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Checklist and New Records of Spiders (Araneae) from Cephalonia and Ithaka Islands (Greece)

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Checklist and New Records of Spiders (Araneae) from Cephalonia and Ithaka Islands (Greece) BIHAREAN BIOLOGIST 15 (2): ©Biharean Biologist, Oradea, Romania, 2021 Article No.: e211202 http://biozoojournals.ro/bihbiol/index.html Checklist and new records of spiders (Araneae) from Cephalonia and Ithaka Islands (Greece) Fabio CIANFERONI1,2, Francesca GRAZIANI2 and Filippo CECCOLINI2 1. National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (CNR-IRET), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy. 2. Natural History Museum of the University of Florence, “La Specola”, Zoology, Via Romana 17, I-50125 Florence, Italy. * Corresponding author, F. Cianferoni, E-mail: [email protected] Received: 13. November 2020 / Accepted: 19. January 2021 / Available online: 20. February 2020 / Printed: December 2021 Abstract. A first checklist of the spiders (Araneae) of the Ionian islands of Cephalonia and Ithaka (Greece) is provided. Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772), Metellina merianae (Scopoli, 1763), Frontinellina frutetorum (C.L. Koch, 1835), Leptorchestes berolinensis (C.L. Koch, 1846), and Menemerus semilimbatus (Hahn, 1827) are recorded for the first time for Cephalonia island, and Philaeus chrysops (Poda, 1761) for Ithaka island. Key words: Balkans, faunistics, first records, Ionian Islands, Kefalonia Introduction platform “iNaturalist” (www.inaturalist.org). All the listed material was identified or revised by the authors. If not otherwise specified, The spider fauna of the Balkan Peninsula is relatively well- the specimens are adults. All coordinates are given in WGS84 deci- mal degrees. The uncertainty (in metres) of data was indicated ac- studied (Deltshev 1999), including its southern part, since cording to the point-radius method (Wieczorek et al. 2004). Nomen- Greece seems to be quite well explored (see Bosmans & clature follows the World Spider Catalog (WSC 2020); higher-level Chatzaki 2005). Although there are many studies focusing systematics follows Wheeler et al. (2017). on spiders from the Ionian Islands, western Greece (e.g. Bris- towe 1935, Reimoser 1930, Reimoser & Kritscher 1958, Abbreviations PROOF Brignoli 1972, Lecigne 2013, Russell-Smith 2014, see also CFCC, Collection Filippo Ceccolini (Rassina, Arezzo, Italy). Bosmans & Chatzaki 2005), the araneofauna of Cephalonia CFCF, Collection Fabio Cianferoni (Florence, Italy). and Ithaka islands (the same for Zakynthos) is under- CFGZ, Collection Francesca Graziani (Florence, Italy). leg., legerunt. sampled (see Table 1), with records scattered through many vid., vidit. papers (e.g. De Carlini 1901, Sangiorgi 1903, Reimoser 1930, Bristowe 1935, Brignoli 1974, 1976a, 1976b, 1977, 1979, 1984, Bosmans & Van Keer 2009, see also Bosmans & Chatzaki Results 2005). Species account Table 1. Area, number of species, and ratio (between number of spe- 2 cies and area) for each of the main Ionian Islands (area > 90 km ). Family Sicariidae Keyserling, 1880 Numbers of species come from Chatzaki et al. (2020). Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour, 1820) Kerkyra Lefkada Ithaki Kefalonia Zakynthos Material examined. Cephalonia Island: Argostoli, Minia, in a Area (km2) 593 303 96 781 406 house, 95 m a.s.l., 29.VII.2019, 38.131387° N 20.501884° E Species 186 117 14 63 16 (uncertainty = 3 m), L. Marchese & S. Cianferoni leg., 1 im- Species/Area 0.31 0.39UNCORERCTED 0.14 0.08 0.04 mature ♀ (CFCF). Remarks. Species living in dry habitats, under stones, in rock crevices, fallen logs, under barks, in leaf litter; it is also The island of Cephalonia is the largest of the Ionian Is- often found in and around houses and buildings (Jones 1983, lands and the sixth largest island in Greece (see Cianferoni Zamani et al. 2014). Indeed, the collected specimen was 2019) and it is known in English also as Kefalonia, Kefallinia found inside a house. It may occupy the entrance of caves or Kephallenia, in Greek: Κεφαλονιά or Κεφαλλονιά (see (Zamani et al. 2014, Mammola et al. 2018). Its bite does not Trilar et al. 2020). To date, more than 70 species are known cause pain but could cause injuries, since it is equipped with for Cephalonia (see De Carlini 1901, Sangiorgi 1903, Reimos- necrotic venom. Occasionally it can cause severe skin lesions er 1930, Bosmans & Chatzaki 2005, Chatzaki et al. 2020) and and hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis, jaundice, acute renal insuf- more than 25 species for Ithaka (see Bristowe 1935, Bosmans ficiency up to shock, and also disseminated intravascular co- & Chatzaki 2005, Chatzaki et al. 2020). Here, we report on agulation can be observed (Pezzi et al. 2016). Its original new spiders from Cephalonia and Ithaka islands and we range includes Southern Europe and northern Africa to Iran. summarize the current knowledge in an updated checklist. It was introduced to USA, Mexico, Macaronesia, South Afri- ca, India, China, Japan, Korea, Laos, Thailand, Australia, and Material and Methods Hawaii (WSC 2020). The species is known both for continen- tal Greece and several islands (see Bosmans & Chatzaki The examined material originates from occasional collections (spec- 2005, Chatzaki et al. 2020). It was recorded for Cephalonia by imens collected, photographed, or observed) or records from the Reimoser (1930). bb-2 F. Cianferoni et al. Family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 Argyrodes argyrodes (Walckenaer, 1841) Material examined. Cephalonia Island: near the Acropolis of Ancient Sami, 215 m a.s.l., 24.VII.2019, 38.25536° N 20.66253° E (uncertainty = 10 m), S. Cianferoni & L. Marchese leg., 1 subadult ♂ (CFCF). Remarks. Found on bushes and trees in dry habitats, this species generally lives as a commensal on large webs of Araneidae (as in this case) where its small size allows it to steal the host spiders’ prey (Bellman 2010). A widespread species, occurring from Mediterranean to West Africa, and Seychelles (WSC 2020). Recorded in Greece for the islands of Lesbos, Crete, Corfu, Lefkada, Cephalonia, and Ithaka (Bosmans & Chatzaki 2005). It was recorded by Bristowe (1935) in Ithaka and by Knoflach (2004) in Cephalonia. Family Araneidae Clerck, 1757 Araneus angulatus Clerck, 1757 Material examined. Cephalonia Island: Paliki peninsula, on Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., 2 m a.s.l., 38.27329° N 20.42315° E (WGS84; uncertainty = 3 m), 25.VII.2018, F. Cianferoni, F. Ceccolini & F. Graziani leg., 1 ♀ (CFCF). Remarks. A spider that weaves orb-webs on trees and shrubs (Jones, 1983). An Asiatic-European species (WSC 2020), known both from continental Greece and several is- lands, including a single record for both Cephalonia (Reimoser 1930) and Ithaka (Bristowe 1935). PROOF Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772) Material examined. Cephalonia Island: Tzanata, near un- named east lake, 65 m a.s.l., 38.13243° N 20.75328° E (uncer- Figure 1. Female of Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772) from Tzanata, tainty = 5 m), 23.VII.2018, 1 ♀ (Fig. 1), photos (of the same Cephalonia Island (photo F. Graziani). specimen) by F. Ceccolini and F. Graziani. Remarks. Species occurring in open lands (Guttmann a doubtful record of Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826) for 1979), where it spins an orb web with stabilimenta, usually Cephalonia. Here, we confirm the occurrence of this genus in tall grass and trees (Roberts 1985). An Asiatic-European on the island; unfortunately, as these samples were not col- element (WSC 2020), widespread in continental Greece, rec- lected, it was not possible to identify the individuals at the orded also for Lesbos, Rhodes, and Crete (Chatzaki et al. species level. 2020). First record for Cephalonia and the Ionian Islands. Family Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859 Family Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866 Frontinellina frutetorum (C.L. Koch, 1835) Metellina merianae (Scopoli, 1763) Material examined. Cephalonia Island: near the Acropolis of Material examined. Cephalonia Island: Karavomylos, Melis- UNCORERCTEDAncient Sami, 215 m a.s.l., 24.VII.2019, 38.25536° N 20.66253° sani Cave, entrance tunnel, 25 m a.s.l., 38.25686° N 20.62407° E (uncertainty = 10 m), S. Cianferoni & L. Marchese leg., 1 E (uncertainty = 30 m), 26.VII.2018, F. Cianferoni, F. Cecco- immature ♀ (CFCF). lini & F. Graziani leg., 1 ♀ (CFCF), 1 ♀ (CFGZ). Remarks. A thermophile species found on bushes and Remarks. A troglophile species (Mammola et al. 2018), trees in open localities, in warm and dry habitats, it is known occurring in Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Iran, Russia (Euro- to weave a double layered sheet web, where the upper layer pean part to Central Asia) (WSC 2020). Known for continen- is thicker: the spiders live in the space in between (Bellman tal Greece, Corfu, and Crete (Chatzaki et al. 2020). First rec- 2010). The specimen was collected from its characteristic ord for Cephalonia. web on a bush. Several other spider webs occurred on the surrounding vegetation. Frontinellina frutetorum is a wide- Tetragnatha sp. spread species, occurring in southern Europe, North Africa, Material examined. Cephalonia Island: Tzanata, stream, ca. Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (European part to South Siberia), 90 m a.s.l., 38.15069° N 20.73826° E (uncertainty = 100 m), Iran, Kazakhstan, Central Asia (WSC 2020). This species was 23.VII.2018, F. Cianferoni vid., 1 specimen; Cephalonia Is- recorded from many localities in continental and insular land: Kateleios, stream, 35 m a.s.l., 38.07759° N 20.75291° E Greece (see Bosmans & Chatzaki 2005, Chatzaki et al. 2020). (uncertainty = 15 m), 25.VII.2018, F. Ceccolini vid., 1 speci- Previously known from Ithaka (Bristowe 1935), this is the men. first record for Cephalonia. Remarks. De Carlini (1901) and Sangiorgi (1903) reported Spiders of Cephalonia and Ithaka bb-3 Family
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