DOCSLIB.ORG

Forest Tree Improvement Research in the South and Southeast

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Forest Tree Improvement Research in the South and Southeast This summary of forest tree improvement and forest genetics research projects in the southern pine region informs research workers and other interested people about work under way and where it is being done. The survey also strengthens and coordinates such research. The U. S. Forest Service is glad to foster the work of the Committee on Southern Forest Tree Improvement by publishing this report. T. F. McLINTOCK, DIRECTOR Southeastern Forest Experiment Station The Committee on Southern Forest Tree improvement has directed its Subcommittee on Tree Selection and Breeding to summarize the projects by agencies doing forest tree improvement research in the South and Southeast. This area corresponds roughly to what is known as the southern pine region. The project summaries and the consolidated report were to be patterned after those issued from the Lake States and from the Western states including British Columbia, Canada. The Southern and Southeastern report describes 305 research projects being conducted by 36 research agencies at various locations. The survey gives reasonably good coverage of present forest tree improvement research in the area. The report is presented for the consideration of those conducting or supporting forest tree improvement and forest genetics research, and for others interested in the broad forestry research program that is developing in the South and Southeast. Any survey of research in an active field of work is somewhat out of date by the time it is printed. However, studies that are costly and run for many years do not change quickly, and it is these that should not be dupli- cated. It is hoped that the survey of current work will help researchers to avoid such duplication. Often there is no sharp distinction between tree improvement or forest genetics studies and certain other fields of forestry. The only logical basis for classifying many studies is their basic purpose. For example, seed orchard culture is an important general subject of interest to many people. Yet indi- vidual studies are appropriately classified under basic subjects such as varia- tion and inheritance of flower production, flower induction, nutritional stud- ies, tree spacing studies, vegetative propagation, pollen flight, tree crown shaping, cone or seed insect control, cone or seed disease control, and others relating to growing trees or managing areas of trees for seed production. Classification of studies by the basic subject or subjects covered has made extensive cross referencing unnecessary. Each statement shows the scientific names of the tree species, or the group, such as hardwood or softwood. Occasionally the word “General” is used instead of the species name to indicate broad projects applying to many genera. Work under the Regional Project, “Forest Tree Genetics, S-23,” of the State Agricultural Experiment Stations is indicated for some studies under the college or university of the State involved. The following State experi- ment stations cooperate at present in this project: Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Tennessee, Texas, Georgia, Florida, North and South Carolina. No attempt has been made to report all seed orchards and seed pro- duction areas established by all agencies. This activity was the object of a special survey by the U. S. Forest Service, and acreage figures were published in Tree Planters’ Notes No. 74, December 1965. However, some agencies have included seed orchards in their survey reports because of the research aspects, or for other reasons. This report supersedes one published in 1952, “Directory of forest genetic activities in the South,” Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Station Paper No. 17. The Subcommittee on Tree Selection and Breeding gratefully acknow- ledges the assistance of research agencies and workers who generously gave their time in preparing the project statements, the men who assembled the report by States, and the Forest Genetics Research Foundation, which stimu- lated this work and set a pattern for the report. KEITH W. DORMAN, CHAIRMAN Subcommittee on Tree Selection and Breeding ii AGENCIES CONDUCTING RESEARCH Code Number of Number Name Projects Reported 1 Auburn University 8 2 Buckeye Cellulose Corporation 1 3 Clemson University 8 4 Continental Can Company 10 5 Florida Forest Service 3 6 Florida Forests Foundation 3 7 Ida Cason Callaway Foundation 2 8 International Paper Company 4 9 Louisiana State University 2 10 North Carolina State University 11 11 Tennessee Valley Authority 4 12 Texas Forest Service 10 13 Union Bag-Camp Paper Corporation 8 14 United States Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory 1 15 United States Forest Service, Region 8 1 United States Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station 88 16 Asheville, North Carolina 11 17 Athens, Georgia 8 18 Blacksburg, Virginia 5 19 Charleston, South Carolina 10 20 Cordele, Georgia 3 21 Fort Myers, Florida 2 22 Franklin, Virginia 1 23 Macon, Georgia 14 24 Marianna, Florida 6 25 Olustee, Florida 28 United States Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station 98 26 Alexandria, Louisiana 7 27 Crossett, Arkansas 17 28 Gulfport, Mississippi 53 29 Harrison, Arkansas 4 30 Stoneville, Mississippi 17 31 University of Florida 6 32 University of Georgia 11 33 University of Tennessee 14 34 University of Virginia 1 35 Virginia Division of Forestry 1 36 West Virginia Pulp and Paper Corporation 10 Total 305 CONTENTS Page 1.. Agencies conducting research . 111 The pattern of the project descriptions . 1 Research projects . 1 A tabular summary . 77 A general summary . 83 Subject-matter classification . 84 Index to genera . 85 Index to research workers . 88 Index to cooperators . 89 iv Forest Tree Improvement Research in the South and Southeast A Survey by the Committee on Southern Forest Tree Improvement Keith W. Dorman, Principal Silvieulturist Southeastern Forest Experiment Station Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture THE PATTERN OF THE PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS In the following pages, each person in charge and the second the project under that agency. of the work describes his current forest tree Following the title are classification numbers improvement research project in the South and showing the subject-matter category of the Southeast in a brief statement consisting of project. These categories are listed on page 84 the title, description of the objectives and meth- in accordance with a classification systems ods, a list of cooperators (if any), and the prepared by Dr. Scott S. Pauley. names of those responsible for the study. To insure that pertinent material is seen, the Each statement is preceded by a hyphenated reader should study the subject-matter classi- reference number for identification of the pro- fication outline before attempting to review ject in cross references and the indexes; the various topics. first number identifies the research agency, RESEARCH PROJECTS 1. AUBURN UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY Auburn, Alabama l-l. VARIATION IN Cupressus. 111.0, 111.1, OBJECT: Evaluate promising exotics as re- 111.3. Cupressus arizonica, Cupressus placements for currently grown species and SPP* establish these exotics as a source of breeding material. OBJECT : ( 1) Investigate phenotypic vari- ation in species of Cupressus native to the METHODS : Introduce trees not native to United States, and (2) determine genetic vari- the area. Establish in plots and evaluate in ation in Cupressus arizonica. terms of growth, form, wood quality, insect and disease resistance, and tolerance to cli- METHODS : Collect seed from and study mate. all species in their native habitats. Seed is kept separate by mother tree to establish one open- ASSIGNMENT : James F. Goggans, Asso- pollinated progeny test planting of approxi- ciate Professor. mately 10 acres. Provenance test plantings of all species will be established in different re- l-3. VARIABILITY WITHIN FOREST TREE SPE- gions of Alabama. CIES. 111.1, 111.2, 111.3, 211.1, 211.2, 211.3. Pinus taeda, P. virginiana, Li- ASSIGNMENT : James F. Goggans, Asso- quidambar styraciflua, and others to be ciate Professor. selected. l-2. TRIALS OF EXOTIC SPECIES. 111.0, 211.0. OBJECT : ( 1) Determine phenotypic va- Softwood and hardwoods. riation in selected characteristics within and 1 among races of major forest tree species in ASSIGNMENT : James F. Goggans, Asso Alabama and surrounding areas, and ( 2) de- ciate Professor. termine variation within and among progenies of races and selected individuals from Alabama l-5. HYBRIDIZATION. 112.01, 112.02. Pinu. and surrounding areas. SPP. METHODS : Select sample trees within OBJECT : Develop hybrid forest trees fol stands, sites, and physiographic regions. Meas- problem sites such as the dry, shallow-soilec ure growth, form, and wood characteristics. sites found in the southern Appalachians. Analyze to estimate phenotypic variation with- in stands, between stands, and between regions. METHOD : Cross within and between spe Collect seed from sample trees, selected as a- ties parent trees selected for improved wooc bove, and plant seedlings in designed plantings quality, insect and disease resistance, and abil, on varying sites. As part of these studies a ity to grow on the problem site involved. Pinus taeda provenance study was established ASSIGNMENT : James F. Goggans, Asso, 5 years ago. It involves eight seed sources in ciate Professor. Alabama with plantings near each source. Phe- notypic variation in growth and wood charac- teristics of Liquidambar styraciflua is also be- 1-6. D EVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED CYPRES: ing investigated. Eighty-five 5-tree plots have CI~RISTMAS TREES. 122.1. Cupressus ari, been established throughout Alabama. Wood zonica. characteristics being studied are percent heart- OBJECT : Develop an improved synthetic wood, specific gravity, and fiber length. variety of Cupressus arizonica for use as : ASSIGNMENT : James F. Goggans, Asso- Christmas tree. ciate Professor. METHODS : Collect seed from native habi tats in the southwestern U. S. and grow tree: 1-4. WOOD CELL ANATOMY. 111.3, 151.321, in various regions of Alabama. Select outstand, 151.322, 211.3, 251.321, 251.322, 251.324. ing trees from these plantings and transfer by Pinus taeda, Liquidambar styraciflua.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hwd”Rni -I I Southern Rest SO-296 Experimen?” Station July, 1963
    c=.. United States I &=*$ Departmenlt of ‘$!j’!&’ Argriculture Forest Service hWD”rnI -I I Southern rest SO-296 Experimen?” Station July, 1963 Lightning Strike Simulation for Studying Southern Pine Bark and Engraver Beetle Attacks Mitchel C. Miller SUMMARY Endemic populations of the southern pine beetle is probably conservative; actual values could be (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.) and Ips spp. at- considerably higher. tacked loblolly pilnes (Pinus taeda L.) on which light- Lightning struck trees may attract SPB with a re- ning strikes were simulated with detonating cord lease of volatile oleoresin fractions from the shower in the field. Southern pine beetles were reared in of finely divided bark and needle particles (Taylor successive generations in these trees from fall 1981 1973, Lorio and Yandle 1978); struck trees offer a through spring 1982; only Ips spp. attacked treated favorable attack and brood development site for trees through December 1982. Lightning strike SPB and Ips spp. as a result of reduced oleoresin simulation provides an alternative means of studying exudation pressure, reduced oleoresin flow, re- bark beetle attack and opens the way for com- duced relative water content and increased reduc- parisons with nat;ural lightning strikes. ing-sugar content of inner bark (Hodges and Pickard Keywords: Lightning strike simulation, southern 1971). Anderson and Anderson (1968) associated pine beetle, Ips, Dendroctonus frontalis. successful attack by three Ips species on a light- ning struck loblolly pine with reduced oleoresin
    [Show full text]
  • Overcoming Dormancy in Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda L.)
    Reprinted from: Edwards, D.G.W., compiler and editor. 1993. "Dormancy and barriers to germination." Proc. Internal. Sympos. IUFRO Project Group P2.04-00 (Seed Problems). Victoria, British Columbia Canada ' April 23-26, 1991. Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, B.C. Overcoming dormancy in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) F.T. BONNER AND C.A. HARRINGTON u.s. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Southern Forest Experiment Station, Starkville, MS 39759, U.S.A. and Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia, WA 98502, U.S.A. Abstract Dormancy patterns in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were examined by comparing various parameters of germination rate. Both linear and polynomial models showed that mean germination time (MGT) was the most sensitive to chilling period. MGT was then used in a test of a new chilling technique that employed 24-h warm interruptions of chilling. This procedure produced faster rates of germination (lower MGT) in one group of 9 lots, but a second test with 15 lots yielded negative responses to any type of stratification. Resume Chez Ie pin a encens (Pinus taeda L.), les caracteristiques de la dormance ont ete examinees par comparaison de differents parametres du taux de germination. Des modeles lineaires comme polynomiaux ont montre que Ie temps moyen de germination etait Ie plus sensible a la periode d'entreposage en chambre froide. Cette duree moyenne a ensuite ete mise a profit dans l'essai d'une nouvelle technique d'entreposage en chambre froide qui comporte des interruptions de 24 h de rechauffement. Cette technique a accelere les taux de germination (temps moyen de germination raccourci) dans un groupe de 9 lots, mais lors d'un second essai sur 15 lots, a conduit a des resultats negatifs, peu importe Ie type de stratification.
    [Show full text]
  • Introgression Between Pinus Taeda L. and Pinus Echinata Mill
    Introgression between Pinus taeda L. and Pinus echinata Mill. Jiwang Chen 1, C. G. Tauer l , Guihua Bai1, and Yinghua Huang1 Key words: cpDNA; introgression; microsatellite; nuclear ribosomal DNA; loblolly pine; shortleaf pine INTRODUCTION Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) have widely overlapping geographic ranges. Hybridization between the two species has interested tree breeders for a long time. Morphologically, the two pine species are different. The needles of loblolly pine are 6 to 9 inches long, usually with three yellow-green needles per fascicle; but shortleaf pine needles are 3 to 5 inches long, with two or three dark yellow- green slender and flexible needles per fascicle. Loblolly pine also has larger cones than shortleaf, as well as other differences, however, these characters offer limited help when the genotypes of the parents and their probable hybrids are compounded by environmental factors The limitations of morphological characters resulted in the identification of the allozyme marker IDH (isocitrate dehydrogenase) to identify hybrids (Huneycutt and Askew, 1989). The high frequency of IDH variation seen in natural shortleaf pine populations outside the natural range of loblolly pine (Rajiv et al., 1997) suggests either profuse hybridization between the two species or that IDH is an unreliable marker. These data required us to look for new markers to confirm the identity of putative hybrids. A more extensive study (relative to the study of Rajiv et al., 1997), sampling a larger portion of shortleaf-loblolly pine sympatric population, was conducted to further explore the nature and extent of these hybrids in the native populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Tfsbbstudy.Pdf
    Introduction Results Pine bark beetles, including the mountain pine beetle (MPB), Table 1. Effects of abamectin (Aba) injection treatments on the success of Ips engraver beetle adult Trial 1: Evaluation of bolts collected from treated and untreated Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, and southern pine beetle (SPB), D. attack, brood development, and success of cerambycid larvae in loblolly pine logs in Texas: 2008 - loblolly pine trees in 2008 - 2011 indicated that a similar number frontalis Zimmermann, are some of the more important forest pests in 2011. of Ips engraver beetles attacked the bolts regardless of treatment the United States (Billings et al. 2004) with local and regional outbreaks (Table 1). However, the success of the Ips in constructing galleries causing severe economic losses on a nearly annual basis. Other species (> 2.5 cm) or producing brood was significantly less for both of pine bark beetles, including the secondary pests Ips avulsus (Eichoff), injection treatments, regardless of season, compared to the I. grandicollis (Eichoff), and I. calligraphus (Germar), also are known to checks (Fig. 3). Similarly, the number of cerambycid egg niches cause significant tree mortality particularly during severe drought periods was similar for all treatments, but there were significantly less in the southeastern U.S (Wilkinson & Foltz 1982). The current abundance phloem consumed by larvae in the injected logs. of susceptible trees and forests underlines the need to develop new methods to protect individual trees from bark beetle attacks. Trial 2: Nearly all baited trees were heavily attacked by MPB within 3 weeks. A final assessment for the 2010 season was Protection of individual trees with conducted in September 2011 and showed heavy mortality (60%, insecticides has historically 18 of 30) of untreated lodgepole pine trees (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings 33Rd Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference Using Tree Improvement to Grow New Products for a Changing World Ho
    Proceedings 33rd Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference Using Tree Improvement to Grow New Products for a Changing World Hosted by: Arkansas Forest Resources Center; University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture School of Forest and Natural Resources; University of Arkansas at Monticello Weyerhaeuser Inc. Hot Springs, AR June 8-11, 2015 Proceedings of the 33rd Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference Edited by Joshua P. Adams Louisiana Tech University Ruston, LA 71270 The papers and abstracts in these proceedings were submitted by the authors as electronic files. Modifications were made in format to provide for consistency and to allow best possible placement of figures and tables. The authors are responsible for the technical content of their respective papers. Citation for the 33rd SFTIC Proceedings: Adams, J.P., editor. 2016. Proceedings of the 33rd Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference; 8-11 June 2015; Hot Springs, Arkansas. http://www.sftic.org 113 p. Citation of papers in the 33rd SFTIC Proceedings: Authors’ Names. 2016. Name of paper. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference; 8-11 June 2015 Hot Springs, Arkansas. http://www.sftic.org , pp. x-y. Links to electronic copies may be obtained at: http://www.sftic.org ii Foreword The 33rd Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference (SFTIC), marking 64 years of biennial technical conferences, was held June 8-11, 2015 in Hot Springs, Arkansas. This marks the first time the conference has been in the state of Arkansas. Direction of the conference was coordinated by the Southern Forest Tree Improvement Committee and with co-hosts Arkansas Forest Resources Center; University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture School of Forest and Natural Resources; University of Arkansas at Monticello and Weyerhaeuser Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Comparison of the Physical Properties of Loblolly and Slash Pine Wood and Bark Thomas L
    1495 ARTICLE Species comparison of the physical properties of loblolly and slash pine wood and bark Thomas L. Eberhardt, Joseph Dahlen, and Laurence Schimleck Abstract: Composition of the southern pine forest is now predominated by two species, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.), owing to fire suppression activities, natural regeneration on abandoned agricultural lands, and extensive planting. Comparison of the wood and bark physical properties of these pines is of interest in terms of the yields of usable biomass and, for the bark, its ecological functionality on a living tree. Trees from a species comparison study were used to generate wood and bark property data, on a whole-tree basis, and for stem disks collected at breast height. Models were constructed to explain the effect of relative height on wood and bark properties. When comparing the whole-tree data, slash pine wood (0.523 versus 0.498) and bark (0.368 versus 0.311) specific gravity values were higher, both offset by lower moisture contents; slash pine also produced a higher percentage of bark on a dry-mass basis (17% versus 12.5%). Unlike wood properties, bark properties showed significant between-species differences when determined at breast height alone, the exception being moisture content. In terms of yield, harvests of a green tonne of loblolly pine and slash pine would give approximately the same dry mass of wood, but slash pine provides more bark. Key words: bark thickness, moisture content, specific gravity, wood quality, yield. Résumé : La composition de la forêt de pins du sud est maintenant dominée par deux espèces, le pin a` encens (Pinus taeda L.) et le pin d’Elliott (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) a` cause des activités de suppression des feux, de la régénération naturelle sur les terres agricoles abandonnées et de la plantation intensive.
    [Show full text]
  • Screening Pinus Taeda (Loblolly Pine) Families for Physical and Mechanical Properties Using Vibrational Spectroscopy
    SCREENING PINUS TAEDA (LOBLOLLY PINE) FAMILIES FOR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES USING VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY Gifty E. Acquah, Brian K. Via, Lori G. Eckhardt, and Oladiran O. Fasina1 Abstract—In a bid to control the loblolly pine decline complex, stakeholders are using the selection and deployment of genetically superior families that are disease tolerant. It is vital that we do not compromise other important properties while breeding for disease tolerance. In this preliminary study, near infrared spectroscopy was utilized in conjunction with data collected via conventional methods to develop partial least squares regression models that were used to rapidly predict the basic density, stiffness and ultimate strength of 14 genetically superior loblolly pine families that have been selectively bred to be disease tolerant. Calibration and independent validation data were from southern pines acquired from a commercial sawmill. Seven or eight latent variables were used in model development. The coefficients of determination of the predictive models were more promising for MOE (0.58) and MOR (0.42). INTRODUCTION product. Furthermore, it is essential that strength is not Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) is the most economically compromised else mortality due to reasons other than important tree species in the USA. With 30 million acres forest disease such as wind failure could occur. in plantations in the southern US alone, it provides 110,000 jobs and contributes approximately $30 billion MATERIALS to the economy of this region. However, over the Fourteen year old loblolly pine trees were harvested past 50 years, reduced growth, decline and eventual from two forest sites. Seven families were harvested mortality have been associated with loblolly pine trees from Yulee FL and seven from Waycross GA in February (Eckhardt and others 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • Pinus Echinata, Shortleaf Pine
    PinusPinus echinataechinata shortleafshortleaf pinepine by Dr. Kim D. Coder, Professor of Tree Biology & Health Care Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia One of the most widespread pines of the Eastern United Sates is Pinus echinata, shortleaf pine. Shortleaf pine was identified and named in 1768. The scientific name means a “prickly pine cone tree.” Other common names for shortleaf pine include shortstraw pine, yellow pine, Southern yellow pine, shortleaf yellow pine, Arkansas soft pine, Arkansas pine, and old field pine. Among all the Southern yellow pines it has the greatest range and is most tolerant of a variety of sites. Shortleaf pine grows Southeast of a line between New York and Texas. It is widespread in Georgia except for coastal coun- ties. Note the Georgia range map figure. Pinus echinata is found growing in many mixtures with other pines and hardwoods. It tends to grow on medium to dry, well-drained, infertile sites, as compared with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda). It grows quickly in deep, well-drained areas of floodplains, but cannot tolerate high pH and high calcium concentrations. Compared with other Southern yellow pines, shortleaf is less demanding of soil oxygen content and essential element availability. It grows in Hardiness Zone 6a - 8b and Heat Zone 6-9. The lowest number of Hardiness Zone tends to delineate the Northern range limit and the largest Heat Zone number tends to define the South- ern edge of the range. This native Georgia pine grows in Coder Tree Grow Zone (CTGZ) A-D (a mul- tiple climatic attribute based map), and in the temperature and precipitation cluster based Coder Tree Planting Zone 1-6.
    [Show full text]
  • Pinus Palustris Longleaf Pine
    PinusPinus palustrispalustris longleaflongleaf pinepine by Dr. Kim D. Coder, Professor of Tree Biology & Health Care Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) is one of our heritage trees because it represents a historic forest type. The cultural and romantic connections to longleaf pine and the forest ecosystem it dominates is seeped in traditions of the South. Longleaf pine was first identified as a species in 1768. Historic scientific names included Pinus australis (1810). Other common names for longleaf pine include long- leaf pine, long-leaved pine, longleaf yellow pine, Southern yellow pine, swamp pine, Georgia pine, marsh pine, yellow pine, Southern pine, longstraw pine, hill pine, pitch pine, hard pine, and heart pine. The scientific name means “pine of the marshes.” Longleaf pine grows on sandy, well drained upland soils, and in flatwoods along the Coastal Plain from Southeast Virginia to far Eastern Texas, dropping South into central Florida. It does grow up into the Piedmont and foot hill areas of Georgia and Alabama. Note the Georgia range map figure. Only tattered fragments of longleaf pine forests remain today even though it once covered large areas of the Southern Coastal Plain. It grows in Hardiness Zone 7b - 9b and Heat Zone 7 - 11. The lowest number of Hardiness Zone tends to delineate the Northern range limit and the largest Heat Zone number tends to define the South- ern edge of the range. This native Georgia pine grows in Coder Tree Grow Zone (CTGZ) B-E (a mul- tiple climatic attribute based map), and in temperature and precipitation cluster based Coder Tree Plant- ing Zone 4-7.
    [Show full text]
  • Pinus Taeda ‘Nana’ ‘Nana’ Loblolly Pine1 Edward F
    Fact Sheet ST-479 October 1994 Pinus taeda ‘Nana’ ‘Nana’ Loblolly Pine1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 INTRODUCTION Loblolly Pine is a North American native which is usually seen from 50 to 80 feet tall with a 30-foot- spread though it is capable of reaching more than 150 feet in height (Fig. 1). This cultivar probably grows to only 10 to 20 feet in height making it ideal for use as a specimen or screen. It has a dense, rounded silhouette and may become popular, especially for small-scale landscapes, once people discover it. The pyramidal, dense form stays with the tree throughout its life making it ideal for screening. It does not appear to lose its lower limbs as it grows older as does the species. The six to nine-inch-long evergreen needles turn light green during the winter. The often- paired cones are three to six inches long, red/brown, and have very sharp spines. They persist on the tree for several years and mature in the fall. The bark of Loblolly Pine is very thick which helps make this tree very resistant to fire in the wild. GENERAL INFORMATION Scientific name: Pinus taeda ‘Nana’ Figure 1. Young ‘Nana’ Loblolly Pine. Pronunciation: PIE-nus TEE-duh Common name(s): ‘Nana’ Loblolly Pine Family: Pinaceae DESCRIPTION USDA hardiness zones: 6B through 9 (Fig. 2) Origin: native to North America Height: 15 to 20 feet Uses: Bonsai; container or above-ground planter; Spread: 15 to 20 feet recommended for buffer strips around parking lots or Crown uniformity: symmetrical canopy with a for median strip plantings in the highway; screen; regular (or smooth) outline, and individuals have more specimen; no proven urban tolerance or less identical crown forms Availability: somewhat available, may have to go out Crown shape: round of the region to find the tree 1.
    [Show full text]
  • IAWA List of Microscopic Features for Softwood Identification 1
    IAWA List of microscopic features for softwood identification 1 IAWA LIST OF MICROSCOPIC FEATURES FOR SOFTWOOD IDENTIFICATION IAWA Committee Pieter Baas – Leiden, The Netherlands Nadezhda Blokhina – Vladivostok, Russia Tomoyuki Fujii – Ibaraki, Japan Peter Gasson – Kew, UK Dietger Grosser – Munich, Germany Immo Heinz – Munich, Germany Jugo Ilic – South Clayton, Australia Jiang Xiaomei – Beijing, China Regis Miller – Madison, WI, USA Lee Ann Newsom – University Park, PA, USA Shuichi Noshiro – Ibaraki, Japan Hans Georg Richter – Hamburg, Germany Mitsuo Suzuki – Sendai, Japan Teresa Terrazas – Montecillo, Mexico Elisabeth Wheeler – Raleigh, NC, USA Alex Wiedenhoeft – Madison, WI, USA Edited by H.G. Richter, D. Grosser, I. Heinz & P.E. Gasson © 2004. IAWA Journal 25 (1): 1–70 Published for the International Association of Wood Anatomists at the Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden, The Netherlands 2 IAWA Journal, Vol. 25 (1), 2004 IAWA List of microscopic features for softwood identification 3 2 IAWA Journal, Vol. 25 (1), 2004 IAWA List of microscopic features for softwood identification 3 PREFACE A definitive list of anatomical features of softwoods has long been needed. The hard- wood list (IAWA Committee 1989) has been adopted throughout the world, not least because it provides a succinct, unambiguous illustrated glossary of hardwood charac- ters that can be used for a variety of purposes, not just identification. This publication is intended to do the same job for softwoods. Identifying softwoods relies on careful observation of a number of subtle characters, and great care has been taken to show high quality photomicrographs that remove most of the ambiguity that definitions alone would provide. Unlike the Hardwood Committee, the Softwood Committee never met in its full com- position.
    [Show full text]
  • Pinus Taeda Loblolly Pine1 Edward F
    Fact Sheet ST-478 October 1994 Pinus taeda Loblolly Pine1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 INTRODUCTION Loblolly Pine is a North American native which is usually seen from 50 to 80 feet tall with a 30-foot- spread though it is capable of reaching more than 150 feet in height (Fig. 1). This extremely fast-growing pine is pyramidal when young making it ideal for screening but loses its lower limbs as it grows older becoming a tall, stately specimen, windbreak, or dappled-shade tree. The six to nine-inch-long evergreen needles turn light green to brown during the winter. The often-paired cones are three to six inches long, red/brown, and have very sharp spines. They persist on the tree for several years and mature in the fall. The bark of Loblolly Pine is very thick which helps make this tree very resistant to fire in the wild. GENERAL INFORMATION Scientific name: Pinus taeda Pronunciation: PIE-nus TEE-duh Common name(s): Loblolly Pine Family: Pinaceae USDA hardiness zones: 6B through 9 (Fig. 2) Origin: native to North America Uses: reclamation plant; screen; shade tree; specimen; no proven urban tolerance Availability: generally available in many areas within its hardiness range Figure 1. Mature Loblolly Pine. DESCRIPTION Height: 50 to 80 feet Spread: 30 to 35 feet Crown uniformity: irregular outline or silhouette 1. This document is adapted from Fact Sheet ST-478, a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: October 1994.
    [Show full text]