pakaian, dan alat kecantikan/hiasan; 2) dapat mengislamkan Sunan Jambu Karang. Alat upacara; alat upacara
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