ESTABLISHMENT laiCORDS 5s-/ LIST" OF LIGHTS AND FOG-SIGNALS ON THE COASTS, RIVERS AND LAKES OF THE DOMINION OF CA.NA.DA_ COHRECI'ED TO THE 1st _A_pril, 1899 DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES OTTAWA GOVERNMENT PRINTING BUREA U 1899 r M LIST OF LIGHTS AND FOG-SIGNALS ON THE COASTS, RIVERS AND LAKES 0F THE DOMINION OF CANADA UNDER THE CHARGE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES. The Lights in the Bay of Fundy and on the southern and eastern coasts of Nova Scotia, those required for the winter passage of either steamers or ice boats to Prince Edward Island, and all the Lights in British Columbia, are exhibited all the year round. All other lights under the control of the Department of Marine and Fisheries are maintained in opera- tion whenever the navigation in the vicinity is open. Lights used solely as harbour lights are not exhibited when the harbour is closed, although the general ,navigation may remain open. Fishing lights are main- tained only during the fishing season. In any case where there is reasonable doubt whether the light is required it is kept in operation. All the Lightships in the River St. Lawrence below Quebec leave Quebec each spring for their stations as early as ice will permit. The Red Island and White Island Lightships leave their stations for winter quarters on the 15th November annually. Ail the Gas Buoys in the River St. Lawrence are set out as soon as possible after the llth May each spring, and taken up as soon as convenient after the 10th November each autumn, when they are replaced by wooden can buoys. All Buoys in the River St. Lawrence below Quebec are removed after the 14th November, excepting those replacing the Gas Buoys at each end of the Beaujeu Bank and at the Channel Patch, one at the west end of Middle Bank, and one at St. Roch, East Point, in the Traverse, which are left when possible until the last ocean vessel has passed out. F. GOURDEATJ, Deputy Minister of Marine and Fisheries. DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES, OTTAWA, CANADA, 1st April, 1899. TABLE OF DISTANCES BY ALAN STEVENSON. TABLE of Distances at which objects can be seen at sea, according to their respective elevations and the elevation of the eye of the observer. • Distances Distances Distances Distances Distances Distances Heights in in Fleights in in Heights in in in Statute or Geographical in Statute or Geographical in Statute or Geographical feet. English or nautical feet. English or nautical feet. English or nautical Miles. Miles. Miles. 31iles. 5 2958 2565 70 11067 9598 250 20916 1814 10 4184 3'628 75 11456 9'935 300 22'912 1987 15 5123 4443 80 11832 1026 350 24748 2146 20 5916 5130 85 12196 1057 400 26.457 22.94 25 6614 5736 90 12549 1088 450 28.062 2430 30 7'245 6283 95 12893 1118 -500 29580 2565 35 7826 6787 100 13'228 1147 550 31024 2690 40 8366 7255 110 13'874 1203 1 600 32403 28 . 10 45 8'874 7'696 120 14'490 1256 650 33726 2925 50 9354 8112 130 15'083 1308 700 35000 30'28 55 9811 8509 140 15.652 1357 800 37416 32'45 60 10'246 8886 150 16201 1422 I 900 39836 34'54 65 10665 9249 200 18708 1622 1,000 41833 3628 EXAMPLE.-A Light 100 feet above the water will be visible to an observer whose eye is elevated 15 eet above the water 15'9 nautical miles ; thus, from the table :— 15 feet elevation, distance visible, 444 nautical miles. 100 " 11'47 15'91 ABBREVIATIONS AND EXPLANATIONS Lights F. Fixed. A continuous steady light. In catoptric lights the intensity may vary, depending on the position of the mariner with reference to the axis of the reflectors. FL. Flashing. Showing single flashes. Gr. FL. Group Flashing. Showing groups of two or more flashes in succession (not necessarily of the same colour) separated by eclipses, followed by a longer eclipse. F. & FL. Fixed and Flashing. Fixed light, varied by single white or coloured flashes, which may be pre- ceded and followed by short eclipses. • REV. Revolving. Light gradually increasing to full effect, then decreasing to eclipse. (At short distances and in clear weather a faint continuous light may be observed. As lights of this class are all catoptric they are liable to variations in intensit y during the continuance of the flash as the position of the reflectors changes.) GP. REV. Group Revolving. Showin,g groups of two or more flashes in succession produced by revolving catoptric apparatus, separated by eclipses, followed by a longer eclipse. Occ. Occulting. A steady light suddenly and totally eclipsed. • ALT. Alternating. Red and white light alternately at equal intervals. The time given for a revolving or flash light is from the beginning of one flash to the beginning of the next. ILLUMINATING APPARATUS. C. Catoptric, or by metallic reflectors. D. Dioptrie, or by refracting lenses numbered from the first order downwards. Those marked of the 7to order are anchor lenses or anchor lens lanterns of 5 inches focal distance ; those marked " p " ar inferior pressed glass lenses, principally of 34 inches focal distance. The Beatings are Mag,netie,- and are given from seaward. The given distances from which the lights are visible are calculated from a height of fifteen feet above the sea, the elevation of the lights being in all cases taken as above high water. The Geographical Positions of the Lights are Approximate ...- I• CAUTION- WITH RESPECT TO LIGHTS The intrinsic power of a light should always be considered when expecting to make it in thick weather. A weak light is easily obscured by haze, and no dependence can be placed on its being seen. Coloured Lights are also inferior in power to bright or white lights, and are more quickly lost under unfavourable circumstances. GIJTS OR SECTORS. In some conditions of the atmosphere, white lights may have a reddish hue. The mariner should not trust solely to colour where there are sectors, but verify the position by taking a bearing of the light. On either side of the line of demarcation, between white and red, and also between white and green, there is always a small arc of uncertain colour. WITFI RESPECT TO FOG-SIGNALS. Having in view the varying distances at which a fog-signal can be heard at sea, and the frequent occurrence of fog near to, but not observable from, a fog-signal station- Mariners are cautioned that, whilst they are entitled to assume that every endeavour will be made to start Fog-signals as soon as possible after signs of fog have been observed, they should not, when approaching the land in a fog, rely iraplicitly upon these fog-signals, but should always use the lead, which, in nearly all cases, will give sufficient warning. Mariners are strongly cautioned that they must not judge their distance from a fog-signal by the power of the sound. TJnder certain conditions of the atmosphere the sound may be lost at a very short distance from the station, and these conditions may vary at the same station within very short intervals of time. The expression " foggy weather " means that the state of the atmosphere is such as to make objects indistinct. ERRORS. N.B.—It is particularly requested that any errors or omissions noticed in this veork, or any failure in the aids to navigation maybe immediately communi,cated, by letter, to the CHIEF ENGINEER OF MARINE AND FISHERIES, • Ottawa, Canada. Such letters may be mailed post free in Canada. 8 LIGFITS AND FOG-SIGNALS NEW BRUNS BAY OF 4"; ...- No. Name. Location. cp z Characteristic -,z "?.? of Light. .e•'-r> • .;' '.. a, ..c •Z 'MF-e.."•'-'-'-' '1 :.f>. ' ...:•-: -.> -C.b.5'..4 e 2 c., .,.> 5 ,...1 = e - ■ › -. > e .C. LITTLE RIVER U. S. Light. 1 Near middle of island .. 44 30 7 67 6 13 F. white D, 2.. 54 12 2 MACHIAS SEAL IS- 64 yards S. E.from north , F. white D, 3.. 66 13 LAND, westerly light. 3 GANNET ROCK S. of Grand Manan.... 44 30 38 66 46 57F. & FI. white.... D, 4.. 66 13 Light 45 sec. Eclipsed 51 " Flash 4.?s " Eclipsed 51 " — In every 60 " 5 (SOUTH-WEST On edge of cliff, S. ex- 44 36 0 66 54 16 Gp. Rev, red and C.... 200 20 I HEAD. tremity of head. white, 2 inins. 3 red flashes 40 sec. Eclipse 20 " ,-; 3 white fis. 40 " Eclipse 20 " ‹ 7 GRAND HARBouR On Fish Fluke Point... 44 40 2 66 45 8 F. white c 40 11 < 8 '-I4 BIGDUCKISL-9ND S. end of island 44 41 5 66 41 40 C.. FOG-HORN. 10 ,‹ SWALLOW TAIL.. Near edge of high cliff, 44 45 46136 44 2F. white D, 4.. 148 18 C N.E. part of island. 11 LONG EDDY EXtrerne N.W. head of 44 48 066 47 15 . .... POINT F on- island. L, WHISTLE. 12 SOUTH WOLF WHIST- In 52 fms. n miles S.S. 44 55 20 66 42 30 LINO BUOY. E. from S.W. Wolf light. 13 SOUTH-WEST WOLF On S.E. Point of the 44 56 30 66 44 00 Rev. white 1 ,- min- C .... 111 16 ISLAND. island. utes. QUODDY HEAD U. S. light and whistle. S.W. HEAD LIGHT Described above, No. 5. 15 MULLHOLLAND POINT On E. side Lubec Nar- 44 51 40 66 58 50 F. white D, 7.. 60 13 rows, Campobello Is- .